Sustainable Nutrition Manual2005 Low Input Food and Nutrition Security Manual

2012 reviewed and revised

2015 Sustainable Nutrition

Presentation Overview

1. 2012 Review, Survey Findings– 2005 to 2012 people & organizers utilizing manual– Impacts from using the manual

2. 2015 Sustainable Nutrition manual – Key principles– Key highlights of changes / improvements– Plans on way forward

3. Discussion, Questions

(1) 2012 Review, Survey Findings1. 2005 Manual

• About 10,000 manuals printed by different JEFAP partners• Homes, Farmers groups, Schools and Hospitals were the main users• See List in Appendix by Region and District – there are even more now.

2. 2012 electronic Survey• 75 responses out of 600 emails sent• Compiled into 4 page summary & 40 pages of details

3. 2012 task force met twice at NRC • 21 people, 16 organizations at National, District, Community levels• MoA, MoE MoH, OPC, Bunda, NRC student• Anglican Church, EI, Goal, Kusamala, LOL, Landirani, Rescope, TLC, WFP

4. Impacts from using the 2005 manual• Little data collected, mostly photos and stories• A few promising small scale studies• Many promising global studies on Agro-ecology, Biodiversity and Permaculture

4

MoEST School Health and Nutrition Productive School Environment

• PSE role models sustainable & productive land use by applying the school curriculum topics at school– Pre School, Primary, Secondary– Tertiary – especially Education Colleges

• Emphasize using school’s own resources through:– Teaching And Learning Using Locally Available

Resources (TALULAR)– Permaculture

• Challenges:– Dependency Syndrome– Keeping it neat!

SHN HIV Strategies, updated 2011.07 5

Nutrition: Productive School Environment

Schools as Role Models for the Curriculum

BeforeChilala, Nkhata Bay, 2007 Jan

SHN HIV Strategies, updated 2011.07 6

6 months: Establishing Gardens, Orchards & WoodlotsChilala, Nkhata Bay, 2007 Jun

SHN HIV Strategies, updated 2011.07 7

10 Months: Growth during rainy seasonChilala, Nkhata Bay, 2008 Feb

SHN HIV Strategies, updated 2011.07 8

4 years of growth – dry season photoChilala, Nkhata Bay, 2011 June

Parts of Sustainable Nutrition Manual used for DODMA DNHA

Standard of Practice 1: General population

65 local food pictures

15 photos of porridges and family meals with recipes on

the back

250 ml cup

1 recipe book(in 3 languages)

Wrapper cloth used by all partners

Harmonized nutrition

counseling cards

(4 topics)

Integrated HomesteadFarming Manual

Malawi Food Guide with added

indigenous species

Malawi Food availability

Calendar for community food

mapping

Nutrition Education Bag for all teaching

aids, used by all partners

2015 Malawi Ministry of

AgricultureNutrition Education

Materials

(2) 2015 Sustainable Nutrition manual

1. Key Points about the manual– For extension staff (agriculture, education, health, gender primarily)– Agriculture sector key lead with DNHA oversight on nutrition policy

2. Key Principles, highlights of improvements– Flow of content & Artwork improved– More specifics on Agro-ecology, Local bio-diversity & Permaculture

Design

“Agro-ecology and the right to food” (March 2011)

Based on an extensive review of recent scientific literature, the report demonstrates that agroecology, if sufficiently supported, can

double food production in entire regions within 10 years while mitigating climate change and alleviating rural poverty.

3 Ethics on CARE: Earth, People, Fair Design - thoughtful plans - LCRO, architects, scientists, innovators, engineers.

All the sustainable technologies, but put together in a system wisely. Natural - climate smart, resilience, conservation, natural systems give lessons

and ideas. High biodiversity – herbarium Zero Waste - efficiency zones Connections working together guilds

Malawi Permaculture timeline – in brief!• 1994 first 12-day International Permaculture Design Certificat • 2009 Malawi International Permaculture Conference 300+ particpants from Globe• 2012 USAID Brief on Permaculture for Orphans and other Vulnerable children• 2015-16 USAID permaculture designers held two trainings in Liwonde on Resilience• 2015 World Bank SRBM – videos utilizing Permaculture design (Swales, Zone 3)• Now - Permaculture network in Malawi - 6 Hubs, Kusamala Training Centre Lilongwe• Now - Savory institute livestock • Now - Large scale China, Middle East, USA, and many areas in the world have

What is permaculture?

