sustainable solutions (synergies) for large scale...
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EKOS; Sustainable groundwater sol., Sao Paulo 0ctober 20th 2010 1
Marc van Tulder
Sustainable solutions (synergies) for large scale
Groundwater contaminationsLatest developments in groundwater remediation in the Netherlands
EKOS; Sustainable groundwater sol., Sao Paulo 0ctober 20th 2010 2
Large scale groundwater contaminations
A complex issue ?
Contaminação e áreas de restriçãode uso de águasubterrânea no entorno do Canal Jurubatuba emSão Paulo - SP
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Presentation
1. Scope of the large scale contaminatedgroundwater plumes
2. Case ‘Inner city of Utrecht’3. Case ‘City of Apeldoorn’4. Conclusions
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Scope; what is a large scalegroundwater contamination ? 3
1 = source(fixed phase)2 = source(liquid/soluble phase)3 = plume(soluble phase)
1 > 80% load2 small load3 minimal load (< 10%)
1 2
1
3
From above
Cross section
2
surface
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Scope; where and what ?
130 large areas of groundwatercontaminated with chlorinatedsolvents (VOCL) oraromatic compounds (BTEX)
10 – 60/100 depth(m)250 – 3000 m length(m)10 – 500 area(ha)1 – 100 million volume(m3)
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Scope; the complexityof large low load contaminated plumes
- many owners- mingled plumes- conc’s above treshold values- high cost for traditional
remediation- remediation will take
many years
but:- low risk profile- showing some degree of
natural biodegradation
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Result: Stagnation/paralysis
Dutch Soil Protection Law:‘no further spreading allowed’
Any action in groundwater will causefurther spreading >remediation is required
No party will:- invest- develop- remediate
(very costly/open end)
Change is required!
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Two examples of synergies(multiple groundwater usage)(combining interests)
• 130 areas
• Mainly chlorinated
solvents
Utrecht Apeldoorn
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Case 1: Groundwatermanagement in Utrecht
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Area of concern; Central Station Utrecht
Centre
r = ~1,4 km
A = ~ 6 km2
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Groundwatercontamination
Type of contaminants:• ~50 million m3 groundwater• mainly chlorinated solvents• multiple sources and plumes• to great depth (~ 50 m bls)• overlapping plumes• poor delineation, almost impossible to delineate• Impossible to remediate cost-effectivelyGeology:• permeable, deep aquifer• large plumes stretching to the aquitard at 50 m bls
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• Extracting/Circulating/Moving contaminated groundwater• Initiators (builders, developers) have to prevent spreading• Building plans/other developments that use groundwater cease• Several projects delayed, one project cancelled• Severe consequences for the spatial development of the
city
Problem: Stagnation of developments!
source: Rabobank
• Extracting/Circulating/Moving contaminated groundwater• Initiators (builders, developers) have to prevent spreading• Building plans/other developments that use groundwater cease• Several projects delayed, one project cancelled• Severe consequences for the spatial development of the city
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Individual plume approach versusGroundwater management zoning
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The concept: groundwater management zoning
LET GO OF INDIVIDUAL CASES OF CONTAMINATION AND LOOK AT THE BIGGER PICTURE
• Enable efficient use of the subsurface (renewable energy!)• Try to make use of activities to remediate instead of letting projects stagnate!• Conditions:
- Bio degradations keeps track with spreading/velocity- No sensitive/vulnerable use of groundwater nearby (drinking water
pumping station etc.)
