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673

Important Bird Areas in Europe – Sweden

■■■■■ SWEDENLARS LINDELL, BJÖRN WELANDER AND STEVE DAHLFORS

Lake Ånnsjön (IBA 014). (PHOTO: ULLA FALKDALEN)

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

Sweden covers 450,000 km2, making it the fourth largest countryin Europe. The effect of the Atlantic Gulf Stream means that it hasa milder climate than other areas at the same latitude. Sweden’sflora and fauna are closely linked to the physical form of thelandscape, which has been greatly affected by the cycle of glacialand interglacial periods.

Sweden has 63 Important Bird Areas (IBAs) covering 12,678 km2

(Table 1, Map 1), equivalent to 3% of the land area. The number ofIBAs has almost doubled since the previous international inventory,which identified 33 (Grimmett and Jones 1989).

Only nine of the 63 IBAs are located in the north of Sweden—sites are mainly concentrated in the densely populated and well-known regions to the south (Map 1). A lack of up-to-dateinformation on some vast sites in the far north has meant that thesehave not been included in the current inventory.

ORNITHOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE

There are 54 species of European conservation concern (SPECs)breeding and/or regularly occurring in Swedish IBAs (Tucker andHeath 1994). Of these SPECs, four are of global conservationconcern: Anser erythropus, Haliaeetus albicilla, Crex crex andGallinago media. Nine sites were selected as IBAs on the basis of

internationally important numbers of one or more of these fourspecies and therefore meet the A1 criterion (Table 2).

IBAs 001, 005, 009 and 014 hold significant numbers of up toeleven species whose distributions in Europe are largely or whollyconfined (when breeding) to the Arctic/tundra biome, and thereforemeet the A3 criterion. IBA 004 holds significant numbers of eightspecies whose distributions are similarly confined to the borealbiome, and therefore also meets the A3 criterion.

Sweden is particularly important for breeding waterbirds andseabirds, with the national populations of Branta leucopsis,Recurvirostra avosetta, Sterna caspia and Cepphus grylle foundmainly within IBAs (Table 4). The island archipelagos of the Balticin particular support large numbers of breeding ducks, waders,gulls, terns and auks (IBAs 020, 024, 027, 038 and 039). Vast areasof mountain and bog in the north, and wet coastal meadows in thesouth also hold a diversity of breeding ducks and waders (IBAs001, 002, 004, 005, 009, 014, 037, 050, 051, 052, 054 and 055). Atotal of 29 sites qualify as IBAs under the A4i/A4ii criteria as theyhold more than 1% of either the biogeographic or global populationof at least one of the congregatory waterbirds and seabirds listedin Table 3.

Due to Sweden’s northerly location in Europe, its IBAs tend tohave been identified for breeding and passage species rather thanfor those that overwinter. Worth mentioning, however, are theassemblages of moulting geese in southern Sweden (for example,Anser anser which, post-moult, move to several IBAs—036, 037,

Table 1. Summary of Important Bird Areas in Sweden. 63 IBAs covering 12,678 km2

IBA 1989code code International name National name Administrative region Area (ha) Criteria (see p. 11)

001 SE033 Taavavuoma Taavavuoma Norrbotten 28,400 A3, B2, C6

002 SE032 Påkketan Påkketan Norrbotten 24,000 B2, C6003 SE030 Lake Laidaure Laidaure Norrbotten 2,000 C2

004 SE031 Sjaunja Sjaunja Norrbotten 208,000 A1, A3, B2, C1, C6

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Table 1 ... continued. Summary of Important Bird Areas in Sweden. 63 IBAs covering 12,678 km2

IBA 1989code code International name National name Administrative region Area (ha) Criteria (see p. 11)

005 SE027 Lake Tjålmejaure–Laisdalen valley Tjålmejaure–Laisdalen Norrbotten 22,200 A3, B2, C6

006 SE029 Lake Persöfjärden Persöfjärden Norrbotten 3,350 B1i, C2, C3, C6

007 SE028 Lake Gammelstadsviken Gammelstadsviken Norrbotten 440 B2, C2, C6

008 — Skvolpen island Skvolpen/Sandgrynnorna/Grillklippan Norrbotten 2,500 B1i, B1ii, B2, C2, C6

009 SE026 Vindelfjällen mountains (including Lake Vindelfjällen (med Tärnasjön) Västerbotten 550,000 A3, B2, C6Tärnasjön)

010 SE025 River Umeälven delta Umeälven delta Västerbotten 1,500 A4i, B1i, C2, C3

011 — Holmöarna archipelago Holmöarna Västerbotten 27,000 A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B2, C2, C3, C6

012 — Bonden island Bonden Västerbotten 5 B1ii, B2, B3, C3

013 — Gnäggen island Gnäggen Västerbotten 4 B1ii, B3, C3

014 SE024 Lake Ånnsjön–Storlien Ånnsjön–Storlien Jämtland 90,000 A1, A3, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, B2, B3,C1, C2, C6

015 SE023 River Dalälven–Hovran Dalälven–Hovran Dalarna 5,030 A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6

016 SE021 River Svartån Svartån Västmanland 1,870 A4i, B1i, C2

017 SE022 River Dalälven–Färnebofjärden Dalälven–Färnebofjärden Uppsala 11,200 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6

018 — Båtfors–Bredfors Båtfors–Bredfors Uppsala 2,700 C6

019 — Ledskär–Karlholm Bay Ledskär–Karlholm Uppsala 3,500 A4i, B1i, C2, C3

020 — Björn archipelago Björns skärgård Uppsala 3,000 A4i, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6

021 — Lake Tämnaren Tämnaren Uppsala 13,500 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6

022 — Florarna Florarna Uppsala 16,500 B3, C6

023 SE020 Lake Hjälstaviken Hjälstaviken Uppsala 820 A4i, B1i, C3

024 — Gräsö archipelago Gräsö skärgård Stockholm 18,000 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6

025 — Dannemora Dannemora Uppsala 11,500 A1, B2, C1

026 — Tarnan–Riala forest Tarnan–Riala forest Stockholm 7,500 B2, C6

027 SE019 Outer Stockholm archipelago Stockholms yttre skärgård Stockholm 9,100 A4i, A4ii, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C2,C3, C4, C6

028 — Lake Östra Styran Östra Styran Stockholm 117 C2

029 — Hanveden–Hemfosa Hanveden–Hemfosa Stockholm 3,500 B2, C6

030 — Sandemar Sandemar Stockholm 1,700 B1i, B3, C2, C3

031 — Lake Tysslingen Tysslingen Örebro 600 A4i, B1i, C2, C3

032 — Bay of Rynningeviken Rynningeviken Örebro 600 C6

033 SE018 Kvismaren Kvismaren Örebro 800 A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C3, C6

034 — Lake Storhjälmaren Storhjälmaren Örebro 600 A4i, B1i, C2

035 SE017 Bay of Kilsviken Kilsviken Värmland 8,910 B2, C2, C6

036 SE013 Lake Tåkern Tåkern Östergötland 5,620 A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6

037 — Bay of Svensksundsviken Svensksundsviken Östergötland 3,300 A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C3

038 — Dannskär–Örskär islands Dannskär–Örskär Östergötland 95 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6

039 SE012 St Anna archipelago St Anna skärgård Östergötland 5,690 B2, C6

040 SE015 Dättern–Södra Brandfjorden Dättern–Södra Brandfjorden Västra Götaland 3,320 B2, C6

041 SE016 Lake Östen Östen Västra Götaland 1,020 A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C3

042 SE014 Lake Hornborgasjön Hornborgasjön Västra Götaland 6,350 A4i, B1i, B1iv, B2, B3, C2, C3, C5, C6

043 SE011 Stigfjorden Fjord Stigfjorden Göteborg och Bohus 8,500 B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6

044 — Bay of Torslandaviken Torslandaviken Göteborg och Bohus 250 B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3

045 — Bay of Kungsbackafjorden Kungsbackafjorden Göteborg och Bohus 4,000 A4i, B1i, C3

