swan coastal plains shrublands and woodlands

Conservation Management Zones of AustraliaSwan Coastal Plains Shrublands and Woodlands

Prepared by the Department of the Environment

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This project and associated products are the result of a collaboration between the Biodiversity Conservation Division and the Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN). Invaluable input, advice and support were provided by staff and leading researchers from across the Department of the Environment (DotE), Department of Agriculture (DoA), the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), and the academic community. We would particularly like to thank staff within the Wildlife, Heritage and Marine Division, Parks Australia and the Environment Assessment and Compliance Division of DotE, Nyree Stenekes and Robert Kancans (ABARES), Sue McIntyre (CSIRO), Richard Hobbs (University of Western Australia), Michael Hutchinson (ANU); David Lindenmayer and Emma Burns (ANU); and Gilly Llewellyn, Martin Taylor and other staff from the World Wildlife Fund for their generosity and advice.

Special thanks to CSIRO staff Kristen Williams and Simon Ferrier whose modelling of biodiversity patterns enabled identification of the Conservation Management Zones of Australia.

© Commonwealth of Australia, 2015.

The Conservation Management Zones of Australia profile is licensed by the Commonwealth of Australia for use under a Creative Commons By Attribution 3.0 Australia licence with the exception of the Coat of Arms of the Commonwealth of Australia, the logo of the agency responsible for publishing the report, content supplied by third parties, and any images depicting people.

For licence conditions see here.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/

ContentsAcknowledgement of Traditional Owners and Country.................................................................4

Introduction....................................................................................................................................4

Zone at a glance............................................................................................................................5

Population characteristics..............................................................................................................9

Employment, volunteering and incomes......................................................................................14

Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice...................17

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas..............................................20

Zone vegetation characteristics...................................................................................................23

Ramsar and Nationally Important Wetlands................................................................................24

World and National Heritage.......................................................................................................25

Major National Reserve System properties.................................................................................26

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communities.................................................................27

EPBC Act (1999) threatened species..........................................................................................28

EPBC Act (1999) migratory species............................................................................................32

Threatened endemic species......................................................................................................34

Invasive species..........................................................................................................................36

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations............................................................39

Acknowledgement of Traditional Owners and CountryThe Australian Government acknowledges Australia’s Traditional Owners and pays respect to Elders past and present of our nation’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities. We honour the deep spiritual, cultural and customary connections of Traditional Owners to the Australian landscape, including Australia’s waterways, land and sea country.

Introduction The 23 Conservation Management Zones of Australia are geographic areas, classified according to their ecological and threat characteristics. The zones are also aligned with the Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation of Australia.

The Conservation Management Zones provide a way of understanding Australia’s natural environment that will assist in long-term conservation planning and help the Australian Government to better design, deliver and report on Natural Resource Management (NRM) investments, including ensuring alignment of national NRM priorities with local action.

The Conservation Management Zones also provide a filter through which to make national environmental and socio-economic data more accessible and comprehensible, and a framework for gathering on-ground knowledge and expertise about the environment. This will improve information flow to the Australian Government about regional NRM requirements, best practice management, emerging NRM issues and knowledge gaps.

The Conservation Management Zones do not represent any change to existing administrative boundaries or governance structures, but aim to support the NRM and wider community to cooperatively manage environmental assets across boundaries, where they share common threats, ecological characteristics and stakeholders.

Each Conservation Management Zone profile contains a standard suite of nationally available ecological and socio-economic information. We hope that this information will enable Australians of all ages and backgrounds to engage with, understand and appreciate Australian landscapes, and support all Australians to manage our natural resources more effectively.

The profile information provides an indicative, high-level stock-take of the environmental and socio-economic landscape and it is not intended to be comprehensive. It should also be noted that, at present, the profiles contain only limited information on aquatic ecosystems, coastal assets and Indigenous land management practices. In future, consultation and comprehensive literature reviews will enable us to provide more complete information.

.

Zone at a glance

Source: Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics data

MAJOR CITIES AND TOWNS POPULATION

Baldavis 13,528

Bunbury 68,248

Busselton 21,429

Ellenbrook 25,549

Perth (excluding suburbs in adjacent zones) 1,565,129

Yanchep 4,236

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (NRM) REGIONSNorthern Agricultural Catchments Council Inc WA

Peel Harvey Catchment Council WA

Perth Region NRM inc WA

TOP FIVE AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES VALUE (MILLIONS)

Vegetables for consumption $140

Nurseries and cut flowers $75

Fruit $58

Beef $49

Eggs $38

Total value of agricultural commodities (including other commodities not listed here) $422

CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS*Mean annual temperature 17.6 Celsius

Mean Maximum of the Hottest Month 30.8 Celsius

Mean Minimum of the Coldest Month 7.6 Celsius

Mean Annual Rainfall 737.1 mm

CLIMATE CHARACTERISTICS*Dominant rainfall season Winter

* The figures are interpolated 75-year means (1921 to 1995) representing the period prior to the onset of rapid climatic warming. Cited in: Williams KJ, Belbin L, Austin MP, Stein J, Ferrier S (2012) Which environmental variables should I use in my biodiversity model? International Journal of Geographic Information Sciences 26(11), 2009–2047. (Data derived from Australian Climate surfaces version 2.1 for the ANUCLIM-BIOCLIM package).

For future climate projections please refer to: http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/


Native Title area Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone, it continues to represent important Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to Indigenous persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.

http://www.climatechangeinaustralia.gov.au/

Source: Based on data from the National Native Title Register; Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database (CAPAD); National Vegetation Information System (NVIS); Species’ Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT).

