Sustaining Raleigh: Intercity Pop-up Farming

Tips for plant selection and maximizing crop yield

Saturday, April 21, 2012

RALEIGH, NC - 75 CENTS

Raleigh Jurisdiction, Wake Co

Mapping the Urban garden fabric of ITB Raleigh

ITB Raleigh Facts:

Urban Gardens movement: Power of the peoples choice

Solutions to the Food CrisisIs it fesible to produce enough fruits and vegetables within the inner beltline to provide for the nutritional needs of Raleigh’s inner beltline residences?

Population:403,892

Area: 142.8 sqmi

Projected growth: 100ppl/day

Household: 112,608

Avg Household sz: 2.3 persons

Demographics:57.5% White29.3% Black11.3% Hispanic4.3% Asian4.5% Other

(2010 Census)

(2000 Census)

Why should we Farm? To meet our nutritional needs Is it possible to become 100% self susatining? What would it take to meet our nutritional intake provided by a garden?

To contribute towards a local economyWould ITB provide jobs for people in need?

To educate What if agriculture was taught at a younger age or an old age? How would it change agriculture in the future?

And most of all...To change cultural preceptions on Urban Farming

DESIRE

educationhealth

economy

PRACTICE

upkeepyield

distribute

sitingorganizationmanagement

POLITICS

non-profit

legal considerations

profit

zoning

policy and practice

organizedgardens

ITB Raleigh Facts:

Age Distribution:>18: 20.9%18 to 24: 15.9%25 to 44: 36.6%45 to 60: 18.4%

Income:Med. household: $46,612Poverty line: 11.3% of tot. pop.7.4% families

Nutritional Needs:(Servings/household/year)4,380 vegetable 3,285 fruit

Lets take a look at how raleigh would accomplish these goals

Nutritional Daily ValuesServing Size: Adult Male

Amount Per Serving

2200 Calories per day

% Total Nutritional Valueunits in mg

Calcium 1000mg 14% Iron 10mg .12%Magnesium 410mg 4.5%Phosphorous 700mg 3.8%Potassium 2000mg 49.7%Sodium 500mg 36.6%Vitamin A 3.0mg .008%

Vitamin B1 1.2mg .013%

Vitamin B2 1.30mg .014%

Vitamin B6 1.7mg .016%

Vitamin C 60mg .66%

Zinc 15mg .12%

Nutritional Daily ValuesServing Size: Adult Female

Amount Per Serving

2200 Calories per day

% Total Nutritional Valueunits in mg

Calcium 1000mg 14% Iron 15mg .12%Magnesium 410mg 4.5%Phosphorous 700mg 3.8%Potassium 2000mg 49.7%Sodium 500mg 36.6%Vitamin A 2.4mg .008%

Vitamin B1 1.1mg .013%

Vitamin B2 1.1mg .014%

Vitamin B6 1.3mg .016%

Vitamin C 60mg .66%

Zinc 12mg .12%

Zinc 12mg .12%

Nutritional Daily ValuesServing Size: Childern

Amount Per Serving

2200 Calories per day

% Total Nutritional Valueunits in mg

Calcium 900mg 14% Iron 11mg .12%Magnesium 240mg 4.5%Phosphorous 1250mg 3.8%Potassium 2000mg 49.7%Sodium 120mg 36.6%Vitamin A 2.1mg .008%

Vitamin B1 .6mg .013%

Vitamin B2 .6mg .014%

Vitamin B6 1.0mg .016%

Vitamin C 50mg .66%

Zinc 10mg .12%

Vegetables5 servings/day

Vegetables4 servings/day

Vegetables3 servings/day

Fruits4 servings/day

Fruits3 servings/day

Fruits2 servings/day

Whats a serving?

Servings in Raleigh

1/2 bell pepper

5 broccoli

1 med carrot

6 baby carrot

1 cup cooked greens

2 celery stalks

1 yam

1 leaf chard

Nutritional Facts:

Produce crop yeildsDepending on how much space I have what should I garden?