046 — Lake Ralången Ralången Jönköping 54 C2

047 SE008 Lake Kävsjön and Store Mosse Kävsjön and Store Mosse Jönköping 7,450 B1i, C7

048 — Lake Solgen Solgen Jönköping 4,000 A1, A4i, B1i, B3, C1, C2

049 SE010 Karlsö islands Karlsöarna Gotland 4,570 B1ii, B3, C3

050 SE009 Coastal areas around Gotland island Gotlands strandängar Gotland 4,100 A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6

051 — Båtafjorden Fjord Båtafjorden Halland 200 B3, C6

052 SE007 Getterön Getteröns naturreservat Halland 355 B1i, B3, C2, C3, C6

053 SE006 Lake Åsnen Åsnen Kronoberg 13,500 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C3, C6

054 SE005 Coastal areas around Öland island Östra Ölands strandängar Kalmar 10,190 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6

055 SE004 Ottenby Ottenby Kalmar 1,610 A4i, B1i, C2, C3

056 — Kullaberg Kullaberg Skåne 7,500 B1ii, B3, C3, C6

057 — Bay of Skälderviken Skälderviken Skåne 5,500 A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B1iv, B2, B3, C3, C4,C5, C6

058 — North-east Scania coastline and archipelago Skärgårdskusten i NÖ Skåne Skåne 10,914 A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3, C6059 — Bay of Lundåkrabukten Lundåkrabukten Skåne 20,000 B1i, C2, C3

060 — Bay of Lommabukten Lommabukten Skåne 30,000 B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6

061 SE001 Falsterbo–Bay of Foteviken Falsterbo–Foteviken Skåne 20,000 A4i, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, B2, B3, C2, C3,C5, C6

062 SE002 River Klingavälsån–Lake Krankesjön Klingavälsån–Krankesjön Skåne 3,975 B1i, C2

063 SE003 River Helgeån Helgeån Skåne 5,300 A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6

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Map 1. Location, area andcriteria category of ImportantBird Areas in Sweden.

050 and 055) and Anser fabalis overwintering at IBAs in the mostsoutherly province, Skåne (IBAs 058, 060 and 062). In spring andautumn tens of thousands of Branta leucopsis and B. bernicla stopover on the Baltic islands (mainly Gotland and Öland) (IBAs 050,054 and 055) (Table 3).

Due to the dispersed nature of their distribution, raptors are notadequately covered by the IBA network (Table 4). The incompletenature of the Swedish IBA inventory has meant that a number ofother breeding SPECs are not adequately covered either—for

Table 2. Important Bird Areas in Sweden that are important forspecies of global conservation concern (meeting criterion A1).

Species IBA code

Anser erythropus Lesser White-fronted Goose 004

Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle 004, 024, 037, 048, 053, 054, 058Crex crex Corncrake 025

Gallinago media Great Snipe 014

2

5

4

1

3

13

1011

12

7

14

8

9

6

21

28

2623

16

34

25

221918

17

15

30

2933

20

32

24

27

5350

54

55

63

62

59

60

61

5756

58

5251

43

44

45

39

38

3135

41

3642

46

3740

4748

49

N O R W A Y

N O R W E G I A NS E A

S K A G E R R A K

K A T T E G A T

B A L T I CS E A

G U L FO F

B O T H N I A

F I N L A N D

Area of IBA (ha)

A (35 IBAs)

B (23 IBAs)

Highest category ofcriteria met by IBA

4 to 1,609

1,610 to 4,569

4,570 to 11,499

11,500 to 550,000

C (5 IBAs)

0 300150

km

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example Gavia stellata, G. arctica, Mergus albellus, Caprimulguseuropaeus, woodpeckers and other forest species (for example,Perisoreus infaustus).

HABITATS

Four principal vegetation zones run approximately south–norththrough Sweden: the Nemoral, Boreonemoral, Boreal and Alpinezones. The first is restricted to the south-west coastal fringe andcontains vegetation strongly influenced by the oceanic climate, suchas Fagus forest and Calluna heathland. The second zone is one oftransition between the Nemoral and Boreal zones, and covers mostof southern Sweden. It is typified by mixed forest comprising speciesthat are rare or absent in the Boreal zone (for example, Quercus andCorylus). The majority of the Swedish land area falls within the Borealzone—a western continuation of the Eurasian taiga or coniferousforest. Alpine habitats are restricted to the Caledonian mountains, along chain of mountains in the north-west that rise to just over2,000 m.

Table 3. Important Bird Areas in Sweden that supportimportant numbers of one or more congregatory species (i.e.meeting criteria A4 and/or B1). IBAs meeting both criteria A4and B1 for the species are shown in bold. IBAs meeting onlycriterion B1 for the species concerned, and not A4, are shownin normal type. For key to ‘Season’, see p. 7.

Species Season IBA code

Podiceps grisegena B 036, 042Red-necked Grebe

Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant B 038P 024, 057, 060

Cygnus olor Mute Swan P 045Cygnus columbianus Bewick’s Swan P 050Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan W 043, 048

P 015, 017, 031, 041, 042, 062, 063N 016

Anser fabalis Bean Goose B 010W 058, 060, 063P 006, 019, 021, 023, 031, 033, 036, 037, 041,

042, 053, 059, 063Anser anser Greylag Goose B 061

P 019, 021, 023, 037, 042N 036

Branta leucopsis Barnacle Goose B 050, 055P 050, 054, 055

Branta bernicla Brent Goose W 055P 055, 061

Anas crecca Teal B 010, 052P 019, 042

Anas acuta Pintail P 042Anas clypeata Shoveler P 061Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck W 030

P 030Somateria mollissima Eider B 027, 050

N 027Melanitta fusca Velvet Scoter B 027Bucephala clangula Goldeneye P 045

N 043, 044Mergus albellus Smew P 021Mergus serrator B 027

Red-breasted Merganser P 045Mergus merganser Goosander B 010, 027

P 019, 021, 053Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 014Grus grus Crane P 033, 042, 061Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 050, 054, 061Charadrius hiaticula Ringed Plover B 050Pluvialis apricaria Golden Plover P 059, 060Calidris alpina Dunlin B 061

P 019, 059, 061Gallinago media Great Snipe B 014Tringa totanus Redshank B 054Arenaria interpres Turnstone R 011

B 027, 050Stercorarius parasiticus Arctic Skua B 027Larus fuscus B 027

Lesser Black-backed GullLarus argentatus Herring Gull B 058

W 060Sterna caspia Caspian Tern B 008, 020, 024, 027, 038, 050, 054, 058

P 008, 019, 034N 021

Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 050Uria aalge Guillemot B 012, 027, 049

W 056, 057Alca torda Razorbill B 012, 013, 020, 027, 049

W 057Cepphus grylle Black Guillemot B 008, 011, 012, 020, 027

Table 4. Species of European conservation concern and specieslisted on Annex I of the EC Birds Directive with significant breedingpopulations at IBAs in Sweden (meeting any IBA criteria).

Minimum Proportion (%) of national breeding national population

population breeding at all IBAsSpecies 1 (pairs) 2 in SwedenGavia stellata Red-throated Diver 1,000 6Gavia arctica Black-throated Diver 5,000 2Podiceps auritus Slavonian Grebe 1,200 3Botaurus stellaris Bittern 200 33Anser erythropus Lesser White-fronted Goose 5 1003

Branta leucopsis Barnacle Goose 2,700 1003

Mergus albellus Smew 75 16Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle 190 10Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier 1,400 9Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier 800 2Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle 600 2Pandion haliaetus Osprey 3,400 3Falco rusticolus Gyrfalcon 100 10Porzana porzana Spotted Crake 100 12Crex crex Corncrake 250 5Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet 1,000 90Calidris maritima Purple Sandpiper 1,000 2Limicola falcinellus Broad-billed Sandpiper 3,000 2Gallinago media Great Snipe 700 6Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel 7,500 2Tringa totanus Redshank 10,000 13Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope 14,000 2Larus canus Common Gull 100,000 6Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull 15,000 8Larus marinus Great Black-backed Gull 10,000 6Sterna caspia Caspian Tern 425 96Sterna hirundo Common Tern 20,000 4Sterna paradisaea Arctic Tern 20,000 22Sterna albifrons Little Tern 450 41Chlidonias niger Black Tern 180 28Alca torda Razorbill 9,000 42Cepphus grylle Black Guillemot 7,000 1003

Bubo bubo Eagle Owl 390 3Nyctea scandiaca Snowy Owl 10 —4

Caprimulgus europaeus Nightjar 2,500 3Lullula arborea Woodlark 2,000 5Locustella naevia Grasshopper Warbler 3,000 3

1. Only those species of European conservation concern (see Box 1, p. 12) that meet IBAcriteria in Sweden are listed, together with those species listed on Annex I of the EC BirdsDirective that fulfil criterion C6 in IBAs in Sweden.