Population characteristics

Population


LANGUAGES SPOKEN AT HOMEEnglish 78.06%

Other languages 16.30%

Not stated 5.44%

Education

Employment, volunteering and incomes

Employment

Volunteering


Agriculture, Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM adviceAustralian farmers manage over 60% of the Australian continent and shoulder much of the burden of responsibility for maintaining and protecting Australia’s natural resource wealth. The information contained in this profile aims to assist the wider community, non-governmental organisations and government agencies to support Australia’s key environmental custodians.

Agricultural commodity values


Natural Resource Management practices and sources of NRM advice

* Data obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) 2012 Land Management Practices Survey (LaMPS) 2012. LaMPS collected land practices information from approximately 50,000 farm businesses across Australia. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units and Australian Agricultural Environment units. The % figures presented here are indicative only. For more information on LaMPS please refer to: http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[email protected]/mf/4630.0

** The sample for the Drivers of Practice Change 2012 survey consisted of a random subsample of 1228 broadacre farm managers from the Australian Agricultural and Grazing Industries Survey (AAGIS) frame. The data has been aligned to Conservation Management Zones from ABS Statistical Area 2 units. For this reason, the figures presented here are indicative only.

^ This chart indicates the sources of advice utilised for native vegetation management from respondents who identified they sought advice.

For more information please refer to http://www.daff.gov.au/SiteCollectionDocuments/forestry/domestic-forestry/prep-for-future/drivers-

Land tenure, land use, Native Title and Local Government Areas

Source: Land tenure data based on Environmental Resources Information Network (ERIN) categorisation of Public Sector Mapping Authority (PSMA) State Tenure 2012; Land use mapping based on Australian Collaborative Land Use and Management Program (ACLUMP) 2012. For more information on Australian land use and management information and classification please refer to: http://www.daff.gov.au/ABARES/aclump/

INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS

South-West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council: http://www.noongar.org.au

INDIGENOUS LAND COUNCILS

Although there have been no Native Title Determinations finalised within this Conservation Management Zone, it continues to represent important Indigenous heritage values and places that are of deep significance to Indigenous persons and their practices, observations, customs, beliefs and history.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREASCity Of Armadale WA

City Of Bayswater WA

City Of Belmont WA

City Of Bunbury WA

City Of Busselton WA

City Of Canning WA

City Of Cockburn WA

City Of Fremantle WA

City Of Gosnells WA

City Of Joondalup WA

City Of Kwinana WA

City Of Mandurah WA

City Of Melville WA

City Of Nedlands WA

City Of Perth WA

City Of Rockingham WA

City Of South Perth WA

City Of Stirling WA

City Of Subiaco WA

City Of Swan WA

City Of Vincent WA

City Of Wanneroo WA

Shire Of Capel WA

Shire Of Chittering WA

Shire Of Coorow WA

Shire Of Dandaragan WA

Shire Of Dardanup WA

Shire Of Gingin WA

Shire Of Harvey WA

Shire Of Kalamunda WA

Shire Of Moora WA

Shire Of Mundaring WA

Shire Of Murray WA

Shire Of Peppermint Grove WA

LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREASShire Of Serpentine-Jarrahdale WA

Shire Of Victoria Plains WA

Shire Of Waroona WA

Town Of Bassendean WA

Town Of Cambridge WA

Town Of Claremont WA

Town Of Cottesloe WA

Town Of East Fremantle WA

Town Of Mosman Park WA

Town Of Victoria Park WA

Zone vegetation characteristics

The National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) framework is a nationally consistent vegetation classification system based on vegetation data collected by states and territories. It provides information on the extent and distribution of vegetation types across the Australian landscape.

Two products are used to provide the Zone Vegetation Characteristics graph. A modelled pre-European vegetation distribution (pre-1750), and extant (current extent) vegetation, which is based on contemporary vegetation mapping. The information presented here relates to Major Vegetation Subgroups (MVSs). There are 85 MVS types across Australia, describing the structure and floristic composition of dominant and secondary vegetation stratums (e.g. canopy and mid-storey species). Major Vegetation Subgroups only reflect the dominant vegetation type occurring in an area from a mix of vegetation types. Less-dominant vegetation groups which may also be present are therefore not represented.

It is important to note that the vegetation information is indicative only, as state and territory mapping in Australia is of variable resolution and scale. However, this data is the best available nationally consistent information on vegetation, and the dataset continues to evolve and increase in accuracy.

Analysing this information at Conservation Management Zone, rather than national level provides greater discrimination for decision makers, as clearance levels of vegetation types are not uniform across Australia. For example, eucalypt woodlands with a tussock grass understory is a vegetation type found across Australia. In the Brigalow Woodlands Conservation Management Zone, eucalypt open woodlands with a tussock grass understory originally covered approximately 36% of the zone, but today it only covers only 14.5 % of the zone (58.7% of this vegetation community has been cleared in the Brigalow). In the Northern Australia Tropical Savannah zone, this vegetation type originally occupied 19.6% of the zone. Today, it occupies approximately 19.4% of the zone (only 2.3% of this vegetation type has been cleared). It should be noted that this data only provides an indication of change in extent, and not vegetation condition.

For more information on the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS) please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/science-and-research/databases-and-maps/national-vegetation-information-system

Ramsar and Nationally Important WetlandsRAMSAR WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARESBecher Point Wetlands WA 674

Forrestdale and Thomsons Lakes WA 785

Peel-Yalgorup System WA 26,665

Vasse-Wonnerup System WA 1,114

For more information on Ramsar please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/water/water-our-environment/wetlands/ramsar-convention-wetlands

NATIONALLY IMPORTANT WETLANDS JURISDICTION HECTARES CRITERIA

Barraghup Swamp WA 18.76 1, 2, 3, 6

Becher Point Wetlands WA 0.12 1, 6

Benger Swamp WA 1,086.71 3, 4, 6

Booragoon Swamp WA 29.59 1, 2, 3, 6

Brixton Street Swamps WA 271.63 1, 5, 6

Chandala Swamp WA 435.83 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

Ellen Brook Swamps System WA 19.93 1, 3, 4, 5, 6

Forrestdale Lake WA 0.12 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Gibbs Road Swamp System WA 5,833.15 1, 2, 3, 6

