Aabiri [from Ara cabara] = cross, travel v.abudu [from Ara cabada] = worship v.acha [Her yaha, Kon lasa, Sot lahla, Ven lata, Zul lahla, from PBan *dac-] = leave v.achama [Bem asama, Gan asama, Kik athania, Ven atama, Xho akhama, PBan *jacam-]

= open mouth v.ada [from Ara ada] = performance; care; feeadabu [from Ara adab] = mannersadha [from Ara adha] = annoyanceadhana [from Ara adhan] = call to prayeradhuhuri [from Ara al dhuhr] = the middayadili [from Ara cadil] = just adj.adui [from Ara cadw] = enemyafa [from Ara afa] = calamityafu [from Ara cafw] = amnesty; deliveranceafya [from Ara cafya] = healthafyuni [from Ara afyun from Gre opion] = opiumaga [Her raya, Kon ilaga, San laga, Sot laya, Ven laya, Zul laya, from PBan *dag-] =

leave, abandon v.agana [Gan lagaana, Mwe lagana, from PBan *dagaan-] = agree v.agiza [Gan lagira, from PBan *dagid-] = order, direct, admonish v.agua [Gan lagula, Kik ragura, from PBan *dagud-] = divine, charm v.ahadi [from Ara cahd] = accord, contractahera [from Ara akhira] = next worldahidi [Arab ahada] = promise v.ahsante [from Ara ahsanta] = well done, bravoaibu [from Ara cayb] = disgraceajabu [from Ara cajab] = wonderajali [from Ara ajal] = fateajili [from Ara ajli] = sakeajiri [from Ara ajara] = rent, hire v.ajizi [from Ara cajz] = weaknessaka [Bem mwaka, Kik aka, Sot aga (ngwaga), Tsw aga, Zul akha, from PBan *jak-] =

build, work as mason v.ake [Benda akwe, Kik ake, Ven we, Zul khe, from Ban] = hisakili [from Ara caql] = mind, senseala [from Ara ala] = toolalama [from Ara calama] = mark, signalasiri [from Ara al casr] = the afternoonalfajiri [from Ara al fajr] = the daybreakalhamisi [Kik aramithi from Ban from Ara al khamisi 'the fifth'] = Thursdayalika [from PBan *dad-] = crack v.alika [from PBan *daadik-] = invite v.allah [from Ara allah] = godalmasi [Kik aramathi from Ban from Ara almas from Gre adamas] = diamondamali [from Ara camal] = action

amana [from Ara amana] = pledgeamani [from Ara aman] = peaceamara [from Ara amr] = businessamba [see ambia] = that, whoamba [from PBan *jamb-] = slander, abuse v.ambia [Bem amba, Lub amba, Ven amba, Zul amba, from PBan *gamb-] = speak, tell v.ambua [Gan ambulula, Zul ambula, from PBan *jambud-] = peel off v.ambukiza [from PBan *jambukid-] = spread, infect v.amini [from Ara] = believe v.amka [Kik ramuka, from PBan *damuk-] = get up, wake v.amri [from Ara] = commandamua [Che lamula, Gan lamula, from PBan *damud-] = arbitrate, judge v.amwa [Lub amua, Ven damu, from PBan *jamu-] = suckle v.andama [Dua anda, Her randa, Lin landa, Sot latela, Zul landa, from PBan *dand-] =

follow v.andika [Gan wandika, Kik andika, Mwe andika, Rwa andika, from PBan *jandik-] =

write v.anga [see angaa; Zul langa] = sky, light n.angaa [Lub anga, from PBan *dangad-] = shine, light; open; clear v.angalia [from PBan *dangadi-] = look, care, pay attention v.angavu [see angaa] = shining, light, clear adj.angika [from PBan *jangik-] = hang up v.anika [Bem anika, Gan anika, Her nyaneka, Kik anika, Kon anika, Lub anika, Mwe

anikila, San yanika, Sot anega, Ven enetshedza, from PBan *janik-] = spread, put out to dry v.

anua [see anika; Ven anea] = take in from rain v.anwani [from Ara cunwan] = title, addressanza [Lub anza, Mwe andya, from PBan *jand(i)-] = begin v.apa [Bem lapa, from PBan *dap-] = swear v.arabuni [from Ara carabun] = deposit, guaranteeardhi [from Ara ardh] = soil, groundarifu [from Ara carafa] = inform v.aroba [from Ara arbac] = fourarobaini [from Ara arbacin] = fortyarusi [from Ara carusi] = weddingasali [from Ara casal] = honeyasante [see ahsante; Bem santi] = thanksashiki [from Ara cashq] = desireashiria [from Ara ashara] = give a sign v.asili [from Ara asl] = originaskari [Kik muthigari from Ban from Ara caskar from Lat exercitus] = soldieraskofu [Kik muthikabu from Ban from Ara askuf from Gre episkopos] = bishopasubuhi [from Ara al subh] = the morningathari [from Ara athar] = mark, blemishaula [from Ara awla] = firstauni [from Ara cawn] = help

awali [from Ara awwal] = firstaya [from Ara aya] = verseazali [from Ara azali] = eternalazima [Bem ashima, Sot adima, Tsw adima, Ven adzima, from PBan *jadim-] = borrow

v.azima [from Ara cazima] = talismanazizi [from Ara caziz] = valued, dear

Bbaa [see balaa] = calamitybaa [from Eng] = bar n.baada [from Ara bacad] = afterbaadhi [from Ara bacadhi] = somebaba [Kik baba, Mwe vava, Sho baba, Ven baba, Zul baba, from PBan *baba] = fatherbadala [from Ara badal] = substitutebafta [from Ara bafta from Per] = calicobahari [from Ara bahr] = seabahasha [Gan basa, Kik mbahaca, Rwa bahasha] = envelopebahati [Mwe bahati from Per bakht] = luckbahili [from Ara bakhil] = miserbaina [from Ara bayn] = betweenbakshishi [from Ara baqshish from Per] = tipbakuli [Kik mbakuri, Mwe ibakuli, Rwa bakure] = bowl, dish, basinbalaa [from Ara bala] = calamitybalehe [from Ara balagha] = reach (puberty) v.balozi [Kik baruthi from Per balyuz] = consul; ambassador; governorbalungi [from Per] = pomelobamba [Zul bamba, from PBan *bamb-] = hold v.banda [Kik kibanda from Gre mandra from Skt manda] = shed, barnbandari [from Ara bandar from Per] = portbandika [from PBan *bandik-] = stick v.bandua [from PBan *bandud-] = strip, tear v.bangi [Kik bangi, Sot patshe, Ven mbanzhe from Hin bhang] = hempbarabara [Lin balabala, Mwe ibalabala from Per] = road, highwaybarafu [from Per barf] = icebaraka [from Ara baraka] = blessingbaraza [Lin barza, mbalasa, Lub balasa, from Ban] = verandabaridi [from Ara barid] = coldbarua [Kik marua, Rwa baruwa, from Ban] = letter, notebaruti [Bem maluti, Kik mbaruti from Ban from Ara barut from Gre pyrotes] =

gunpowderbashiri [from Ara bashara] = bring news v.basi [Che basi, Kik mbathi, Zul bhasi from Ban from Eng] = busbastola [Kik mbathitora from Ban from Por pistola] = pistolbata [Bem ibata, Kik mbata, Lin libata, Lub bata, Mwe mbata, Rwa bata from Ban from

Ara bat] = duckbati [Bem mbata, Kik ibati, Mwe ibati, from Ban] = tin (sheets for roof)

batili [from Ara batal] = void adj.bawa [Fan fap, Lub papa, puapua, Rwa baba, Umb vava, Ven lufhafha, from PBan

*papa] = wingbawabu [from Ara bawwab] = doorkeeperbaya [Mwe vaya, from Ban] = badbeba [Sot pepa, Ven beba, Zul beba, from PBan *beb-] = carry child v.bega [Bem kubeya, Che phewa, Gan bega, Lub veka, Mwe ivega, Nya phewa, from

PBan *bega] = shoulderbei [Kik mbei from Ban] = price, costbem [from PBan *bemb-] = entice, seduce v.bendera [Che mbendera, Kik mbendera, Rwa bendera from Ban from Por] = flag,

bannerbenki [Kik bengi from Ban from Eng] = bankbeteri [Kik mbeteri from Ban from Eng] = batterybiashara [Kik ubiacara from Ban from Ara] = commercebibi [Kik bibi from Ban] = ladybichi [Bem bishi, Kik ithi, Lub bishi, Mwe visi, Rwa bisi, Sho mbishi, Sot lebese, Ven

vhisi, Zul bisi, from PBan *bici] = raw, unripebiga [Fan vii, from PBan *bega] = pot (earthenware beer-pot)bikari [from Ara birkar from Per pirkar] = compassbikira [Rwa bikira from Ban from Ara bikr] = virginbila [from Ara bila] = withoutbilauri [Gan rawuli, Kik mbirauri, Lub laudi, Rwa rahuri from Ban from Ara billur from

Gre beryllion] = crystal, glassbilingani [Che biringanya, Gan biringanya from Ban from Ara badhinjan from Per] =

eggplantbin [from Ara bin] = sonbinti [from Ara bint] = daughterbirika [Kik mbirika from Ban from Ara birka] = pond; kettlebivu [Kik iru, Ven vhibva, from PBan *bidu] = ripebizari [from Ara bizr] = seed, corn (of pepper etc.)blanketi [Bem bulangeti, Kik murengeti from Ban from Eng] = blanketblausi [Kik kaburauthi from Ban from Eng] = blouseboga [Rwa boga, from PBan *boga] = pumpkinboma [Kik mboma, from Ban] = fortbomba [Kik mbomba from Por] = pumpbomoa [from PBan *bomud-] = break v.bonde [Rwa bande, Sangu band-, from PBan *banda] = valleybovu [Bem bola, Kik oru, Lub bola, Mwe vola, from PBan *bod-] = rotten v.bubu [Mwe mumu, from PBan *bubu] = dumbbuibui [Bem bube, Kik mbumbui, Sot bobi, Tsw bobi, Ven buvhi, from PBan *buibui or

*bubi] = spiderbuluu [Gan bbululu, Kik bururu, Mwe vululu, Rwa ruru, Sho bhuruu from Ban from

Eng] = bluebumba [see umba; Bem ibumba, Kik kiumbwa] = lump, cluster, swarmbunduki [Lin bondoki from Ban from Ara bunduq from Gre pontikos] = gun, rifle

bungu [Sot seboko, Ven luvhungu, vungu, Zul bungu, from PBan *bungu] = insect (boring)

buni [Kik mbuni from Ban from Ara bunn from Eth] = coffee beansbuni [from Ara bana] = build; invent v.burashi [Kik mburaci, Zul bhulashi from Ban from Eng] = brushbusara [from Ara basira] = prudencebustani [from Ara bustan from Per] = gardenbusu [from Ara basa] = kiss v.buu [see bungu] = grub, maggotbuyu [from PBan *pudo] = calabashbwana [Kik bwana from either Per ban or rather Ara abuna 'our father'] = master

Ccha [Bem ca, Gan kya, Her tkha, Kik kia, Kon khya, San kha, Sot masa, Ven tsha, Zul

hla, sa, from PBan *ke(a)] = dawn v.chacha [from PBan *cac-] = ferment, go sour v.chache [from PBan *keekee] = fewchagua [Che sankhula, Her hora, Kon sagula, Lub sungula, Mwe sagula, San hagula,

Sot hlaola, Ven taula, from PBan *caagud-] = pick, choose v.chai [Gan cayi, Kik cai, Rwa ayi from Ban from Ara shay from Chi] = teachakula [see la 'eat'; Bem cakulya, Che chakudya, Nya chakudya] = foodchambo [Ven vhuanzwo, from PBan *jambo] = baitchana [Kik canura, Lin sanola, from PBan *can-] = comb v.chandalua [Bem candaluwa, from Ban] = mosquito netchanga [Bem sanga, Dua sanga, Gan sanga, Her hanga, Kon sangana, Lub sangana,

Mwe sanga, Sot hlakanya, Ven tangana, Zul hlangana, hlangabeza, from PBan *cang-] = collect, assemble v.

changamka [from PBan *cangamuk-] = pleased, cheerful v.changanya [see changa] = mix v.chanuo [see chana; Kik gicanuro] = comb n.chapa [Kik caba from Ban from Hin chap] = print n.chatu [Bem lusato, Mwe nsato, Sot hlware, Tsw tlhware, Ven tharu, Xho tlwathi, Zul

hlathu, from PBan *cato] = pythonchecha [from PBan *ceec-] = cut (into small pieces) v.cheche [Bem lusase, Mwe isasi, Sot hlase, Ven thase, from PBan *cece] = sparkcheka [Bem seka, Gan seka, Her nyeka, Kik theka, Kon seka, Lin seka, Lub seka, Mwe

seka, Nya seka, Rwa seka, San hekha, Sho seka, Sot sega, Tsw tshega, Ven sea, Zul hleka, from PBan *cek-] = laugh v.

chekecha [from PBan *cec-] = sift v.cheki [Kik ceki from Ban from Eng] = chequechelewa [see cha; Gan ceerewa] = late v.chemua [Bem tesemuna, Gan asimula, Sot ethimola, Xho thimla, Zul ethimula, Ven

atsamula, from PBan *tiemud-] = sneeze v.cheo [from PBan *jedo] = rank, measurecheti [from Eng from Hin citthi] = chit, note n.chemka [Gan camuka, Kik camukia, from PBan *camuk-] = boil, bubble v.cherehani [Kik cerehani] = sewing machine

cheza [Bem cila, Kik cetha, from PBan *jida] = play, dance v.chimba [Bem imba, Gan simba, Kik cimba, Mwe simba, Sot epa, Zul mba, from PBan

*cimb-] = dig, hoe v.chindi [Ven tshisindi, from PBan *cindi] = squirrelchini [see nchi and ni 'place'] = belowchinja [Bem cinja, Kik thinja, Zul hlinza, from PBan *cenj-] = slaughter v.chocha [Ven toda, tota, Sot hlotla, Zul hlohla, from PBan *cooc-] = prod, probe v.choka [Zul shuka, from PBan *cok-] = tire out v.chokaa [Kik cokaa from Ban from Eng] = chalk, limechokoa [Gan sokola, Sot hlogo, Ven thoho, Xho hloko, tloko, Zul hloko, from PBan

*cokuud-] = pull out, pick out, poke out v.choma [Bem soma, Sot hloma, Ven toma, Zul hloma, from PBan *com-] = pierce, stab,

prick v.chombo [from PBan *jombo] = boat, vesselchomoa [Ven tomola, from PBan *comud-] = draw out, pull out, poke out v.chonga [Dua songa, Her honga, Kon songa, from PBan *cong-] = cut (into shape),

carve, pare, sharpen v.chongoa [Gan songola, from PBan *congud-] = cut to point, sharpen v.choo [Kik kioro] = faeces; lavatory, urinal, cesspitchoroa [Kik coroa] = oryxchovya [Kik coria, from PBan *dub-] = dip v.chubua [from PBan *cub-] = graze, rub v.chuguu [Nwezi gulu, from PBan *gudu] = ant-hill, ant-heapchui [Dua ndyo, Her ongwe, Lin nkoi, Mwe suvi, Sot nkwe, Umb ngue, nzhui, Ven

nngwe, Zul ngwe, from PBan *cubi] = leopardchuja [Sot hlotla, Ven tuda, Zul hluza, from PBan *cuuj-] = filter v.chukia [from PBan *cok-] = dislike v.chuma [Gan kyuma, Mwe chuma, Nko ekyoma, Rwa ichyuma, Sangu ishoma, from

PBan *cuma] = ironchuma [from PBan *cum-] = earn, gain, trade, buy food v.chumba [see nyumba; Kik kanyumba, Mwe chumba, Rwa umba] = roomchumvi [Kik cumbi] = saltchuna [from PBan *cun-] = skin, take off v.chunga [from PBan *cung-] = look after, shepherd v.chunga [Kik cunga, Kon sungula, Mwe yunga, Zul hlunga, from PBan *cung-] = sift v.chungu [Zul hlungu, from PBan *cungu] = bitter, painfulchungu [Bem nongo, Dua wongo, Her onyungu, Mwe nungu, Ven dzungu, Zul ngungu,

from PBan *jungu] = potchupa [Gan cupa, Her onjupa, Kik cuba, Lub supa, Mwe suha, Rwa cupa, from PBan

*cupa] = jar, bottlechura [Bem cula, Che chule, Kik kiura, Mwe chula, Nya chule, Sot tlola, Ven dula, Zul

dlula, from PBan *juda] = frogchwa [Kik thua, Zul hlwa, from PBan *co] = set (sun) v.

Ddaawa [from Ara dacwa] = lawsuitdada [Zul dade] = sister

daftari [from Ara daftar from Per] = account-book, registerdafina [from Ara dafina] = treasuredai [from Ara daca] = claimdaima [from Ara daim] = always, constantly, continuingdakika [Gan dakika, Kik ndagika, Rwa dakika from Ban from Ara daqiqa] = minutedaktari [Bem ndokotala, Kik ndagitari, Zul dokotela from Ban from Eng] = doctordalali [from Ara dallal] = brokerdalasini [from Ara dar al sini] = cinnamondalili [from Ara dalil] = signdamu [from Ara dam] = blooddaraja [from Ara daraja] = stepsdarasa [from Ara dars] = class, lessondari [from Per] = ceilingdarubini [Kik ndarubini, Rwa durubindi from Ban from Ara darbin from Per durbin] =

telescopedau [from Ara dhaw] = dhowdawa [Kik ndawa from Ban from Ara dawa] = medicine, drugdebe [Bem itepe, Mwe idebe from Hin] = tin, candengu [Kik ndengu] = lentilsdeni [from Ara dain] = debtdereva [Gan dereva, Kik ndereba from Ban from Eng] = driverdesturi [from Ara dastur from Per] = customdhabihu [from Ara dhabh] = sacrificedhahabu [Gan zabu, Kik thahabu, Mwe zahabu from Ban from Ara dhahab] = golddhahiri [from Ara dhahir] = evidentdhaifu [from Ara dhacif] = weakdhakari [from Ara dhakar] = penisdhalimu [from Ara dhalim] = unjustdhamana [from Ara dhamana] = suretydhambi [from Ara dhanb] = sindhamiri [from Ara dhamir] = consciencedhara [from Ara dharra] = harmdhihaka [from Ara dhahika] = ridiculedhiki [from Ara dhayq] = distressdhili [from Ara dhalla] = humiliate v.dhoruba [from Ara dharb] = blow n.dia [from Ara diya] = ransomdibaji [from Ara dibaja] = prefacedidimia [from PBan *didimid-] = sink v.dini [Kik ndini from Ban from Ara din] = religiondira [Kik ndira from Per daira from Ban from Ara daira 'circle'] = compassdirisha [Kik ndirica, Lub didisha, Mwe indilisha, Rwa dirishya from Per dariche] =

windowdivai [Bem ndifai, Kik ndibei, Sot tsefa, Ven difha] = winediwani [from Ara diwan from Per] = counsillordobi [Kik ndubi from Hin dobi] = washerman

dogo [from PBan *dodo] = smalldola [from Ara dawla] = governmentdoria [from Ara dawriya] = patroldua [from Ara duca] = prayerduara [from Ara dawra] = circledubu [Kik ndubu from Ban from Ara dubb] = bear n.dudu [from Ara dud] = wormduka [Gan duka, Kik nduka, Mwe duka from Ban from Ara dukkan] = shopduni [from Ara duna] = low, inferiordunia [from Ara dunya] = worlddutu [Mwe duta] = wart, pimple

Eeda [from Ara cidda] = counting; days of mourningedashara [from Ara wahda cashara] = elevenegama [from PBan *yegam-] = lean v.ekundu [Zul nsundu, from PBan *kundu] = redelea [Her yera, yerekera, Kon ela, gela, Mwe ela, San jela, Sot seetsa, eletsa, Umb yela,

from PBan *jed-] = clear v.elea [Bem elela, Kik reria, Mwe elela, from PBan *ded-] = float v.eleka [Her vereka, Sot belega, Zul beleka, from PBan *bedik-] = carry v.eleza [see elea] = clarify, explain v.elfu [from Ara alf] = thousandelimu [from Ara cilm] = knowledgeema [Kikerebe zima, from PBan *juam-] = good v.embe [Bem iyembe, Kik riembe, Gan yembe, from PBan *jembe] = mangoenda [Bem enda, Che yenda, Dua enda, Gan genda, Her yenda, Kik genda, Kon enda,

