sustainable soil management in azerbaijan

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE OF AZERBAIJAN REPUBLIC

“Sustainable soil management in Azerbaijan”

Bishkek 2016 года

Seymur [email protected]

SHORT INFORMATION ABOUT THE COUNTRY

All categories AgricultureIncluding

State Fund Municipality Private

The total territory, thous. ha 8 660,0

Population, mln. 9,6

Agricultural land, thous. ha 4757,2 4566,4 1774,5 1122,6 1669,3

Including:

Arable land 1887,9 1811,8 306,4 101,5 1403,9

Hayfields and pastures 2606.7 108,4 21,7 3,3 83,4

Permanent crops 233,8 210,7 51,1 5,4 154,2

İrrigated, thous. ha 1400

Forests 1039,2

Others 2892,44

Water resources, billion m3 25

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THE MAIN PROBLEMS AND CURRENT STATUS OF THE SOIL

•The territory of Republic is composed of mountainous and foothill regions (60%) and lowland areas (40%). 85% produced in the country of agricultural products obtained mainly from irrigated land (1.4 million hectares). It should be noted that the loss of rainfall in the country is very uneven, in some regions, insufficient to meet the needs of crops during their growing season, there is an acute shortage of water.•Soil salinization adversely affects the yield of agricultural crops cultivated in these lands. Approximately 47.6% of irrigated lands are affected by salinity.•According to the spread and the rate of erosion and soil loss, our country is one of the most eroded among the former soviet republic. Development of erosion is going on here on the one hand under the influence of natural factors on the other hand - due to irrational use of sloping lands, and uneven water distribution in the plain areas. In the period 1970-2014 area prone to soil erosion has increased by 6.9%. Of these, 1336.7 thous. ha (36%) are strongly eroded, 882.6 thous. ha (23%) Average eroded and 1524.2 thous. ha (41%) slightly eroded.•In the context of strongly transected terrain slopes plowing without soil protection measures create conditions for the emergence and intensive course of erosion, resulting in deteriorating soil fertility, reduced yield and quality parameters of agricultural production and livestock productivity.

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Requirements:

•High-quality digital soil maps (there is a lack of high-quality digital soil maps, problems with inaccurate data in the registration of agricultural land); •Re-registration of agricultural land, update inventory data and clarify the rights of the landowners;•Identification of areas with varying degrees of threat from erosion and salinization to rationalize agricultural production, as well as preventive measures;•Identification and assessment of risks;•Spatial planning placement of the main forms of land use in accordance with the natural conditions;•Collection of information, expanding the database and automation of access to resources, as well as the development of electronic services for the dissemination of information.

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ANALYSIS OF THE NEEDS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION

Mountain and foothill areas of the Greater Caucasus, attributable to the share of Azerbaijan carried out the digitization of soil maps

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MAPPING, REGISTRATION AND ACCOUNTING OF THE SOIL WITH THE USE OF GIS TECHNOLOGY

Soil typetopographysurface sedimentsSalinityThe predominant land useTopographic mapDigital terrain modelMap of soil cover

Each region has a certain composition data

region Quba

MAPPING, REGISTRATION AND ACCOUNTING OF THE SOIL WITH THE USE OF GIS TECHNOLOGY

•Will create a database and collected the information it had been used for various spatial analyzes for individual parameters of the terrain, the structure of soil and evaluation of soil resistance to washout. •These indicators are used to making maps with help GIS-technology from the threat of erosion and spatial characteristics of herbaceous formations and arable land in the study area. •A systematic vectorization soil maps as a basic raw material for the evaluation and modeling of erosion.

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Map threat of potential surface water erosion

Azerbaijan formed a unified electronic system, allowing to carry out full monitoring and analysis of the efficiency of agriculture in the country. The system will combine subsystems used in the registration of agricultural producers (farmers), identification of land designated for the conduct of agricultural operations, registration and identification of animals, their health and productivity. It will also include the management and filing of applications for financing agricultural projects, farmers' credit system, as well as leasing operations and registration of agricultural machinery.