Guraga Lake WA 364.93 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

Herdsman Lake WA 323.54 2, 3, 4, 6

Joondalup Lake WA 563.09 1, 2, 4, 6

Karakin Lakes WA 621.81 2

Lake McLarty System WA 263.60 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

Lake Thetis WA 1.21 1, 6

Lancelin Defence Training Area WA 0.11 1, 2

Loch McNess System WA 195.14 1, 3, 6

McCarleys Swamp (Ludlow Swamp) WA 26.10 1, 2, 3, 6

Palmer Barracks, Guildford WA 0.10 1, 2

Peel-Harvey Estuary WA 3,236.91 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Perth Airport Woodland Swamps WA 192.23 1, 3, 5, 6

RAAF Caversham WA 0.11 2, 3

Rottnest Island Lakes WA 137.33 1, 2, 3, 6

Spectacles Swamp WA 164.52 1, 2, 3, 6

Swan-Canning Estuary WA 3,726.58 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Thomsons Lake WA 236.13 1, 2, 3, 4, 6

Vasse-Wonnerup Wetland System WA 1,981.53 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Wannamal Lake System WA 738.69 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Yalgorup Lakes System WA 5,087.37 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

Nationally important wetlands are defined according to the following criteria:

1. It is a good example of a wetland type occurring within a biogeographic region in Australia.

2. It is a wetland which plays an important ecological or hydrological role in the natural functioning of a major wetland system/complex.

3. It is a wetland which is important as the habitat for animal taxa at a vulnerable stage in their life cycles, or provides a refuge when adverse conditions such as drought prevail.

4. The wetland supports 1% or more of the national populations of any native plant or animal taxa.

5. The wetland supports native plant or animal taxa or communities which are considered endangered or vulnerable at the national level.

6. The wetland is of outstanding historical or cultural significance.

Please note, the above are a subset of all the Nationally Important Wetlands found within the Zone. For more information on Nationally Important Wetlands please see: http://www.environment.gov.au/resource/directory-important-wetlands-australia-third-edition

World and National HeritageHERITAGE VALUES WORLD OR NATIONAL HERITAGE

TYPEJURISDICTION HECTARES % OF

ZONEAustralian Convict Sites (Fremantle Prison Buffer Zone)

World Cultural WA 25.73 0.002

Fremantle Prison(former)

National Historic WA 7.16 0.0005

Please refer to the Australian Heritage Database for detailed information on listing criteria for these heritage values: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

For more information on Australia’s world and national heritage please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/about-australias-heritage

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-heritage-database

Major National Reserve System propertiesMAJOR NATIONAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROPERTIES

Name Property type IUCN category

Jurisdiction Hectares % of zone

Nambung National Park II WA 19,285 1.26

Moore River National Park II WA 17,241 1.13

Yalgorup National Park II WA 13,060 0.86

Watheroo National Park II WA 11,036 0.72

Wanagarren Nature Reserve IA WA 10,983 0.72

Yeal Nature Reserve IA WA 10,912 0.72

Southern Beekeepers Nature Reserve IA WA 10,866 0.71

Boonanarring Nature Reserve IA WA 9,168 0.60

Nilgen Nature Reserve IA WA 5,504 0.36

Namming Nature Reserve IA WA 5,290 0.35

Moore River Nature Reserve IA WA 4,731 0.31

Beekeepers Nature Reserve IA WA 3,763 0.25

Lesueur National Park II WA 3,687 0.24


Yanchep National Park II WA 2,877 0.19

Unnamed WA49994 Conservation Park II WA 2,773 0.18

Drovers Cave National Park II WA 2,564 0.17

Austin Bay Nature Reserve IA WA 1,658 0.11


Unnamed WA44081 Nature Reserve IA WA 1,429 0.09

THE IUCN CATEGORIES ARE AS FOLLOWS:

Ia Strict Nature Reserve IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management objectives. The categories are recognised by international bodies such as the United Nations and are utilised by many national governments, including the Australian Government, as the global standard for defining and recording protected areas.

Ib Wilderness Area

II National Park

III Natural Monument or Feature

IV Habitat/Species Management Area

V Protected Landscape/ Seascape

VI Protected area with sustainable use of natural resources

Please refer to the IUCN website for further explanation: http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

For more information on Australia’s National Reserve System please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

Source: Collaborative Australian Protected Area Database 2012.

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/land/national-reserve-system

http://www.iucn.org/about/work/programmes/gpap_home/gpap_quality/gpap_pacategories/

EPBC Act (1999) threatened ecological communitiesTHREATENED ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES

Name Listing status % of total distribution*

% of zone**

Thrombolite (microbialite) Community of a Coastal Brackish Lake (Lake Clifton)

Critically Endangered

100 0.14

Thrombolite (microbial) community of coastal freshwater lakes of the Swan Coastal Plain (Lake Richmond)

Endangered 100 0.01

Aquatic Root Mat Community in Caves of the Swan Coastal Plain Endangered 100 0.05

Assemblages of plants and invertebrate animals of tumulus (organic mound) springs of the Swan Coastal Plain

Endangered 100 0.04

Sedgelands in Holocene dune swales of the southern Swan Coastal Plain Endangered 100 0.47

Shrublands and Woodlands on Muchea Limestone of the Swan Coastal Plain Endangered 100 0.07

Shrublands and Woodlands on Perth to Gingin ironstone (Perth to Gingin ironstone association) of the Swan Coastal Plain

Endangered 100 0.04

Corymbia calophylla – Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands of the Swan Coastal Plain

Endangered 99.91 0.10

Corymbia calophylla – Kingia australis woodlands on heavy soils of the Swan Coastal Plain

Endangered 97 0.06

Claypans of the Swan Coastal Plain Critically Endangered

94.8 0.54

Shrublands and Woodlands of the eastern Swan Coastal Plain Endangered 77.02 0.02

Shrublands on southern Swan Coastal Plain ironstones Endangered 63.24 0.01

* % of the total national distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the Threatened Ecological Community that is found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area describes the proportion of the zone that the Threatened Ecological Community is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given Threatened Ecological Community above does not imply that the Threatened Ecological Community (TEC) is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. Rather, the % of the TEC’s total distribution (*) within the zone is an indication of its importance to that zone in terms of conservation efforts. The % of the zone (**) indicates how rare, or difficult the ecological community may be to find within the zone.

