sustainable range management range residue reductioners overview.brief 6 guidance, references, and...

1ERS Overview.brief

Sustainable Range ManagementSustainable Range ManagementRange Residue ReductionRange Residue Reduction

ByBySteven DownesSteven DownesSenior Research Senior Research

LeaderLeaderOperational Range Operational Range

SustainabilitySustainability

Presented atPresented at2005 Region 4 EPA/DoD States2005 Region 4 EPA/DoD States

Environmental ConferenceEnvironmental ConferenceAtlanta, GAAtlanta, GA

June 30, 2005Applying innovative solutions for range sustainability

2ERS Overview.brief

Reference PointsAmerica has a unique approach to training: “Train as we fight”. Training needs to be “Realistic”, “Integrated”, and Stressful” to prepare the warfighter for combat. Point! Training needs to be all-encompassing.DoD is committed to preserving training and testing ranges while protecting the environment.Despite environmental successes, DoD is facing increasing restrictions on land, sea, and airspace reserved for training and testing.DoD will continue to form partnerships that promote long-term range sustainability.

Applying innovative solutions for range sustainability

3ERS Overview.brief

DoD Range Organizations

REG(RCC

Environmental Gp)

FMG(Freq Management

Group)

ASG(Airspace Group)

PBFAWG(PBFA Working Group)

LWSWG(Land

Withdrawal SupWork Group)

DOT&E USD(AT&L)

RCC(Range Commanders Council)

DUSD(I&E)

RSRWG(Range

SpectrumRequirements

Work Group

ASD(C3I)

SERDP(Strategic Environmental

R&D Program )

SERDP ExecutiveWorking Group

DESC(Defense

EnvironmentalSecurity Council )

DDR&E

OGCUSD(P&R)

PBFAPolicy Board onFederal Aviation

(Airspace Subgroup)

IMLUCC(Interagency Military

Land Use Coord.Committee )

TTAWG’s(Technical Thrust

AreaWorking Groups)

Cleanup,Compliance,Conservation,

&PollutionPrevention

UXOCOE(Unexploded

OrdnanceCenter of Excellence)

SECDEF

DTTSG(Defense Test &

TrainingSteering Group)

TIRIC

DUSD(R)

R&T

CollectiveTraining

ESOHPB(Envir, Safe

OccupationalHealth Policy

Board )

OEESCM(Operational &Environmental

Executive SteeringCommittee

for Munitions)

TG(Telemetry Group)

SRRWG(Sustain Range

ReadinessWork Group)

SROC

OIPTSustainable Ranges/RRPI

WIPT

4ERS Overview.brief

DefinitionsOperational Military Range means designated land or water areas set aside, managed, and used to develop, test, and evaluate military munitions, other ordnance, or weapons systems, or to train military personnel in their use and handling. Ranges include firing lines and positions, maneuver areas, firing lanes, Test pads, detonation pads, impact areas, and buffer zones with restricted access and exclusionary areas. From 40 C.F.R. – 266.201


5ERS Overview.brief

Definitions (Continued)Operational Ranges• Active and Inactive Military Ranges

SRM• Sustainable Range Management

Operational Test and Training Ranges• Active and Inactive

Munitions & Explosives of Concern (MEC)• Unexploded Ordnance (UXO)• Discarded and Abandoned munitions• Explosives Soils and Buildings/Materials

Munitions Response• Everywhere not on an operational range

Munitions Constituent (MC)• Explosives and Energetic materials

Munitions Presenting a Potential Explosive Hazard (MPPEH)• Range Residue


6ERS Overview.brief

Guidance, References, and DriversDoDD 4715.11 & 12 Operational Range ManagementDefense Material Disposition Manual (4160)DoDD 3200.15 Sustainable Range DirectiveUpdating DDESB Guidance (Ch 12)Operational Range Clearance Policy (dtd June 2005)Draft Stakeholder Involvement DirectiveDraft MPPEH DirectiveDefense Demilitarization Manual (4160)Draft Munitions Response Implementation DirectiveGAO Report on Military Training dtd 29April2005 GAO Code 350430/GAO-04-534


7ERS Overview.brief

Issues that will Severely Impact the Sustainability of Ranges

The management of these issues, singularly and collectively, will have a direct impact on the success of the concept of range sustainment.Safety Issues: Those issues that, either immediately or at some future point in time, put people and/or property at acute risk.Environmental Issues: Those issues that impact on the environment such that a chronic (direct or indirect) risk is experienced by the population.


8ERS Overview.brief

UXO and Range Residue

MEC and MC pose both a safety and an environmental threat to the continued viability of operational ranges.

Issue/Example:Expanded application of RCRA/CERCLA to Army operational ranges

may:Shut down live-fire training at hundreds of Army ranges.

Require displacement of training and unit travel to alternate sites.

Require environmental characterization and clean-up of activeranges.

Army estimates $15B - $150B to clean up operational ranges.


9ERS Overview.brief

Safety Issues.

Risks from UXO and Range Residue• Near Term

– To Military Personnel– To Range Maintenance Personnel– To General Population

• Long Term– To General Population & Environment– To Base Closure Personnel– To Future Land Users, Military and Other


10ERS Overview.brief

Environmental Issues.