2. Data are taken from the BirdLife/EBCC European Bird Database 1998 (Heath and Borggreve 2000).3. The percentage of the national population in IBAs exceeds 100%. Usually this is because the

national population estimate has not been updated recently whilst the IBA populationestimate has been recently updated with new data as a result of comprehensive surveys ofIBAs themselves. Also, the individual site count for a species may be the maximum oraverage over recent years, and summing these may record more birds than are presentnationally in any single year.

4. No population data available for Swedish IBAs.

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Figure 1. Habitats at Important Bird Areas in Sweden(see Appendix 3 for definitions of habitats).

forests and woodland occurring at 69% of sites (Figure 1). Key speciesinclude Botaurus stellaris, Anas strepera, A. acuta, A. querquedula,Grus grus, Limosa limosa and Chlidonias niger at wetland sites, andAquila chrysaetos, Pandion haliaetus, Caprimulgus europaeus, Jynxtorquilla, Picus canus, P. viridis, Picoides tridactylus, Lullula arborea,Phoenicurus phoenicurus and Perisoreus infaustus in forests.

Grassland habitats are also widespread and are found in 65%of IBAs, with humid grassland being the most common type. Keygrassland species include Crex crex, Calidris alpina, Numenius arquataand Alauda arvensis. Thirty-five percent of IBAs include marine areaswithin their boundaries. Due to the importance of the Swedishcoastline for migrating and moulting waterbirds, this figure oughtto increase in the future. Key coastal species include Haliaeetusalbicilla, Tringa totanus, Sterna caspia and Cepphus grylle.

The central and northern regions of Sweden tend to bedominated by forests and mountains, and do not hold many IBAs(Map 1). This anomaly is mainly due to a lack of data, but mayalso reflect the fact that large parts of these regions support adispersed avifauna. Five IBAs have, however, been identified asbeing of importance for species whose distributions are largely orwholly confined to habitat-types present in northern Sweden, fallingwithin the Arctic/tundra and boreal biomes. Marine areas are alsounder-represented due to a lack of data.

It is likely that additional IBAs will be identified in the nearfuture, mainly in southern Sweden, covering coastal features, lakesand other wetland habitats.

IMPACTS ON IBAs – LAND-USE AND THREATS

Agriculture is the most commonly occurring land-use at SwedishIBAs (Figure 2), affecting 36 IBAs (57%). Nature conservation/research activities and tourism/recreation are also widespread, bothbeing present at 34 sites (54%). Even though Sweden is a well-forested country, only 22 IBAs (35%) support forestry activities.Hunting takes place at the majority of IBAs, but has been under-recorded as a land-use and therefore appears further down Figure 2than it should do.

Figure 3 summarizes the key threats and impacts to Swedish IBAs.Abandonment and reduction of land management is the single mostimportant threat, affecting 31 sites (49%). Undergrazing is aparticular problem at many of these (for example, IBAs 016, 023,031, 036, 054, 058 and 059). American mink Mustela vison have beenintroduced to the Baltic Sea archipelagos, placing breeding ducksand colonies of terns and auks at risk. Breeding success in Sternacaspia has been severely reduced in recent years as a direct result ofmink predation (for example, IBAs 027, 038 and 039). The negativeeffects of disturbance and recreation/tourism are also frequentlyencountered (17% and 14% of IBAs respectively).

Field surveys of potential IBAs indicate that such sites tend tobe threatened by agricultural and forestry activities. These threatsare not commonly encountered in the present list of IBAs (Figure 3),

Figure 2. Land-uses at Important Bird Areas in Sweden(see Appendix 3 for definitions of land-uses).

Forests cover c.50% of the land area, with mountains, lakes andmarshes comprising a further c.30%. Open water (including nearly100,000 lakes) accounts for c.9% of the land area—if other wetlandtypes are included this figure increases to c.25%. Agricultural landcovers less than 10% of the country; major areas of urbanizationand industry are restricted to the south, where 85% of the populationlives.

The dominance of forest and wetland habitats at the nationallevel is mirrored by the habitat composition of Swedish IBAs.Seventy-eight percent of IBAs contain some wetland habitat, with

Scrub

Forest and woodland

Artificial landscape

Wetland

Grassland

100 3020 605040 8070Percentage of IBAs (100% = 63 sites)

1. percentage of area of individual IBA covered by habitat

Marine areas

Rocky areas

³ 50% cover¹

5%–49% cover¹

< 5% or unknown¹

0 10 20 30 5040 60Percentage of IBAs (100% = 63 sites)

Not utilized

Other

Military

Urban/industrial/transport

Fisheries/aquaculture

Tourism/recreation

Hunting

Water management

Forestry

Nature conservation/research

Agriculture

1. percentage of area of individual IBA covered by land-use

< 5% or unknown¹

³ 50% cover¹

5%–49% cover¹

Figure 3. Occurrence of threats at Important Bird Areas in Sweden (see Appendix 3 for definitions of threat types and impact categories).

Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage

40 500 10 20 30

Extraction industry

Consequences of animal/plant introductions

Agricultural intensification/expansion

Selective logging/cutting

Industrialization/urbanization

Intensified forest management

Abandonment/reduction of land management

Deforestation (commercial)

Filling-in of wetlands

Aquaculture/fisheries

OtherRecreation/tourism

Drainage

Infrastructure

Disturbance to birds

Percentage of IBAs (100% = 63 sites)

Dredging/canalization

5 15 25 35 45

Afforestation

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Figure 4. The national protection status of Important Bird Areasin Sweden.

% of area ofindividualIBA overlapswith nationalprotected areas:High >90%Partial 10–90%Low <10%None

Total area of overlap between IBA network in Sweden and national protected-areasystem (see Table 5 for categories) = 5,848–5,877 km2 (46% of total IBA area).

Figure 5. The international protection status of Important BirdAreas in Sweden.

% of area ofindividualIBA overlapswith internationalprotected areas:High >90%Partial 10–90%Low <10%None

Total area of overlap between IBA network in Sweden and international protected-areasystem (see Table 5 for categories) = 9,527–9,861 km2 (75–78% of total IBA area).

possibly reflecting the positive impacts of both legal protection andmanagement-plan implementation.

PROTECTION STATUS

Table 5 and Figures 4 and 5 summarize the national and inter-national protection status of all Swedish IBAs.