The threatened ecological communities above are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), which is the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation. For more information, please refer to http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/communities

EPBC Act (1999) threatened speciesTHREATENED MAMMALS

Common name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Woylie Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi Endangered 24.29 17.23

Dibbler Parantechinus apicalis Endangered 6.77 73.25

Western Ringtail Possum Pseudocheirus occidentalis Vulnerable 0.01 0.01

Chuditch, Western Quoll Dasyurus geoffroii Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Burrowing Bettong (Shark Bay), Boodie Bettongia lesueur lesueur Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Black-flanked Rock-wallaby Petrogale lateralis lateralis Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Quokka Setonix brachyurus Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus Endangered n/a n/a

Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis Endangered n/a n/a

Australian Sea-lion Neophoca cinerea Vulnerable n/a n/a

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae Vulnerable n/a n/a

THREATENED BIRDS


% of zone**

Carnaby’s Black-Cockatoo, Short-billed Black-Cockatoo

Calyptorhynchus latirostris Endangered 8.05 30.08

Australian Painted Snipe Rostratula australis Endangered 6.8 98.33

Australasian Bittern Botaurus poiciloptilus Endangered 1.36 5.13

Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora sanfordi Endangered 0.43 29.95

Amsterdam Albatross Diomedea exulans amsterdamensis


Tristan Albatross Diomedea exulans exulans Endangered 0.2 4.87

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus Endangered 0.01 1.92

Baudin’s Black-Cockatoo, Long-billed Black-Cockatoo

Calyptorhynchus baudinii Vulnerable 0.01 1.92

Australian Fairy Tern Sternula nereis nereis Vulnerable 0.01 1.92

Malleefowl Leipoa ocellata Vulnerable 0.01 1.74

White-capped Albatross Thalassarche cauta steadi Vulnerable n/a n/a

Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora epomophora

Vulnerable n/a n/a

Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta cauta Vulnerable n/a n/a

Indian Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche carteri Vulnerable n/a n/a

Forest Red-tailed Black-Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus banksii naso Vulnerable n/a n/a

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli Vulnerable n/a n/a

Soft-plumaged Petrel Pterodroma mollis Vulnerable n/a n/a

THREATENED BIRDS

Slender-billed Thornbill (western) Acanthiza iredalei iredalei Vulnerable n/a n/a

Campbell Albatross Thalassarche melanophris impavida

Vulnerable n/a n/a

Blue Petrel Halobaena caerulea Vulnerable n/a n/a

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans (sensu lato) Vulnerable n/a n/a

Australian Lesser Noddy Anous tenuirostris melanops Vulnerable n/a n/a

Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris Vulnerable n/a n/a

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in.

The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

THREATENED REPTILES

Common Name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Western Swamp Tortoise Pseudemydura umbrina Critically Endangered

100 0.01

Lancelin Island Skink Ctenotus lancelini Vulnerable 99.7 0.0007

Jurien Bay Skink, Jurien Bay Rock-skink Liopholis pulchra longicauda Vulnerable 99.32 0.004

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta Endangered 0.01 2.25

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea Endangered 0.01 2.06

Flatback Turtle Natator depressus Vulnerable 0.01 2.25

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas Vulnerable 0.01 2.25

OTHER THREATENED FAUNA


% of zone**

a short-tongued bee Leioproctus douglasiellus CriticallyEndangered

100 0.02

A native bee Neopasiphae simplicior CriticallyEndangered

100 0.02

Dunsborough Burrowing Crayfish Engaewa reducta CriticallyEndangered

20.59 0.09

Shield-backed Trapdoor Spider, Black Rugose Trapdoor Spider

Idiosoma nigrum Vulnerable May be present

May be present

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias Vulnerable n/a n/a

Grey Nurse Shark (west coast population) Carcharias taurus (west coast population)

Vulnerable n/a n/a

Whale Shark Rhincodon typus Vulnerable n/a n/a

THREATENED FLORA

Common Name Scientific name Status % of totaldistribution*

% of zone**

Limestone Pea Chorizema varium Endangered 100 0.11

Baby Blue Orchid, Blue Babe-in-the-cradle Orchid, Blue Babe-in-a-cradle

Epiblema grandiflorumvar. cyaneum

Endangered 100 0.01

One-sexed Hydatella Hydatella dioica Endangered 100 0.14

Bussell’s Spider-orchid Caladenia busselliana Endangered 100 0.11

Tufted Plumed Featherflower Verticordia plumosavar. ananeotes

Endangered 100 0.01

Swamp Starflower Calytrix breviseta subsp. breviseta

Endangered 100 0.19

Narrow-petalled Featherflower, Mundijong Featherflower

Verticordia plumosa var. pleiobotrya

Endangered 100 0.28

Yanchep Mallee, Wabling Hill Mallee Eucalyptus argutifolia Vulnerable 100 0.96

Beaked Lepidosperma Lepidosperma rostratum Endangered 99.97 10.21

Dwellingup Synaphea Synaphea stenoloba Endangered 99.71 3.96

Glossy-leafed Hammer-orchid,Praying Virgin

Drakaea elastica Endangered 99.51 28.61

Curved-leaf Grevillea Grevillea curviloba subsp. curviloba


Dwarf Green Kangaroo Paw Anigozanthos viridis subsp. terraspectans

Vulnerable 99.28 13.85

McCutcheon’s Grevillea Grevillea maccutcheonii Endangered 98.84 0.30

Gingin Wax Chamelaucium sp. Gingin (N.G.Marchant 6)


