sustainable outdoor lighting impacts on the environment...
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Leena Tähkämö, D.Sc.Post-doctoral researcher (Academy of Finland)
Lighting UnitDepartment of Electrical Engineering and AutomationSchool of Electrical EngineeringAalto University
Sustainable residential lighting practices and light pollution
September 2017
Literature survey
3
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IMPACT
Literature searchScopus Web of
ScienceProQuest
42 papers on artificial lighting affecting human health
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Light pollution
Life cycleassessment
Environmentalimpacts
Human health
Fauna & flora
Circadian rhythmdisruption
Cancer
Obesity & metabolicdisorders
Mood & mentalhealth
Sleep
etc.
5
(22)
(17)
(7)
(6)
(5)
(6)
Circadian rhythmdisruption
Cancer
Obesity & metabolicdisorders
Mood & mentalhealth
Sleep
etc.
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Nocturnal melatonin suppression
Sleep-wake cycle
Sleep deprivation
Circadian rhythmdisruption
Cancer
Obesity & metabolicdisorders
Mood & mentalhealth
Sleep
etc.
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Spectral power distribution
Intensity
Timing
Duration
Light history
Chronotype
Circadian rhythmdisruption
Cancer
Obesity & metabolicdisorders
Mood & mentalhealth
Sleep
etc.
8
Epidemiological studieson humans: Co-existencebased on satelliteimagery, questionnaires
Studies on animals
Shift work carcinogenic
Pathway not confirmed
Circadian rhythmdisruption
Cancer
Obesity & metabolicdisorders
Mood & mentalhealth
Sleep
etc.
9
Linked with:Sleep-wake cycle
Sleep loss
Artificial light at night
Circadian rhythmdisruption linked withobesity, insulin resistanceand T2DM
Circadian rhythmdisruption
Cancer
Obesity & metabolicdisorders
Mood & mentalhealth
Sleep
etc.
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Linked with circadiandisruption and lightexposure: SAD, depression
Daylight & nightdark
Light treatment
Circadian rhythmdisruption
Cancer
Obesity & metabolicdisorders
Mood & mentalhealth
Sleep
etc.
11
Normal sleep-wake cycledistored by light
Contradictory results of light at night affectingmelatonin secretion butnot sleep, and the required light level
Circadian rhythmdisruption
Cancer
Obesity & metabolicdisorders
Mood & mentalhealth
Sleep
etc.
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Parkinson’s disease: retinal damagepotentially involved withdevelopment
Migraine can betriggered by bright and flickering lights
Retinal damage bystrong light exposure
Overall negative health impacts
- Mechanisms largelyunknown
- Most robust evidencerelated to melatoninsuppression and othercircadian misalignment
- Evidence of cause-effectrelationship not robust, especially if experimentalanimal studies and satelliteimage data is used as evidence
- Spectrum- Intensity- Timing- Duration- Frequency- Light history- Chronotype- Genes- Age- Sex
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LED benefits and pitfalls
Main health concern440-460 nm radiationand high brightness
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6500 K LED
2700 K LED
Amber LED
What can we do?
Right lightRight placeRight time
• Reduce intensity• Avoid overillumination• Choose correct spectrum• Target light where needed• Reduce duration• Avoid strong exposure
prior/during sleep
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Lighting controls & Dimming
Spectrum & Color
CCT & CRI
Energy savingCO2 reduction
Energy efficiencySafety
Visual performance
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Human healthEcology