What should we Farm?

Cabbagebroccolibrussels sproutsspinachbush peasbeetsradisheschardcauliflowerlettuceceleryparsleypotatocarrotsonionsgarliccucumbercornzucchinitomatobell peppereggplant

Servings/year per household:

ITB Household: 112,608

4,380 vegetable servings3,285 fruit servings

Cold 1

SeasonCrop Possible Biointensive Yeild- Pounds/100 Sq. Ft.Calories/lb

Cold 2Cold 3

Warm

Hot

10 lbs crop

100 lbs yeild

100 Calories

10 calories/lbideal calorie/yield

based on beginner garden experience

Existing Legislation

Proposed Legislation

Where should we Farm? Close to where we work, live, and learnWhat is the current legislation on gardens within the city?

*Zoning districts that would allow Community Gardens as Principal or General Use

- Agriculture is considered for restricted, accessory use in all zoning excluding A-1, RR, CM, AP, SC, NB, BUS, TD, I-1, I-2- Ordinances restricts gardening to non intensive cultivaltion-Limit operation of sale of produce on site

- Agriculture is considered for principal use in non-residential zoning and conditional use in medium to high density residential- Consider temporary use of city owned undeveloped land and surplus public land for urban gardening

areas of potential

ResidentialCommunityCommercial Research

Argicultural Legal System 2012:

Urban Agriculture & Community Gardens City Developemnt Code

Existing Agriculture & Horiculture districts for Wake County

communitygarden

Inter FaithFood Shuttle

Community Greenshouse

EBT garden programing

Edible Schoolyards

agricultural demostrations Gardened School

lunches

horticultural museums

BackyardPlots

Neighborhood Greenhouses

Dense housing plots

agricultural demonstration

food buying clubs:Farm to Fork

Farmers Markets

U-PickFarms

CSAdrop-sites

U-pick farms

Farmers market

EBT garden programs

CSa

healthy soil and environment

Commercial Agriculture

1503 ppl

It’s a smart investmentCommercial urban agriculture is the production of plants, animals, and fungi for processing, sale, and distribution by a revenue-driven organization in an urban environment

Dorothea Dix FarmsHow many people would be provided for if there was an urban farm on Dorothea Dix Campus?

Other sucessful urban agricultural business models:

Business Model:Dix Farm’s provides for:

Lot Next Door Program, NOLA:Allows vacant lots to the used by neighbors for urban agriculture

The Plant, Chicago Il: Uses advanced growing systems, biogas, and anaerobic disgesters to produce maximum yields that’s distributed to Brewery’s, restaurants, and energy systems

Gotham Greens, Queens, NYC:Roof top greenhouse’s using a hydroponic growing system to produce sales to

retailers and restaurants

400,000 sqft garden spaceTotal ITB:- Market Gardens- Food buying Clubs- CSA- Distribution to restaurants, grocery, food banks

380 sqft would provide for 1 person for 1 year producing during a 6-month growing

Where are the people that Dorothea Dix Farms would provide for?

profits reinvested sustainable economic path

Productivity and environmental sustainability

more food and less land

crop diversity nutritious food smarter kids kids stay in school

healthier more productive people

neighbors accept practices

better farmers

trade crops and services in local markets

create jobs more income

better family nutrition, health, and income

economic properity

Smart agricultural investments

Unit: 1:1 CustomerMini-Garden

communitygarden

Community AgricultureClose to where we liveWhat if I dont have the time or space to provide for myself? How can my community or neighborhood work together to grow for everyones nutritional needs?

Capital Square Gardens: Neighborhood Garden How many people would be provider for if there was an urban farm on Dorothea Dix Campus?