Royce’s Waxflower Chamelaucium sp. C Coast Plain (R.D.Royce 4872)

Vulnerable 96.73 2.91

Narrow curved-leaf Grevillea Grevillea curvilobasubsp. incurva


Laterite Petrophile Petrophile latericola Endangered 91.7 1.06

Keighery’s Macarthuria Macarthuria keigheryi Endangered 89.15 3.16

Vasse Featherflower Verticordia plumosa var. vassensis


Slender Andersonia Andersonia gracilis Endangered 87.87 8.60

Wavy-leaved Smokebush Conospermum undulatum Vulnerable 80.2 0.64

King Spider-orchid, Grand Spider-orchid, Rusty Spider-orchid

Caladenia huegelii Endangered 77.22 26.70

Purdie’s Donkey-orchid Diuris purdiei Endangered 76.19 11.14

Summer Honeypot Banksia mimica Endangered 75.43 1.17

Dandaragan Mallee, Mount Misery Mallee Eucalyptus dolorosa Endangered 71.13 4.71

Western Prickly Honeysuckle Lambertia echinata subsp. occidentalis


Southern Tetraria Tetraria australiensis Vulnerable 67.68 0.59

Ironstone Grevillea Grevillea elongata Vulnerable 59.68 0.15

Butterfly-leaved Gastrolobium Gastrolobium papilio Endangered 53.5 0.09

Badgingarra Box Eucalyptus absita Endangered 53.33 5.18

THREATENED FLORA

Dwarf Pea Ptychosema pusillum Vulnerable 52.26 0.37

* % of total distribution describes the proportion of the total national distribution of the threatened species that is found within the zone.

** % of zone describes the proportion of the zone that the threatened species is likely or known to occur in. The % of zone indicates how rare, or difficult the species may be to find within the zone.

The above species are listed under The Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), the Australian Government’s principal environmental legislation.

Please note that the list of threatened flora species is not comprehensive. The flora listed here have a significant proportion of their total national distribution within the zone. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/species or the Species Profiles and Threats Database http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/sprat.pl

EPBC Act (1999) migratory speciesMIGRATORY BIRDS

Common name Scientific name

Amsterdam Albatross Diomedea amsterdamensis

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica

Black-browed Albatross Thalassarche melanophris

Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa

Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus

Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus

Campbell Albatross Thalassarche impavida

Caspian Tern Sterna caspia

Cattle Egret Ardea ibis

Common Greenshank,Greenshank

Tringa nebularia

Common Noddy Anous stolidus

Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos

Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea

Double-banded Plover Charadrius bicinctus

Eastern Curlew Numenius madagascariensis

Flesh-footed Shearwater,Fleshy-footed Shearwater

Puffinus carneipes

Fork-tailed Swift Apus pacificus

Great Egret,White Egret

Ardea alba

Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris

Greater Sand Plover, Large Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii

Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola

Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes

Indian Yellow-nosedAlbatross

Thalassarche carteri

Lesser Sand Plover, Mongolian Plover Charadrius mongolus

Little Curlew, Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus

Marsh Sandpiper, Little Greenshank Tringa stagnatilis

Northern Giant-Petrel Macronectes halli

Northern Royal Albatross Diomedea sanfordi

Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum

Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva

Painted Snipe Rostratula benghalensis(sensu lato)

Rainbow Bee-eater Merops ornatus

Red Knot, Knot Calidris canutus

MIGRATORY BIRDS

Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis

Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres

Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons

Sanderling Calidris alba

Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata

Shy Albatross, Tasmanian Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta (sensu stricto)

Southern Giant-Petrel Macronectes giganteus

Southern Royal Albatross Diomedea epomophora (sensu stricto)

Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus

Tristan Albatross Diomedea dabbenena

Wandering Albatross Diomedea exulans(sensu lato)

Wedge-tailedShearwater

Puffinus pacificus

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus

White-belliedSea-Eagle

Haliaeetus leucogaster

White-cappedAlbatross

Thalassarche steadi

Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola

OTHER MIGRATORY SPECIES

Common name Scientific name

Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus

Bryde’s Whale Balaenoptera edeni

Dusky Dolphin Lagenorhynchus obscurus

Flatback Turtle Natator depressus

Great White Shark Carcharodon carcharias

Green Turtle Chelonia mydas

Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae

Killer Whale, Orca Orcinus orca

Leatherback Turtle, Leathery Turtle, Luth Dermochelys coriacea

Loggerhead Turtle Caretta caretta

Porbeagle, Mackerel Shark Lamna nasus

Pygmy Right Whale Caperea marginata

Southern Right Whale Eubalaena australis

Whale Shark Rhincodon typus

For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/migratory-species

Threatened endemic speciesTHREATENED ENDEMIC SPECIES

Taxonomic group

Scientific name Reservation status EPBC Act status IUCN status

Ants, bees and wasps

Leioproctus douglasiellus Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered

n/a

Plants Caladenia busselliana Unreserved Endangered n/a

Plants Macarthuria keigheryi Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Chorizema varium Unreserved Endangered n/a

Plants Gastrolobium papilio Unreserved Endangered n/a

Plants Chamelaucium chamelaucium sp. c coastal plain

Recorded in reserves Vulnerable n/a

Plants Eucalyptus dolorosa Unreserved Endangered n/a

Plants Trithuria occidentalis Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Lepidosperma rostratum Unreserved Endangered n/a

Plants Grevillea calliantha Unreserved Endangered n/a

Plants Grevillea maccutcheonii Recorded in reserves Endangered n/a

Plants Petrophile latericola Unreserved Endangered n/a

Reptiles Pseudemydura umbrina Recorded in reserves Critically Endangered

Critically Endangered

Reptiles Ctenotus lancelini Unreserved Vulnerable Vulnerable

Concentrations of unreserved endemic species

The colour grids and numbers are an indication of the location and number of endemic species that have all their known range outside of the National Reserve System. Concentrations of unreserved endemic species may be useful focal areas for private land conservation efforts.