■■■■■ National protectionThe most important national designations from the point of viewof protecting birds are National Parks, Nature Reserves and BirdSanctuaries. National Parks are state-owned, whereas the majorityof Nature Reserves and Bird Sanctuaries are privately owned—some are owned by local municipalities. There are very few NGO-owned reserves in Sweden. The Swedish Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA), working in close cooperation with the county

IBA Internationalcode name

001 Taavavuoma ✔

002 Påkketan ✔ ✔

003 Lake Laidaure ✔ ✔ ✔

004 Sjaunja ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

005 Lake Tjålmejaure–Laisdalen valley ✔ ✔ ✔

006 Lake Persöfjärden ✔

007 Lake Gammelstadsviken ✔ ✔ ✔

008 Skvolpen island ✔

009 Vindelfjällen mountains(including Lake Tärnasjön) ✔ ✔ ✔

010 River Umeälven delta ✔ ✔

011 Holmöarna archipelago ✔ ✔

012 Bonden island ✔ ✔

013 Gnäggen island

014 Lake Ånnsjön–Storlien ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

015 River Dalälven–Hovran ✔ ✔

016 River Svartån ✔ ✔ ✔

017 River Dalälven–Färnebofjärden ✔ ✔

018 Båtfors–Bredfors ✔

019 Ledskär–Karlholm Bay ✔

020 Björn archipelago

021 Lake Tämnaren

022 Florarna ✔ ✔

023 Lake Hjälstaviken ✔ ✔ ✔

024 Gräsö archipelago025 Dannemora

026 Tarnan–Riala forest ✔

027 Outer Stockholm archipelago ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

028 Lake Östra Styran

029 Hanveden–Hemfosa

030 Sandemar ✔

031 Lake Tysslingen

Subtotal of IBAs 2 18 5 0 13 2 11

IBA Internationalcode name

032 Bay of Rynningeviken ✔ ✔

033 Kvismaren ✔ ✔ ✔

034 Lake Storhjälmaren035 Bay of Kilsviken ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

036 Lake Tåkern ✔ ✔ ✔

037 Bay of Svensksundsviken ✔ ✔

038 Dannskär–Örskär islands ✔

039 St Anna archipelago ✔ ✔ ✔

040 Dättern–Södra Brandfjorden ✔ ✔ ✔

041 Lake Östen ✔ ✔ ✔

042 Lake Hornborgasjön ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

043 Stigfjorden Fjord ✔ ✔ ✔

044 Bay of Torslandaviken045 Bay of Kungsbackafjorden ✔ ✔

046 Lake Ralången047 Lake Kävsjön and Store Mosse ✔ ✔ ✔

048 Lake Solgen049 Karlsö islands ✔ ✔

050 Coastal areas around Gotland island ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

051 Båtafjorden Fjord

052 Getterön ✔ ✔ ✔

053 Lake Åsnen ✔ ✔ ✔

054 Coastal areas around Öland island ✔ ✔ ✔

055 Ottenby ✔ ✔ ✔

056 Kullaberg ✔ ✔

057 Bay of Skälderviken ✔ ✔ ✔

058 North-east Scania coastline and archipelago ✔ ✔ ✔

059 Bay of Lundåkrabukten ✔

060 Bay of Lommabukten ✔ ✔

061 Falsterbo–Bay of Foteviken ✔ ✔ ✔

062 River Klingavälsån–Lake Krankesjön ✔ ✔ ✔

063 River Helgeån ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔

Total number of IBAs 3 42 13 1 29 2 36

Table 5. Protection status of Important Bird Areas in Sweden.A tick (✔) indicates that an IBA overlaps with a protected area (to any extent).

Natio

nal P

ark

Natu

re R

eser

ve

Bird

San

ctuar

y

Priva

te Re

serv

e

Ram

sar S

ite

Wor

ld H

erita

ge S

ite

Spec

ial P

rotec

tion

Area

National International

Natio

nal P

ark

Natu

re R

eser

ve

Bird

San

ctuar

y

Priva

te Re

serv

e

Ram

sar S

ite

Wor

ld H

erita

ge S

ite

Spec

ial P

rotec

tion

Area

National International

Low9 IBAs (14%)

High15 IBAs (24%)

None15 IBAs (24%)

Partial24 IBAs (38%)

High26 IBAs (41%)

Partial12 IBAs (19%)

None21 IBAs (33%)

Low4 IBAs (7%)

679


administrations, has plans for the protection of additional areas ofimportance.

In 1999 there were 26 National Parks, almost 2,500 NatureReserves and 1,260 Bird Sanctuaries. Forty-eight IBAs (76%) areeither wholly or partly protected nationally (Figure 4), comparedto c.8% of the Swedish land area as a whole (mainly in mountainousregions) (data from Swedish EPA).

■■■■■ International protectionSweden has a number of international obligations, both within thelegislative framework of the European Union and under variousinternational conventions (Box 1).

CONSERVATION

• The Swedish bird reporting system is well developed, with a largenumber of birdwatchers contributing to annual reports. Fieldsurveys of breeding and passage species for monitoring purposesare commonplace. Twenty bird observatories also provide data.

• On a larger scale the EPA and county administrations areresponsible for basic environmental data collection.

• NGOs run projects to gather data on particular species, forexample, divers (Gaviidae), Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis,Haliaeetus albicilla, Falco rusticolus, F. peregrinus and Sternacaspia.

GlobalBiodiversity Convention ✔Ramsar Convention ✔Bonn Convention ✔World Heritage Convention ✔MAB Programme ✔

Pan-EuropeanBern Convention ✔

RegionalEC Birds Directive ✔EC Habitats Directive ✔Helsinki Convention ✔

✔ Convention ratified/initiative supported(✔) Convention signed

Box 1. International legislationand initiatives that arerelevant to site conservation inSweden (see Appendix 1 for ageneral description of theseagreements).

ANALYTICAL METHODS

• The current review of Swedish IBAs was, for various reasons,undertaken without an IBA officer in place. Information oncandidate IBAs was collected with the assistance of the 25 regionalbranches of SOF. Reporting was uneven due to differences inlocal knowledge and levels of activity, and the quality of thematerial received varied. As a result data are incomplete for manyIBAs, and there are undoubtedly many sites that would qualifyas IBAs if more were known about them. For the same reasonsseveral important species were not covered by the review,including woodpeckers and other forest species.

• Most bird data are from the late 1990s.

• Wintering and passage figures mainly equate to total number ofbirds in a season.

• The following sites were proposed as IBAs, but did not meet IBAcriteria based upon current available data: Lake Angarn, LakeBodasjön, Dumme mosse, Lake Fysingen, Erstad marshland andLake Landsjon.

• Threats and land-use data are based on estimates made by theregional informants during the mid- to late-1990s. Hunting hasbeen under-recorded as a land-use, and takes place in many moreIBAs than is suggested by Figure 2. Threat importance data areincomplete and have not been used in the generation of Figure 3.

GLOSSARY

EPA Environmental Protection Agency.NGO non-governmental organisation.skerry a small islet or rocky reef in the sea, exposed at low tide.SOF Sveriges Ornitologiska Förening (Swedish Ornithological Society,BirdLife International Partner in Sweden).SPA Special Protection Area (designated under Article 4 of the EC Birds Directive).

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Steve Dahlfors co-ordinated the early stages of the current review. Siteinformation was provided mainly by SOF’s regional branches. Torsten Larssonat the Swedish EPA gave advice and provided conservation data.

■ SITE ACCOUNTS

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria

Gavia stellata Red-throated Diver B — 5 20 — B2, C6Anser erythropus B — 0 1 — A3

Lesser White-fronted GooseClangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck B — — — — A3Mergus albellus Smew B — — — — B2Falco rusticolus Gyrfalcon B — 1 3 — A3, B2Calidris maritima Purple Sandpiper B — 1 3 — A3Gallinago media Great Snipe B — 3 10 — B2, C6Limosa lapponica Bar-tailed Godwit B — 5 10 — A3Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank B — 40 70 — A3Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper B — 90 150 — C6Phalaropus lobatus Red-necked Phalarope B — 150 200 — A3

Taavavuoma A3, B2, C6 001Admin region NorrbottenCoordinates 68°30’N 20°42’EAltitude 900–1,000 m Area 28,400 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mosaic of marshes, watercourses, lakes and pools lying in adepression on one of the most northerly Lapland plateaus. The IBAforms part of the River Lainio’s catchment, and the only land-use isreindeer Rangifer tarandus herding (‘Other’ land-use).

Habitats Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Other

■■■■■ Birds

Important for breeding waterbirds, raptors and waders. Breeding birdsinclude 11 out of the 32 species in Europe that are restricted (whenbreeding) to the Arctic/tundra biome. Breeding species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International High28,400 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Taavavuoma, 28,700 ha).