Lub enda, Nya yenda, Rwa genda, San jenda, Sho enda, Sot eta, Umb enda, Ven enda, Zul enda, from PBan *jend-] = go, travel, fare v.

enea [from PBan *jan(i)-] = spread v.engua [Bem vengula, Kik engura, Lub engula, Mwe engula, Zul engula, from PBan

*jengud-] = skim v.enu [Bem -enu, Lub enu, from PBan *nu] = yourenye [see mwenye; Ven -ne] = havingenyewe [see mwenye] = selfepa [from PBan *jep-] = avoid v.erevu [see eleza] = cunningetu [Bem esu, Kik itu, Lub etu] = oureupe [see elea 'clear'; Mwe pe, Ven tshena] = whiteeusi [Kik iru, from PBan *jidu] = black

Ffa [Bem fwa, Gan fwa, Kik kua, Kon fwa, Lin kufa, Lub fua, Mwe fa, Rwa gupfa, San

fwa, Sho fa, Sot hwa, Tsw swa, Umb fa, Ven fa, ifa, Zul fa, from PBan *ku-] = die v.faa [see nafuu] = useful v.fadhaa [from Ara fadhaca] = disgust, dismayfadhili [from Ara fadhl] = favour, kindness

fagia [Bem pyanga, Her pyanga, Kon phyagila, Mwe pyagula, San fyajila, Sot swiela, Tsw feela, Ven swiela, from PBan *piagid-] = sweep v.

fahali [from Ara fahl] = stallion, bullfahamu [from Ara fahama] = understand v.fahari [from Ara fakhar] = honour, splendourfaharisi [from Ara fihris from Per fehrest] = indexfaida [from Ara fayda] = profitfaini [Kik baini from Ban from Eng] = fine n.fali [from Ara fal] = good omenfanana [Dua wana, Her sana, Kik huana, Kon fwana, Lub fuana, San khwana, Sot Tsw,

Tsw tshwana, Zul fana, from PBan *puan-] = resemble v.fanusi [from Ara fanus from Gre] = lanternfaradhi [from Ara faridha] = duty, obligationfaragha [from Ara faragh] = leisure; seclusionfaraja [from Ara faraj] = joy; consolationfaraka [from Ara firqa] = party, divisionfaranga [from Por franga from Ara farruj] = chickenfarasi [Lin farasa, Gan balasi, Kik mbarathi, Mwe falasi from Ban from Ara faras] =

horsefarisi [from Ara faris] = hero; expertfaru [see kifaru; Kik kibaru] = tank, armored carfasaha [from Ara fasaha] = eloquencefasiki [from Ara fasiq] = immoral personfasiri [from Ara fasara] = interpret v.fataki [Per fesh-feshak] = rocket, firecrackerfatiha [from Ara fatih] = opening prayerfaulu [from Ara fala] = have good omen, succeed v.fedha [Gan ffeza from Ban from Ara fidha] = silverfedheha [from Ara fadhiha] = shamefeleji [Kik muberethi from Per puladh] = steel; pipefeli [from Ara ficl] = act n.ficha [Bem fisa, Kik hitha, Kon fisa, Mwe visa, San fiha, Sot fihla, Tsw fitlha, Ven

swita, Xho fihla, Zul fihla, sisa, from PBan *pic-] = hide v.fidhuli [from Ara fudhuli] = curious, insolentfidia [from Ara fidya] = ransomfigo [Bem lufyo, Che impsyo, Gan sigo, Her osyoti, Kik higo, Kon ulufigo, Lub fio,

Mwe mfigo, Rwa pyiko, Sho itsvo, Sot pshio, Tsw philo, Ven tswio, Xho tso, Zul nso, from PBan *pigo] = kidney

fika [Bem fika, Che fika, Her seka, Kon fika, Lub fika, Mwe shika, Nya fika, San fikha, Sot fihla, Ven swika, Zul fika, from PBan *pik-] = arrive v.

fikara [from Ara fikr] = thoughtfikicha [see pekecha] = rub v.filimbi [Kik thirimbi, Lub fidimbi] = whistle n.filisi [from Ara falasa] = bankrupt v.fimbo [from PBan *pimbo] = cane, stickfinga [Zul finga, from PBan *ping-] = protect by charms v.

finya [Zul finyela, from PBan *pini-] = pinch, squeeze v.fisadi [from Ara fasid] = corrupt personfisi [Kik hiti, Mwe mbiti, Sot phiri, Tsw phiri, Xho pisi, Zul phisi, from PBan *piti] =

hyenafisidi [from Ara fasada] = corrupt v.fitina [from Ara fitna] = discordfoka [from Ara faqa] = burst v.forodha [from Ara furdha; see faradhi] = duty, customfua [Bem fula, Dua lule, Her tura, Kik tura, Lub fula, Mwe sula, Rwa cura, Sot rula

(mothudi, morudi), Tsw mothudi, Ven fula, from PBan *tud-] = work (iron), forge, smith v.

fua [see fua; Kik hura] = wash clothes v.fuga [Kon funga, Sot rua, Ven fuwa, Zul fuya, from PBan *cung-] = tend, keep (cattle)

v.fukara [from Ara faqir] = poor personfukia [Bem fukila, Gan oteza, Lub fuka, from PBan *jokid-] = smoke v.fuko [from PBan *puko] = dig n.fuko [see fuko 'dig'; Bem mfuko, Kik huko, Ven pfuko] = molefukua [Lub fukula, Rwa pfukura, from PBan *pukud-] = dig up, dig out, uncover v.fukuto [Zul juluka, from PBan *duku] = sweat n.fulana [Kik burana from Ban from Eng] = flannel, vest, cardiganfulani [from Ara fulan] = so and sofuma [Fan tsim, Kik tuma, Lub fuma, Sot ruma, from PBan *tum-] = sew, knit, weave v.fumba [Bem fumbata, Kik humba, Kon fumba, Sot hupara, Zul fumbatha, from PBan

*kumb-] = close, cover v.fumbata [see fumba] = grasp v.funda [Zul funda, from PBan *kund-] = gulp v.funda [Bem funda, Kon funda, San funda, Sot ithuta (ruta), Ven funza, Zul funda, from

PBan *tund-] = teach, instruct v.fundi [see funda; Kik bundi] = craftsman, artisanfundika [see kifundo; Gan fundika, Kik kundika] = make a knot v.fundo [Bem cifundo, Kik ikundo, Mwe igundo, Sot lehuto, Ven pfundo, Zul findo, from

PBan *kundo] = knotfunga [Dua longa, Her tunga, Kik hinga, Kon thunga, Lin funga, Mwe tunga, Rwa

funga, Sot roka, Ven runga, Zul thunga, funga, from PBan *tung-] = tie, close, fasten, sew, string v.

fungate [from PBan *pungati] = seven; a seven-day periodfungo [Bem mfungo, from PBan *tungo] = civetfungua [Kik hingura, Lin fungola, from PBan *tungud-] = untie, open v.funika [Kik kunika, from PBan *kunik-] = cover v.funua [Kik kunura, from PBan *kunud-] = uncover v.fupi [Bem ipi, Kik kuhi, Lub ipi, Mwe guhi, San fupi, Sot khutso-, Ven pfufhi, Zul

fuphi, from PBan *kupi] = short, lowfuraha [from Ara farha] = joyfuta [Bem futa, Kik hura, Mwe futa, Ven huta, from PBan *kut-] = wipe, scour v.futa [see vuta; Dua kulumane, Kik ruta, Sot khuruma] = unsheathe v.

fuzi [Fan tsil, from PBan *tudi] = shoulderfyonza [from PBan *piont-] = suck v.

Ggamba [from PBan *gamba] = bark, scale, scabganda [Bem nkanda, Ven ganda, from PBan *kanda] = shell, skin, peelganda [from PBan *gand-] = coagulate v.ganga [Bem nganga, Dua bwanga, Gan ganga, Her onganga, Kon unganga, Lin

monganga, Lub nganga, Mwe ganga, Rwa ganga, Sot ngaka, Tsw ngaka, Umb ganga, Ven nanga, Zul anga, nyanga, from PBan *gang-] = heal, treat v.

gao [from PBan *gado] = handfulgari [Che gali, Gan gali, Kik ngari, Lub kalu, Nya gali, Rwa gari from Hin gari] = cart,

vehiclegati [from Hin ghat] = landing gategauni [Zul gawuni from Ban from Eng] = gowngawa [Dua aba, Fan koo, Kik gaya, Kon yava, Mwe gava, Sho gova, Sot aba, Ven avha,

Zul aba, from PBan *gab-] = divide, share v.gazeti [Rwa gazeti from Eng from Fre gazette] = magazinegego [Kik igego, Rwa jigo, Ven dzeu, from PBan *gego] = tooth, molargereji [Kik ngereci from Ban from Eng] = garagegereza [Rwa gereza from Por igreja 'church' from Gre ekklesia] = prisongeuka [Kik garika, from PBan *gaduk-] = turn v.geuza [Kik gariura, Mwe galula, from PBan *gadud-] = turn v.ghadabu [from Ara ghadhab] = angerghafula [from Ara ghafla] = careless; suddenlyghairi [from Ara ghayr] = beyond, withoutghali [from Ara ghali] = expensiveghamu [from Ara ghamm] = griefgharama [Kik ngarama from Ban from Ara gharama] = cost, expensegharika [from Ara ghariqa 'sink v.'] = floodghofira [from Ara ghafra] = pardon, absolutiongiza [from PBan *jidia] = dark n.gogo [Kik mugogo, from PBan *gogo] = loggololi [from Per gulule] = marblesgoma [from PBan *gom-] = strike, revolt v.gomba [from PBan *jomb-] = contradict, quarrel v.goti [Sot khuru] = kneegudi [from Hin godi] = dock n.gugumiza [from PBan *gugumid-] = stammer v.guguna [Mwe gegena, Tsw kokona, from PBan *gugun-] = gnaw v.gumba [Bem ngumba, Lub kumba, Mwe gumba, Sot moopa, Ven nyumba, Zul nyumba,

from PBan *gumba] = sterile, barrengumu [Bem uma, Gan guma, Kik umu, Kon uma, San yuma, Sho oma, Sot oma, Ven

oma, Zul oma, from PBan *gum-] = hard, solidguna [from PBan *gun-] = rumble, grunt v.gunia [Kik mgunia from Hin gona] = sackgushu [Kik ngucu, from Ban] = vulture

Hhabari [from Ara khabar] = newshabeshi [from Ara habashi] = Ethiopianhadaa [from Ara khadca] = trick, cheat v.hadhari [from Ara hadhar] = cautionhadithi [from Ara hadith] = news, storyhafifu [from Ara khafif] = light, easyhai [from Ara hayy] = alivehaiba [from Ara hayba] = noble bearinghaja [from Ara haja] = need, requesthaji [from Ara hajj] = pilgrimagehaki [from Ara haqq] = justice, lawhakika [from Ara haqiqa] = truthhakimu [from Ara hakim] = judge, ruler, governorhalaiki [from Ara halq] = people, crowdhalali [from Ara halal] = lawfulhali [from Ara hal] = state, positionhalifu [from Ara khalafa] = disobey, rebel v.hamaki [from Ara hamaqa] = angry v.hamali [from Ara hammal] = porterhamamu [from Ara hammam] = hot bathhamira [from Ara khamir] = dough, yeasthamsini [from Ara khamsin] = fiftyhandaki [from Ara khandaq from Per] = trenchhapa [see pa 'on'; Kik haha] = herehara [from Ara kharia] = empty (bowels) v.haraka [from Ara haraka] = move v.haramia [from Ara haramiya] = banditharamu [from Ara haram] = unlawfulharara [from Ara harara] = heat, feverhari [from Ara harr] = heatharibu [from Ara kharaba] = ruin, destroy v.hariri [Kik hariri from Ban from Ara harir] = silkharufu [from Ara hirif] = pungenthasa [from Ara khass] = specialhasara [Kik athara from Ara khasara] = loss, damagehata [from Ara hata] = untilhatamu [from Ara khitam] = bridlehatari [from Ara khatar] = dangerhatia [from Ara khata] = sin, guilthatima [from Ara khatm] = end n.hawa [from Ara hawa] = desirehaya [from Ara haya] = shame, modestyhayawani [from Ara haywan] = animalhazina [from Ara khazna] = treasuryhedaya [from Ara hadia] = gift

hedhi [from Ara haydh] = menstruationhekalu [Kik hekaru, Rwa hekaru from Ban from Ara haykal] = statue, temple,

synagoguehekaya [from Ara hikaya] = story, legendhekima [from Ara hikma] = wisdomhema [Kik hema from Ban from Ara khayma] = tentheri [from Ara khayr] = goodness, benefitherufi [from Ara harf] = sign, character, letterhesabu [Kik ithabu from Ban from Ara hisab] = account, numberhewa [from Ara hawa] = airhiari [from Ara khiyar] = choice, optionhidi [from Ara hada] = guide, convert v.hifadhi [from Ara hafidha] = protect v.himaya [from Ara himaya] = protectionhimidi [from Ara hamida] = praise v.hirizi [from Ara hirz] = amulethisa [from Ara hisa] = share n.hizi [from Ara khizi] = shame, disgracehofu [from Ara khawf] = fear n.hoja [from Ara hujja] = disputehoma [Kik homa, Mwe homa from Ban from Ara humma] = feverhospitali [Kik thibitari from Ban from Eng] = hospitalhotuba [from Ara khutba] = sermonhuba [from Ara hubb] = love n.hudhuri [from Ara hudhur] = presencehuduma [from Ara khidma] = servicehukumu [from Ara hukm] = order, judgementhulka [from Ara khulq] = character, naturehuluku [from Ara khalaqa] = create v.huru [from Ara hurr] = freehusudu [from Ara hasad] = envyhususa [from Ara khususi] = specialhuzuni [from Ara huzn] = grief

Iiba [Bem iba, Che ba, Dua iba, Fan zii, Gan bba, Kik iya, Kon iva, Lin yiba, Lub iba,

Mwe iva, Nya ba, Sho ba, Sot utswa, Tsw utswa, Ven tswa, Xho ba, Zul eba, from PBan *jib-] = steal v.

ibada [from Ara cibada] = service, worship n.ibilisi [from Ara iblis] = devilidadi [from Ara cadad] = numberidara [from Ara idara] = direction, administrationidhini [from Ara idhn] = permissionidi [from Ara cid] = festivaliga [Sangu yik-, from PBan *jig-] = imitate v.ijara [from Ara ijara] = hire, rent, wagesijumaa [Kik njumaa from Ban from Ara jumca] = Friday

iktisadi [from Ara iqtisad] = economyilani [from Ara iclan] = announcementimamu [from Ara imam] = priestimani [from Ara iman] = faithimba [Bem imba, Che yimba, Gan yimba, Her yimba, Kon imba, Lin yemba, Lub imba,

Mwe imba, Nya yimba, Rwa ririmba, San lujimbo, Sho imba, Sot opela, Tsw opela, Umb imba, Xho ombela, from PBan *jimb-] = sing v.

imla [from Ara imla] = spellinginama [Bem inama, Gan vunama, Kik inama, Lub inama, Mwe inama, Sot inama, from

PBan *jinam-] = bow, bend, stoop, lean v.inchi [Kik inji from Ban from Eng] = inchingi [Bem ingi, Gan nji, Her ingi, Kik ingi, Kon ingi, Lin mingi, Lub ngi, Nko ingi,

Mwe ingi, Rwa nshi, San inji, Sho zhinji, Sot ntsi, Tsw ntsi, Ven nzhi, Xho ninzi, Zul ningi, from PBan *jingi] = much, many

ingia [Bem ingila, Dua ingea, Gan yingira, Kik ingira, Kon ingila, Lin yingela, Mwe ingila, Sot tsena, tsenya, Tsw tsena, Ven dzhena, Zul ngena, from PBan *jingid-] = enter v.

ini [Kik ini, Rugungu inihi] = innards; liverinjili [from Ara injil from Gre evangelion] = gospelinjini [Bem ingini, Sho injini, Zul injini from Ban from Eng] = engineinuka [Bem inuka, Xho nyuka, Zul enyuka, from PBan *jinuk-] = rise v.inzi [Bem lunshi, Dua ngingi, Her onde, Kik ngi, Lub njiji, Mwe isazi, Sho nhunzi, Sot

ntshi, Tsw ntsi, Umb nyi, from PBan *gi] = fly n.isha [Che tha, from PBan *cid-] = finish v.ishara [from Ara ishara] = signalishi [from Ara casha] = live v.ishirini [from Ara cishrina] = twentyislamu [from Ara islam] = Islamita [Bem ita, Che itana, Gan yita, Kik ita, Lub ita, Mwe itana, Rwa ita, Zul etha, from

PBan *jit-] = call v.itika [Dua alabe, Gan yitaba, Her itavera, Kik itika, Kon ithika, Lub itaba, San yithikha,

Sot araba, Tsw araba, Ven aravha, from PBan *jitik-] = answer (when called) v.iva [Lub boba, from PBan *bob-] = ripe v.