Endemism analyses were provided by the Australian Government Department of Environment Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool (ANHAT). The ANHAT database has been compiled from specimens and site records held in state agency wildlife atlases, museum collections, and the work of individual researchers. For more information please refer to: http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/heritage/publications-and-resources/australian-natural-heritage-assessment-tool

Invasive speciesINVASIVE MAMMALS

Common name Scientific name % of total distribution* % of zone**

Rabbit, European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 0.28 99.87

Red Fox, Fox Vulpes vulpes 0.25 99.79

Cat, House Cat, Domestic Cat Felis catus 0.2 99.79

Black Rat, Ship Rat Rattus rattus 1.14 82.97

House Mouse Mus musculus 0.36 82.91

Domestic Dog Canis lupus familiaris 0.37 60.29

Pig Sus scrofa 0.21 48.06

Feral deer species in Australia Feral deer 1.07 26.87

Domestic Cattle Bos taurus 0.24 26.46

Northern Palm Squirrel, Five-striped Palm Squirrel

Funambulus pennantii 38.96 20.71

Brown Rat, Norway Rat Rattus norvegicus 1.5 18.74

Goat Capra hircus 0.09 12.20

OTHER INVASIVE FAUNA


Laughing Turtle-dove, Laughing Dove Streptopelia senegalensis 4.91 99.99

Rock Pigeon, Rock Dove, Domestic Pigeon Columba livia 0.6 99.99

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 1.67 77.40

Spotted Turtle-Dove Streptopelia chinensis 1.14 62.09

Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris 0.43 60.34

Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus 2.08 37.78

House Sparrow Passer domesticus 0.2 37.78

European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 0.35 20.71

Asian House Gecko Hemidactylus frenatus 1.27 18.74

Common Myna, Indian Myna Acridotheres tristis 0.55 18.74

Flowerpot Blind Snake, Brahminy Blind Snake, Cacing Besi

Ramphotyphlops braminus 2.72 10.16

Common Blackbird, Eurasian Blackbird Turdus merula 0.14 8.58

Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus 0.27 0.12

Indian Peafowl, Peacock Pavo cristatus 0.26 0.12

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

INVASIVE FLORA


Bridal Creeper, Bridal Veil Creeper, Smilax, Florist’s Smilax, Smilax Asparagus

Asparagus asparagoides 1.85 99.79

Bitou Bush, Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera 1.98 73.25

Buffel-grass, Black Buffel-grass Cenchrus ciliaris 0.32 73.25

Para Grass Brachiaria mutica 6.46 73.25

Radiata Pine Monterey Pine, Insignis Pine, Wilding Pine

Pinus radiata 2.45 73.25

Olive, Common Olive Olea europaea 7.73 73.25

Broom Genista sp. X Genista monspessulana

4.23 73.25

Blackberry, European Blackberry Rubus fruticosus aggregate 1.16 63.11

Athel Pine, Athel Tree, Tamarisk, Athel Tamarisk, Athel Tamarix, Desert Tamarisk, Flowering Cypress,Salt Cedar

Tamarix aphylla 1.07 49.49

Lantana, Common Lantana, Kamara Lantana, Large-leaf Lantana, Pink Flowered Lantana, Red Flowered Lantana, Red-Flowered Sage, White Sage, Wild Sage

Lantana camara 1 30.95

Willows except Weeping Willow, Pussy Willow and Sterile Pussy Willow

Salix spp. except S.babylonica, S.x calodendron & S.x reichardtii

0.66 28.29

African Boxthorn, Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum 0.75 25.95

Boneseed Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. monilifera

1.18 24.55

Salvinia, Giant Salvinia, Aquarium Watermoss, Kariba Weed

Salvinia molesta 1.04 20.71

Flax-leaved Broom, Mediterranean Broom, Flax Broom

Genista linifolia 4.56 12.21

Madeira Vine, Jalap, Lamb’s-tail, Mignonette Vine, Anredera, Gulf Madeiravine, Heartleaf Madeiravine,Potato Vine

Anredera cordifolia 1.72 10.50

Climbing Asparagus-fern Asparagus plumosus 2.73 5.81

Climbing Asparagus-fern, Ferny Asparagus Protasparagus plumosus 2.73 5.81

Asparagus Fern, Ground Asparagus, Basket Fern, Sprengi’s Fern, Bushy Asparagus, Emerald Asparagus

Asparagus aethiopicus 2.8 5.67

Prickly Pears Opuntia spp. 0.18 4.43

Silver Nightshade, Silver-leaved Nightshade, White Horse Nettle, Silver-leaf Nightshade, Tomato Weed, White Nightshade, Bull-nettle, Prairie-berry, Satansbos, Silver-leaf Bitter-apple, Silverleaf-nettle, Trompillo

Solanum elaeagnifolium 0.39 3.83

Water Hyacinth, Water Orchid, Nile Lily Eichhornia crassipes 0.62 3.82

Bridal Veil, Bridal Veil Creeper, Pale Berry Asparagus Fern, Asparagus Fern, South African Creeper

Asparagus declinatus 9.56 3.60

Delta Arrowhead, Arrowhead, Slender Arrowhead Sagittaria platyphylla 0.59 3.25

INVASIVE FLORA

Montpellier Broom, Cape Broom, Canary Broom, Common Broom, French Broom, Soft Broom

Genista monspessulana 0.32 3.13

Ward’s Weed Carrichtera annua May be present Maybe present

* % of the total national distribution of the invasive species found within the zone.