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“Open” (groundwater) system: Doublets
Heat cold storage system(lower energy consumption)
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Heat cold storage system
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Sustainability
3,05.300.000570.000Heat cold storage (HCS)
6,02.400.0002.900.000Traditional heating and airco
CO2(ktonnes)
Electricity(kWh)
Gas (m3)
• CO2 reduction of 3,0 ktonnes for heating/cooling
• Extra costs for remediation are very low:
• monitoring
• fall back scenario
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Projected HCS-wells 15-45 m-bgs Vinylchloride at 15-30 m-bgs
Synergy: combine HCS and remediation
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Bio washing machine
Modelling results : VC-Plume at the Layer from 15 to 30 m bgl
Groundwater
Concentration
VC [µg/l]
10005001005010510
15 years (calculated)0 years – Initial Concentration (interpolated) 30 years (calculated)
Half-life time: 20 yearsRetardation: 1,04 [-]
Influence Heat–Cold-StorageSystem
N NN
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Conclusions in Utrecht case
• Road is paved for efficient use and management of groundwater in the Stationsgebied
• The municipality of Utrecht is the first city in the Netherlands to actually bring a groundwater management plan and a zoned groundwater approach from the drawing board into reality
• ARCADIS:- Modelling of contaminant fate with 30 sources, 90 heat cold wells;- Remediation and groundwater management zoning plan- Consulting on policy implementation
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Concept in Utrecht case
Goals of groundwater zoning = CPR- Combine interests and funds
- HCS- Dewatering for construction- Remediation
- Protect the surroundings (outside the zone)- What is clean must stay clean- Have a fallback scenario
- Remediate / removal of load of contaminants
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Zoning of the underground of city of Apeldoorn & Ugchelen combined waterplan (high VOCL)
• Mainly chlorinated solvents to >100 m• Groundwater zoning management
Ugchelen
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VOCL contaminationvarious plumes
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Active strategy by municipalityFocus on ‘plume with high load’Agreement between parties that have groundwater interests in Ugchelen:Industries, Municipality, Province and Water Authority
Synergy by: • Groundwaterquality/remediation• Lowering high groundwater levels• Extraction of process water /cooling• Facilitating Heat Cold Storage• Reactivation of springs/brooklets
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Complex process to come to agreement:Many workshops and bilateral talks !
3 Alternativeseach with a differtent startingpoint:
1.Containment2.Ecological3.Economical
Wide set if criteria:•Decreasecontaminants
•Multiply water use•Reduction of waste and use non renewables
•Reduction of flooding•Nature development•Cost•Aftercare•Risk of failure
Municipalitycreates a company todeliver the energyand water
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Synergy; multiple water usage
Contaminant plume 1
Brooklet Eendrach-spreng
115m3/h
AEP + purification
14-15C Max. 25C
Multiple use of groundwater
115m3/h
Building CAEP industry 14-15C Max. 25C
1. Remediation plume 1
2. Heating and cooling C
3. Process water AEP industries
4. Reactivation of Brooklet Eendrachtspreng
5. Lowering of Groundwater level
Contaminant plume 1
Brooklet Eendrach-spreng
115m3/h
AEP + purification
14-15C Max. 25C
Multiple use of groundwater
115m3/h
Building CAEP industry 14-15C Max. 25C
1. Remediation plume 1
2. Heating and cooling C
3. Process water AEP industries
4. Reactivation of Brooklet Eendrachtspreng
5. Lowering of Groundwater level
Lozing op sprengLozing op spreng
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Conclusions for Ugchelen case
- look and analyse beyond the environmentalscope- try to combine interests in the area- use a broad spectrum of criteria looking for the optimum(economy, environment, people)- Agency or municipality has to take the lead
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ConclusionsLarge scale contaminated groundwater plumes
Options for change:
Groundwater contamination zone management- it facilitates developments- with large groundwater volumes pumpedit becomes a bio washing machine = long term remediation
Multiple groundwater useis a sustainable option forremediation of a largescale plumes
Both options are driven by synergies of remediation with; HCS, dewatering, industrial water supply, rehebilitating the environment/nature.
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Discussion
Concepts for large scale contaminatedgroundwater plumes
- Groundwater contamination management zoning- Multiple groundwater usage
Options for Brazil:
Industry ?Municipality?Evironmental agency?
Who wants to take on the long term responsibility ?