sustainable practices parking structures

7/28/2019 Sustainable Practices Parking Structures

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Rolfe Kaartinen, Principal

NORR Limited, Architects & Engineers

www.norrlimited.com

(A presentation on behalf of the) Canadian Precast Concrete Inst itute

www.cpci.ca

Precast Concrete

Sustainable Structures for Tomorrow


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Sustainable Parking Garage Practices

Proximity, energy efficiency,

recyclability and minimalwaste are keys to meetingenvironmental standards thatare gaining client interest.


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What is Green Design?

Design and construction practices that significantly

reduce or eliminate the negative impact of buildingson the environment and occupants are in five broadareas:

Sustainable site planning

Safeguarding water and water efficiency

Energy efficiency and renewable energy

Conservation of materials and resources

Indoor environmental quality


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North America First LEED Certified Parking

Garage

The Santa Monica Parkinggarage features:

photovoltaic roof panels

a storm drain water

treatment system

recycled constructionmaterials

energy efficientmechanical systems

Santa Monica, CA


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Precast Concrete

No construction material or

product can guaranteeLEED Certification of yourproject

Precast concretecomponents may be ablecan help reach as many as23 of the 26 points needed

to achieve LEEDcertification.


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Sustainable Parking Garages

Precast concrete is designed to optimize (lessen) theamount of concrete used and has minimal site waste in

manufacturing and at the site.


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Sustainable Attributes

Components can help

achieve sustainability in avariety of ways:{ Their ability to be recycled

{ Local manufacturing capability

{ Thermal mass

{ insulation

These attributes help reduce

the expended energy neededto manufacture, transport anderect materials - keysustainable requirements.


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Building Reuse

A key factor in building reuse is

the durability of the originalstructure. Building reusegenerally means leaving themain portion of the buildingstructure and shell in place

when renovating. This helps the environment by

conserving resources andreducing wastes and the

environmental impacts of newconstruction. Construction anddemolition waste contribute tosolid waste going to landfills.


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Building Reuse

Concrete's durability gives ita strong advantage in thiscategory

Precast concrete structuralsystems and precastspandrel panel systems can

provide long service life. Double tees components

offer long interior spans. Structures are easier to

remodel or reconfigure as

tenant needs change. This ensures that a structure

can remain in place longerwith only minor adjustmentsneeded.


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Building Reuse

Precast parking structures

can be designed for futurevertical expansion in mind,with heavy load-bearingframing to accommodate

additional parking and/orcommercial office spacecan be added on top of theparking structure.


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Construction Waste Management

Reducing construction,

demolition and land-clearingwaste that would normallyend up in landfill is good for

the environment. Precast components are

made in manufacturingfacility and shipped just in

time for installationreducing congestion andwaste on the site.


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Concrete's inorganiccomposition makes it anideal material to berecycled.

Concrete is frequentlycrushed and reused asaggregate for road bases

or construction fill.


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For instance, graywater often is recycledin future mixes,between 5 and 20

percent of aggregate ina mix can consist ofrecycled concrete andsand used in finishing

can be reused. Steel forms and other

materials used incasting are reused

many times.


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A properly designed parking

system will result in:{ smaller structural members

{ longer spans

{

less material used on-site. This translates directly into

both economic andenvironmental savings.

Using less material meansusing fewer natural resourcesand less manufacturing andtransportation energy.


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Recycle

Double tees, columns and

beams and spandrel panelsfrom an un-needed parkinggarage can be reused inanother structure.


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Recycled Content

Supplementary

cementitious materials canreplace a portion of thecement in a mix.

These materials are

considered post-industrialrecycled ingredients.


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Recycled Content

The most common supplementary cementitious materials:{ Fly ash is the residue remaining from fossil-fuel power

plants.{ Silica fume is the by-product from the electric-arc

furnace used in the production of silicon or ferrosilicon

alloys.{ Slag cement is created from iron blast-furnace slag.

The use of fly ash can increase setting times. This may bean economic factor in precast concrete manufacturing if

casting can not be maintained on a daily cycle. All these waste products would end up in landfill if not

reused. In many cases, the use of fly ash and othersupplementary materials can produce a more durable

product than a total-cement mix.


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Recycled Content

The best approach is to talk

with the supplier in advance andavoid prescribing an amount offly ash beforehand.

Ask the supplier to use themaximum amount that'seffective and give them aperformance standard for theapplication, not just apercentage.

The goal for long-termperformance of a structureshould optimize the use of flyash, not maximize it.


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Local & Regional Materials

The LEED rating system

promotes using at least 20percent of building materialsare manufactured within an800 km (500-mile) radius of

the site. And material in product are

regionally extracted orrecovered within 800 km.

Precast concrete meets bothof these requirements in

virtually all cases.


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Most precast plants are within 320km/200 miles of the project, and theraw materials used to produce theprecast concrete components:{ cement{ aggregates{ prestressing strand{ rebar and wire meshare usually obtained from sources

within 320 km (200 miles) of theprecast plant.


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This advantage leads

many designers toreplace granite, stoneand other imported

products with precastconcrete.


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Case Samples


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Expandable

Precast with brick finishmakes structure blend in

with surroundings. Designers of this new

four-level, car parkingstructure in the City

of Gatineau (formerlyHull) took advantage ofthe flexibility and

versatility inherent inprecast concrete to

create a infill parking garage that remains

visually interesting.