Jja [Dua ya, Gan jja, Her ya, Kon isa, Lin ya, Mwe iza, Rwa za, San yinza, Sho uya, Sot

ya, Tsw ya, Umb eya, Ven da, Zul ya, from PBan *jija] = come v.jaa [Sho zara, Sot tlala (letlala), Ven dala (daladala), Zul zala, from PBan *jaad-] = be

full v.jabali [from Ara jabal 'mountain'] = rocky prominencejadili [from Ara jadala] = argue v.jahazi [from Ara jihaz] = equipment, device; shipjaji [Kik njanji from Ban from Eng] = judge n.jalidi [from Ara jild] = leather; book cover; volumejamaa [from Ara jamaca] = people, crowd; public, community, familyjamala [from Ara jamal] = beauty; courtesyjambo [Fan am, from PBan *jambo] = affair, thing

jamhuri [from Ara jumhuri] = republicjamii [from Ara jamica] = society, group, club, union, partyjamvi [Kik gicambi] = matjana [from PBan *jana] = yesterdayjani [see majani] = leaf n.jaribu [from Ara jarraba] = test, try, examine v.jasho [from PBan *doko] = sweat n.jasiri [from Ara jasur] = bold, daringjasisi [from Ara jasus] = spyjawabu [from Ara jawab] = reply, answer, responsejehanum [from Ara jahannam] = helljela [Kik njera from Ban from Eng] = jailjemadari [from Ara jamacadar] = officerjembe [Kik icembe, Mwe igembe, Sot selepe, letshepe, Ven dzembe, Xho zembe, Zul

lembe, zembe, from PBan *jembe] = hoe n.jeneza [from Ara jinaza] = corpse; burial; bierjenga [Mwe zenga, from PBan *jeng-] = build v.jeraha [from Ara jarh] = injury, woundjeshi [from Ara jaysh] = armyjibini [Kik njibini from Ban from Ara jubn] = cheesejicho [Bem linso, Che diso, Dua diso, Fan ir, Gan iso, Her eho, Kik ritho, Lin liso, Lub

so, Mwe liso, Rwa jisho, San liho, Sho ziso, Sot leihlo, Umb so, Ven ito, Xho so, Zul iso, from PBan *jico] = eye

jifya [Kik higa, Lub pia, Mwe figa, Ven tswia, from PBan *piga] = cooking-stonejike [see mke] = female animaljiko [Bem ishiko, Kik riko, Lub diko, Mwe liko, Rwa ziko, Zul ziko, from PBan *jiko]

= hearth, fireplace, stovejikoni [see iko and ni 'place'] = kitchenjina [Bem ishina, Dua dina, Gan innya, Her ena, Lub dina, Mwe lina, Nya dzina, Rwa

zina, Sot leina, Ven dzina, from PBan *jina] = namejini [from Ara jinn] = geniejinsi [from Ara jins from Gre genos] = kind, sort; howjino [Bem lino, Gan innyo, Her eyo, Kon ilino, Lin lino, Lub dino, Mwe lino, Rwa inyo,

Sho bata, Sot leino, Tsw leino, Ven ino, Zul zinyo, from PBan *jino] = toothjitu [see mtu] = giantjiwe [Bem ibwe, Her ewe, Kon ilivwe, Lub bue, Mwe iwe, Rwa buye, Sot lebje, Umb

eve, Ven ive, Xho tye, Zul tshe, from PBan *bue] = stonejohari [from Ara jawhar] = essence; jeweljoka [see nyoka] = snakejoko [see jiko] = kilnjongoo [Bem ciyongolo, Zul shongololo, from PBan *jongodo] = millipedejoto [see ota] = fire, heatjozi [from Ara jawz from Gre zeugon] = pairjua [Bem ishiba, Che dziwa, Kon isi, Lin yeba, Sho ziva, Sot tseba, Ven divha, Zul azi,

from PBan *jijib-] = know v.

jua [Bem kasuba, Dua loba, Her eyuva, Kik riua, Kon ilisuva, Lub diba, Mwe lyuva, Rwa zuba, San lijuva, Sho zuva, Ven duvha, from PBan *juba] = sun

juhudi [from Ara jahd] = effort; zealjuma [see ijumaa] = weekjumamosi [see juma and moja] = Saturdayjumanne [see juma and nne; Kik njumanne] = Tuesdayjumapili [see juma and mbili; Kik njumambiri] = Sundayjumatano [see juma and tano; Kik njumatano] = Wednesdayjumatatu [see juma and tatu; Kik njumatatu] = Mondayjumba [see nyumba] = large housejumla [from Ara jumla] = sum, total; sentencejuu [Bem mulu, Kik iguru, Lub diulu (peulu), Rwa juru (hejuru), Sot tletlolo, Ven dulu

(tadulu), Zul zulu (phezulu) , from PBan *gudu] = top, sky, upside, above

Kkaa [Bem ikala, Che khala, Dua ja, Her kara, Kik ikara, Lin zala, Lub kala, Sho gara,

Sot sala, Umb sala, Ven sala, Zul sala, hlala, from PBan *jikad-] = sit, remain v.kaa [Lub kala, Mwe mhala, Zul ngala, from PBan *kada] = crabkaa [Dua dikala-, Her ekara, Kon ingala-, Lin makala, Lub kala, Mwe makala, Rwa

kara, Sot legala, magala, Ven sala, from PBan *kada] = charcoal, coal, emberkaanga [Bem kanga, Dua anga, Fan kang, Kik karanga, Kon khasinga, Lin kalanga,

Mwe kalanga, Rwa karanga, Sho kanga, Sot gadika, Ven hadzinga, Zul gazinga, from PBan *kang- and *kadang-] = fry v.

kabati [Bem kabati, Kik kabati, Lub kapati, Rwa kabati, Zul khabhathi from Ban from Eng] = cupboard

kabila [Mwe kabila from Ban from Ara] = tribekabili [from Ara qabila] = facekabla [from Ara qabl] = before, earlierkaburi [Mwe kavuli from Ban from Ara qabr] = grave n.kadha [from Ara kadha] = so, so and sokadhi [from Ara qadhi] = judge, magistratekadiri [from Ara qadr] = amount, quantity; value; honorkafara [from Ara kaffara] = repentance; sacrificekafi [Bem nkafi, Fan kap, from PBan *kapi] = paddlekafiri [from Ara kafir] = infidel, unbelieverkaga [from PBan *kag-] = protect by charms v.kahaba [from Ara qahba] = prostitutekahawa [Kik kahawa from Ban from Ara qahwa] = coffeekaimu [from Ara qaym-maqam] = representative, agentkalamu [Kik karamu, Rwa karamu from Ban from Ara qalam from Gre kalamos] = pen,

pencilkale [Bem kale, Lin kala, Lub kale, Mwe kale, from PBan *kade] = old timeskali [Bem kali, Kon khali, San khalala, Sot gale, Ven muhali, Zul khali, from PBan

*kadi] = fierce, sharp, severekama [Bem kama, Che kama, Gan kama, Her kama, Kik kama, Kon khama, Nya kama,

San khama, Sot gama, Ven ama, hama, Zul khama, from PBan *kam-] = squeeze out, milk v.

kamari [from Ara qumar] = gamblingkamata [from PBan *kamat- from Ara qamata] = tie up; seize v.kamba [?] = ropekambi [Kik kambi, Sho kamba, from PBan *kambi] = camp n.kamili [from Ara kamil] = perfectkamua [Gan kamula, from PBan *kamud-] = squeeze v.kamusi [from Ara qamus from Gre okeanos 'ocean (of words)'] = dictionarykana [Bem kana, Che kana, Her kana-, Kik kaana, Kon khana, Mwe kana, Rwa hana,

San khana, Sot gana, Ven hana, from PBan *kaan-] = deny, rebuke; refuse v.kanda [Bem kanda, Her kanda, Kik kanda, Mwe konda, Sot gata, Zul khanda, from

PBan *kand-] = knead v.kando [Rwa kandi] = besidekanga [Bem ikanga, Dua kang, Her onganga, Kik nganga, Kon ilikhanga, Mwe mhanga,

San likhanga, Sot kgaka, Umb kanga, Ven khanga, from PBan *kanga] = guinea-fowlkanisa [Kik kanitha from Ban from Ara kanisa] = church; synagoguekano [Kik ikano] = sinewkanu [from PBan *kanu] = martenkanuni [from Ara qanun from Gre kanon] = law, rule; principlekanyaga [from PBan *kaany-] = trample v.kao [see kaa 'sit'] = dwelling n.kaputula [Bem kaputula, Che kabudula, Lub kaputula, Nya kabudula, Rwa kabutura] =

shortskarafuu [from Ara qaramfil from Gre karyophyllon] = cloves; carnationkaraha [from Ara karh] = disgust, detestationkarama [from Ara karama] = generositykaranga [Kik ngaranga, Lin nkalanga, Mwe lukalanga, from PBan *kadanga] =

groundnutkarani [Gan kalani, Kik karani] = clerkkarata [Bem kalata, Kik karata from Por carta from Gre khartes] = cardkaratasi [Kik iratathi from Ban from Ara qartas from Gre khartes] = paperkaribu [from Ara qarib] = nearkarimu [from Ara karim] = noble, generouskariri [from Ara karara] = repeat, recitekarne [from Ara qarn] = horn; centurykasha [from Por caixa] = chest, boxkasi [from Ara qasi] = hard, forcefulkasidi [from Ara qasdi] = intentionallykasiri [from Ara qasr 'failure' or kasr 'breach'] = angerkasisi [Kik mugathithi from Ban from Ara qisis] = priestkaskazi [from Ara] = north monsoonkaskazini [see kaskazi and ni 'place'; Kik gathigathini] = northkasuku [Kik gathuku, from PBan *cuku] = parrotkaswende [from PBan *cuende] = syphiliskata [Lin kata from Ban from Ara qataca] = cutkataa [from Ara qatci] = decisive, final

kati [Bem kati, Gan wakati, Her opokati, Kik gatagati, Kon phakhathi, Lin kati, Mwe mgati, Rwa hagati, Sho mukati, Sot bogare, Tsw gare, bogare, Ven vhukati, Zul phakathi, from PBan *kati] = middle

katibu [from Ara katib] = scribe, clerk, secretarykauka [see kavu] = dry v.kauli [from Ara qawl] = word, speech, opinion; promisekavu [Her kahe, Kon khafu, Lin koka, Mwe kazu, Sot gahla, from PBan *kadu] = dry

adj.kawaida [see kiada] = custom, habitkaya [Zul khaya, from PBan *kaaja] = villagekaza [Fan see, from PBan *cad-] = work, exert; emphasize v.kazi [see kaza; Fan see, Lub kazi, Sangu salu] = work n.kefu [see kifu] = sufficiencykenda [Kik kenda, Mwe kenda, Rwa cyenda, from PBan *kenda] = ninekengele [Bem nyenjele, Kik ngengere, Lub ngengele, Mwe hengele, from PBan

*kengede] = bellkesho [Bem lucelo, from PBan *keido] = morning; tomorrowkesi [Mwe kesi, Zul khesi from Ban from Eng] = casekiada [see ada] = with carekianga [see anga] = sunshinekiangazi [see kianga] = hot season, summerkiapo [see apa; Bem mulapo] = oathkiarabu [from Ara carab] = Arabickiasi [see risasi] = ammunition; amountkiatu [Bem ndyato, Kik kiratu, Lub lato, Mwe kilatu, from PBan *datu] = shoe, sandalkiazi [Kik ngwaci, Rwa rayi] = potatokibali [from Ara qabul] = acceptance, favor, receptionkibanzi [Sangu pasi, Ven fhanza, from PBan *pace] = splinterkiberiti [Bem cibiliti, Gan biriti, Kik kibiriti, Rwa briti from Ban from Ara kibrit] =

sulphur; matcheskiboko [Che bhoko, Nya bhoko] = hippopotamuskiburi [from Ara kibr] = pride, arrogancekichaa [Bem bushilu, Mwe sala, from PBan *cada] = insanitykichaka [Kik githaka, Ven daka, from PBan *caka] = bush, copsekicheko [see cheka; Bem nseko, Kik mitheko, Ven maseo, tsetshwa] = laughterkichwa [Bem mutwe, Che mutu, Fan lo, Gan twe, Kik mutwe, Lub twe, Nko omutwe,

Mwe mtwe, Rwa twe, from PBan *tue] = headkidau [from Ara dawa] = inkpotkidevu [Bem kalefulefu, mwefu, Dua maselu, Gan levu, Her oruyezu, Kik kireru, Kon

indefu, Lin ndefu, Mwe kilezu, Sho kidevu, Sot seledu (leledu), Ven tshitefu, Zul levu, devu, from PBan *dedu] = chin

kidole [?] = finger, toekidonda [Bem cilonda, Kik kironda, Mwe ilonda, Ven tshilonda, Zul londa, from PBan

*donda] = wound, ulcer, sore; painkifaranga [see faranga] = chickenkifaru [?] = rhinoceros

kifo [see fa; Bem mfwa, Kik gikuu, Lub fu, Mwe lufu, Sho rufu, Ven lufu, Zul fa] = death

kifu [from Ara kaf] = sufficiencykifua [Bem cifuba, Che chifuwa, Gan fuba, Her suva, Mwe kikuva, Sot sehuba, Zul

fuba, from PBan *kuba] = chest, bosomkifundo [see fundo] = knotkifungo [see funga; Bem cifungo] = prisonkifuniko [see funika; Kik gikuniko, Lub finiko, Rwa funiko] = cover, lid n.kiga [from PBan *jiga] = thigh (of killed animal)kigego [see gego] = child with large molars; bad omenkigingi [Kik gikingi] = pegkigwe [Che chingwe] = stringkiingereza [Kik kingeretha from Por ingles from Ban from Eng] = English (language)kiini [see ini] = corekiinimacho [see kiini and macho] = jugglerykijicho [see jicho] = jealousy, envykijiji [see mji] = villagekijiko [see mwiko; Kik giciko] = teaspoonkikapu [Kik gikabu, Mwe kigapu, Rwa kapu] = basketkikoa [see koa] = teamkikombe [see kombe] = cupkikosi [see kosi] = troopkila [Bem cila, Mwe kila] = everykilele [from Ara qulla] = peak, tipkilemba [Kik kiremba, Lin elamba, Ven tshilemba, from PBan *demba] = turban, clothkileo [see lewa] = intoxicant, alcoholkilima [see mlima; Kik kirima] = hillkilimo [see lima; Bem bulimi, Ven tshilimo, Zul limo] = hoeing season; agriculturekilindi [see lindi] = deep waterkilio [see lia; Benda cililo, malilo, Kik kiriro, Ven malila, tshililo, Zul lilo] = mourningkima [Dua kema, Her onjima, Kik ngima, Umb sima, from PBan *kima] = monkeykimbia [from PBan *kimbid-] = run v.kimo [Bem cimo, from PBan *jimo] = heightkinanda [Bem cinanda, Kik kinanda] = stringed instrument, piano, harpkinara [see nuru] = candlestickkinga [Bem cinga, Mwe kinga, from PBan *king-] = bar, obstruct; protect v.kingama [Ven tshingama, from PBan *kingam-] = lie across v.kinu [Her otshinu, Lub nu, from PBan *nu] = mortarkinyesi [see nya 'defecate'] = excrementkinyo [see nya 'defecate'] = anuskinyozi [see nyoa; Gan nyozi] = barberkinywa [Bem kanwa, Fan ou, Gan mwa, Kik kanua, Lub mwa, Nko akanwa, Rwa nwa,

from PBan *nua] = mouthkinywaji [see nywa; Bem cakunwa, Kik unyuo, Ven tshinwiwa] = drink n.kioo [see ola; Bem cilola, mulolani, Kik kiroro] = looking glass, mirrorkipande [see pande] = piece

kipawa [see pa; Bem bupe, Kik kiheo, Lub pi, Ven mpho, tshifhiwa, Zul pho] = giftkipawa [Lub pawa, from PBan *pawa] = ladlekipeo [Zul phelo, from PBan *pedo] = summit, endkipimo [see pima; Bem cipimo, Lub pimo, Rwa pimo, Ven phimo] = measure n.kipindi [Kik hindi, from PBan *pindi] = time, periodkiriba [from Ara qirba] = water-skinkirihi [from Ara kariha] = detest, abhorkirimu [from Ara karuma] = generous v.kisa [from Ara qisa] = storykisasi [from Ara qisas] = revengekisima [Bem cishima, Dua musima, Her omusema, Kam kidima, Kik githima, Lin

etima, Sho tsime, Ven tshisima, from PBan *tima] = well n.kisiwa [Sho chitsuwa] = islandkisu [Her oruvyo, Kik ruhiu, Mwe lushu, Sho chisvo, from Ban] = knife, bladekisua [from Ara kiswa] = covering; clothes, garmentkitabu [Bem citabo, Lub tabo, Rwa tabo from Ban from Ara kitab] = bookkitambaa [see tambaa; Kik gitambaya] = handkerchiefkitanda [see tanda; Bem butanda, Gan tanda, Kik gitanda, Lin etanda, Lub tanda, Rwa

tanda] = bedkitani [Kik gatani from Ban from Ara katan] = linenkithiri [from Ara kathira] = increasekiti [Kik giti, Lin kiti, Lub kici] = chairkitovu [Bem mutoto, from PBan *todu] = navelkitoweo [see towea] = side dishkitu [Bem cintu, Che chinthu, Gan ntu, Kik kindu, Lub ntu, Mwe kinhu, Sho chinhu, Sot

ntho, Xho to, Zul thomuntu, from PBan *ntu] = thing, articlekitunguu [Gan katungulu, Kik gitunguru, Lin lituagulu, Lub tungulu, Mwe kitungulu,

Rwa tunguru] = onionkituo [see tua; Lub tulo, Rwa turo] = resting (place), pausekiume [see mume 'husband'; Kik ndume, Ven tshilume] = malekiungo [see unga; Zul lungu] = jointkiungulia [see ungulia; Kik kirungurira] = heartburn n.kiuno [Rwa buno, Ven vunu, mavhunu, Zul bunu, from PBan *buno] = waist, loinkivuli [see vuli] = shadowkiwanja [Bem Lubnsa, Kik kiwanja, from PBan *banja] = courtyard, plot (of ground)kiwele [see mbele] = udderkiyama [from Ara qiyama] = resurrectionkiyoga [Bem mowa, Che bowa, Lub owa, from PBan *joga] = mushroomkizazi [see zaa; Kik ruciaro] = generationkizibo [see ziba; Kik githibo] = stopper, plugkizio [see zia] = hemispherekizunguzungu [see zunguka; Ven dzungu] = dizzinesskoa [?] = beltkobe [Lin nkoba] = tortoisekodi [Kik igoti] = tax n.kofi [Bem ikofi, Kik ruhi, Kon ilikhofi, Sot legofe, from PBan *kopi] = palm (of hand)

kofia [Gan kufira, Kik ngubia, Mwe ngofila, Rwa gofero from Ban from Ara kufiya] = hat, head covering

kohoa [Bem kola, Dua osea, Gan kolola, Her korora, Kik korora, Kon khoso-, Lin kosola, Lub kosola, Mwe kolola, Rwa korora, Sangu kosul-, Sho -kosoro, Sot gohlola, Umb kusola, Ven hotola, Zul khohlela, from PBan *kocud-] = cough v.

kojoa [Gan kojoba, from PBan *kojud-] = urinate v.kokoleka [from PBan *kokudik-] = cackle v.kokota [Her koka, Lub koka, Sot goga, Ven hoha, Xho khoka, Zul khokha, from PBan

*kok-] = draw, pull v.koma [Mwe koma, from PBan *kom-] = stop v.komba [Dua ombo, Her komba, Sot gopa, Zul khombe, from PBan *komb-] = hollow

out, scoop v.kombe [see komba; Bem cikombe, Che khombe, Kik gikombe, Kon ingombe, Rwa

kombe, Sot kgopa, Ven khumba, Xho kumba, Zul khombe] = seashell; spoon, bowl, dish; cup, mug

kombora [from Ara qunbura] = shell, grenade, bombkonda [Bem onda, from PBan *kond-] = thin v.kon [Kik ngundi, from PBan *kon] = fistkondoo [from PBan *kondodo] = sheepkonga [from PBan *kong-] = old v.kongoja [from PBan *kongoj-] = hobble, walk feebly v.kongoni [Sot kgokong, Ven khongoni, Zul nkonkoni, from PBan *kongoni] = antelope,

hartebeestkonokono [?] = snailkonzi [see kon] = fist, handfulkoo [Bem cikolo, Sho huro, Ven mukulo, from PBan *kodo] = throatkopa [Bem kopa, Mwe gopa, from PBan *kop-] = borrow v.kope [Bem lukopyo, Her umukova, Zul khophe, from PBan *kope] = eyelashkopo [Bem cikopo, Lub kopo, Mwe igopo, Rwa kopo] = tin, can, mugkorija [from Hin kori] = scorekoroga [Gan kologa, Sot hudua, from Ban] = stir v.koroma [Mwe koloma, from Ban] = snore v.korongo [Lub ngulungu, Zul nkolongwane, from PBan *kudungu] = roan antelopekorongo [Bem ikolongo, from Ban] = heron, cranekorti [Bem koti, Kik igoti, Rwa koti from Ban from Eng] = courtkosa [Kik gotha, from Ban] = err v.kosa [see kosa; Mwe ikosa, from Ban] = mistakekosi [Kik igoti, from PBan *koti] = napekoti [Gan koti, Kik igoti, Lub koti from Ban from Eng] = coatkovu [from PBan *kodo] = scarkua [Bem kula, Dua kola, Gan kula, Her kura, Kik kura, Kon khula, Mwe kula, Rwa

kura, San kula, Sot gola, Ven hula, Zul khula, from PBan *kud-] = grow v.kuba [from Ara qubba] = domekubali [from Ara qabila] = accept, agree v.kubwa [see kuu] = greatkufuli [Kik kuburi from Ban from Ara qufl] = padlock

kufuru [from Ara kafara] = blaspheme v.kuhani [from Ara kahin from Heb kohen] = priestkuku [Bem nkoko, Che nkhuku, Kik nguku, Kon inguku, Lin nsoso, Mwe ngoko, Nya

nkhuku, Rwa koko, San inhuku, Sho huku, Sot kgogo, Tsw kgogo, Ven khuhu, Xho kuku, Zul khuku, from PBan *kuku] = fowl, hen

kulabu [from Ara qullab] = hookkule [see le 'that'; Umb kulo] = therekumbatia [see fumba 'close'; Kik kumbata, Mwe kumbatila, Sho gumbata] = embrace,

hold; grasp, seize v.kumbuka [Kon khumbuka, San kumbula, Sot gopola, Ven humbula, Zul khumbula,

from PBan *kumbuk-] = remember, recollect v.kumi [Bem ikumi, Dua dom, Gan kkumi, Kik ikumi, Lin zomi, Lub kumi, Mwe ikumi,