■■■■■ Conservation issuesNo serious threats are known at the site.

Påkketan B2, C6 002Admin region NorrbottenCoordinates 68°05’N 20°22’EAltitude 340–788 m Area 24,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionSituated in the mountainous north of Sweden, the site covers a valleycontaining lakes and marshes. The extensive tracts of coniferous forestare mainly old, with regeneration occurring following forest fires.

Species ... continued Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria

Stercorarius longicaudus Long-tailed Skua B — 5 35 — A3Anthus cervinus Red-throated Pipit B — — — — A3Carduelis hornemanni Arctic Redpoll B — — — — A3Calcarius lapponicus Lapland Bunting B — — — — A3

680



Gavia stellata Red-throated Diver B — 5 10 — B2, C6Falco rusticolus Gyrfalcon B — 1 2 — B2Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper B — 30 40 — C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1997 50 200 A C2

1. Occurs on spring passage.


Podiceps auritus Slavonian Grebe B 1996 — 4 B A31 Anser erythropus B 1996 — 5 A A1, C1

Lesser White-fronted Goose2 Mergus albellus Smew B 1996 — 5 A A3, B2Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle B 1996 3 5 A A1, B2, C1, C6Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier B 1996 5 15 A B2, C6Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle B 1996 2 6 A B2, C6Falco columbarius Merlin B 1996 5 20 A C6Falco rusticolus Gyrfalcon B 1996 1 2 A B2Lymnocryptes minimus Jack Snipe B 1996 — — — A3

1 Surnia ulula Hawk Owl B 1996 — 15 B A31 Strix nebulosa Great Grey Owl B 1996 0 1 B A31 Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl B 1996 — 30 B B2, C6Aegolius funereus Tengmalm’s Owl B 1996 5 15 B C6

1 Phylloscopus borealis Arctic Warbler B 1996 — 2 A A3Pinicola enucleator Pine Grosbeak B 1996 2 12 B A3Emberiza rustica Rustic Bunting B — — — — A3

1. Large decrease.2. Large increase.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaGavia stellata Red-throated Diver B — 5 10 — B2, C6Anser erythropus B — 0 1 — A3

Lesser White-fronted GooseButeo lagopus Rough-legged Buzzard B — — — — A3Falco rusticolus Gyrfalcon B — 2 3 — A3, B2Calidris maritima Purple Sandpiper B — — — — A3

Land-use Forestry (5%), Hunting (100%), Military (100%), Nature conservation/research (100%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%)


The IBA is important for breeding wetland and forest species, includinga diversity of raptors. Breeding birds include eight out of the 15 speciesin Europe that are restricted (when breeding) to the boreal biome.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Gallinago media (three breeding pairs). Numbers of birds given asbreeding in the IBA are probably underestimates due to the size ofthe survey area.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International HighIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (285,000 ha). 188,600 ha of IBAcovered by Ramsar Site (Sjaunja, 188,600 ha). 208,000 ha of IBAcovered by World Heritage Site (Lapponia, 940,000 ha). IBA overlapswith Special Protection Area (281,000 ha).

■■■■■ Conservation issues

Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Extraction industry (U)

Attempts have been made to start mineral exploration in the IBA—these are currently on hold for economic reasons. Proposals have beenput forward by the Swedish EPA to designate the area as a NationalPark.

Lake Tjålmejaure– A3, B2, C6 005Laisdalen valleyAdmin region NorrbottenCoordinates 66°18’N 16°15’EAltitude 750–750 m Area 22,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo converging valleys in the mountains of northern Sweden,containing small rivers and their deltas. The southern valley holds alarge lake system with flat shores, which form an important nestinghabitat for waterbirds. The narrower northern valley contains theRiver Laisälven, which is bordered by a strip of marshland andsurrounded by Betula forest, with some Pinus.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest),Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Tourism/recreation (60%)


Habitats Forest and woodland (60%; native coniferous forest), Wetland (40%; standingfresh water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Not utilized (100%)


The site is important for breeding waterbirds, raptors and waders.Breeding species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Anser erythropus, Haliaeetus albicilla and Gallinago media.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International HighIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (21,000 ha). IBA overlaps withSpecial Protection Area (21,600 ha).


Lake Laidaure C2 003Admin region NorrbottenCoordinates 67°07’N 17°45’EAltitude 500–500 m Area 2,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThis site comprises the delta of the Rapaälvens river and Lake Laidaure,into which the delta is gradually expanding from the west. To the southis Sarek National Park, and to the north a zone of coniferous forest.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; broadleaved deciduous forest; mixed forest),Wetland (80%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water)Land-use Nature conservation/research (100%), Tourism/recreation (100%)


The delta becomes ice-free early in the spring and is consequently animportant staging area for migrants.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International HighIBA overlaps with National Park (300 ha). 2,000 ha of IBA covered byRamsar Site (Laidaure, 4,150 ha). IBA overlaps with World HeritageSite.


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Disturbance to birds (U)

Sjaunja A1, A3, B2, C1, C6 004Admin region NorrbottenCoordinates 67°17’N 19°49’EAltitude 368–1703 m Area 208,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn extensive, largely untouched wilderness area with a wide range ofhabitats dominated by wetlands, with forest to the east andmountainous territory to the west. The main wetlands comprise openmarshes, shallow lakes and wet Betula forest. There are 44,000 ha ofvirgin Picea and Pinus forest in the drier areas.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; native coniferous forest; mixed forest; alluvial/verywet forest; wooded tundra; treeline ecotone), Scrub (10%; heathland), Grassland (10%;alpine/subalpine/boreal grassland; tundra), Wetland (60%; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Rocky areas (5%; inland cliff)

681



Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank B — 40 70 — A3Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper B — 30 40 — C6Phalaropus lobatus B — 10 30 — A3

Red-necked PhalaropeStercorarius longicaudus B — 5 20 — A3

Long-tailed SkuaNyctea scandiaca Snowy Owl B — — — — A3Anthus cervinus Red-throated Pipit B — — — — A3

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1996 100 200 B C2Anser fabalis Bean Goose P 1996 300 800 A B1i, C3Pandion haliaetus Osprey B 1996 3 10 B C6Bonasa bonasia Hazel Grouse R 1996 10 30 C C6

1. Large increase.


Mergus albellus Smew B 1996 10 30 B B2, C2Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper B 1996 20 40 C C6

Important for breeding waterbirds, raptors and waders, and one ofthe final staging areas for northward-moving spring migrants. Breedingbirds include nine out of the 32 species in Europe that are restricted(when breeding) to the Arctic/tundra biome. Breeding species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Gallinago media.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International HighIBA overlaps with extensive Bird Sanctuary. IBA overlaps with NatureReserve (500 ha). 21,400 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site(Tjålmejaure–Laisdalen, 21,400 ha).


Lake Persöfjärden B1i, C2, C3, C6 006Admin region NorrbottenCoordinates 65°46’N 22°07’EAltitude 0–10 m Area 3,350 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA lake, c.15 km long, which was isolated from the Gulf of Bothnia byland elevation. The shallow waters have favoured the spread of Scirpusand Phragmites, which almost divide the lake in two at one point.Floating vegetation is also extensive and parts of the south-westernend of the lake have been invaded by Salix scrub.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; mixed forest), Wetland (50%; mudflat/sandflat;standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation; fen/transition mire/spring), Artificiallandscape (30%; highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Forestry (10%)


The area is important as a resting area for migrating geese, ducks,raptors and waders. 210 species of bird have been recorded.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International High3,320 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Persöfjärden, 3,320 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B), Dredging/canalization (B)

Dredging undertaken by land-owners poses a threat.

Lake Gammelstadsviken B2, C2, C6 007Admin region NorrbottenCoordinates 65°37’N 22°00’EAltitude 2–5 m Area 440 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA shallow (1–4 m in depth) nutrient-rich lake at the head of the Gulfof Bothnia, formed when rising land isolated a bay from the sea. Finemarine sediments with overlying mud deposits cover the lake floor.