13,066 ppl Community Model:

Capital Sq provides for:

Unit: 1:1 Simple Mini-Garden

- 1,960,000 sqft garden spaceTotal Population:Dwntwn Zoning: High Density R-10-30

150 sqft would provide for 1 person for 1 year producing during a 6-month growing season

maximum city block 1400ft x 1400ft

Other sucessful urban community gardens:Inuvik Community

Greenhouse, Canada:Adaptive re-use of a hockey arena into a greenhouse serving 3700 residence

Artscape Wychwood Barns, Toronto, Cananda: 60,000sqft Event space providing for multi use cultural space with a substantial urban agricultural component

The Science Barge, Yonkers, NY: Experiemental and educational project set on a barge that uses cutting edge techniques to examine the potential food production yields

Pop.: Neighborhood1,793: Oakwood 1,232: Mordecai480: Glenwood112: Madonna Acres387: Windsor Park367: Oakdale 680: Glenwood South68: Blount859: Cameron Park202: North Boylan3,930: King Charles 1,802: Oakwood1,083: College Park114: Lincoln Terrace268: Pinecrest33: Fayettville724: Boylan Heights414: East Gateway221: Joe Louis Park15,449: Total : Vacant lot/City owned

Backyard Plots

Residential AgricultureClose to where we liveHow much can I grow in my back yard depending on my income, family size, and lot size?

Low vs. High Income & Density ResidentialCan I provide for my own family in my own backyard?

Avg. Lot: 40,705 sqftAvg. House: 3,000 sqftAvg Family size: 3.2 ppl

1302 sqft would provide for 4 people for 1 year producing during a 6-month growing season

Other sucessful urban residential agriculture:The Incredible Edible House, Fritz Haeg:Exploring the ideals behind manicured lawns and how new housing patterns within the city require new ideas about how food production may be incorporated within urban residences

The Henside of the Beltline Tour d’ Coop, Raleigh NC:Annual Chicken Coop tour raising non-perishable food and money for Urban Ministries

Toolbox for Sustainable Living, Mathew Moore: publication on how to becoming argiculturally sustainble

Unit: 1:4 Family Food Garden

house looks like this

garden looks like this

Avg.: 3,000 sqft

4-person garden: 1,300 sqft

R Zoning

Boyland Heights Neighborhood South Saunders Neighborhood

R-20-30R-15-20R-10-15

*Density increases as # increases

120,699 ITB Housing

School gardens

agricultural demo

Educational AgricultureSchool Yards as learning environmentsCan we teach our childern how to provide for themselve in another way?

Edible School YardsWhat if agriculture was taught at a younger age? How would it change agriculture in the future?

17 kidsThat’s 1 classroom of knowledge and nutrition!

Educational Model:Avg. School Yard provides for:

- ITB kickballfield: 805,000 sqft -Total childern ITB: 84,413 (20.9% of Raleigh’s Pop. is below the age of 18)Schools in Raleigh:- 104 Elementary- 32 Middle School- 25 High school

- 300 sqft would provide for 1 kid for 1 year producing during a 6-month growing season- 5000 sqft kickball field/school

Unit: 1:1 School Lunch Mini-Garden

Other sucessful urban residential agriculture:The Edible Schoolyard, Brooklyn, New York:School program that challenges the attitudes regarding the provision of food within an urban context

The Edible Campus, Montreal, Canada:Developed innovative methods for gardening in challenging city paces, increased access to healthy food, and reduced food miles.

Public Farm 1 Long Island City, NY:Artistic approach to local food provision

805,000 sqft kickball field

Private SchoolPublic

School

Agricultural InfrastructureIntroducing an Urbanized Garden System for Raleigh NCHow does the existing infrastructure delegate a new proposed agricultural infrastructure?

Existing Agriculture

ProposedAgriculture Zoning

ProposedAgriculture Project

CSA

Farmers Market

Schools

Vacant Open Space

Market Gardens, U-pick

farms, edible schoolyards,

backyard plots, HR opportunity

garden

City owned Open Space

High density Residential

High-med density Residential

Medium density Residential