** % of the total zone area that the invasive species is likely or known to occur in.

It should be noted that the identification of any given invasive species above does not imply that the species is found uniformly across the Conservation Management Zone. The % of the zone area (**) indicates how common or rare the species may be within the zone.

For more information on invasive species please refer to:http://www.environment.gov.au/topics/biodiversity/invasive-species

Vegetation profiles and management recommendations

Vegetation extent information and species lists contained in the vegetation profiles are based on analysis from the National Vegetation Information System (NVIS), including analysis of Major Vegetation Subgroups and NVIS Level V descriptions. Please see http://www.environment.gov.au/node/18930 for more information.

The management recommendations have been drawn from EPBC Act Recovery Plans, EPBC Act Ecological Communities Listing Advice and other sources. The recommendations are indicative only. Systematic reviews of management literature, consultation processes and improved Natural Resource Management program monitoring and evaluation will support development of a comprehensive set of management recommendations over time.

Banksia woodlands vegetation profile

52.72% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityBanksia attenuata; Banksia ilicifolia; Banksia prionotes; Banksia menziesii; Dryandra sp.; Eucalyptus todtiana; Lepidosperma drummondii; Actinostrobus arenarius; Adenanthos cygnorum; Allocasuarina humilis; Jacksonia furcellata; shrub; grass-tree; Anigozanthos humilis; Conostylis aculeata; Eremaea fimbriata; forb; shrub; grass-tree; cycad.

Management recommendationsPROTECTION SUSTAINABLE

AGRICULTURALPRACTICE

REHABILITATION FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT

FERALANIMALMANAGEMENT

DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Ensure only authorised vehicle access for operational purposes. Otherwise, restrict access to pedestrians only and ban trail bike and BMX riding within remnants. Avoid changes to groundwater

Exclude stock. Minimise spray drift from adjacent agricultural lands. Minimise ground and surface water extraction.

Undertake revegetation where there is no evidence of regeneration. Ensure seed and tubestock are locally sourced and attempt to replicate the vegetation structure and diversity of local,

Fire intervals should be a minimum of ten years apart. Use mosaic burning techniques, applied in a variety of seasons and intensities. Retain a range of vegetation age classes

Manage Phytophthora outbreaks as this affects food sources for wildlife, particularly honey possums and other small marsupials.Many species are pollinated by marsupials.

Manage Weeds including Victorian tea-tree, Watsonia, Bulbillifera, African Lovegrass

and Veltgrass.Phosphorus negatively impacts on the regeneration capacity of native

Actively manage cats, rabbits and foxes.Undertake fox and rabbit management simultaneously to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.

Maintain strict hygiene protocols to avoid spreading Phytophthora by vehicle tyres, earthmoving machinery and boots. Treat dieback with phosphite in early Summer, and repeat 4–5 weeks later. Sites should

PROTECTION SUSTAINABLEAGRICULTURALPRACTICE


WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

levels and water quality by maintaining and replanting native vegetation in lands adjacent to remnants.

high quality remnants on similar soils and aspect.

throughout the mosaic.Ensure that fire regimes take account of the lifecycles of obligate seeders with long juvenile periods. Fire should not occur more frequently than twice the juvenile life stage of the slowestmaturing species.Areas that have been recently burnt should be monitored for weeds.

vegetation and encourages proliferation of weeds.

Manage native herbivores to prevent overgrazing.

be treated for a wide area around an infected site.Remove all parts of badly affected plants, including as much of the root system as possible. Manage public access to controlthe spread of dieback.

Eucalyptus woodlands with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

16.19% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityCorymbia calophylla; Eucalyptus gomphocephala; Eucalyptus marginata; Eucalyptus loxophleba; Eucalyptus salmonophloia; Eucalyptus wandoo; Banksia attenuata; Banksia grandis; Acacia cyanophylla; Dryandra sessilis; Hakea cristata; Acacia pulchella; Dryandra nivea; Hibbertia hypericoides; Dodonaea aptera; Acacia dilatata; Allocasuarina humilis; Calothamnus quadrifidus; shrub; cycad; grass-tree.




WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land. See: http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au for information on covenants and private land conservation.Ban firewood harvesting. Protect paddock trees.

Fence, and exclude stock from remnants. Maintain native vegetation remnants and paddock trees as this provides protection against dryland salinity. Fence paddock trees. If no saplings appear after fencing and stock exclusion, replant paddock trees with tubestock from locally sourced seed. Use shade cloth to construct artificial paddock shade and prevent stock camping under trees.Minimise ground and surface water extraction.

Overstorey eucalypt species may not regenerate if sites have been previously grazed. Sites that have retained mosses and lichens are more likely to regenerate naturally. Undertake revegetation where no natural regeneration occurs. Ensure seed and tubestock are locally sourced and attempt to replicate the structure and diversity of local, high quality remnants on similar soils and aspect. Monitor and actively manage weed species in rehabilitation sites.

Reduce the incidence and extent of wildfire by undertaking mosaic burning and maintaining diversity of vegetation age classes in unburnt patches. Maintain existing fire-breaks with a minimum of soil disturbance, using herbicides or mowing wherever possible.

Add coarse woody debris (such as untreated railway sleepers) into sites where fallen timber has been removed. Maintain and protect hollow-bearing trees. If few or no mature hollow bearing trees are present within remnants, provide nesting boxes for mammals and birds. Monitor regularly for invasive species.Ensure fencing is wildlife fencing. No electric fencing and no barbed wire.See http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au/get-involved/wildlife-rehabilitation-and-courses for more information.