Agroecology & Permaculture Studies1. Permaculture Adoption Among Malawian Farmers:

A Positive Deviance Inquiry, H. Thornton, MSc Thesis with School for International Training in Vermont, USA, 2010

2. The Potential of Permaculture: Addressing Subsistence Farming and Food Security in Malawi, Dr. Abigail Conrad, 2012

3. Building a New Agricultural Future: Supporting agro-ecology for people and the planet, 2014 Oxfam Report

4. From the Roots Up: How Agro-ecology can feed Africa , Global Justice, February 2015

5. International Symposium Agroecology for Food Security and Nutrition, FAO Rome on September 18 and 19, 2014.

Good

NutritionHealth

Body & living conditions: care, water, sanitation, hygiene

Food & Water SecurityAll food groups & water:

available, accessible, utilized, all the time

Human SystemsFor food, water, health, education, policies, etc.

Natural Resources & SystemsSoil, water, air, vegetation, animals (including insects & humans)

1st

4th

3rd

2nd

Environment + Agriculture = the foundation of Nutrition,the source of our nutrients

Nutrition Security =

Nutrient needs met for growth, health & energy

MedicationSoil, Food, Water & People

can be avoidedwith a healthy foundation

Agriculture – the Basis of Sustainable Nutrition

15

High levels of Poor Nutrition

Poor HealthUnhealthy lifestyles, Poor living conditions.

High level of Illness, Disease.

High use of Medications & Treatments

Food & Water InsecurityCalories, but lacking nutrients

Water becoming serious threat

Inadequate Human Systems

Inequality, Poverty, Education, High Population Growth, Economic

Instability, Violence,

Political instability

Natural Resource DegradationUnhealthy Soil, Water & Air, Increasing Extinctions, Loss of Biodiversity

Systems are currently out of balance Requires higher inputs

Higher Medicationsfor

PeopleFood & Water

Plants, Animals, Soil

1.2 ha average smallholder farmer landholding is small

85 % of land used to grow subsistence maize

75 % of calories consumed is from maize

2015 November 17-19 17

Malawians eat more corn (maize) per capita

than ANY other country on earth!

Over half of calories!

Maize brought to Southern Africa from Central America

about 250 years ago

Food Insecurity & Malnutrition

Unbalanced Meal Balanced Meal

Same Amount – Balanced Groups with More Variety

75% of Agriculture & Diets are Maize48% of Malawi’s children are nutritionally “stunted”

Unbalanced production

All Seasons (rains vs. dry)

Agriculture – the Basis of Nutrition

Balanced Production

All Seasons (rains vs. dry)

Food Security = ALL food groups Recommended adult needs based on 2,200 kcal/day

1 day 1 year

1 AdultCalories

% Calories

1 adult(Kg)

16 Million Adults (kg)

1. Staples½ Grains 838 38% 90 1,460,000

½ Tubers 240 11% 90 1,460,000

2. Fruits 150 7% 108 1,752,000

3. Vegetables 96 4% 108 1,752,000

4. Legumes & Nuts 588 26% 54 584,000

5. Animal Foods 58 3% 36 584,000

6. Fats 235 11% 18 116,800

TOTAL food needed: 2,205 100% 504 7,708,800

Diversity not just maize Not 270 kg of maize

ALL Food GroupsProduction

Processing

Marketing

Buying

Preparing

Eating

30,000 = edible plants ID’d

7,000 = human food

3 crops = 50 % plant energy

30 crops = 95 % calories & protein

FAO 1997

Staples Fats Fruits

Vegetables Legumes & NutsAnimal Foods

What can we do?Produce & Eat all food groups

Do we have the foods? YES! Hundreds!