Nya khumi, Rwa cumi, San khumi, Sho gumi, Sot lesome, Tsw some, Umb kunyi, Ven fumi, Zul shumi, from PBan *kumi] = ten

kuna [Bem kuno, Lin kuna, Umb kuna] = there iskunde [Lin nkunde, Umb kondi, from PBan *kunde] = beanskundi [Kik gakundi] = groupkundu [from PBan *kondo] = anuskunguni [Kik ngunguni, from PBan *kunguni] = bugkunguru [Her ekwara, Kon ilikhungulu, Sot legokobu (legukubu), Ven funguvhu, Zul

hlungulu, from PBan *kunguudu] = crowkuni [Bem lukuni, Che nkhuni, Her orokune, Lin nkoni, Lub kuni, Nya nkhuni, Sho

huni, Sot dikgong, Ven khuni, Zul khuni, from PBan *kuni] = firewoodkunja [Kik kunja, from PBan *konj-] = fold v.kunjua [Kik kunjura, from PBan *konjud-] = unfold, unroll v.kupe [Bem lukufu, Her ongupa, Kik nguha, Kon inguphi, Sot kgofa, Tsw kgofa, Umb

hopio, Zul khuphe, from PBan *kupa] = tick n.kura [from Ara qurca] = lot, ballotkuru [from PBan *kudo] = antelope, waterbuckkusi [?] = south monsoonkusini [see kusi and ni 'place'; Kik guthini] = southkusudi [from Ara qasd] = intention; suicidekuta [Kik kora, Lin kuta, from PBan *kod-] = find v.kutega [see mtego] = trap n.kutana [see kuta; Kik korana; Lin kutana] = meet v.kutu [from PBan *kutu] = rustkuu [Bem kulu, Her kuru, Kik kuru, Kon khulu-, Lub kulu, Nko kuru, Sot golo, kgolo,

Umb holo, Ven hulu, Zul khulu, from PBan *kudu] = big, great; oldkuume [see mume] = right sidekuyu [Bem mukunyu, Kik nguyu, Ven fuyu, Zul khiwane, from PBan *kuju] = wild figkwaa [Kik gua, Lin kwa] = stumble, fall v.kwanza [see anza; Mwe kwandya] = firstkwapa [Bem kwapa, Lub apa, kyapa, Mwe apa, Rwa aha, Sot lehwafa, lekgwafi, Tsw

legwafa, Ven bwapwa, gopwa, Zul khwapha, from PBan *japa and *kapua] = armpitkware [Bem nkwale, Fan kpal, Kik ngware, Lin ekwae, Lub kuadi, Sot kgwale, Xho

kwali, Zul khwali, from PBan *kuade] = partridge

kwasi [Umb kuasi] = richkwea [Sho kwira, Ven hwela, Zul khwela, from PBan *koid-] = climb, mount v.kweli [Umb tyiri] = true

Lla [from Ara la] = nola [Bem lya, Che dya, Dua da, Fan dzi, Gan lya, Her ria, Kik ria, Kon lia, Lin lia, Lub

dia, Mwe lya, Nya dya, Rwa rya, San lia, Sho dya, Sot ja, Tsw ja, Umb ria, Ven la, Zul dla, from PBan *di-] = eat v.

laana [from Ara lacna] = curseladha [from Ara lidha] = joy, pleasure; flavor, tastelaini [from Ara layn] = soft, smoothlala [Bem lala, Gan laala, Her rara, Kon lala, Lin lala, Lub lala, Mwe lala, Sho rara, Sot

lala, Zul lala, from PBan *daad-] = sleep v.lamba [Kik ramba, Mwe lamba, Sot latswa, Zul lamba, from PBan *damb-] = lick v.lami [Kik rami] = tarlanda [from PBan *dand-] = follow v.lango [see mlango] = gatelaumu [from Ara lama] = blamelawama [from Ara lawma] = blamelazima [from Ara lazim] = necessaryle [Umb lo (palo), Zul le] = thatlea [Kik rera, Lub lela, Mwe lela, Ven lela, Zul leleza, from PBan *ded-] = bring up v.lemaa [Bem lema, Gan lemala, Mwe lemala, Sho -rema, Zul lima, from PBan *dem-] =

cripple v.leo [Bem lelo, Gan lero, Lin lelo, Lub lelo, Mwe lelo, Nya lero, from PBan *deedo] =

todayleseni [Kik ritheni from Ban from Eng] = licenceleso [from Por lenco from Lat linteum] = handkerchiefleta [Bem leta, Gan leeta, Her eta, Kik reha, Mwe leta, Tsw lere, Ven ndere, Zul letha,

from PBan *deet-] = bring v.lewa [Kik riu, from PBan *deb-] = drunk v.lia [Bem lila, Dua eya, Fan yi, Gan lira, Her rira, Kik rira, Kon lila, Lin lela, Lub dila,

Mwe lila, Rwa rira, San lila, Sot lla, Tsw lela, Umb lila, rira, Ven lila, Zul lila, from PBan *did-] = weep, cry v.

licha [see likiza] = let alone, not onlylikiza [Bem leka, Che leka, Dua dia, Gan leka, Her yeka, Kik reka, Kon leka, Lin leka,

Lub leka, Mwe leka, Rwa reka, San lekha, Sot lesa, Ven litsha, Zul yeka, from PBan *dek-] = let, leave v.

lima [Bem lima, Che lima, Gan lima, Her rima, Kik rima, Kon lima, Lub dima, Mwe lima, San lima, Sho rima, Sot lema, Ven lima, Zul lima, dima, from PBan *dim-] = plough, cultivate v.

limbuka [from PBan *dimbud-] = eat first crop v.linda [Bem linda, Dua endea, Gan linda, Kon linda, Mwe linda, San linda, Sot leta, Ven

linda, Zul linda, from PBan *dind-] = guard, protect, watch, wait v.lindi [from PBan *dindi] = pit, (cess-) pool

linga [Bem linga, Kon linganya, Mwe lenganila, Sot leka, Ven lingana, Zul linga, from PBan *ding-] = equal, compare v.

lini [see ni 'what': Kik ri, Ven lini] = whenlipa [Bem lipa, Kik riha, Mwe lipa, Rwa liha, Sot lefa, Ven lifha, from PBan *dip-] =

pay v.loga [Bem lowa, Gan loga, Her rova, Kik roga, Kon loga, Mwe loga, Sot loya, Ven

lowa, Zul loya, from PBan *dog-] = bewitch, spell v.lori [Kik rori from Ban from Eng] = lorrylowa [from PBan *dob-] = wet, drenched v.lowesha [from PBan *dobik-] = soak v.lozi [Kik ndothi from Ban from Ara lawz] = almondslugha [from Ara lugha] = language, dialect; vocabularylulu [Kik ruru from Ban from Ara lulu] = pearl

Mmaadamu [from Ara madam] = whilemaakuli [from Ara makul] = food; dietmaana [from Ara macna] = meaningmaarufu [from Ara macruf; see arifu] = well-knownmacho [see jicho] = eyesmachozi [Dua misodi, Her omahoze, Kon ilisosi, Lub sonji, Mwe lwisozi, Sho musodzi,

Ven ndodzi, from PBan *jicodi] = tear n.madhabu [from Ara madhbah; see dhabihu] = altarmadhara [from Ara madharra; see dhara] = harm, damagemadhehebu [from Ara madhhab]= religion, denominationmadhubuti [from Ara madhbut] = secured; firm, reliablemadhumuni [from Ara madhmun] = sense, content, intentmadini [from Ara macdan] = mine; mineral, metalmafunda [see funda; Ven pfunzo, Zul fundiso] = teach, instruct v.mafuta [Bem mafuta, Gan futa, Kik maguta, Kon amafutha, Kua makura, Lin mafuta,

Lub futa, Mwe maguta, Rwa vuta, San mafutha, Sho mafuta, Sot makhura, Tsw mafura, Ven mapfura, Zul futha, from PBan *kuta] = fat, oil, grease, petrol

mafya [see jifya; Ven maswia] = cooking-stonesmagadi [Kik magati] = sodamagharibi [from Ara maghrib] = west, sunset, eveningmahabusi [from Ara mahbus] = arrested; prisonermahali [from Ara mahall] = placemaharagwe [Mwe mahalage] = beansmahari [from Ara mahr] = marriage paymentmaiti [from Ara mayt] = dead; corpsemajani [Bem cani, Sot bjang, Tsw bojang, Ven hatsi, Xho tyani, Zul ani, tshani, from

PBan *jani] = grassmaji [Bem menshi, Che madzi, Kam manzi, Kik mai, Kon amesi, Lin mai, Lub mayi,

Mwe minzi, Nya madzi, Rwa azi, Sot meetse, Tsw metsi, Ven madi, Zul nzi, from PBan *jiji] = water

majivu [Gan vu, Kik muhu, mbuu, Mwe mavu, Rwa ivu, Simbete ribu, from PBan *jibu] = ash

majusi [from Ara majus from Gre magos] = magician, astrologermakaa [see kaa; Kik makara] = charcoalmakala [from Ara maqala] = articemaktaba [from Ara maktaba; see kitabu] = librarymakuruhi [from Ara makruh] = detestable, offensivemalaika [Bem malaika, Kik muraika, Rwa malayika from Ban from Ara malayka] =

angelsmalaya [Kik maraya] = prostitutemali [from Ara mal] = property, wealthmalipo [see lipa; Bem malipilo, Ven mulifho] = pay n.maliza [Her mana, Kon mala, Mwe mala, from PBan *mad-] = finish v.malkia [from Ara malika] = queenmama [Lin mama, Sot mma, mme, Umb mame, Ven mme, Xho ma, Zul mame] =

mothermamba [Bem mamba, Mwe mamba, Zul mamba, from PBan *bamba] = crocodilemambo [see jambo] = thingsmamlaka [from Ara mamlaka] = realm, kingdom; country; authoritymandari [from Ara] = picnicmandhari [from Ara mandhar] = look, viewmanowari [Kik manuwari from Ban from Eng] = man-of-war, battleship, warshipmanza [from Ara munazaca] = litigationmanzili [from Ara manzil] = halting place, apartment; stage, state of lifemara [from Ara marra] = timesmaradhi [from Ara maradh] = disease, illnessmarasharasha [see rasha] = spray n.marashi [see rasha; Kik maraci, Lin malasi] = perfume, scentmarehemu [from Ara marhum; see rehema] = deceasedmarhamu [from Ara marham] = ointmentmarijani [from Ara marjan] = pearl, coralmashariki [from Ara mashriq] = eastmashine [Kik macini from Ban from Eng] = machine, enginemashtaka [see shtaki] = accusationmashua [see shua; Kik macua, Lin masuwa] = boat, craftmashuhuri [from Ara mashhur] = famous, renownedmasika [Kon ikisiku, Sot marega, Ven mariha, Zul sika, from PBan *tika] = rainy

season, wintermasilahi [from Ara maslaha] = benefit; advice, consultation; reconcilationmasizi [see sizi] = sootmaskani [from Ara maskan] = dwellingmaskini [from Ara miskin] = poor, miserable, wretched, destitutemasurufu [from Ara masraf; see sarafu] = costs, expensesmatako [see tako; Mwe madako, Sot morago, Tsw morago, Ven murahu] = buttocks;

behindmatata [see tata; Lin matata] = entanglement, trouble, difficultymatatu [see tatu] = vehicle (that can be boarded by several people and used to cost three

coins to travel in)

mate [Bem mate, Her omate, Kik mata, Kon amatha, Lub te, Mwe mate, Sho mate, Sot mare, Ven mare, lure, nthe, Zul the, from PBan *te] = spittle, saliva

matilaba [from Ara matlab] = subject; motivematope [see tope] = mudmatunda [Kik itunda] = fruitmaulana [from Ara mawlana] = our mastermauti [from Ara mawt] = deathmavi [Bem mafi, Fan bvi, Kik mai, Lub mvi, Mwe mafi, Rwa byi, Zul thuvi, from PBan

*bii] = excrement, dungmavu [see mbu; Ven libu] = hornetmavuno [see vuna] = harvest n.mawe [see jiwe] = stonesmawele [Kik mwere, Mwe vuvele, Sot lebelebele, Ven luvhele, Xho amabele, from

PBan *bede] = millet sp.mawese [Rwa mamesa] = palm oilmazao [see zaa] = cropsmaziko [see zika; Kik mathiko] = funeralmaziwa [see ziwa] = milkmbamia [from Ara bamiya] = okrambashiri [from Ara mubashir] = predicator, soothsayermbavu [see ubavu] = ribs, sidembegu [Kik mbeu, Kon imbeyu, Mwe mbiyu, Sho mbeu, Sot peu, Ven mbeu, Xho

bewu, Zul mbewu, from PBan *begu] = seedmbele [Bem ibele, Dua dibe, Her evere, Kik mbere, Lin libele, mabele, Mwe mbele,

ivele, Rwa bere, Sho mberi, Sot pele (lebele, letswele), Tsw lebele, Zul bele, phambili, from PBan *bede] = front, ahead; first

mbili [Bem bili, Dua ba, Gan bbiri, Her vari, Kik iri, Kon veli, Lin mibale, Lub bidi, Nko biri, Mwe vili, Nya wiri, Rwa biri, San vili, Sho piri, Sot bedi, pedi, Tsw pedi, Umb vaari, Ven mbili,vhili, Xho bini, Zul bili, from PBan *bidi] = two

mbingu [see wingu] = sky, heavenmboga [see boga; Kik mboga] = vegetablembogo [Bem mboo, Kik mbogo, Kon imbogo, Mwe mbogo, Rwa bogo, Sot poo, Tsw

poo, Ven mboho, from PBan *bogo] = buffalomboo [Kik uruu, from PBan *bodo] = penismbu [Mwe mbu, Sot mobu, Tsw mofu, Zul vi, bu, from PBan *bu] = mosquitombungo [Sitho sepo, Ven mmbo, from PBan *bugo] = tsetsembuni [see buni] = inventormbuyu [see buyu; Kik mabuyu] = baobabmbuzi [Bem mbushi, Che mbuzi, Dua mbodi, Kik mburi, Lub mbuji, Mwe mbuli, Sho

mbudzi, Sot pudi, Tsw podi, Ven mbudzi, Zul buzi, from PBan *budi] = goatmbwa [Bem mbwa, Dua mbo, Fan vu, Gan bwa, Her ombwa, Kik mbwa, Rwa bwa,

Kon imbwa, Lin mbwa, Lub bua, Mwe mbwa, San imbwa, Sho imbwa, Sot mpsa, Tsw ntshwa, Umb mbua, Ven mmbwa, Zul nja, from PBan *bua] = dog

mchana [Ven twa, from PBan *cana] = daytimemchanga [Bem mucanga, lusenga, Che mchenga, Kik muthanga, Lub senga, Mwe

msenga, from PBan *canga] = sand, soil

mchango [from PBan *cango] = wormmchawi [see uchawi] = witchmchele [Gan cere, Kik mucere, Mwe mchele, Rwa celi] = ricemchumba [from PBan *cumba] = fiancémchungwa [Bem icungwa, Gan cungwa, Kik icungwa, Mwe ichungwa] = orangemchuzi [Kik mucuthi, Mwe msuzi, Zul hluzi, from PBan *cudi] = broth, soupmchwa [Bem luswa, Kik muthua, Mwe mswa, Sot mohlwa, Ven mutwa, Xho tlwa, Zul

hlwa, from PBan *cua] = termitesmdogo [?] = ratmdomo [Bem milomo (mulomo), Kik kiromo, Kon undomo, Lub nomo, Mwe mlomo,

Sho muromo, Sot molomo, Ven mulomo, Zul lomo, from PBan *domo] = lipmea [Gan mera, Her mina, Kik mera, Kon mela, Mwe mela, San mela, Sot mela, Ven

mela, Zul mila, from PBan *med-] = grow, sprout v.meko [see jiko] = fireplacesmeli [Kik meri from Ban from Eng] = mail boat; steamer, ship, craftmende [from PBan *jenje] = cockroachmeno [see jino; Sho mazino] = teethmeza [Bem mina, Dua minya, Gan mira, Her nina, Kik meria, Kon mila, Mwe mila, Nya

medza, San mila, Sot metsha, Ven mila, Zul minza, from PBan *mid-] = swallow, gulp v.

meza [Gan meza, Kik metha, Lin mesa, Lub mesa, Mwe meza, Rwa eza from Por mesa from Lat mensa] = table

mfalme [Ban] = kingmfereji [from Ara farj] = cleftmfu [see fa; Ven mufu] = dead, corpsemfua [see fua; Ven mufuli] = smithmfuko [Bem mufuko, Kik muhuko, from PBan *puko] = bagmfungwa [see funga; Mwe mfungwa] = prisonermfuo [Bem mfulo] = furrowmfupa [Bem ifupa, Lin mokuwa, Mwe maguha, Rwa guf(w)a, Sho pfupa, Zul fuphi,

from PBan *kupa] = bonemgambo [from PBan *gambo] = speech, proclamationmganda [Ven dzanda, from PBan *ganda] = sheafmgawo [see gawa; Rwa gabanya] = divisionmgeni [Bem mweni, Kik mugeni, Lub eni, Mwe mgeni, Sho mueni, Sot moeng, Ven

mueni, Zul yeni, from PBan *geni] = stranger, guestmgomba [?] = bananamgomvi [see gomba] = quarrelsome personmgongo [Gan gongo, Kik mugongo, Lin mokongo, Mwe mgongo, Rwa gongo, from

PBan *gongo] = back n.mgonjwa [from PBan *gon-] = illmgunga [Bem munga, Ven munga, Zul nga, from PBan *gunga] = acaciamguu [Bem gulu, Gan gulu, Kik kuguru, Lub kulu, Nko okuguru, Mwe mgulu, Rwa

guru, from PBan *gudu] = leg, footmhanga [?] = ant-eatermia [from Ara mia] = hundred

mifugo [see fuga] = cattlemiliki [from Ara malaka] = rule, possess v.milki [from Ara mulk] = kingdom, state, country, dominionmimba [see vimba] = pregnancymimbari [from Ara minbar] = pulpitmimi [Zul mi, from PBan *mi] = Iminya [Her ninikiza, Sot mimila, Zul minya, from PBan *min-] = squeeze out v.Misri [Kik Misiri from Ban from Ara Misr] = Egyptmithali [from Ara mithal] = example; proverb, parable, fable; problemmivuo [Bem muba, Mwe mguva, Ven muvuvha, from PBan *gubo] = bellowsmiwani [Kik miwani from Ban from Ara] = spectacles, glassesmizani [from Ara mizan] = scales, balancemizigo [see mzigo; Kik mirigo] = baggage, luggagemizizi [Che muzu, Fan dzi, Kik muri, Rwa zi, Mwe mzi, Sho mudzi, Sot modu (medu,

medi), Ven mudzi, Zul zi, from PBan *di] = rootmja [see ja] = servantmjakazi [see mja and Bantu *kaji] = female servantmjeremani [Kik munjirimani from Ban from Eng] = Germanmji [Bem mushi, Che mudzi, Dua mundi, Her oruze, Kik mucii, Nya mudzi, Rwa gi, Sot

motse, Ven mudi, Zul zi, from PBan *gii] = town, villagemjukuu [Bem mwishikulu, Kik cukuru, Mwe mwizukulu, Sho muzukuru, Ven

muduhulu, Zul zukulu, from PBan *jijukudu] = grandchildmkasi [Bem makashi, Gan kasi, Kik magathi, Lin makasi, Mwe mkasi, Rwa kasi from

Ban from Ara maqqas] = scissorsmkate [Bem mukate, Gan gati, Kik mugate, Lub kate, Mwe mgate, Rwa gati, from

PBan *kaate] = breadmke [Bem muka, Kik muka, Kon unkha, Mwe mke, Suk ke, Xho ka, Umb kai, Zul mka,

from PBan *ke] = wifemkebe [Kik mukebe from Ban from Ara] = tin, canmkeka [Kik mugeka, Mwe mgeka, from PBan *keka] = matmkia [Bem mucila, Her omutkhira, Lin mokila, Mwe mkila, Sot mosela, Ven mutshila,