Edifice de Stationnement Rue Leduc

Gatineau, Qubec, Canada


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Expandable

The system of precast concrete

structural pieces helps to reducethe mass and added a sculpturaleffect that breaks the faade intoa series of smaller components.

The structure was designed withprojecting columns in front of thespandrels. Columns and panelshave accent lines to reduce thescale of the pieces. Many of theprecast concrete panels have thinbricks inset at the factory so thestructure resembles the otherbuildings in the area.


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Expandable

The use of a total precastconcrete system (258 pieces)including columns, beams,long-span double tees andspandrels panels permitted acompact, efficient construction

schedule with little disruption toadjacent properties.

The structure was designed forfuture vertical expansion in

mind with heavy load-bearingframing to accommodateadditional parking andcommercial office space to beadded on top of the parkingstructure.


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Innovative Mixed-use Design

Metro Park, a new hightech, seven level parking

and commercial structure,opened in the early springof 2002 adding muchneeded parking spaces inthe downtown area of

Halifax. The building was

constructed with a precastprestressed concretebuilding system

comprising of beams,columns, architecturalspandrels, shearwalls,litewalls and double teefloor slabs.

Metro Park

Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada


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The layout of the garage is

continuous interwoven spiralramp with two-way traffic flow.The building was servicedwith two precast concrete

stair towers and one elevator.


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The designers wanted the

Parking structure to lend inwith surrounding older brickand stone in downtownHalifax.

To accomplish this, thelower two floors were cladwith earth coloredpigmented precast concretepanels to express thearchitecture of the area.


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Credits

Owner: Halifax Regional Municipality - Halifax, Nova

ScotiaDeveloper:The Hardman Group - Halifax, Nova ScotiaArchitects: Duffus Romans Kundzins RounsefellArchitects Ltd. - Halifax, Nova ScotiaStructural Consultants: Campbell Comeau EngineeringLimited - Halifax, Nova ScotiaGeneral Contractor: McAlpine Construction - Halifax,Nova ScotiaPrecast Fabricator: Strescon Limited - Saint J ohn, New

Brunswick


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Mixed Use, Retail Offices, Parking

Award Winning

ProjectDowntown Multi-Use

Parking Facility

Burlington, Ontario

2004 Ontario

Concrete Award

winner for MaterialDevelopment and

Innovation


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THE CHALLENGE

The building site presented anumber of major challenges.

The structure had to be open anduser friendly, operate as a parkinggarage and also be recognizableas a civic building.

Minimal material storage wasavailable because the structureoccupied most of the site.

Careful consideration had to bemade for access, dust control,noise and the impact onsurrounding busy streets.


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THE PROJECT

This 360 car, 6 storey garageand 1,000 sq m office was builtusing high performance precastconcrete that was designed to

increase the long term durabilityof the structure and to endurethe corrosive elements of roadsalt.

The civic offices wereincorporated as part of theprecast garage structure.


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THE DETAILS

267 Double Tees - 11,550 sq m29 Beams - 195 m103 Spandrels - 1,060 m35 Columns - 390 m

21 Column Walls - 580 sq m3 Shear Walls - 370 sq m

Owner:The Corporation of The City of BurlingtonArchitect: Stark Ireland Architects Inc.Precaster: Pre-Con Inc.Structural Engineer: Brenik EngineeringProject Manager: Dineen Construction Corporation


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Moveable

The parking garageopened J anuary 1988 as atemporary parking unit andwas built to be movable.

The garage houses 373parking spaces on threefloors.

City Of Ottawa Parking Garage,Laurier Ave, Ottawa, ON


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Award Winning Project

Canadian Plaza at thePeace Bridge, CanadianCustoms & Immigration,Fort Erie, Ontario

This 2005 projectreceived an OntarioConcrete Awards, for

Precast Concrete -Structural DesignInnovation.

Innovative Precast Design, NORR Ltd


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Halifax Airport Garage, NORR Limited

2400 space parking garage for the Halifax International

Airport Authority including consolidated rental car facilities


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Halifax Airport Garage, NORR Limited Use of florescent lighting versus metal halide within the

garage will provide annual savings of 25% electrical use

and annual maintenance costs cut in half Use of perimeter light sensors to use natural daylight

Use of pre-topped precast Ts will save on applied

flooring/traffic toppings Provisions for future garage expansion built-in

Natural ventilation eliminates mechanical equipment


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Toronto Airport Garage, NORR Limited

8500 space parking garage for the Greater Toronto

Airports Authority including consolidated rental carfacilities provisions


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Toronto Airport Garage, NORR Limited Use of florescent lighting versus metal halide within the

garage will provide annual savings of 25% electrical use

and annual maintenance costs cut in half Use of perimeter light sensors to use natural daylight

Provisions for future garage expansion built-in

Natural ventilation eliminates mechanical equipment


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Acknowledgements

CPCI: Brian Hall


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(A presentation on behalf of the) Canadian Precast Concrete Inst itute

www.cpci.ca

Precast Concrete

Sustainable Structures for Tomorrow

Rolfe Kaartinen, Principal

NORR Limited, Architects & Engineers

www.norrlimited.com

sustainable practices parking structures

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