Plan Bleu pour l’environnement et le développement en Méditerranée

Sustainable Tourism

Lucien CHABASON

Quatrième réunion de la commission du développement durable (SUDEV) de l'AR LEM

Bruxelles, le 16 janvier

Key points for tourism in the Mediterranean

Around 280 million international visitors each year

30% of the world’s international tourism

Purveyor of employment and foreign currencies

Highly vulnerable to downturns

40% of touristic arrivals by plane, 52% terrestria l

Seasonal concentration still important

Few development apart from coastal areas

Three specific objectives of the MSSD assigned to the tourism sector

To reduce its adverse territorial and environmental effects

To promote sustainable tourism products and offers, and increase the added value of tourism for local communities

To improve governance for sustainable tourism

Components of Plan Bleu program on tourism

Energy management: air transport and tourism in the Mediterranean

Cruise and yachting in the Mediterranean: facilitie s and infrastructure, pollution and waste

Profiles of sustainability in some Mediterranean to urist destinations

Testing the additional “Tourism” indicators for monitoring the Mediterranean Strategy for Sustainab le Development

Energy management: air transport and tourism in the Mediterranean

Even the most extreme scenario (scenario S4, in which carbon prices are

projected to hit €1000 per tonne) would not lead to sufficient emissions

reductions

Yachting in the Mediterranean

Three issues of the yachting are:

1. Handling the pressure of demand without building new marinas on the Mediterranean’s Northern shores

2. Improving infrastructure endowment to reduce the environmental impacts of yachting

3. Promoting links with the land

Cruise in the Mediterranean

The cruise is generally more economically efficient than tourism but there are

inequalities between national destinations:

-Infrastructural endowment

-Number of ports of departure

Sustainibility profiles: 11 case studies

9

1. The Framework can

define the structure of a

tourist destination

2. Analysis of the

structure influence on

the state of

sustainability of a tourist

destination and on the

action prioritiesCabras

Tipasa

Castelsardo

Tétouan

Rovinj

National clients and

accommodation offers based

on hotels

Presence with or

without

enhancement of

natural and cultural

heritage

Al Alamein

Matrouh City

Siwa Oasis

Torremolinos

Alanya

Jerba

International clients and offers

other than hotels

High valuation of

leisure facilities

Sustainibility profiles: economic & social dimensions

10

•Distribution of the revenue from tourism stays low

•Persistence of social inequalities in employment access

•Overestimated potentiality for job creation

•High seasonality and unsecured employment

Share of GDP reaped by the wealthiest members of Alanya’s population increased from 44.4% of GDP in 1980 to over 56% of GDP in 2009

Matrouh Governorat (2008-2009)

Sustainibility profiles: environmental dimension

11

•Water consumption often exceeds production and supply

capacities

•Energy consumption as an issue for desalination plants

installation/implementation

•Accommodation supply diversification & land saturation

•Urbanization thrust, tourism & waste production

Political dimension

In destinations, the lack of coordination between stakeholders in tourism governance modes can involv e the eviction of a part of stakeholders from decisio n-making processes

Recommendations

1. Reducing its adverse territorial and environmenta l effects

2. Promoting sustainable tourism products and offers , and increasing the added value of tourism for local communities

3. Improving governance for sustainable tourism

1. Reducing its adverse territorial and environmental effects

2. Promoting sustainable tourism products and offers, and increasing the added value of tourism for local communities

3. Improving governance for sustainable tourism