Zul sila, from PBan *kida] = tailmkoa [see koa] = zonemkojo [from PBan *kojo] = urinemkono [Gan kono, Nko omukono, Mwe mkono, Ven mukonwo, Zul khono, from PBan

*kono] = hand, armmkopo [see kopa; Bem bukope] = loanmkosi [see kosi] = napemkuki [?] = spearmkunga [Kik mukunga, from PBan *kunga] = eelmkuu [see kuu] = elder, chiefmkwe [Bem mako, buko, bukwe, Lub ko, Zul khwe, from PBan *ko] = in-lawmlango [Kik murango, Mwe mlyango, Sot mojako, Zul nyango, from PBan *diango] =

door, gatemle [see le 'that'] = in theremlevi [see lewa] = drunkard

mlezi [see lea; Kik mureri] = nurse n.mlima [Kik kirima, from PBan *dema] = mountain, hillmlimaji [see lima; Bem mulimi, Gan limi, Kik murimi, Ven mulimi] = cultivator,

farmermlingoti [Bem mulongoti] = mast, polemlinzi [see linda; Bem mulinshi, Ven mulindi] = guard n.mlozi [see loga; Bem muloshi, Kik murogi, Ven muloi] = witch, sorcerermluzi [Mwe mluli, Xho loza, Ven muludzi, Zul lozi, from PBan *dudi] = whistle n.mmea [see mea; Kik mumera, Rwa mera] = plant n.mnafiki [from Ara munafiq] = hypocritemnajimu [from Ara munajjim] = astrologermnara [Rwa nara from Ban from Ara manara] = towermngaro [see ngaa] = brightnessmnuko [see nuka; Bem bununko, Rwa nuko, Ven munuko] = smell n.mnyororo [Bem munyololo, Kik munyororo, Lub yololo, Mwe mnololo] = chainmoja [Bem mo, Kik mwe, Lin moko, Lub mwe, Mwe mo, Nya modzi, Umb mosi, from

PBan *mo(ti)] = onemoshi [see oka; Her omwise, Lub ishi, Mwe lyosi, Rwa otsi, Sho utsi, Sot mosi, Tsw

mosi, Ven mutsi, Zul si] = smokemotakaa [Bem motoka, Gan motoka, Kik mutokaa, Lub motoka, Mwe modoka, Rwa

modoka, Sho motokari, Zul motokali from Ban from Eng] = motor carmoto [see joto; Lin moto, Mwe moto, Sho moto, Ven mwoto] = firemoyo [Kik muoyo, Lub moyo, Mwe moyo, Sho mwoyo, Sot moya, Tsw mowa, Ven

muya, Zul oya, from PBan *jojo] = life; spirit; heartmpagazi [Kik mubagathi from Ban from Eng baggage] = baggage carrier, carrier, portermpaka [Bem mupaka, Kik muhaka, from PBan *paka] = border, boundarympango [see panga] = arrangement, planmparuzi [see parua] = careless workermpasi [see pata] = grabber, over-ambitious personmpingo [from PBan *pingo] = ebonympini [Bem mupini, Che mpini, Mwe mpini, Nya mpini, Ven mufhini, Zul phini, from

PBan *pini] = handle, shaftmpira [Bem mupila, Che mpira, Gan pira, Kik mubira from Por pila] = rubber, tyre, ballmpishi [see pika; Bem kepika, Kik mubici, Lub pishi, Ven mubikeli] = cook n.mpunga [Bem mupunge, Mwe mpunga, Ven mupunga, from PBan *punga] = ricempwa [Bem mwipwa, Lub ipua, Ven mphwa-, from PBan *jipua] = nephewmraba [from Ara murabbac] = squaremradi [from Ara murad] = wish, intention, desiremreno [from Por reino 'kingdom'] = Pormrumi [from Ara rumi from Lat Roma] = Romanmrututu [from Hin] = bluestonemsaada [from Ara musacada] = helpmsafa [from Ara masaf] = position; phalanx; line, rowmsafiri [from Ara musafir] = traveller; visitor, guest, newcomermsahafu [from Ara mas’haf] = bookmsaidi [from Ara musacid] = helper

msalaba [Bem musalaba, Kik mutharaba from Ban from Ara salib] = cross n.mshahara [from Ara mushahara] = monthly wagemshale [Sangu tsal-, from PBan *caade] = arrowmshipa [Bem lushipa, Her omusepa, Kik mukiha, Kon ikisipha, Sot mosifa, Zul sipha,

from PBan *kipa] = vein, artery, sinewmsho [see sho] = tailormsikiti [Che mzikiti, Kik muthigiti from Egyptian Ara masgid] = mosquemsimu [from Ara mawsim] = seasonmstari [from Ara satr] = row, linemstatili [from Ara mustatil] = rectanglemsuluhi [from Ara musalih] = peacemakermsumari [Bem musomali, Kik mucumari, Lub sumadi, Mwe msumali, Rwa sumari

from Ban from Ara mismar] = nail (of iron)msumeno [Kik muthumeno from Ban from Ara] = saw n.mswaki [Bem muswaki, Gan swaki from Ban from Ara miswak] = toothbrushmtaa [from PBan *tala] = districtmtama [from PBan *tama] = millet, sorghummtego [Bem citeyo, Kik mutego, Mwe mtego, from PBan *tego] = trap n.mtende [see tende; Kik mutende] = date-palmmti [Bem muti, Fan li, Genda ti, Her omuti, Kik muti, Kon uluthi, Lin mwete, Lub zshi,

Mwe mti, Rwa ti, Sho muti, Sot more, Umb ti, Ven muri, nthi, Zul thi, from PBan *ti] = tree; wood

mto [from PBan *to] = rivermto [Kik muuto] = pillowmtribu [from Ara mutrib; see tarabu] = musicianmtu [Bem muntu, Che munthu, Dua moto, Gan ntu, Her omundu, Kik mundu, Kon

umundu, Lin moto, Lub ntu, Mwe mnhu, Nya munthu, Rwa muntu, San umunhu, Sho munhu, Sot motho, Tsw motho, Ven muthu, Zul ntu, from PBan *tu] = person

mtumba [Bem itumba, from PBan *tumba] = bag, bale, bundlemtwa [Sot morwana, Zul thwa, from PBan *toa] = pygmymuda [from Ara mudda] = periodmuhimu [from Ara muhimm] = essential, importantmuhindi [Kik hindi from Ban from Ara hindi 'Indian'] = maize; grainmuhogo [Mwe muhogo, Ven mufhoho, from Ban] = cassavamuhuri [Kik ruuri from Ban from Ara muhr] = sealmume [Bem lume (cilume), Dua mome, Fan num, Her rume, Kik murume, Kon

undume, Lub lume, Mwe mhungulume, Sho murume, Umb lume, Ven lume, from PBan *dume] = male, man, husband

mumunya [Kik mumunya, Sot mona, Ven muna, Zul munya, from PBan *mumuna] = suck v.

mungu [Bem mulungu, Che mulungu, Kik murungu, Nya mulungu, from PBan *dungu] = god

mustarehe [from Ara mustarih; see starehe] = restingmuundi [Ven mwondo, from Ban] = shinmuwa [Kik kigwa, Mwe iguva, Sot mmoba, nyoba, Zul oba, from PBan *guba] =

sugarcane

mvi [Bem lufwi, Kik mbui, Lin mbwi, Ven mmvi, luvi, Xhoso mvi, Zul vi, from PBan *bui] = white, grey hair

mvinyo [Kik mbinyu from Por vinho from Lat vinum] = wine; spirit; whiskymvua [Bem mfula, Dua mbua, Her ombura, Kik mbura, Kon ifula, Lin mbula, Lub vula,

Mwe mbula, Rwa vura, Sho mvura, Sot pula, Tsw pula, Ven mvula, Zul vula, from PBan *buda] = rain n.

mvuvi [see vua; Lub luwe] = fishermanmwagika [from PBan *badik-] = split v.mwaguzi [see agua] = diviner, soothsayermwaka [Bem mwaka, Gan waka, Kik mwaka, Mwe mwaka, Nya chaka, Rwa aka, Sho

mwaka, Ven nwaha, Zul nyaka, from PBan *jaka] = yearmwako [see waka; Kik mwaki] = burning, blaze, firemwali [Kik mwari, Sot ngwale, from PBan *jadi] = virgin, bride, girl; daughtermwalimu [Kik mwarimu, Lub adimu, Mwe mwalimu, Rwa alimu from Ban from Ara

mucalim] = teachermwamba [from PBan *jamba] = rock, stonemwamuzi [see amua] = judge, refereemwana [Bem mwana, Che mwana, Dua muna, Fan on, Gan wana, Her omuna, Kik

mwana, Kon umwana, Lin mwana, Lub ana, Mwe mwana, Nya mwana, Rwa ana, Sot ngwana (bjana), Umb mona, Ven nwana, Xho tshana, ntana, Zul ngane, tshana, from PBan *jana] = child

mwanakondoo [see mwana and kondoo] = lambmwanambuzi [see mwana and mbuzi] = kidmwandiko [see andika; Kik mwandiko] = writing n.mwanga [Bem bwanga] = wizard, sorcerermwanya [Kik mwanya] = gap, passmwanzi [Kik murangi, Lin mbanzi, from PBan *dangi] = bamboomwavuli [see mvua; Bem mwamfuli, Kik maburi] = umbrellamwayo [Gan ayuya, from PBan *jajo] = yawn n.mwembe [see embe; Kik mwembe] = mango treemwendo [see enda; Bem bulendo, Che ulendo, Kik rugendo, Lub wendo] = journey,

travel, trip, passagemwenye [Bem mwine, Dua mene, Her omvini, Kik mwene, Kon mwene, Sot mong, Ven

mune, Zul nini, from PBan *jene] = ownermwenzi [see enda; Kik mugendi] = travel companion; travelermwe [Bem mweshi, Dua modi, Fan myel, Gan wezi, Her oMwe, Kik mweri, Kon

umwesi, Lub eji, enji, Mwe Mwe, Nya Mwe, Rwa ezi, San mwesi, Sho mwedzi, Sot ngwedi, Tsw ngwedi, Ven nwedzi, Xho nyezi, Zul nyezi, nkanyezi, from PBan *jedi] = moonlight

mwiba [Kik muigua, Lub diba, Mwe limhwa, Xho va, Zul iva, from PBan *jigua] = thorn

mwiko [Bem mwiko, Kik muiko, Mwe kijiko, Rwa yiko, Sot leho, Ven lufo, from PBan *jiko] = ladle, spoon, trowel

mwiko [Bem mwiko, Mwe mwiko, from PBan *jiko] = taboo

mwili [Bem mubili, Gan biri, Kik mwiri, Kon umbili, Lub bidi, Mwe muvili, Rwa biri, San guvili, Sho muviri, Sot mmele, muvhili, Tsw mmele, Zul bili, from PBan *bidi] = body

mwisho [see isha; Mwe mwisho] = end n.mwivi [see iba; Lin moyibi, Lub ivi, Mwe mwibi, Sho mbavha, Ven mbava] = thiefmwizi [see iba; Kik muici] = thiefmwoga [see woga; Ven muofhi] = cowardmwuaji [see ua 'kill'; Kik muuragani, Ven mbulahi] = murderermyunani [see yunani; Kik muyunani] = Greekmzazi [see zaa] = parentmzigo [Her zeu, Kik murigo, Mwe mligo, from PBan *digo] = load n.mzimu [Che mzimu, Dua edimo, Lin molimo, Mwe mzimu, Sot modimo, badimo,

godimo, ledimo, Ven mudzimu, Zul zimu, from PBan *dimu] = spiritmzinga [Mwe mzinga, from PBan *dinga] = beehivemzinga [Kik mucinga, Mwe mzinga] = gun, cannonmzungu [Bem musungu, Kik muthungu, Rwa zungu, Sho chirungu, Ven mulungu, Zul

lungu, from PBan *jungu] = white man, European

Nna [Bem na, Dua na, Her na, Kik na, Kon na, Lin na, Mwe na, Rwa na, San na, Sho na,

Sot na, nea, Ven na, Zul na, from PBan *na] = and, withnaam [from Ara nacm] = yesnabii [Bem munabi, Kik munabi from Ban from Ara nabi] = prophetnadhari [from Ara nadhar] = look; care; choicenadhifu [from Ara nadhif] = clean, tidy, neatnadhiri [from Ara nadhr] = vownadi [from Ara nada] = call, proclaim v.nadra [from Ara nadir] = rare; unusualnafaka [from Ara nafaqa 'cost'] = food; cornnafasi [from Ara nafas] = breath; spirit; spare timenafsi [from Ara nafs] = self, personnafuu [from Ara nafc] = usefulness, use, benefit, gainnaibi [from Ara naib] = secretary, representative, delegate, deputynairuzi [from Per nouruz] = new yearnajisi [from Ara najasa] = make filthy, defilenakala [from Ara naql] = copy; transport; tradition; talesnakawa [from Ara naqawa] = selection, choicenakshi [from Ara naqsh] = painting; carvingnamna [from Per nemune] = example, patternnanasi [Kik nanathi from Por ananas] = pineapplenane [Kik inyanya, Mwe nane, Rwa nani, from PBan *nainai] = eightnanga [Kik nanga from Per langar] = anchornani [see ni 'what'; Lin nani, Mwe nani] = whonasa [see nata] = make get stuck, trap v.nasaba [from Ara nasab] = origin; lineagenasibu [from Ara nasib] = share; destiny; chancenata [from PBan *namat-] = stick, adhere v.

nazi [Bem ngashi, Kik nathi from Ban from Ara narjil from Per nargil] = coconcha [Sot ntlha, Ven ntha, from PBan *ca] = tip, endnchi [Bem shi (panshi), Che (pansi), Dua se (wase), Fan si, Gan si (wansi), Her hi

(kehi), Kik thi, Kon si (phasi), Lin nse, Lub (panshi), Mwe nsi, Rwa si, Sot se (fase, tlase), Umb si, Ven si (dasi, fhasi), Xho tsi (phantsi), Zul si (phansi, ezantsi) , from PBan *ce] = land, earth, country

nda [Kik nda, Kon munda, Lub nda, Sot boteng, Ven mala, from PBan *da] = inside, belly n.

ndama [from PBan *dama] = calfndani [see nda and ni 'place'; Zul ndeni] = inside adv.ndege [Che ndege, Lin ndeke, Nya ndege, Rwa dege, Sangu ndeki, from PBan *dege] =

birdndege [see ndege; Bem ndeke, Kik ndege, Sho ndege] = airplanendevu [see kidevu; Kik nderu, Lin ndefu, Lub wevu, Mwe ndezu, Sho ndebvu, Sot

leledu, Tsw tedu, Ven ndebvu] = beardndezi [Bem nsenshi, Ven tshedzi, Zul hlezi] = cane-ratndimu [Che ndimu, Gan nnimu, Kik ndimu, Rwa dimu from Por limao] = lime, lemonndizi [?] = bananandoa [see oa] = marriagendoana [from PBan *dubane from *dub-; see vua] = fish-hookndoo [Kik ndoo, Mwe ndovo from Ban from Ara dalw or Per dul] = bucket, pailndoto [see ota; Bem ciloto, Kik kiroto, Lin ndoto, Ven muloro] = dreamndovu [Bem nsofu, Che njobvu, Dua njou, Fan zoh, Gan jovu, Her onjou, Kik njogu,

Kon isofu, Lub nzevu, Mwe nzovu, Nya njobvu, Rwa zovu, San nzovu, Sho nzou, Sot tlou, Ven ndou, Zul dlovu, from PBan *jogu] = elephant

ndugu [Lin ndeko, from PBan *dugu] = kinsman, brotherneema [from Ara nacma] = favor, mercynemsi [from Ara namus from Gre nomos] = honor, reputationnena [Che nena, Lub nena, from PBan *neen-] = speak v.nene [Fan nen, Kik nene, Lin nene, Umb nene, from PBan *nene] = thick, bigneva [from Eng] = nervengaa [Kik ara] = shine v.ngalawa [Kik ngarawa] = canoengambo [Mwe mwambu] = other sidengamia [Bem ngamiya, Kik ngamira, Rwa gamiya from Egyptian Ara gamal] = camelngano [Bem nganu, Kik ngano, Lub ngano, Rwa gano] = wheatngano [Her omwano, Kik rugano, Ven ganeo, from PBan *gano] = tale, storyngazi [Kik ngathi, Lub ngaji] = ladderngao [Kik ngo, Mwe ngavo, from PBan *gabo] = shieldnge [from PBan *ge] = scorpionngiri [Bem munjili, Kik ngiri, Mwe igili, Sho njiri, from PBan *gidi] = warthogngoa [from PBan *good-] = pull, uproot v.ngoja [from PBan *goj-] = wait v.ngoma [Bem ngoma, Che ngoma, Dua ngomo, Fan gom, Her ongoma, Rwa goma, Lub

ngoma, Mwe ngoma, Sho ngoma, Umb ngoma, Ven ngoma, Zul ngoma, from PBan *goma] = drum

ngombe [Bem ngombe, Kik ngombe, Lin ngombe, Lub ngombe, Mwe mombe, Sho mombe, Umb ngombe, Ven nombe, from PBan *gombe] = bovine, cow

ngozi [Ekinyambo engozi] = skinnguo [Kik nguo, Zul ngubo, from PBan *gubo] = dress, cloth, garmentnguruma [Kik ruruma, Mwe gilima, from PBan *dudum-] = roar, thunder, rumble,

growl v.nguruwe [Bem ngulube, Her onguruve, Kik ngurue, Kon inguluve, Lub ngulube, Mwe

nguluve, Rwa gurube, Sho nguruve, Sot kolobe, Umb ngulube, Ven nguluvhe, Xho gulube, Zul ngulube, from PBan *gudube] = pig

nguvu [Fan gvul, Mwe nguzu, from PBan *gudu] = strength, powerni [Bem ni (ani), Lin ni (nani), Umb nye, Ven ni, Zul ni] = what kindni [Zul ndeni] = placenia [from Ara nia] = intentionnidhamu [from Ara nidham] = order, disciplinenikaha [from Ara nikah] = marriagenini [see ni 'what'; Lin nini] = whatninyi [Ven ni, Zul ni] = younira [from Ara nir] = yokenishani [from Ara nishan] = sign; medalnjaa [Bem nsala, Che njala, Dua njai, Her onjara, Kon injala, Lin nzala, Lub nzala, Mwe

nzala, Rwa zara, San inzala, Sho nzara, Sot tlala, Umb nzala, Ven ndala, Xho dlala, Zul ndlala, from PBan *jada] = hunger, famine

nje [Bem panse, Her penje, Kik nja, Kon phanja, Sot ntle, Ven nnda, Xho dle, Zul ndle (phandle) , from PBan *je] = outside

njema [see ema] = it's goodnjia [Bem nshila, Che njira, Dua ngea, Fan zem, Her onjira, Kik njira, Kon injila, Lin

nzela, Lub jila, Mwe nzila, Nya njira, Rwa inzira, San inzila, Sho nzira, Sot tsela, Umb ngyila, Ven ndila, Zul dlela, from PBan *jida] = path, road, way, passage

njiwa [Sho njiva, Sot leeba, Ven livha, nzhivha, tshivha, Zul juba, from PBan *jiba] = dove, pigeon

njugu [Sho nzungu, Sot tloo, Ven nduhu, Zul dlubu, from PBan *jugu] = nutnne [Bem ne, Dua nei, Gan nnya, Her ne, Kik inya, Kon na, Lin minei, Lub na, Nko na,

Mwe ne, Nya nai, Rwa ne, San na, Sho na, Sot nne, Tsw nne, Ven na, Zul ne, from PBan *nai] = four

noa [Bem nona, Zul lola, from PBan *nood-] = sharpen, whet v.nondo [Zul nundu] = mothnona [Bem nona, Kik nora, Sot nona, Ven nona, Zul nona, from PBan *non-] = fat v.noti [Kik nuti from Ban from Eng] = note, bank notensiya [Kik thiya, Ven ntsa, from PBan *kia] = duiker antelopenta [Mwe nta, from PBan *ta] = wax (of bees)nufaika [see nafuu] = prosper v.nuka [Bem nunka, Her nuka, Kik nunga, Kon nunga, San nunkha, Sot ngka, Ven nukha,