IDENTIFICATION OF LAND DESIGNATED FOR THE CONDUCT OF AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS

IMPLEMENTATION OF RESOURCE-SAVING AND SOIL-PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY

•The market conditions for maximum yield is essential respect for the water and soil resources, and the introduction of new progressive technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops.•Currently, the agricultural production in the Republic of Azerbaijan as a priority put forward the introduction of resource-saving, environmentally sound technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops. These are the minimum technology and so-called zero tillage and innovative ways of sowing crops. The use of these technologies in the cultivation of crops makes it possible to significantly reduce energy consumption per unit of production.•Azerbaijan has successfully conducted research on the implementation technology of zero and minimum tillage

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Impact of zero tillage on the productivity of crop rotation (subsequent) in Azerbaijan (2011)

Crops

Урожайность, т/га

Additional harvest, %Winter wheat Maize Winter wheat+

maize

Winter wheat, control 5.37 - 5.37 -

Winter wheat+ maize 5.37 4.90 10.27 91.25


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Tillage systems Corn, t/ha

Soybean, t/ha

Sunflower, t/ha

Tillage 4.87 1.83 2.16

Chisel 4.72 1.89 2.18

No-till 4.82 1.90 2.23

No-till Corn No-till soybean Chisel Sunflower

EFFECT OF TILLAGE ON CROP YIELDS, AZERBAIJAN, 2012


• After completion of the project CA, given the positive results and recommendations of this project, the government began to encourage farmers reseeding implementing this technology in the form of subsidies to AZN 50 per ha.

• In order to disseminate this technology was bought 12 units stubble seeder technology in the country by the Ministry of Agriculture for planting crops (No-Till technology) and now the farmers will be able to rent or buy in leasing for personal use.

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IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

•In recent years, held in order to improve the efficiency of use of agricultural land targeted measures to create new reservoirs and ponds, as well as the strengthening of irrigation systems. In this regard, the country implemented a number of major projects and the infrastructure equipped with modern technological equipment. Ongoing measures necessitate the use of advanced technologies in irrigation and the further expansion of large-scale irrigation systems, increase the interest of entrepreneurs in this area, and investments.

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•JSC "Agroleasing" to provide 40 percent discount on the acquisition in leasing of irrigation systems and equipment.•Starting from April 2016 to 2019, the government plans to upgrade all of the cadastral information on agricultural land for the whole country.•This year with the help of FAO Ministry of Agriculture starts the project "Land Consolidation" in order to analyze the current state of preparation of the national land consolidation strategy, as well as improving the institutional capacity.

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IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF USE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND

The main limitation for the use of sustainable management of soil resources

•On small farms with 1-2 ha of land, the introduction of new advanced irrigation systems (drip and sprinkler irrigation) and alternative technologies become ineffective with agronomic and economic point of view.•Lack of knowledge and skills for the development of new technologies (because of the limitations mentioned above, local residents suffer from a lack of information about new technologies to apply to their activities);•The weak link between science, education and implementation;•Despite good networking advisory centers in the regions (7 Regional Agricultural Information, consultation centers) a low level of human resource capacity hinder the expansion of advisory services for the application of SIRM.•In recent years, the government has stepped up efforts to land consolidation, but, unfortunately, did not have any significant success. Law on Cooperatives is ready, but not yet approved by the government.

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The main strategic directions and priorities in the country

I. Efficient use of natural resources: Research in improving soil fertility, the development of measures to combat erosion and salinity, as well

as the effective management of groundwater; Efficient use of water and land resources in a changing climate; Strengthening institutional capacity for water resource management, and modernization of irrigation

systems management (support for water management associations, public and private services, technical and administrative modernization);

Improved agricultural technologies, the introduction of innovative, resource-saving and environmental technologies in practice;

Land consolidation; Recovery and increase the efficiency of the use of pastures.

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The main strategic directions and priorities in the country

II. Strengthening national programsOrganization of research and effectiveness of implementation;Increasing the level of knowledge of experts in various fields of science;Strengthening the links between science, education and implementation;Creating a network of information and implementation, database management.The need to improve access to and use of appropriate technologies in rural areas

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Thanks for your attention!

sustainable soil management in azerbaijan

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