Asiatic DayflowerCommelina communisChichewa: Kasungwi

Leaves contain 184% of RNI for Vitamin A

Wild Custard AppleAnnona dipsacensChichewa: Mposa

Fruit has 103% of RNI for Vitamin A

Marc Barany

Non-Timber Forest

Products

in the Food Security

and Nutrition

of Smallholders

Afflicted by HIV

in Sub-Saharan Africa

VitaminA

BaobabAdansonia digitataChichewa: Mlambe

Leaves have more than 100%

of RNI for Iron

Fruit has 179% of RNI for vitamin C

TamarindTamarinindus indicaChechewa: Bwemba

The leaves have more than 100% of RNI for Iron(Marc Barany, Non-Timber Forest Products in the Food Security and Nutrition of Smallholders Afflicted by HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa

Mopane WormGonimbrasia belina

Chichewa: Mphalabungu

Twice the protein of beef!(Marc Barany, Non-Timber Forest Products in the Food Security and Nutrition of Smallholders Afflicted by HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa)

Adansonia digitataBaobab

Nutrition

Diarrhoea

Aloe vera(Aloe barbadensis)

Skin problems – externally and internally

BurnsWounds

Immuno-modulator(strengthens a weak immune

system, helps with rheumatism, allergies and cancer)

Cymbopogon citratuslemon grass

Fever

Detoxifies the blood

High blood pressure

Colds and flu

A pleasant, healthy drink!

Tagetes erectaAfrican / Aztec marigold

Coughs

Eye infections

Whooping cough

Abscesses

Tithonia diversifloiaMexican sunflower

Soil improver

Hedges

Dermatitis

Soil HealthCompost

LegumesWorm Farms Mulching

Agro-ForestryThe soil

needs protein (nitrogen)

and a diverse diet,

just like we do!

Composting Toilets

Water Harvesting

from the roofinto the earth or

into tanks

Into orchards

Into tanks

EnergyFire wood efficiency with tree planting, wind, solar, water, biogas...and more

Land O’Lakes Food for Progress Nutrition

37

Integrated animal systemsCombinations of: ponds – animals – plants – trees – live fencing – etc.

Integrated Pest Management

Strong smelling plants, beneficial creatures, thorns, etc.

Use every space!Different

Food Groups supported on:

Trees, Houses, Fences,

Trellises etc.

Luwayo Biswick

Past NeverEndingFood Intern

Now Kusamala www.Kusamala.org Lead Permaculture Trainer & Consultant

Permaculture DesignPutting it all

together

2015 Field at NeverEndingFoodCome visit!

www.NeverEndingFood.org

Both pictures on the same day (20 Jan 2016) near Chitedze, Malawi

within 200 meters of each other.

The TOP is a typical monocropped maize field in the area, suffering from

soil infertility and drought stress.

The BOTTOM a diversified,100% organic, mulched field,

using free open-pollinated seeds.

2016 January 4 Crops at a neighbor’s plot

Malnourished soil Malnourished plants

2016 January 4 www.NeverEndingFood.org

Well nourished soil supported with diversity

The Difference7 Months can

make!(1) Before Wife sweeping 1 hour+ each day

(2) Month 1 Reduced sweeping and beds

(3) Month 7 Area flourishing with foods(1) 2005 July, before design

(2) 2005 Aug, 2 weeks (3) 2006 Feb, 7 months

TeacherDevelopment

Centre

SHN Strategy 0verview, updated 2010.10

1.5 years - 2008 Feb

Before Permaculture 2006 Oct

The Difference

1.5 years

can make

The Difference 3 years can makeBefore (2003) Later (2006)

Stacia, Kristof & Khalidwe Nordin www.NeverEndingFood.org

Malawi is RICH!PROPOSED WAY FORWARD

Next 3-5 years WFP work with MoAIWD to build evidence on the cost, feasibility to run at scale impacts on health soil, water, air, plants and animals; and changes in household financial status, food group availability and diet.

• FNOs and LRCOs, but each SMS has a role to play: Water/Irrigation, Livestock, Crops and Extension Methods.

• DAESS (DAECC, DSP, ASP, VACs), and link with the District Nutrition Coordinating Committee and Ministries of Health, Education and Natural Resources, at a minimum.

• Marry with other resources from DAES Integrated Homestead Farming manual, Scaling Up Nutrition food and nutrition education bag