Zul nuka, from PBan *nunk-] = smell, stink v.nuksi [from Ara nuks] = decadence; mischiefnukta [from Ara nuqta] = dot, pointnuna [from PBan *nun-] = grumble v.

nundu [from PBan *dundu] = humpnungu [Bem cinungi, Mwe nunguli, Sot noko, Zul nungu, from PBan *dungu] =

porcupinenungunika [from PBan *nungonik-] = grumble v.nunua [Gan nunula, Sho nunura, from PBan *nunud-] = buy, redeem v.nuru [from Ara nur] = lightnusa [see nuka] = smell v.nusu [Kik nuthu from Ban from Ara nisf] = halfnusuru [from Ara nasara] = helpnya [Her nyina, Lin no, Sot na, Tsw na, Ven na, Zul na, from PBan *ni] = rain n.nya [Bem nya, Dua nya, Her nia, Kon nya, Lin nyei, Mwe na, Sot nya, Ven nya, Zul

nya] = urinate, defecate v.nyama [Bem nama, Che nyama, Dua nyama, Gan nnyama, Her onyama, Kik nyama,

Kon inyama, Lin nyama, Lub nyama, Mwe nama, Nya nyama, Rwa nyama, Sho nyama, Sot nama, Ven nama, Zul nyama, from PBan *nyama] = meat, flesh; animal

nyamera [Rwa nyemera] = topinyani [Rwa igannyi, from PBan *jani] = ape, baboonnyanya [Gan nnyanya, Kik nyanya, Rwa nyanyi, from PBan *nyaanya] = tomatonyasi [Rwa atsi, from PBan *nyati] = grassnyati [Che njati, Dua nyati, Fan oar, Her onyati, Lin nzale, Nya njati, Sho nyati, Sot

nare, Tsw nare, Umb nyanyi, Ven nari, Zul nyathi, from PBan *jati] = buffalonyauka [from PBan *niad-] = wither v.nyenje [Bem nyense, Kik nyenje, Zul nyendle, from PBan *jenje] = cricket; bugnyoa [Zul nwaya, from PBan *nod-] = shave v.nyoka [from PBan *jinuk-] = straight v.nyoka [Bem nsoka, Che njoka, Fan oo, Her onyoka, Kon injoka, Lin nyoka, Lub nyoka,

Mwe nzoka, Nya njoka, Rwa zoka, San inyokha, Sho nyoka, Sot noga, Umb nyoka, Ven nowa, Zul nyoka, from PBan *joka] = snake

nyonga [Sot noka, Zul nyonga, from PBan *jonga] = hipnyongo [Kik nyongo, Sot nyooko, Ven nyongwe, Zul nyongo, from PBan *jongo] =

bile, gallnyonya [Gan nuna] = suck v.nyota [Kik njata, Lin nzoto, from PBan *jota] = starnyoya [Kik guoya, ruoya, Lub oyi, Mwe loya, Rwa oya, Sot boya, Zul oya, from PBan

*joja] = feather, hair, woolnyuki [Bem buci, Her onyuitkhi, Kik njuki, Kon injuki, Lin nzoi, Mwe nzuki, Rwa yuki,

San inyusi, Sho nyuchi (huchi), Sot nose (bose), SSot notshi, Tsw notshe, Umb nyihi (iki), Ven notshi, Zul nyosi, from PBan *jiki] = bee

nyuma [Bem numa, Lub nyima, Mwe numa, Rwa nyuma, Umb nyima, from PBan *jima] = back, behind, rear

nyumba [Che nyumba, Gan nyumba, Kik nyumba, Mwe numba, Nya nyumba, Rwa nyumba, Sho imba, from PBan *jumba] = house

nyumbani [see nyumba and NI 'place'] = homenyumbu [Kik nyumbu] = mulenyundo [Bem nondo, Kik nyondo, Mwe nundo, Rwa yundo, Sot noto, Ven nyundo, Zul

ando, from PBan *jundo] = hammer

nyungu [see buu] = wormnyuni [Bem cuni, Dua inon, Fan non, Gan nyonyi, Kik nyoni, Kon injuni, Lub nyunyi,

Mwe noni, Rwa nyoni, San inyuni, Sot lenong, Tsw nonyane, Ven tshinoni, Zul nyoni, from PBan *juni] = bird

nywa [Bem nwa, Che mwa, Dua nyo, Gan nywa, Her nwa, Kik nyua, Kon nwa, Lub nua, Mwe mwa, Nya mwa, Rwa nywa, San nwa, Sho nwa, Sot nwa, Umb nua, Ven nwa, from PBan *niwa] = drink v.

nywele [Gan viri, Kik njuiri, Lub nywene, Mwe lunele, Zul nwele, from PBan *juede] = hair

nzige [Kik ngigi, Mwe iyige, Sot tsie, Ven nzie, Zul diye, from PBan *gige] = locust

Ooa [from PBan *koid-] = marry v.oga [Bem owa, Lub oya, Mwe oga, Rwa oga from PBan *jog-] = wash, bathe v.ogelea [see oga; Gan wuga] = swim v.ogopa [Mwe ogoha, Ven ofha, from PBan *jogup-] = fear v.oka [Bem oca, cushi, Gan okya, Kam yioki, Kon ilyosi, Umb isi, yokua, Ven oka,

vhutsi, Zul si, osa, from PBan *jok-] = roast, bake v.okoa [Gan kola, from PBan *jokud-] = save v.ola [Bem lola, Kik rora, from PBan *dod-] = look, observe v.omba [Bem lomba, Kon lomba, Mwe lomba, San lomba, Sot lopa, from PBan *domb-]

= ask v.ona [Bem mona, Che ona, Her muna, Kik ona, Kon vona, Kongo mona, Lin mona, Lub

mona, Mwe vona, San vona, Sho ona, Sot bona, Ven vhona, Zul bona, from PBan *bon-] = see v.

ongea [from PBan *dongid-] = talk v.ongeza [Bem ongesha, Gan ongera, Kik ongera, Kon ongela, Mwe ongeja, Rwa ongera,

San jongelesa, Sot oketsa (eketsa), Tsw oketsa, Zul ongeza, engeza, from PBan *jongid-] = add v.

ongoa [from PBan *dongud-] = guide, precede v.onja [Mwe vonja] = taste v.ono [see ona] = vieworofa [Kik ngoroba from Gre orophos] = floor, storeyororo [Kik ororo, from PBan *godobo] = softosha [see oga; Gan oza, Rwa oza] = wash v.ota [Bem lota, Dua ndoti, Gan loota, Her rota, Kik rota, Mwe lota, Sho rota, Sot toro,

lora, Ven lora, from PBan *doot-] = dream v.ota [Bem onta, Gan ota, Her wota, Kik ota, Kon otha, San yotha, Sot ora, Ven ora

(mwoto), Zul otha, from PBan *jota] = warm, bask v.ote [Bem onse, Che yense, Dua ese, Her he, Kik othe, Kon osa, Lin nso, Lub nso, Mwe

ose, Rwa ose, Sho se, Sot ohle, Ven othe, Xho onke, Zul nke, from PBan *jote] = allovu [Kik uru] = bad, eviloza [Bem bola, Dua bo, Gan bola, Her ora, Kik ora, Kon vola, San vola, Sot bola, Zul

bola, from PBan *bod-; see bovu] = rot v.

P

pa [Bem pa, Fan ve, Gan wa, Her pa, Kik ha, Kon pha, Mwe pa, Lub pa, Rwa ha, San pa, Sho pa, Sot fa, Tsw fa, Ven fha, Zul pha, from PBan *pa] = give v.

pa [Bem pa (panshi, panse), Che (pansi), Her pe- (penje), Gan wa- (wakati, wansi), Kon pha- (phasi, phanja), Lub pe- (peulu), Rwa he- (hejuru), Sot fa- (fase), Umb pa- (palo), Ven fha- (fhasi), Xho pha- (phandle, phantsi, phezu), Zul pha- (phakathi, phandle, phansi, phezulu) , from PBan *pa] = on

paa [Bem mpala, Mwe mhala, Rwa mpala, Sot phala, Ven phala, Zul mpala, from PBan *pada] = antelope

paa [from PBan *pad-] = go up, ascend v.paa [from PBan *pad-: Bem pala, Gan wala, Her para, Kik hara, Kon phala, Sot fala,

Ven fhala, pala, Zul phala] = scrape v.pacha [Dua diwasa, Fan bear, Her epaha, Kik mahatha, Kon iliphasa, Lin lipasa, Lub

pasa, Mwe ivasa, Sho mapatya, Sot mafahla, Tsw mafatlha, Ven lifhata, mafhata, Zul phahla, from PBan *paca] = twin

pafu [Che mphafa, Sho bapu, Sot leswafo, Ven fhafhu, Zul phaphu, from PBan *papu] = lung

paka [from PBan *pak-] = fix boundary v.paka [Bem mpaka, Kik mbaka, Nya mphaka, Sot phaga, Ven phaha, Xho paka, Zul

mpaka, from PBan *paka] = catpakana [from PBan *pakan-] = adjacent v.pakata [from PBan *pakat-] = hold (child), nurse v.pakia [from PBan *pakid-] = load, put in v.pale [see pa 'on' and le 'there'; Umb palo] = therepalia [from PBan *padid-] = weed, hoe v.pamba [Mwe pamba] = decorate v.pamba [Gan ppamba, Kik mbamba from Per pamba from Gre bombyx] = cottonpamoja [see pa 'on' and moja; Bem pamo] = togetherpana [from PBan *pana] = widepanda [Bem lupanda, Ven phande, Zul phande, from PBan *panda] = forked pole, forkpanda [Mwe panda, from PBan *panda] = go up v.panda [Kik handa, from PBan *pand-] = sow, plant v.pande [from PBan *pande] = block, large piecepanga [Benda panga, from PBan *pang-] = arrange, plan v.panga [Benda ipenga] = trumpetpanga [Benda lupanga, Kik banga, Lin mompanga, Mwe lupanga, Sho banga, Sot

mphaka, Ven lufhanga, from PBan *panga] = knife, machete, swordpanganya [see panga; Gan panga] = stack, pile v.pangisha [see panga; Gan pangisa] = rent v.pango [Che phanga, Nya phanga, from PBan *panga] = cavepangusa [Lin pangusa, from PBan *panagula] = dust, wipe v.panzi [Bem kapaso, Kik handi, Ven mapanda, from PBan *panji] = grasshopper, locustpapai [Kik babai] = pawpawpapasa [from PBan *papat-] = touch, stroke, grope v.papatika [Ven paparika, Zul phapha, from PBan *pap-] = flap, flutter v.parua [see paa 'scrape'] = scratch together v.

pasaka [Bem ipasaka, Kik bathaka, Lin pasika, Rwa pasika from Por pascoa from Heb pesah] = Easter, Passover

pasi [Kik bathi from Hin] = iron (for shirts etc.)pasi [Kik bathi, Zul pasi from Ger Pass] = pass, passportpasua [Sangu pas-, from PBan *pac-] = split v.pata [Her pata, Mwe bata, Rwa fata, Sot swara, Ven bata, fara, pata, Zul phatha, from

PBan *pata] = grab, get v.patana [from PBan *patan-] = agree v.paza [see paa] = lift v.pazia [see paza; Kik mbathiya] = curtainpekecha [from PBan *pekic-] = drill v.pekesheni [Kik bigicena from Ban from Eng] = inspectionpeleka [from PBan *pedik-] = hand over, send v.pembe [Lin mpembe, Mwe ipembe, Rwa hembe, from PBan *pembe] = horn, ivorypenda [Kik enda, Rwa henda, from PBan *pend-] = love, desire v.pendo [see penda; Kik wendo] = love n.penzi [see penda] = desire, will n.pepea [Her pepa, Sot fefera, Ven fhefha, Zul phepha, from PBan *pep-] = fan v.pepo [see pepea; Bem mpepo, Kik heho, Kon imbepo, Lin mpepo, San mhepo, Sot

phefo, Ven phepho, Xho phepho] = wind; spiritpera [Gan ppera, Kik ibera from Por] = guavaperemende [Kik theremende from Ban from Eng] = peppermints, sweetspesa [Bem ipesa, Kik mbeca from Hin paysa] = moneypeta [Bem peta, Her peta, Sot fera, Ven peta, Zul phetha, from PBan *peta] = bend, fold

up v.pete [see peta; Gan peta, Lub pete] = ring n.pevu [Kon phela, Sot fetsa, fedisa, Ven fhela, Zul phela, from PBan *pela] = mature adj.pi [Bem pi, Lin pi (wapi), Sho pi (kupi), Umb pi, Ven fhi, Zul phi, from PBan *pi] =

which, which placepicha [Kik mbica from Ban from Eng] = picturepiga [from PBan *piig-] = hit, beat v.pika [Bem ipika, Che phika, Lub ipika, Sho bika, Ven bika, Zul pheka, from PBan

*peka] = cook v.pili [see mbili] = two; second adj.pilipili [Bem mpilipili, Kik biribiri, Lin pilipili, Mwe mhilipili, Rwa pilipili, Ven

phiriphiri, Zul pelepele, from PBan *pidipidi from Gre peperi] = pepperpima [Bem pima, Gan pima, Kik thima, Lin pima, Mwe pima, Rwa pima, Ven pima,

from PBan *pim-] = measure v.pinda [Dua inda, Kik hinda, Kon phindanya, Mwe pinda, Sho bhenda, Sot fetola, Zul

phendu, phinda, from PBan *pind-] = bend, plait, fold v.pindua [Bem pinduluka, Rwa hindura, from PBan *pindud-] = turn, change v.pinduka [see pindua; Gan pinduka] = overturn, skid v.pinduli [from Eng from Fre pendule] = pendulumpinga [Zul phinga, from PBan *ping-] = plait v.pinga [Kik thinga, from PBan *ping-] = bar, obstruct v.pingu [from PBan *pingu] = charm, fetish

pini [Bem pini, Kik mbini, Sho pini from Ban from Eng] = pinpita [Che pita, Nya pita, from PBan *pit-] = pass, go ahead, surpass v.pito [see pita] = passagepoa [Gan wola, Her pora, Kik hora, Mwe pola, Sot fola, Ven fhola, Zul phola, from

PBan *pod-] = cool v.pofu [Bem mpofu, Her potu, Lub pofo, Mwe hofu, San pofokhu, Sho pofo-, Sot sefofu,

Tsw sefofu, Ven bofu, Zul phumpu, from PBan *popu] = blindpofu [Bem nsefu, Mwe mboku, Sho mhofu, Sot phofu, phohu, Ven phofu, Xho pofu,

Zul phofu, from PBan *poku] = antelope, elandpokea [Bem poka, Mwe bokela, from PBan *pokid-] = receive v.polisi [Bem polishi, Kik borithi, Rwa polisi from Ban from Eng] = policepona [Gan wona, Kik hona, from PBan *pon-] = get well, recover, heal, cured v.ponda [Ven ponda, from PBan *pond-] = pound, crush, stamp v.pongo [Mwe mhongo, Rwa hongo, Sot phoko, from PBan *pongo] = antelope,

bushbuckponyoka [from PBan *pon(i)-] = fall, slip v.popo [Kik ruhuhu] = bat (animal)posha [from posho] = provide v.posho [Kik uboco from Ban from Eng portion] = provision, rationsposta [Kik bothita from Ban from Ita posta] = postpota [Her potapota, Kon photha, San potha, Sot fora, Zul photha, from PBan *put-] =

bend, twist v.pote [see pa 'on' and ote] = everywherepotea [see pota] = lost v.potoka [from PBan *putik-] = bent, twisted v.povu [Bem ifulo, Fan vul, Kik muhuyu, Ven mapulo, from PBan *pudu] = foampua [from PBan *puda] = nosepua [see feleji] = steelpuku [Fan fo, Zul phuku from PBan *puku] = field ratpuliza [from PBan *pud-] = blow (with mouth) v.pumbaa [Bem bupuba, bupumbu, from PBan *pub-] = foolish, stupid v.pumzi [Dua vumse, Ven fumula, Xho phumla, Zul phumula, from PBan *puumud-] =

breathpunda [Bem punda, Kik bunda, Lin mpunda, Lub punda, from PBan *punda] = donkeypunga [Mwe punga, Zul phunga, from PBan *pung-] = wave, fan, wave off v.pungua [Mwe pungula] = decrease v.pura [Kik hura, Rwa guhura, from PBan *puud-] = thresh v.pwa [Ven phwama, from PBan *pu] = dry v.pwani [see pwa and ni 'place'] = dry place, shorepya [Bem pya, Dua pe, Gan piya, Her pe (pya), Kon phya, Lub pia, Nko sya, Rwa shya,

San pya, Sho idzva, Sot swa, fisa (fsa, mpsa), Ven ntswa, Xho tsha, Zul sha, from PBan *pia] = new

Rrabishi [?] = confuse v.rabsha [see rabishi] = confusionradhi [from Ara ridha] = approval; goodwill

radi [from Ara racd] = thunderrafiki [from Ara rafiq] = friendrafu [from Ara raff] = shelfraha [from Ara raha] = rest n.rahisi [from Ara rahis] = cheaprai [from Ara ray] = viewraia [from Ara racia] = subject, citizenrais [Mwe laisi from Ban from Ara rais] = presidentrakaa [from Ara rakca] = prayer with bowsrakibu [from Ara rakiba] = mount, ride v.ramadhani [from Ara ramadhan] = fasting monthramli [from Ara raml] = divinationramsa [from Per] = fair n.randa [Kik randa from Per randa] = plane n.rangi [Bem ilangi, Gan langi, Kik rangi, Rwa rangi from Per rang] = color, paint, dye n.rasha [from Ara rasha] = spray, daub, smear n.rasmi [from Ara rasmi] = official adj.ratibu [from Ara rataba] = arrange v.ratli [Gan latiri, Kik ratiri from Ban from Ara ratl from Gre litra] = pound n.raufu [from Ara rawf] = kind adj.refu [Her re, Kik raya, Lub le, Mwe lihu, Sho refu, Sot telele, Ven lapfu, from PBan

*dai(pu)] = long, high adj.rehani [from Ara rahn] = pledge n.rehema [from Ara rahma] = mercyriba [from Ara riba] = usury, interestridhaa [from Ara ridha] = agreementrikebu [Kik merikebu from Ban from Ara markab] = ship, craftripota [from Eng] = reporterripoti [Bem lipoti, Kik riboti from Ban from Eng] = reportrisasi [Kik rithathi from Ban from Ara rasas] = lead, bulletrisiti [Kik rithiti from Ban from Eng] = receiptrithi [from Ara ritha] = inherit v.riziki [from Ara rizq] = provision, foodrobo [from Ara rubc] = quarterrobota [from Ara rabita] = bundle, baleroho [Kik roho from Ban from Ara ruh] = spirit, soulroshani [from Ara rawshan from Per roshan 'roof-light'] = balconyrubani [from Ara ruban] = captain, pilotruhusa [Kik rutha from Ban from Ara ruhsa] = permit, leave; holidayruka [Kik ruuga, guruka, Nko guruka, Rwa guruka, Sho bururuka, from PBan *ruka] =

fly, jump, leap v.runinga [from Ger Grundig] = television setrupia [Kik rubia from Hin rupya] = rupeerusha [see ruka] = make fly, throw v.rushwa [Rwa ruswa from Ban from Ara rushwa] = briberutuba [from Ara rutuba] = moisture

ruzuku [from Ara razaqa] = supply (food) v.