Water exchange is minimal due to the low rate of inflow to the lake.Large sections of the shoreline are marshy, with Phragmites, Typhaand Equisetum present; the lake itself supports floating vegetation.Mixed forests surround the lake.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest), Wetland(100%; standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation; fen/transition mire/spring)Land-use Nature conservation/research (100%)


The IBA is important for breeding waterbirds, waders and gulls.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International HighIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (450 ha). 430 ha of IBA coveredby Ramsar Site (Gammelstadsviken, 430 ha). IBA overlaps withSpecial Protection Area.


Threats Industrialization/urbanization (U), Infrastructure (U)

The main threat comes from the expansion of the nearby town ofLuleå.

Skvolpen island B1i, B1ii, B2, C2, C6 008Admin region NorrbottenCoordinates 65°20’N 22°30’EAltitude 0–8 m Area 2,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn island at the northern end of the Gulf of Bothnia.

Habitats Marine areas (100%; sea inlet/coastal features)Land-use Nature conservation/research (100%)


This is an important site for breeding seabirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International None2,500 ha of IBA covered by Bird Sanctuary (Skvolpen, 2,500 ha).


Threats Disturbance to birds (A)

Surveys undertaken in 1999 show increases in numbers ofPhalacrocorax carbo, Somateria mollissima and several species ofseabird (for example, Cepphus grylle). This is thought to be as a resultof nutrient enrichment in the Gulf of Bothnia leading to increases infish stocks.

Vindelfjällen mountains A3, B2, C6 009(including Lake Tärnasjön)Admin region VästerbottenCoordinates 65°54’N 15°58’EAltitude 400–1,609 m Area 550,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn extensive mountainous area supporting a mosaic of mires, virginPicea forest and mountain Betula forest, with valleys containing riversand lake systems. The northern end of Lake Tärnasjön adjoins a deltaformed by the River Tärna. The lake is surrounded by seasonally


Sterna caspia Caspian Tern B 1998 25 25 — B1i, B2, C2, C6Sterna caspia Caspian Tern P 1996 20 50 A B1i, C2Cepphus grylle Black Guillemot B 1996 50 100 B B1ii, B2

682



Gavia stellata Red-throated Diver B — 5 20 — B2, C6Anser erythropus B — 0 1 — A3

Lesser White-fronted GooseAythya marila Scaup B — — — — A3Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle B — 4 8 — B2, C6Falco rusticolus Gyrfalcon B — 5 14 — A3, B2Calidris maritima Purple Sandpiper B — 1 3 — A3Gallinago media Great Snipe B — 5 10 — B2, C6Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank B — 40 70 — A3Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper B — 100 200 — C6Phalaropus lobatus B — 50 150 — A3

Red-necked PhalaropeStercorarius longicaudus B — 10 60 — A3

Long-tailed Skua


Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1996 200 300 B C2Anser fabalis Bean Goose B 1996 900 1,200 B B1i, C3Anas crecca Teal B 1996 2,000 2,500 B B1i, C3Mergus merganser Goosander B 1996 1,400 1,800 B A4i, B1i, C3

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Uria aalge Guillemot B 1996 200 1,000 B B1ii, C3Alca torda Razorbill B 1996 2,000 4,000 B B1ii, B3, C3

flooded marshland, and the whole area is used for reindeer Rangifertarandus grazing (‘Other’ land-use), fishing and hiking.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest), Wetland(standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation; fen/transition mire/spring)Land-use Hunting, Other, Tourism/recreation


Important for breeding waterbirds, raptors and waders. Breeding birdsinclude seven out of the 32 species in Europe that are restricted (whenbreeding) to the Arctic/tundra biome. Breeding species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High550,000 ha of IBA covered by Nature Reserve (550,000 ha). 11,800 haof IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Tärnasjön, 11,800 ha). 550,000 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (550,000 ha).

■■■■■ Conservation issuesNo serious threats are known at the site. The site is very richbotanically, and there is also considerable geological interest.

River Umeälven delta A4i, B1i, C2, C3 010Admin region VästerbottenCoordinates 63°45’N 20°19’EAltitude 0–5 m Area 1,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe delta of a river system that flows into the Gulf of Bothnia innorth-east Sweden. Temporal habitats range from mudflats to areasof primary vegetation. Much of the delta shoreline is surrounded bywater-meadows, although there is also deciduous forest with a fewconifers. Phragmites is scarce. The area is used for commercialshipping, leisure boating, and general recreation.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Grassland (5%;humid grassland), Wetland (65%; tidal river/enclosed tidal water; mudflat/sandflat),Artificial landscape (10%; ruderal land)Land-use Forestry, Nature conservation/research (10%), Tourism/recreation (10%),Urban/industrial/transport


The western parts of the IBA (Vasterfjarden) are also important forbreeding gulls. Up to 10,000 ducks and 7,000–8,000 waders stop overwhilst on passage in late April–May. Passage species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International PartialIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (Tuvan, 70 ha). 1,040 ha of IBAcovered by Ramsar Site (Umeälv delta, 1,040 ha).


Threats Infrastructure (U)

The construction of new roads and a railway (Bottniabanan) threatenthe IBA.

Holmöarna archipelago A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1ii, B2, 011Admin region Västerbotten C2, C3, C6Coordinates 63°45’N 21°00’EAltitude 0–26 m Area 27,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn archipelago located 10 km from the Swedish mainland and 15 kmfrom the outer Finnish skerries. The larger islands support Picea, Alnusand Betula forests and areas of bog. Of the four largest islands onlythe most northerly is inhabited. Access to the southern island isrestricted due to military activity.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; native coniferous forest; mixed forest), Wetland(10%; standing fresh water; blanket bog), Marine areas (85%; open sea; sea inlet/coastalfeatures)


The IBA holds a rich breeding bird fauna, including marine species(for example, Melanitta fusca, Stercorarius parasiticus and Cepphusgrylle) as well as those of taiga forest (for example, Tetrao urogallus,Grus grus and Strix uralensis). The spring and autumn migrationperiods see large numbers of seabirds and passerines pass through.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High25,000 ha of IBA covered by Nature Reserve (Holmöarna, 25,000 ha).25,000 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (25,000 ha).


Land-use Military (20%), Nature conservation/research (90%)

No serious threats are known at the site. The island of Stora Fjaderagg,north-east of Holmön, holds a bird ringing station. The sea areas eastof Holmöarna are known to be of great importance for marine life.

Bonden island B1ii, B2, B3, C3 012Admin region VästerbottenCoordinates 63°26’N 20°03’EAltitude 0–25 m Area 5 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA rocky island located 20 km off the Swedish coast. There is novegetation, and numerous blocks of stone of varying size form breedingsites for auks.

Habitats Marine areas (open sea; sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (100%; scree/boulders)Land-use Nature conservation/research (100%)



Gavia stellata Red-throated Diver B 1996 25 — B B2, C6Gavia arctica Black-throated Diver B 1996 25 — B C6Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle B 1996 4 — C B2Pandion haliaetus Osprey B 1996 10 — C C6Arenaria interpres Turnstone B 1996 250 — A A4i, B1i, C3

1 Sterna caspia Caspian Tern B 1996 5 — A B2, C61 Sterna hirundo Common Tern B 1996 325 — A C61 Sterna paradisaea Arctic Tern B 1996 1,400 — A C21 Cepphus grylle Black Guillemot B 1996 2,700 — A A4ii, B1ii, B2

1. Large increase.

683


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Alca torda Razorbill B 1996 200 650 A B1ii, B3, C3

1. Large increase.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaGavia stellata Red-throated Diver B 1996 15 30 B B2, C6Gavia arctica Black-throated Diver B 1996 12 25 B C6Aythya marila Scaup B 1996 25 50 C A3Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed Duck B 1996 10 30 C A3Melanitta nigra Common Scoter B 1996 100 200 B A3Circus cyaneus Hen Harrier B 1996 — 20 C B2, C6Buteo lagopus Rough-legged Buzzard B 1996 5 50 C A3