Contamination Priority Areas (MC/MEC)• Ground Water• Food Chain• Clean Air



Application of RCRA and CERCLA to Live-Fire Training

Eagle River Flats

Fort Richardson, AKArmy involved in citizen’s suit at Fort Richardson, AK.Suit seeks to shut down live-fire at Eagle River Flats.Claims munitions firing violates:• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

(RCRA)• Comprehensive Environmental Restoration,

Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)• Clean Water Act (CWA)

Potential to shut down live-fire at Eagle River Flats and hundreds of other Army ranges.


Regulation of Training Activities Under the Clean Air Act

Dust from Maneuver

Training with Smoke and Obscurants Prescribed Burns to

Manage Training Land and Habitat


Range Residue ApproachDODI 3200.XX Range Clearance on Operational

Ranges has been signed this week. It will be the driver for planning and executing range clearance planning and operations.

The DODI directs that operational range management policies and procedures will:Allow safe access to Operational Ranges fro range maintenance, modernization, training, or testing operations.Preclude accumulation of Military munitions and other range-related debrisFacilitate appropriate future land use



Range Residue Processes and Procedures


The following are recommended approaches to determine the processes op a successful Range Residue

Remediation Program (RRRP). It must be absolutely noted that each range/range complex is unique in size, topography, training mission, and types of munitions used: one size does not fit all ranges.

For a RRPP to work, each facility must accomplish the following:

•Review local MIS for records of munitions used

•Determine annual quantity of munitions (by DODIC)

•Estimate inventory of types of range residue from historical records

•Develop a theoretical compilation of range-related debris, by weight, on ranges.

and procedures necessary to devel


RRP&P (Continued)•Determine the role of EOD assets to support range residue management processes.

•Determine demilitarization/certification management processes

•Determine the topography, hydrology, and climatologically related conditions for each range.

•Determine the role of the local DRMO on range residue issues .



Range Reside Systems & Equipment and Personnel


After development of unique local processes and procedures, the information acquired is utilized to identify and acquire facilities and capitalization of equipment requirements. Concurrent efforts must be aimed at identifying personnel assets to accomplish debris removal and disposal.

Each installation must determine the economics model necessary to support residue issues. The decision factors include:

1. Facilities and capitalization of equipment requirements needed to accomplish range clearance and residue demilitarization at the subject installations.

2. The processes available to systematically locate, identify, cut up, clear, transport/remove or otherwise eliminate identified range residue from the training footprint(s).


Range Reside Systems & Equipment and Personnel (Continued)


3. The site-specific recommendations of processes to best facilitate the demilitarization and certification of range residue.

4. The demilitarization and certification process and procedures for each identified process

5. The recommendations for staffing and managing the location, identification, removal, demilitarization and certification efforts for each specific process.

6. Identify and model potential revenue and cost avoidance realizedthrough each identified process within the overall range residuemanagement concept.

7. Identification of site-specific permit requirements and the identification of Federal, State, and local codes that drive permitting, operating, and reporting.


Examples of existing equipment and processes

Equipment needed to handle the disposition of range-related debris is neither expensive or unique.

The following are examples of system/equipment modified to accomplish specific tasks within the range residue processing domain.



Gleaned Materiel

Spent smallSpent small--arms brass casesarms brass cases Inert aluminum itemsInert aluminum items

LightLight--gauged steelgauged steel

Applying innovative solutions to range sustainability


Brass Shredding Summary

Low manual effortReduces need to sort and inspect brassBrass cases are rendered inertReduces volume by 50%



Aluminum Feed MaterialsOnly inert aluminum range gleanings40-mm practice projectiles and casesSMAWS81-mm illum and RP motors/fins105 and 120 mm practice heat rounds120-mm sabotsFuse assembliesPractice "Rock eyes"Cluster cases



Aluminum Melting Furnace Summary

Moderately labor-intensiveOnly process inert materielGleanings rendered 100% demilitarizedPropane and electricity consumables Air Permit required


Practice Bombs & Illumination/Ejection Shells


Piercing the Bomb Casing

Emptying the Last of the FillerApplying innovative solutions to range sustainability

Processing a 750-lb Inert Practice Bomb

Preparing to Crush the Filler Materiel


Inert Bomb Disposal Costs1. Mechanized Processing of 1,061 Inert Bombs

• Bombs processed in 89 hours of shearing operations• Direct costs:

– Mob/Demob = $5K– Shearing costs = $37K– Total = $42K– Cost per bomb = $39.59

2. Manual Processing with an Exothermic Torch (estimate)• Direct costs:

– Labor = $30K– Equipment operator = $21K – Materials = $11K– Total = $62K– Cost per bomb = $58.44

SAVINGS = $20KEstimated to take >6 months for manual option, versus 17 days for

mechanized option.



Soil washing to remove lead and other heavy metals from small arms range soils at Fort Polk

Soil Washing for Removal of Lead and Other Heavy Metals at Small Arms Range in Fort Polk



Phosphate stabilization and restoration of target berm at Camp Lejeune

Small Arms Range Restoration at Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune Small Arms Range Restoration at

Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune



Science and Engineering Efforts to Support Range Modernization

Next Generation Training, and Test & Evaluation (TT&E) RangesInstrumentation/GPSVirtual EnvironmentTechnology Solutions

• Automatic Targeting Systems• Bandwidth • Space Based Radar

Energetics Constituent CharacterizationEnergetics Contamination EliminationGroundwater Testing, Monitoring, and TreatmentLocal/Regional Outreach• External Stakeholder involvement• Internal Stakeholder Involvement

Green MunitionsGreen Target Systems


sustainable range management range residue reductioners overview.brief 6 guidance, references, and...

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