Ssaa [Bem nsa, Gan ssawa, Kik thaa, Lin sa, Lub saa, Mwe saa, Rwa saha from Ban from

Ara saca] = hour; clock, watchsaba [from Ara sabca] = sevensababu [from Ara sabab] = cause, reasonsabini [from Ara sabcin] = seventysabuni [Kik thabuni, Lin sapuni, Rwa sabune from Ban from Ara sabun from Lat sapo, -

nis] = soapsaburi [from Ara sabr] = patience, waiting; tranquillitysadaka [from Ara sadaqa] = alms, charitysafari [Kik thabari from Ban from Ara safar] = trip, journey, expedition, drivesafi [from Ara saf] = pure; genuinesafina [from Ara safina] = ship, arksafiri [from Ara safara] = travel v.safu [from Ara saff] = row, linesaga [Dua sia, Gan sa, Kik thiya, Kon sya, Sot sila, Ven sila, Zul sila, from PBan

*ceag-] = grind v.sahani [Kik thani, Lin sani, Mwe sahani, Rwa sahani from Ban from Ara sahn] = plate,

dish; recordsahau [from Ara saha] = forget v.sahihi [from Ara sahih] = correct, authenticsaidia [from Ara sacida] = help v.saili [from Ara saala] = ask v.saka [Gan saka, from PBan *cak-] = hunt, chase, search for v.sakafu [from Ara saqf] = roof, ceilingsakini [from Ara sakana] = settle, quiet v.sala [Bem isali from Ban from Ara sala] = prayersaladi [Kik tharati, Zul saladi from Ban from Eng] = saladsalama [from Ara salama] = peace; health, safety, robustnesssalamu [from Ara salam] = peace; greetingssali [from Ara sali] = pray v.salia [Bem shala, Dua sala, Kik tigara, Kon syala, San sagala, Zul sala, from PBan

*tigad-] = left, remain v.salimu [from Ara salima] = greet v.samaki [Kik thamaki, Lin samaki, Mwe samaki from Ban from Ara samak] = fish n.samani [from Hin from Per saman] = utensilssamawati [from Ara samawi] = celestial; sky-bluesambusa [from Per sambuse from Ara sambusak; cf. Hin samosa] = filled pastrysamehe [from Ara samaha] = forgive, be generous v.samli [Kik thamuri from Ban from Ara samn] = ghee, clarified buttersana [from Ara sani 'high'] = verysana [from PBan *tian-] = forge v.sanaa [from Ara sanca] = handicraft, industry, trade; artsanamu [Bem nsalamu from Ban from Ara sanam] = idol, image; picturesanda [from PBan *canda] = shroud, cloth

sandarusi [from Ara sandarusi] = resin, sandaracsanduku [Gan ssanduko, Kik ithanduku, Lin sanduku, Rwa sanduku from Ban from Ara

sanduq] = box, trunk, chestsanii [from Ara sanaca] = make v.santuri [from Ara santir from Gre psalterion] = zyther; gramophonesarabi [from Ara sarab] = miragesarafu [from Ara sarf] = spending; coinsarufi [from Ara sarf] = conjugation; grammarsasa [Mwe haha] = nowsataranji [from Ara shatranj from Skt chaturanga] = chesssaumu [Kik thaumu from Ban from Ara sawm] = fasting; Lentsaumu [from Ara thawm] = garlicsauti [from Ara sawt] = sound, voicesawa [from Ara sawa] = equalsayari [from Ara sayyara] = planetsema [Ven sema] = say v.senti [Kik thendi, Zul senti from Ban from Eng] = centseremala [Kik mutharamara from Per shirwani 'roof'] = carpenterserkali [Kik thirikari from Per sarkari 'of the government'] = governmentsetiri [from Ara satara] = conceal v.shaba [Mwe isava from Ban from Ara shabah] = coppershabaha [from Ara shibh] = likeness, resemblanceshabaha [Kik cabaa] = targetshabihi [from Ara shabaha] = resemble v.shada [from PBan *cadu] = bead, bunch, clustershahada [from Ara shahada] = testimony, creedshahidi [from Ara shahid] = witness, martyrshairi [from Ara shicr] = poetry, poemshaka [from Ara shakk] = doubt, suspicionSham [from Ara Sham] = Syria; Damascusshamasi [from Ara shammas] = deaconshamba [Kik camba] = fieldshanta [from Ara shanta from Tur canta] = bag; suitcase; knapsacksharabu [from Ara shariba] = drink, absorb v.shari [from Ara sharr] = evil, adversitysharifu [from Ara sharif] = noblesharti [from Ara shart] = term, conditionshati [Bem ishati, Gan sati, Kik cati, Sho shati from Ban from Eng] = shirtshauku [from Ara shawq] = lust, desire; interestshauri [from Ara shura] = advice; councilshavu [from PBan *cagu] = cheekshavu [Mwenda saku, Ven thafu, from PBan *caku] = calf of legshayiri [Kik cairi from Ban from Ara shacir] = barleyshehena [from Ara shahn] = load, freightshemasi [from Ara shammash from Heb] = deaconshemeji [Lin semeki] = brother-in-law

shenzi [from Per] = uncivilizedsherehe [from Ara sharaha] = gleesheria [from Ara sharia] = lawsherizi [from Ara shiras from Tur ciris] = glueshetani [Kik cetani from Ban from Ara shaytan] = evil spirit, devil, fiend, Satanshiba [from Ara shabica] = sated v.shika [from PBan *cika] = hold fast v.shilingi [Kik ciringi from Ban from Eng] = shillingshimo [from PBan *timo] = holeshina [Sangu sin-, from PBan *cina] = trunk (of tree), base, sourceshinda [Zul sinda, from PBan *kind-] = overcome v.shindo [Zul sindo, from PBan *kindo] = noiseshingo [Dua nyingo, Fan tsing, Gan singo, Her osengo, Kam ngingo, Kik ngingo, Kon

ulusingo, Lin nkingo, Lub shingo, Mwe mhingo, from PBan *kingo] = neckshirika [from Ara shirka] = partnership; company; officeshiriki [from Ara sharika] = share, partner v.shoka [Kik ithoka, Lin soka, from PBan *coka] = axesho [Gan sona, Lin sona, Lub sona, Sho sona, from PBan *con-] = sew v.shtaki [Kik thitaka, Mwe shidaki from Ban from Ara ishtaka] = accuse v.shua [?] = launch (boat) v.shughuli [from Ara shughl] = businessshujaa [from Ara shujac] = brave; heroshuka [Gan suka, Kik cuka, Rwa shuka] = loincloth; sheet (on bed)shukrani [from Ara shukran] = thanks, gratitudeshuku [from Ara shakka] = doubt, suspect v.shukuru [from Ara shakara] = thank v.shule [Rwa shuri from Ban from Ger Schule from Gre skhole] = schoolshumaa [Kik mucumaa from Ban from Ara shamca] = candle; wickshungi [see tunga] = plait n.shuta [Bem sula, Kik thuria, Ven sula, Zul suza, from PBan *cud-] = fart, break wind v.shuzi [Bem cisushi, Fan nsil, Ven masudzi, tshisudzi, from PBan *cudi] = fart, wind n.shwari [from Ara] = calm n.siafu [Kik thuraku, from PBan *cidaku] = ant sp. (army ant)siagi [see teleza; Kik thiagi, Ven tshiredzi] = buttersiasa [from Ara siyasa] = politicssifongo [Kik thibanji from Ban from Ara isfanj] = spongesifuri [from Ara sifr] = nought, zerosigara [Kik thigara from Ban from Eng] = cigarsigareti [Gan ssegereti, Zul sikeleti from Ban from Eng] = cigarettesihiri [from Ara sihr] = magic, witchcraftsiki [Bem shiki, Kik thiki] = vinegarsikia [Kik igua from PBan *jigu-] = hear v.sikio [see sikia] = earsiku [Che tsiku, Lub tuku, Mwe lushiku] = daysilaha [from Ara silah] = weaponsimama [Zul simama, from PBan *tidam-] = stand v.

simba [Mwe nshimba, Umb simbe, Ven tsimba, Zul nsimba, from PBan *cimba] = lionsimu [Kik thimu] = telegramsinagogi [Kik thunagogi from Ban from Eng] = synagoguesindano [Bem lushindano, Kik cindano] = needlesinema [Bem sinema, Kik thinema from Ban from Eng] = cinemasinia [from Ara siniya] = tray, platesinzia [from PBan *tingid-] = doze, sleepy v.siri [from Ara sirr] = secretsisi [Bem tu, Mwe ise, Sot re, Ven ri, Zul si, thi, from PBan *ti] = wesita [from Ara sita] = sixsitaha [from Ara sith] = surface, decksitawi [from Ara] = prosper v.sitini [from Ara sitin] = sixtysizi [Sot mosidi, Zul sizi, from PBan *kidi] = sootskurubu [Kik thikurubu from Ban from Ger Schraube] = screwsokisi [Kik thogithi, Zul sokisi from Ban from Eng] = sockssoko [Rwa soko from Ban from Ara suq] = marketsokota [Mwe sogota] = twist v.soma [Bem soma, Gan soma, Kik thoma, Mwe soma, Rwa soma, from PBan *com-] =

read v.staajabu [from Ara isticjaba; see ajabu] = be surprised, wonder v.stahili [from Ara istahila] = deserve v.starehe [from Ara istarih; see raha] = rest, repose v.stimu [Kik thitima from Eng steam] = electricitysuali [from Ara sual] = questionsubana [Kik thubana from Ban from Ara kustuban from Per angoshtane] = thimblesubira [see saburi] = patiencesufu [from Ara suf] = woolsufuria [Kik thuburia, Mwe isufuliya, Rwa safuriya from Ara] = pot (metal)sugua [Kik theria, from PBan *tiugud-] = rub, wipe v.suhubi [from Ara suhba] = friendsujudu [from Ara sajada] = bow down, prostrate v.suka [Bem suka, Kik thuka] = shake v.suka [Gan luka, Lub luka, Mwe suka, Sho ruka, Ven luka, Zul aluka, from PBan *dok-]

= plait v.sukari [Gan sukali, Kik cukari, Mwe sukali, Rwa sukali from Ban from Ara sukkar from

Gre sakkharon] = sugarsuke [Ven thotshe] = ear of cornsukuma [see suka] = thrust v.sulubu [from Ara salaba] = hardness, energysuluhu [from Ara sulh] = peace; reconciliationsumu [Kik thumu from Ban from Ara samm] = poisonsura [from Ara sura] = form, image, picture, appearance; list, register; chaptersuruali [Kik thuruari from Ban from Ara sirwal from Per shalwar] = trouserssuza [from PBan *cug-] = wash, rinse v.swala [from PBan *cuada] = antelope

Ttaa [Gan tala, Kik tawa, Mwe tala, Rwa tara] = lamptaabu [from Ara tacab] = effort, trouble; distresstaamuli [from Ara tacammul] = effort; thoughtfulnesstaarifa [from Ara tacrif; see arifu] = report; praise; definitiontabaka [from Ara tabaqa] = layertabasamu [from Ara tabasama] = smile v.tafadhali [from Ara tafaddhal; see fadhili] = pleasetafakari [from Ara tafakkara; see fikara] = meditate v.tafrija [from Ara tafarruj] = recreationtafsiri [from Ara tafsir; see fasiri] = commentary, explanation; translationtafuna [Her tatuna, Kon thafuna, Mwe dakuna, Nya tafuna, San thafunya, Sot hlahuna,

Umb tekina, Ven tafuna, Zul hlafuna] = chew v.taga [from PBan *taag-] = lay eggs v.taharuki [from Ara taharraka; see haraka] = move, hurry v.tahayari [from Ara tahayyar] = perplexed, ashamed v.tahiri [from Ara tahara] = circumcise v.taifa [from Ara tayfa] = group, crew; troop; tribe; nationtaji [Kik tanji from Ban from Ara taj from Per] = crowntajiri [from Ara tajir] = merchant; wealthy mantaka [Rwa taka, Sot leraga, from PBan *taka] = dirt, earthtaka [Gan taga, from PBan *tak-] = desire, want v.takabali [from Ara taqabbala; see kibali] = accept v.takabari [from Ara takabara; see kiburi] = proud v.takatifu [Bem takatifu, Rwa tagatifu from Ban from Ara] = chosen, holytakia [from Ara takia] = support; cushiontako [Bem litako, Che thako, Her etako, Lub tako, Mwe idako, Nya thako, Sot lerago,

lesago, Umb taku, Ven shaho, from PBan *tako] = butt, base, endtalaka [from Ara talaq] = divorce n.talasimu [from Ara tilasm from Gre telesma] = talismantama [from Ara tamm] = finaltamaliki [from Ara tamallaka; see miliki] = rule, dominate v.tamani [from Ara tamanni] = desiretamba [Dua lamba, Gan tambula, Her tamba, Kon thambalala, Lin tambola, Sot rapela,

from PBan *tamb-] = walk (proudly), strut v.tambaa [Kik tambia, from PBan *tamb-] = stretch, extend v.tambaa [see tamba] = crawl v.tambika [Gan tamba, from PBan *tamb-] = offer, sacrifice v.tambua [from PBan *tambud-] = understand, name, quote v.tamu [Mwe semu] = sweettanabahi [from Ara tanabbuh] = considerationtanda [Bem tanda, from PBan *tand-] = spread v.tandabui [see buibui; Bem tandabube] = spider's webtandala [Bem usansala, from PBan *tondodo] = antelope, kudutandika [Kik tandika] = lay, spread v.tando [see tanda; Mwe tando] = spider's web

tandu [see tando] = centipedetanga [from PBan *tanga] = sail, mattangawizi [Kik tangauthi] = gingertangi [itangi from Ban from Eng] = tank, containertango [Her etanga, Sot leraka, Ven luranga, shanga, Zul thanga, from PBan *tanga] =

pumpkin, calabash, gourd, cucumbertano [Bem fisano, Dua tanu, Gan ttano, Her tano, Kik ithano, Kon hano, Lin mitano,

Lub tano, Nko tano, Mwe tano, Nya sanu, Rwa tanu, San sano, Sho shanu, Sot hlano, Tsw tlhano, Umb tanu, Ven thanu, Zul hlanu, from PBan *taano] = five

tanuu [Bem itanuna from Ban from Ara tannur] = kilntanzi [see tanda] = looptanzia [from Ara tanzil] = announcementtapika [Kik tahika] = vomit v.tarabu [from Ara tarab] = joy; music; concerttaraja [from Ara tarraja] = hopetarakimu [from Ara tarqim] = document; numberingtaratibu [from Ara tartib] = order; compositiontarehe [from Ara tarih] = history; date; chroniclestarizi [from Ara taraza] = embroider v.tasa [Mwe dasa, from PBan *taaca] = barren, sterile (animal)tasa [from Ara tas] = basintasbihi [from Ara tasbih] = rosarytaslimu [from Ara taslim; see salamu] = handover, delivery, surrender; paymenttaswira [from Ara taswir] = picture, portrait; map; descriptiontataga [Ven ratha, from PBan *ta(n)t-] = pass, cross, go over v.tatu [from PBan *tat-] = tangle v.tatu [Bem fitatu, Dua lalo, Gan ssatu, Her tatu, Kik thatu, Kon thathu, Lin misato, Lub

sato, Nko shatu, Mwe datu, Nya tatu, Rwa tatu, San thathu, Sho tatu, Sot tharo, Tsw tharo, Umb taatu, Ven raru, ntharu, Zul thathu, from PBan *tatu] = three

tauni [from Ara tacwn] = plaguetausi [from Ara taws from Gre taos] = peacocktawala [from Ara tawala] = rule v.tawi [Mwe itamvi, Sangi taki, Sot thabe, Ven davhi, lutavhi, thavhi, from PBan *tabi] =

branchtaya [Mwe isaja, from PBan *caja] = cheek, jaw, templetayari [from Ara tayyar] = readytazama [from PBan *tad-] = look at v.tega [Bem tea, Kik tega, Lub teya, Mwe tega, Sot thea, rea, raya, Tsw thaea, raela, Ven

rea, Zul thiya, from PBan *teg-] = (set) trap v.tego [see tega] = charm n.tekenya [Bem tekunya, from PBan *tekeny-] = tickle, shake v.tekenya [see tekenya; Zul thekenya] = jigger, fleateketeke [from PBan *tek-] = soft v.teleza [Bem telela, Kon thelemuka, Sot thelela (relela), Ven redza, Xho theleza, Zul

thele, sheleza, from PBan *ted-] = slip, slide v.teli [from Per tela] = gold; thread (of gold), braid (of gold)

tema [Bem tema, Che tema, Gan tema, Kik tema, Kon themela, Mwe tema, Rwa tema, San thema, Sho tema, Sot rema, Tsw rema, Ven rema, from PBan *tem-] = cut, slash, chop, hew v.

tembo [from PBan *tembo] = elephanttenda [from PBan *tend-] = dotende [Kik ndende, Sot lerete, Vende dzhende, Zul sende, from PBan *kende] = datesteta [Ven rera, Zul thetha, from PBan *tet-] = speak, dispute v.tete [Bem itete, Mwe idete, from PBan *tete] = reedtetea [from PBan *tetid-] = cackle v.teua [Kik thuura, Sot hlaola, Ven taula, from PBan *taud-] = pick, choose v.tetemeka [Bem tutuma, Mwe ditima, Sot tetema, Zul tetema, from PBan *tetem-] =

shake, tremble v.thabiti [from Ara thabit] = firm, steadythawabu [from Ara thawab] = rewardthelathini [from Ara thalathin] = thirtytheluji [Kik tharunji from Ban from Ara thalj] = snowthamani [from Ara thamn] = price, valuethemanini [from Ara thamnin] = eightythenashara [from Ara ithna cashara] = twelvethuluthu [from Ara thulth] = third parttia [Bem tea, Dua te, Sot thea, from PBan *tea] = put v.tii [from Ara taic] = obedienttikisa [Zul tekezela, from PBan *tek-] = shake v.tikiti [Bem itikiti, Gan tikiti, Kik tigiti, Sho tikiti, Zul thikithi from Ban from Eng] =

tickettimia [Mwe timila] = complete v.timu [Kik timu, Zul timu from Ban from Eng] = teamtini [from Ara tin] = figtisa [from Ara tisca] = ninetishari [from Per teshale] = lighter shiptisini [from Ara tiscin] = ninetytoa [from Ban] = offer, put forth v.toba [from Ara tawba] = penitence, repentancetoboa [Kik tobora, from PBan *tubud- from *tub-] = bore, pierce v.tochi [Bem toki, Gan ttoci, Kik toci, Sot thotshi, Zul thoshi from Ban from Eng] = torch,

flashlighttofali [Bem itafwali, Kik itubari, Lub tafwadi from Ban from Ara tufal] = clay; bricktofauti [from Ara tafawut] = differencetohara [from Ara tahara] = puritytomba [Gan tomba, Zul thomba, from PBan *tomb-] = copulate v.tona [Bem tona, Gan tonnya, Mwe tona, from PBan *ton-] = drip v.tongoza [see ongoa; Kik tongoria] = lead, seduce; precede v.tope [Bem iloba, Lub tapi, Ven matope, from PBan *tope] = mudtosha [Mwe tosha] = enough v.tota [from PBan *tot-] = sink v.tovu [from PBan *cob-] = lacking

towashi [from Ara tawashi] = eunuchtowe [see udongo; Zul dongwe, longwe] = claytowea [?] = season v.toweka [from PBan *dob-] = disappear v.tua [Gan tula, Lub tula, Zul thula, from PBan *tuud-] = set down, stop, quiet v.tufani [from Ara tufan] = flood; stormtuhuma [from Ara tuhma] = suspiciontukana [Bem tuka, Dua loa, Her tukana, Kon thuka, Sot roga, Zul thuka, from PBan

*tukan-] = abuse v.tukutu [Ven thukunya, Zul thuku] = restless, excitedtuli [see tua] = quiettuma [Bem tuma, Dua loma, Fan lum, Gan tuma, Her tuma, Kik tuma, Kon thuma, Lin

toma, Lub tuma, Mwe tuma, Nya tumiza, Sho tuma, Sot roma, Ven ruma, Zul thuma, from PBan *tum-] = send v.