Maintain strict hygiene protocols to avoid weed spread.Avoid adverse impacts of chemicals or other mechanisms to manage weeds on native vegetation.

Actively manage cats, rabbits and foxes.Undertake fox and rabbit management simultaneously to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or increases in rabbit populations.Manage native herbivores to prevent overgrazing.

Maintain strict hygiene protocols to avoid spreading

Phytophthora by vehicle tyres, earthmoving machinery and boots. Treat dieback with phosphite in early Summer, and repeat 4–5 weeks later. Sites should be treated for a wide area around an infected site.Remove all parts of affected plants, including as much of the root system as possible. Manage public access to control the spread of dieback.

Other shrublands vegetation profile

42.96% Remaining

Commonly found species within this communityDryandra bipinnatifida; Agonis flexuosa; Dryandra carlinoides; Hakea auriculata; Dryandra shuttleworthiana; Calothamnus quadrifidus; Acacia heteroclita; Acacia rostellifera; Acacia saligna; Acacia decipiens; Acacia cochlearis; Acanthocarpus preissii; Lepidosperma gladiatum; Banksia sp.; Conospermum stoechadis; Lechenaultia linarioides; Hibbertia hypericoides; Burchardia umbellata; Calectasia cyanea; Scaevola crassifolia; Spinifex longifolius; shrub; forb.



REHABILITATION

FIREMANAGEMENT

WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Purchase remnants into reservation.Encourage uptake of conservation agreements and covenants on private land. See: http://www.dpaw.wa.gov.au for information on covenants and private land conservation.Create buffer zones and fence remnants.Protect groundwater levels and water quality through maintaining and replanting native vegetation in adjacent lands.

Exclude stock where possible. Use rotational grazing if sites must be grazed.Protect soils from wind and water erosion by maintaining native ground cover.

Undertake revegetation where no natural regeneration occurs. Ensure seed and tubestock are locally sourced and attempt to replicate the structure and diversity of local, high quality remnants on similar soils and aspect.

Develop and implement appropriate fire management plans. Please seek advice from your local NRM organisation on appropriate regimes. Too frequent and/or intense fires can damage the capacity of vegetation to regenerate and the health of fauna populations. Manage highly flammable weeds and monitor for weeds after fire disturbance.Maintain existing fire breaks with a minimum of soil disturbance, using herbicides or mowing wherever possible.

Monitor and manage native herbivores to prevent overgrazing.

Bridal creeper, Mediterranean Turnip, Freesia, Guildford Grass and cape weed can be major environmental weeds in this type of vegetation.Maintain strict hygiene protocols to avoid weed spread, including when maintaining firebreaks, horse riding, cycling and bush walking.

Actively manage foxes, cats, rabbits and pigs.Undertake fox and rabbit management simultaneously to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or rabbit population increases

Maintain strict hygiene protocols to avoid spreading Phytophthora by vehicle tyres, earthmoving machinery and boots. Treat dieback with phosphite in early Summer, and repeat 4-5 weeks later. Sites should be treated for a wide area around an infected site.Remove all parts of affected plants, including as much of the root system as possible. Manage public access to controlthe spread of dieback.

Eucalyptus open forests with a shrubby understorey vegetation profile

22.71% RemainingCommonly found species within this community

Eucalyptus marginata; Eucalyptus rudis; Corymbia calophylla; Melaleuca rhaphiophylla; Agonis flexuosa; Dryandra sessilis; Allocasuarina fraseriana; Acacia urophylla; Bossiaea aquifolium; Hakea cyclocarpa; Hakea undulata; Macrozamia riedlei; Patersonia rudis; Styphelia tenuiflora; cycad; forb; shrub.




WILDLIFEMANAGEMENT

WEEDMANAGEMENT


DISEASEMANAGEMENT

Protect remnants from clearing. Protect from bore water extraction. Falling water tables are a key threat to the health of forest systems in Western Australia. Protect hollow-bearing trees.Protect standing dead trees and fallen timber. Buffer remnants adjacent to agricultural lands with native vegetation.

Minimise spray drift from adjacent agricultural lands. Maintain native vegetation remnants and paddock trees as this provides protection against dryland salinity. Fence paddock trees and exclude stock. If no saplings appear after fencing and stock exclusion, then replant with tubestock from locally sourced seed.

If remnants show little evidence of regeneration, revegetate with locally sourced seed. The ALCOA bauxite mine rehabilitation sites provide excellent examples of Jarrah Forest rehabilitation. See http://www.alcoa.com/australia/en/info_page/mining_rehab.aspFor more information on rehabilitating forest sites, please contact your local Natural Resource Management region.

Too frequent and intense fires can impact negatively on plants that have long juvenile phases or are slow to set seed. Ensure remnants are monitored closely for weeds after planned fire or wildfire.

If fallen timber has been removed from remnants, replace with coarse woody debris (such as untreated railway sleepers). Fallen timber provides habitat for wildlife. Maintain and protect mature trees as it can take 150-180 years for tree hollows to develop. Hollows provide shelter and breeding habitat for mammals and birds. If few or no mature hollow bearing trees are present within remnants, provide nesting boxes. Monitor regularly for invasive birds and feral honey bees. Ensure fencing is wildlife fencing –

Manage Bridal Creeper and Blackberry.

Actively manage foxes, cats, rabbits and pigs.Undertake fox and rabbit management simultaneously to avoid foxes switching to predation on native species, or rabbit population increases.

Maintain strict hygiene protocols to avoid spreading

Phytophthora by vehicle tyres,earthmoving machinery and boots. Treat dieback with phosphite in early Summer, and repeat 4–5 weeks later. Sites should be treated for a wide area aroundan infected site.Remove all parts of affected plants, including as much of the root system as possible. Manage public access to control the spread of dieback.