tumaini [from Ara itiman] = confidence; hopetumba [Bem tumba, Gan tumbuka, Zul thumba, from PBan *tumb- 'swell'] = budtumbako [Kik mbaki, Mwe itumbati from Hin tambaku] = tobaccotumbili [Mwe nhumbili, from PBan *tumbidi] = monkeytumbo [Mwe mhumbi, Sho dumbu, Ven thumbu, Zul thumbu, from PBan *tumbo] =

abdomen, stomachtunga [see funga; Bem tunga, Gan tunga, Mwe tunga] = compose, put together v.tupu [Lub tupu, Mwe duhu, from PBan *tupu] = empty, vain; nakedtwaa [Bem twala, Gan toola, Her twara, Kik twara, Kon thwala, San thwala, Sot rwala,

Ven hwala, rula, Zul thwala, from PBan *tuad-] = take, lead, carry v.twiga [Kik nduiga, Mwe nhwiga, Rwa twiga, Sho twiza, from PBan *tuiga] = giraffe

Uua [Kik uraga, Mwe vulaga, Sho uraya, Sot bolaya, Ven bulayo, vhulaha, Zul bulala,

from PBan *budag-] = kill v.ua [see uga] = court n.ua [Bem iluba, Kik ihua, Lub luba, Mwe iuwa, Sho ruva, Sot leloba, Ven dzuvha, Zul

luba, from PBan *duba] = floweruaguzi [see agua; Kik uraguri] = divinationuajemi [from Ara cajam] = Persiauambukizio [see ambukiza] = infectionuangalizi [see angalia] = care, attentionuapo [see apa] = oathubani [Bem bubani, Kik ubani from Ban from Ara luban] = olibanum, frankincense,

incenseubao [Bem mbao, Kik rubau] = plank, boardubavu [Bem Lubfu, Kik rubaru, Lub bavu, Mwe luvazu, Sho mbabvu, Ven luvhabvu,

mbabvu, from PBan *badu] = rib, sideubawa [see bawa] = wingubongo [Bem bongobongo, Fan boo, Lin bongo, Lub bongo, Mwe vongo, Sot bjoko,

Tsw boboko, Ven mwongo, from PBan *bongo] = brainuchaguzi [see chagua] = electionuchao [see cha] = dawn

uchawi [Bena umuhavi, MaKon uhawi, Yao usabi, from PBan *cabi] = witchcraftuchovu [Mwe zova] = tirednessudevu [see kidevu] = hair (of beard)udhi [see adha] = annoy v.udhuru [from Ara cudhr] = excuse n.udogo [see dogo] = smallnessudongo [Mwe vulongo, Sho dongo, Sot boloko, Zul dongwe, longwe, from PBan

*dongo] = soiludugu [see ndugu] = kinshipufa [Ven muna, Zul fa, from PBan *kua] = crack, cleftufagio [see fagia; Bem ceswa, Lub weyo, Mwe sheyo, Ven luswielo] = broomufalme [see mfalme] = kingdomufundi [see funda] = craftsmanshipufunguo [see funga; Bem lufungulo, Kik kihinguro, Lub fungula, Rwa funguzo] = keyufupi [see fupi; Bem bwipi, Kik ukuhi] = shortnessufuta [see mafuta] = oil-seeduga [Mwe lubuga, Rwa buga, from PBan *buga] = open space in village, village square,

threshing floorugali [Mwe vugali, from PBan *gadi] = mush, pap; stiff porridgeugolo [Mwe vugolo] = snuff n.ugomvi [see gomba] = quarrel n.ugonjwa [see mgonjwa] = sicknessugua [Zul gula, from PBan *jugud-] = ill v.ugwe [see kigwe] = corduharibifu [see haribu] = destructionuhuru [see huru; Kik uhuru] = freedomujane [see mjane] = widowhooduji [from PBan *igi] = thin porridgeujima [from Ara ijmac; see jamaa] = union, associationujira [from Ara ujra; see ajiri] = rent, wagesujinga [see mjinga] = follyujuzi [see jua; Sho ruzivo, Ven ndivho] = knowledgeukali [see kali; Bem bukali] = fierceness, severityukanda [from PBan *kanda] = strap, beltukindu [Kik mukindu, from PBan *kindu] = palm tree, palm leaf stripukoa [see koa] = beltukungu [Bem lukungu, Xho kungu, Zul nkungu, from PBan *kungu] = mist, fog, dustukuta [Rwa kuta, from PBan *kuta] = wall, fenceulalo [Bem bulalo, Lub lalo, Rwa raro, from PBan *dado] = bridgeulaya [Bem bulaya, Gan bulaya, Kik ruraya, Mwe vulaya, Rwa uburayi from Hin vilayat

from Ban from Ara wilaya; see wilaya] = Europeulezi [Mwe vulegi, from PBan *degi] = millet sp.ulezi [see lea; Bem buleshi] = upbringing, educationulimbo [Bem bulimbo, Mwe wilembo, from Ban] = birdlime

ulimi [Bem lulimi, Dua eyeme, Kik rurimi, Kon ululimi, Lin lolemu, Lub dimi, Mwe lulimi, Rwa uluimi (indimi), Sho rurimi, Sot leleme, Ven lulimi, Xho lwimi, Zul limi, from PBan *dimi] = tongue

uliza [Gan bulira, Kik uria, Mwe vulegi, from PBan *buudid-] = ask v.ulozi [see loga; Bem buloshi, Kik urogi] = witchcraft, sorceryuma [Bem suma, Gan luma, Her rumata, Kik ruma, Kon luma, Lub suma, Mwe luma,

Rwa ruma, Sando luma, Sho ruma, Sot loma, Tsw loma, Ven luma, Zul luma, from PBan *dum-] = bite v.

uma [Kik uma] = forkumande [Ven mwando] = dewumba [Bem bumba, Kik umba, Kon vumba, Lub bumba, fumba, Mwe vumba, San

vumba, Sot bopa, Ven vhumba, Zul bumba, fumba, from PBan *bumb-] = create, mould, shape, form v.

umbo [from umba; Ven luvhumbo] = form, shape n.umbu [from PBan *dumbu] = brother (his), sister (his)umeme [from PBan *me] = lightningumika [Gan lumika, from PBan *dumik-] = cup, bleed by cupping v.umio [Kik mumero, Lub minu, from PBan *mido] = throat (internal)umri [from Ara cumr] = lifetime, ageumuka [Bem buka, Lub jumuka, Rwa byuka, vuka, Ven vuwa, Xho mka, Zul muka,

vuka, from PBan *jimuk-] = rise, wake up v.unga [Bem bunga, Gan wunga, from PBan *junga] = flourunga [Her vonga, Kon vungana, Mwe lunga, San vungana, Sot boka, Xho bhunga, Zul

bunga, from PBan *bung-] = wrap, gather, join v.ungo [from PBan *jungo] = basket (for winnowing)ungua [from PBan *dungud-] = burn, singe v.ungulia [Kik rungurira, Xho lugulela, Zul lungulila, from PBan *dungudid-] = heartburn

v.unguza [see ungua; Kik rungura] = burn, scorch v.uongo [Kik urongo, from PBan *dongo] = lie, falsehoodupande [see pande] = side, pieceupara [Bem ipala, Fan fee, Lub bala, Sot lefatla, Tsw lefatla, from PBan *pada] =

baldnessupawa [see kipawa] = ladleupendo [see pendo] = love n.upeo [see kipeo] = summit, endupepo [see pepea; Lub pepele, Sho mhepo, Tsw phefo] = wind n.upishi [see pika] = cookeryupote [see pota] = bowstringuradhi [see radhi] = satisfactionurefu [see refu; Rwa rebure, Ven vhulaphu] = lengthurujuani [from Ara arjawan] = purpleushanga [see changa; Lub sanga] = beadsusiku [Bem bushiku, Fan lu, Nya usiku, Dua su, Her outuku, Kam utuku, Kik utuku,

Kon uvusiku, Lub fuku, Mwe vuziku, San lusiku, Sho usiku, Sot bosego, Ven vhusiku, Zul suku, from PBan *tuku] = night

uso [Bem menso, Fan si, Kik uthiu, Mwe vushu, Sho uso, Zul so, from PBan *cu] = faceuta [see vita; Bem buta, Che uta, Her outa, Kik uta, Lub buta, Mwe vuta, Sot bora, Tsw

bora, Ven vhura] = bow n.utambaazi [see tambaa] = trailutambi [Benda lutambo, Kik rutambi] = wickutenzi [see tenda] = poemutomvu [from PBan *tombu] = sapuume [see mume] = penisuvundo [see vunda] = smell, stenchuwingu [see wingu] = skyuza [Che gula, Kik gura, Mwe guja, Nya gula, Rwa gura, from PBan *gud(i)-] = sell

(buy) v.uzani [from Ara wazn] = balance, weightuzazi [see zaa; Kik uciari] = birthuzi [Gan zi, Kik uuthi, Lub nji, Mwe vuzi, from PBan *di] = thread

Vvaa [Bem fwika, fwala, Dua boto, Her zara, Kon fwala, Lub vwala, Mwe zwala, San

fwala, Sot tswara, Umb uala, from PBan *duad-] = dress, wear v.vazi [see vaa] = garmentvika [see vaa] = clothe v.vimba [Bem fimba, Kik imba, Lin vimba, Mwe vimba, Sot vipa, Ven vhimba, zwimba,

Zul vimba, from PBan *bimb-] = swell v.viringana [Bem bulunga, Mwe vilinga, from PBan *biding-] = round v.vita [Bem fita, Dua bila, Her ovita, Kik mbita, Kon uvwithe, Lub vita, Sot -ra (dira,

mogwera), Umb ta, Ven -ra (tshira), Zul tha, from PBan *taa] = warvua [see vaa; Bem fula, Lub vula, Mwe zula] = undress v.vua [Gan vuba, Xho vuba, from PBan *bub-] = fish v.vua [Fan yop, Gan loba, Lub loba, Mwe lova, Sot duba, Xho duba, from PBan *dub-] =

fish v.vuja [Sot dutla, Ven bvuda, Zul vuza, from PBan *duidi-] = leak v.vuka [from PBan *cabuk-] = cross v.vuke [see fukia] = vapor, steamvukuta [Mwe fuguta, from PBan *dukut-] = blow bellows v.vuli [Lin elili, Lub ledi, Mwe lili, Zul lili, from PBan *didi] = shadevuma [Sot duma, modumo, Zul duma, from PBan *dum-] = buzz, rumble v.vumbua [Gan vumbula, Kik rumbura, Rwa vumbura] = uncover, discover v.vumilia [Sot dumela] = bear v.vumba [from PBan *dumba] = bad smell n.vumbi [from PBan *gumbi] = dustvuna [Sot buna, Zul vuna, from PBan *bun-] = reap, harvest n.vunda [Ven unda, Zul vunda, from PBan *gund-] = smell, mouldy, rotten v.vunde [see vunda] = smelly, tainted foodvunja [Gan vuna, Rwa vuna, from PBan *bun(j)-] = break v.vuta [Kik ruta, Mwe luta, from PBan *dut-] = pull v.

W

wa [Bem ba, Dua be, Gan ba, Rwa ba, San va, Sot ba, Ven vha, Zul ba, from PBan *ba] = be v.

waa [Lub baja, Sot mmala, Umb vela, Ven vala, Zul bala, from PBan *bada] = speckle, patch, blotch

wadi [from Ara wadi] = watercourse, desert stream; valleywafaransa [Kik mubaranja from Por] = Frenchwajibu [from Ara wajib] = obligatory, prescribed; proper; importantwajihi [from Ara wajh] = face, countenancewaka [Mwe vaka, vacha, Rwa aka, Zul basa, from PBan *bak-] = burn v.wakala [from Ara wikala] = agency, representation, proxy; ministrywakati [from Ara waqt] = timewakf [from Ara waqf] = foundation, fund; comma, pausewakia [from Ara uqia from Lat uncia] = ouncewakili [from Ara wakil] = agent, representative, spokesman; ministerwali [Mwe wali] = ricewamba [from PBan *bamb-] = apply by stretching v.wanga [Kik wanga] = starchwapi [see pi] = wherewaraka [from Ara waraqa] = letter, notewaridi [from Ara ward] = rosewasaa [from Ara wasac] = width; comfortwasha [Bem baba, Kon vava, Sot baba, from PBan *bab-] = itch v.washa [see waka] = kindle, light v.wasifu [from Ara wasf] = descriptionwasili [from Ara wusul] = arrivalwastani [from Ara wastani] = mediocre, averagewavu [Kik wabu, from PBan *jabu] = netwayo [Lub wayo, Sot lenao, Ven lwayo, Zul nyawo, from PBan *jajo] = footprintwaza [Her vara, Kon vala, Rwa bara, San vasa, Sot bala, Ven vhala, Zul bala, from

PBan *bad-] = count, reckon v.wazi [from Per baz] = open adj.waziri [from Ara wazir] = ministerweka [Bem bika, Gan bika, Kik iga, Kon vika, San vikha, Sot bea, Ven vhea, Zul beka,

from PBan *biik-] = put v.wema [see ema] = goodnesswembe [Gan wembe, Kik wembe, from PBan *gembe] = razorwengu [from PBan *bengu] = spleen, miltwewe [Bem iwe, Che iwe, Gan ggwe, Kik wee, Lub wewe, Mwe veve, Rwa wowe, Umb

ove, Zul we, from Ban] = youweza [Mwe weja, from PBan *baac-] = can v.wilaya [from Ara wilaya] = province, districtwima [Bem ima, Che ima, Gan yima, Mwe ima, imilika, Sot ema, Ven ima, Zul ma,

from PBan *jim-] = erect, standingwimbi [Mwe ivimbi, Ven vhimbi, from PBan *bimbi] = wave n.wimbo [see imba; Bem lwimbo, Che nyimbo, Gan yimba, Kik ruimbo, Ven luimbo] =

song

winda [Umb binda] = hunt v.wingi [see ingi; Kik uingi] = plenty, abundancewingu [ from PBan *bingu] = sky, cloudwino [Kik wino] = inkwizara [from Ara wizara] = ministrywoga [Kik guoya, Lub owa, Mwe vova, from PBan *joga] = fear n.

Yyabisi [from Ara yabis] = dryyahudi [Kik muyahudi from Ban from Ara yahud from Heb yehudi] = Jewyai [Bem mani, Gan gi, Lub yi, Mwe igi, Rwa gi, Sho zai, Sot legae, Ven gai, from

PBan *jaji] = eggyakini [from Ara yaqin] = certainlyyamini [from Ara yamin] = right handyamkini [from Ara imkan] = possibility, abilityyatima [from Ara yatim] = orphanyeye [Lin ye, Sho iye, Umb eye, Zul ye, from Ban] = heyumba [Mwe yumba, from Ban] = stagger v.yunani [from Ara yunani from Gre iones] = Greek

Zzaa [Dua ya, Gan zaala, Kik ciara, Kon umfyele, Mwe wyala, Rwa byara, Sot tswala,

Tsw tsala, Ven dzwala, Zul zala, tshala, from PBan *biad-] = bear child v.zabibu [Kik thabibu, from Ban from Ara zabib] = raisins, grapeszaburi [Kik thaburi, Rwa zaburi from Ban from Ara zabur] = psalmzaidi [from Ara zayid] = supplemented; morezaka [from Ara zaka] = tithezama [Gan zaama, from Ban] = sink v.zamani [from Ara zaman] = timezana [from Ara zina] = fittings; ornament, decoration; luxury, jewels; weaponszebaki [from Ara zaibaq] = mercuryzeituni [from Ara zaytun] = olivezia [Dua ia, Gan zira, Her zera, Sot ila, Ven ila, Zul zila, PBan *gid-] = abstain, avoid,

hate, taboo v.ziada [from Ara ziyada] = surplus, increase n.ziara [from Ara ziyara] = visit n.ziba [Fan dzi, Gan ziba, Mwe chiva, Zul ziba, from PBan *dib-] = stop up, plug v.zika [see ficha; Bem shika, Gan zika, Her sisika, Kik thika, Lub jika, Mwe jika] = bury

v.zima [Bem shima, Dua dima, Fan dzim, Gan zima, Her zema, Kon sima, Lub jima, Mwe

zima, San sima, Sho dzimura, Sot tima, Ven dzima, Zul cima, from PBan *dim-] = extinguish v.

zima [Kik gima, Lub jima, Zul zima, from PBan *gima] = whole, healthy, soundzinaa [from Ara zina] = adulteryzinga [Dua dingele, Gan zinga, Her rizenga, Lub jinga, Sot dika, Ven dzinga, Zul zinga,

from PBan *ding-] = turn, twist; go round v.

zito [Dua dila, Gan zito, Kik ritu, Kon sitho, Lin zito, Lub jito, Mwe dito, from PBan *dito] = heavy

ziwa [Bem ishiba, Dua madiba, Her omeva, Kik iria, Kon ikisiva, Lin liziba, Lub jiba, Rwa riba, Sot sediba, Umb ba, Ven dzivha, Zul ziba, from PBan *diba] = pool, lake; breast

zohali [from Ara dhahl] = forgetting, oblivionzonga [Gan zunga, from PBan *diong-] = wind, turn round v.zua [Bem shula, Sot thula, from PBan *diud-] = pull out, unearth, bring to light v.zulia [from Ara] = carpetzulika [Zul zula, from Ban] = dizzy v.zumari [from Ara zummara] = flutezunguka [see zonga; Zul zungula, zunguzane, from Ban] = go round v.zuri [Kiv zuri, from Ban] = nicezuri [from Ara zur] = lie; perjury

***

Sources:1. Meinhof, Carl: Grundriss einer Lautlehre der Bantusparchen

(Leipzig, 1899)2. Schoenbrun, D. L.: Historical Reconstruction &c. (Koeln, 1997)3. Hoch, M.: Bemba Dictionary (New York, 1998)4. Barlow, A. R.: Kikuyu Dictionary (Oxford, 2001)5. Akowuah, T. A.: Lingala Dictionary (New York, 1996)6. Kriel, T.J.: Popular Northern Sotho Dictionary (Pretoria, 1994)7. Mawadza, A.: Shona Dictionary (New York, 2000)8. Moeketsi, R.H.: Southern Sotho Dictionary (Jeppestown, 1998)9. Perrott, D. V.: Swahili Dictionary (Sevenoaks, 1992)10. Le Roux, J. C.: Tswana Dictionary (Jeppestown, 1999)11. Fodor, I.: Introduction to the History of Umbundu (Budapest, 1983)12. Warmelo, N.J. van: Venda Dictionary (Pretoria, 1989)13. McLaren, J.: A New Concise Xhosa Dictionary (Cape Town, 1994)14. Doke, C M. et al.: Zulu Dictionary (Jo’burg, 1999)

Online resources:1. CBOLD (Comparative Bantu Online Dictionary)2. Alpha Dictionary (Nkore, &c.)3. Chewa Dictionary (Mtenje 2001)4. Ganda Dictionary (Snoxall 1967)5. Rwanda Dictionary (Paradis)6. Sangu Dictionary (Ndaillac 1995)7. Sukuma Dictionary (Mann 1966)

Abbreviations:Ara = ArabicBan = BantuBem = BembaChe = Chewa (Chichewa)

Chi = ChineseDua = DualaEng = EnglishEth = EthiopianFan = FangFre = FrenchGan = GandaGer = GermanGre = GreekHeb = HebrewHer = HereroHin = HindiIta = ItalianKam = KambaKik = KikuyuKiv = KivinzaKon = KondeLat = LatinLin = LingalaLub = Luba (Chiluba)Mwe = Mwezi (Nyamwezi)Nko = NkoreNya = Nyanja (Kinyanja)PBan = Proto-BantuPer = PersianPor = PortugueseRun = Rundi (Kirundi)Rwa = Rwanda (Kinyarwanda)San = SangoSho = ShonaSkt = SanskritSot = SothoSSot = Southern SothoSuk = SukumaTsw = Tswana (Setswana)Tur = TurkishUmb = UmbunduVen = VendaXho = XhosaZul = Zulu

Notes:Nya (Kinyanja) is the same as Che (Chichewa) unless indicated separatelySot (Sotho) is Northern Sotho unless indicated otherwise;Tsw (Tswana) is the same as Sotho unless indicated separately;Xho (Xhosa) is the same as Zul (Zulu) unless indicated separately