Falco tinnunculus Kestrel B 1996 10 40 C B2Falco columbarius Merlin B 1996 10 40 C C6Lagopus mutus Ptarmigan R 1996 400 1,000 C A4ii, B1iii, C2Tetrao tetrix Black Grouse R 1996 100 200 C C6Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 200 400 C C6Grus grus Crane B 1996 15 50 C C6Charadrius morinellus Dotterel B 1996 25 75 C C6Pluvialis apricaria Golden Plover B 1996 100 200 C C6Calidris temminckii Temminck’s Stint B 1996 1 20 C A3Calidris maritima Purple Sandpiper B 1996 20 50 C A3, B3Limicola falcinellus B 1996 25 75 B B2

Broad-billed SandpiperPhilomachus pugnax Ruff B 1996 150 300 B B3, C6Gallinago media Great Snipe B 1996 25 150 B A1, A4i, B1i, B2,

C1, C2, C6Numenius phaeopus Whimbrel B 1996 100 200 C B3Tringa erythropus Spotted Redshank B 1996 1 5 A A3Tringa totanus Redshank B 1996 150 250 B B2

1 Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper B 1996 150 300 B B2, C6Phalaropus lobatus B 1996 50 150 B A3

Red-necked PhalaropeStercorarius longicaudus B 1996 10 50 C A3

Long-tailed Skua

1. Significant numbers; B2 assigned even though threshold not met.

This is an important site for breeding seabirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High5 ha of IBA covered by Nature Reserve (Bonden, 400 ha). 5 ha ofIBA covered by Special Protection Area (400 ha).


Threats Disturbance to birds (U)

Unknown numbers of unauthorized visitors land on the island duringthe protected period (1 April to 1 July). Regular auk counts areundertaken.

Gnäggen island B1ii, B3, C3 013Admin region VästerbottenCoordinates 62°57’N 18°37’EAltitude 0–8 m Area 4 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small island situated in the Gulf of Bothnia.

Habitats Marine areas (100%; open sea; sea inlet/coastal features)Land-use Nature conservation/research (60%), Not utilized (40%)


This is an important for breeding seabirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational None International None


Lake Ånnsjön–Storlien A1, A3, A4i, A4ii, B1i, B1iii, 014Admin region Jämtland B2, B3, C1, C2, C6Coordinates 63°16’N 12°33’EAltitude 499–1,493 m Area 90,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA very shallow, nutrient-poor lake in the upper part of the River Indalsystem, partly surrounded by marshy areas and with a sandy ridge alongone 2 km stretch of shoreline. The confluence of two rivers at the westernend of the site has formed the Handol delta and there are other deltasto the north-west and south-east. The lower River Handolan containsrapids, waterfalls, and gorges; there is extensive forest nearby. ‘Other’land-use (below) is grazing land for reindeer Rangifer tarandus.

Habitats Forest and woodland (50%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; wooded tundra; treeline ecotone), Grassland (30%; tundra),Wetland (20%; river/stream; fen/transition mire/spring)Land-use Forestry (20%), Hunting (80%), Nature conservation/research (10%), Other (50%),Tourism/recreation (25%), Water management (10%)


The IBA is very important for a variety of breeding waterbirds, raptors,grouse and waders. Breeding birds include nine out of the 32 speciesin Europe that are restricted (when breeding) to the Arctic/tundrabiome.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial400 ha of IBA covered by Bird Sanctuary (Enadeltat, 400 ha). 400 haof IBA covered by Bird Sanctuary (Hallsnaset, 400 ha). 100 ha of IBAcovered by Bird Sanctuary (Topptjarn (Storlien), 100 ha). IBAoverlaps with Nature Reserve (Valadalens, 117,500 ha). 11,000 ha ofIBA covered by Ramsar Site (Ånnsjön, 11,000 ha). IBA overlaps withSpecial Protection Area (117,500 ha).


River Dalälven–Hovran A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6 015Admin region DalarnaCoordinates 60°18’N 16°03’EAltitude 80–80 m Area 5,030 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThis site includes some broader stretches of the River Dalälven,notably Lake Hovran (in fact part of the river) and several smallerlagoons. Open areas around the lakes support Salix/Phragmitesvegetation. Arable land and coniferous and deciduous forests surroundthe IBA.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest),Wetland (standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (arable land)Land-use Agriculture


The IBA supports breeding wetland species, and is an important stop-over site for migrating waterbirds and waders. Breeding species ofglobal conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Crex crex.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International HighIBA overlaps with two Nature Reserves (Kloster and Stackaren,totalling 215 ha). 5,030 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Hovranarea, 5,130 ha).


Cepphus grylle Black Guillemot B 1996 350 500 B B1ii, B2

1. Large increase.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1997 1,500 2,000 — A4i, B1i, C2Pandion haliaetus Osprey B 1997 — 10 — C6Locustella naevia Grasshopper Warbler B 1997 — 40 — B3

1. Also breeds (1–2 pairs).

684



Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan N 1994 — 2,300 — A4i, B1i, C2


Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1996 1,000 1,200 A A4i, B1i, C2Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle R 1996 2 3 A B2Pandion haliaetus Osprey B 1996 25 30 A B2, C6

1 Bonasa bonasia Hazel Grouse R 1996 40 50 B C61 Tetrao tetrix Black Grouse R 1996 90 100 B C6

Species ... continued Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 25 50 B C62 Grus grus Crane B 1996 15 20 A C6Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper B 1996 10 15 B C6Glaucidium passerinum Pygmy Owl R 1996 45 55 B C6Strix uralensis Ural Owl R 1996 20 30 A C6Aegolius funereus Tengmalm’s Owl B 1996 1 25 B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1996 35 45 A C6



Pandion haliaetus Osprey B 1996 6 10 B C6Glaucidium passerinum Pygmy Owl R 1996 5 10 B C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1996 10 20 B C6


Threats Other (U)

The only known problem is that of dramatic water-level fluctuations,which can result in the destruction of nests (‘Other’ threat).

River Svartån A4i, B1i, C2 016Admin region VästmanlandCoordinates 59°53’N 16°21’EAltitude 60–60 m Area 1,870 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThis area contains three nutrient-rich lakes: Fläcksjön, Gussjön andGorgen, all connected by the River Svartån and surrounded by low-lying water-meadows prone to spring flooding. Associated vegetationincludes areas of Phragmites, Scirpus and wet Betula forest. The landis used for cattle-grazing and is one of the largest areas remaining inSweden where mowing still takes place.

Habitats Forest and woodland (alluvial/very wet forest), Grassland, Wetland (standingfresh water; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Agriculture, Nature conservation/research


The lake margins and adjacent meadows also provide breeding habitatfor a number of wetland species. Breeding species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Crex crex.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Partial78 ha of IBA covered by Nature Reserve (Flackebo, 78 ha). 1,870 haof IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Svartån, 1,990 ha). IBA overlaps withfour Special Protection Areas (totalling 1,321 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U)

Succession takes place if land is abandoned or left unmanaged. Largeareas are now managed through governmental conservation actionand funding, with the aim of maintaining and improving conditionsfor breeding and passage birds. Counts are undertaken regularly. Plansexist to designate five ‘consultation areas’ (totalling 1,535 ha) asNature Reserves.

River Dalälven–Färnebofjärden A4i, B1i, B2, 017Admin region Uppsala C2, C6Coordinates 60°13’N 16°46’EAltitude 50–75 m Area 11,200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn extensive lake and wetland complex situated along the RiverDalälven. Much of the area floods regularly and comprises freshwatermarsh and peatbogs. The surrounding forests of both coniferous anddeciduous species are largely old and undisturbed. Commercial forestryis, however, carried out in some areas.

Habitats Forest and woodland (30%; mixed forest), Wetland (70%; tidal river/enclosed tidalwater; mudflat/sandflat; shingle/stony beach; river/stream; blanket bog; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Forestry, Nature conservation/research (95%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


The IBA supports a diversity of breeding species of wetland and foresthabitats.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International NoneIBA overlaps with National Park. IBA overlaps with Nature Reserve(4,640 ha).


Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (U), Deforestation (commercial) (U),Intensified forest management (C), Recreation/tourism (C)

A Ramsar Site (20,100 ha) is likely to be designated in the near future.

Båtfors–Bredfors C6 018Admin region UppsalaCoordinates 60°21’N 17°10’EAltitude 35–65 m Area 2,700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA lake situated in the lower reaches of the Dalälvens river, which issubject to spring flooding. Rich shoreline vegetation is present.

Habitats Forest and woodland (40%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest;mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest), Wetland (60%; mudflat/sandflat; shingle/stony beach;standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation; fen/transition mire/spring)Land-use Military (100%)


This site is important for breeding species of forest and wetlandhabitats. Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Haliaeetus albicilla (resident).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International NoneIBA overlaps with two Nature Reserves (totalling 1,732 ha).


Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (C), Disturbance to birds (B),Intensified forest management (C), Selective logging/cutting (C)

Ledskär–Karlholm Bay A4i, B1i, C2, C3 019Admin region UppsalaCoordinates 60°30’N 17°43’EAltitude 0–15 m Area 3,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe IBA comprises two shallow bays in the Gulf of Bothnia and anarchipelago of several hundreds of islets and skerries.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; alluvial/very wet forest), Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (5%; humid grassland),Wetland (5%; mudflat/sandflat), Marine areas (45%; open sea; sea inlet/coastal features),Rocky areas (10%; sea cliff/rocky shore; scree/boulders), Artificial landscape (15%;arable land)

685



Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1996 50 150 A C2Anser fabalis Bean Goose P 1996 500 2,500 A B1i, C3Anser anser Greylag Goose P 1996 1,000 2,500 A B1i, C3Anas crecca Teal P 1996 1,000 4,000 A B1i, C3Mergus merganser Goosander P 1996 100 2,000 A B1i, C3Calidris alpina Dunlin P 1996 100 800 A B1i, C3Sterna caspia Caspian Tern P 1996 50 150 A A4i, B1i, C2


Botaurus stellaris Bittern B 1996 3 9 B C6Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1996 50 150 B C2Anser fabalis Bean Goose P 1996 200 1,200 A B1i, C3Anser anser Greylag Goose P 1996 2,500 4,500 A A4i, B1i, C3Mergus albellus Smew P 1996 30 370 A B1i, C2Mergus merganser Goosander P 1996 2,000 10,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1996 10 15 A C6Crex crex Corncrake B 1996 5 10 B B2Sterna caspia Caspian Tern N 1996 50 150 A A4i, B1i, C2Sterna hirundo Common Tern P 1996 500 1,500 C C6


Pandion haliaetus Osprey B 1996 10 15 C C6Bonasa bonasia Hazel Grouse R 1996 100 200 C C6Tetrao tetrix Black Grouse R 1996 50 100 C C6Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 40 100 C C6Grus grus Crane B 1996 15 30 B C6Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper B 1996 8 15 A C6Glaucidium passerinum Pygmy Owl R 1996 30 50 C C6Strix uralensis Ural Owl R 1996 15 25 B C6Aegolius funereus Tengmalm’s Owl R 1996 1 25 C C6Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker R 1996 20 40 C C6Loxia pytyopsittacus Parrot Crossbill R 1996 20 100 C B3

Land-use Agriculture (15%), Forestry (10%), Hunting (95%), Tourism/recreation (10%)


The site is important for passage wildfowl and waders. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Anser erythropus(2 passage birds), Haliaeetus albicilla (breeding), Crex crex (1–3 breedingpairs), Gallinago media (1–5 passage birds). More than 150 species ofbird breed in the IBA, with c.250 species having been recorded in total.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International NoneIBA overlaps with Bird Sanctuary (part of Ledskär bay).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Afforestation (C),Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B)

American mink Mustela vison pose a threat to breeding birds. Areasof wet meadow are being restored.

Björn archipelago A4i, B1i, B1ii, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 020Admin region UppsalaCoordinates 60°38’N 17°59’EAltitude 0–10 m Area 3,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small archipelago located in the southern part of the Gulf of Bothnia,comprising numerous small skerries and a few islands.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; mixed forest), Grassland (5%; dry siliceousgrassland), Marine areas (90%; open sea; sea inlet/coastal features)Land-use Forestry (5%), Military (5%), Nature conservation/research (20%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


An important site for breeding gulls and seabirds.



Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A)

The expanding American mink Mustela vison population in thearchipelago poses a major threat to breeding birds.

Lake Tämnaren A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6 021Admin region UppsalaCoordinates 60°10’N 17°20’EAltitude 35–50 m Area 13,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large, nutrient-rich freshwater lake with extensive reedbeds(Phragmites) and adjoining areas of wetland.

Habitats Forest and woodland (45%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest), Grassland (5%; humid grassland), Wetland(35%; mudflat/sandflat; standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificiallandscape (30%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Forestry (45%), Not utilized (5%), Tourism/recreation (20%)


An important area for breeding wetland species and as a stop-oversite for passage wildfowl. Breeding species of global conservationconcern that do not meet IBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla.



Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Aquaculture/fisheries (B),Consequences of animal/plant introductions (B), Filling-in of wetlands (A), Other (B)

American mink Mustela vison pose a threat to breeding birds. Lakewater is supplied to Uppsala—the resulting water regime is unfavorableto birds (‘Other’ threat).

Florarna B3, C6 022Admin region UppsalaCoordinates 60°18’N 17°50’EAltitude 28–45 m Area 16,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA reasonably undisturbed mosaic of mire and wet forest.

Habitats Forest and woodland (45%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest), Wetland (45%; shingle/stony beach;standing fresh water; blanket bog; fen/transition mire/spring), Rocky areas (10%; scree/boulders)Land-use Hunting (100%), Nature conservation/research (30%), Tourism/recreation (40%)


This is an important site for breeding species of forest and mire. Speciesof global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Haliaeetus albicilla (2–10 non-breeding birds).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International PartialIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (5,100 ha). IBA overlaps withSpecial Protection Area.


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C), Selective logging/cutting (C)


Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle B 1996 2 4 B B2, C6Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull B 1996 150 200 B B3

1 Sterna caspia Caspian Tern B 1996 40 50 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Alca torda Razorbill B 1996 40 50 B B1ii, C3

1 Cepphus grylle Black Guillemot B 1996 80 100 B B1ii, B2

1. Large decrease.

686



Anser fabalis Bean Goose P 1996 3,000 5,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Anser anser Greylag Goose P 1996 4,000 5,000 A A4i, B1i, C3

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant P 1996 2,000 3,000 A B1i, C32 Haliaeetus albicilla P 1996 20 28 A A1, C1

White-tailed EagleSterna caspia Caspian Tern B 1996 75 85 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Sterna hirundo Common Tern B 1996 90 100 A C6

1. Large increase.2. Also breeds (1–2 pairs).


Crex crex Corncrake B 1996 5 25 C A1, B2, C1


Gavia arctica Black-throated Diver B — 44 52 — B2, C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl B — 1 3 — B2, C6Caprimulgus europaeus Nightjar B — 40 70 — B2, C6

Lake Hjälstaviken A4i, B1i, C3 023Admin region UppsalaCoordinates 59°40’N 17°22’EAltitude 3–35 m Area 820 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionShallow (average depth 1 m), almost enclosed bay of Lake Mälaren,surrounded by wet, tussocky meadows which merge into drier pastureand fields. Deciduous copses overlook the bay and there is a conifer-covered hill with bare rock outcrops along the eastern edge. Only 30 haof open water remain, the rest being choked by invasive Phragmites,Scirpus and Typha.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest), Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (20%; humid grassland; mesophile grassland),Wetland (40%; mudflat/sandflat; standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation), Rockyareas (5%; inland cliff), Artificial landscape (20%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (35%), Forestry (15%), Nature conservation/research (100%),Tourism/recreation (80%)


The IBA supports important numbers of passage wildfowl, and thesurrounding arable land is an important feeding area. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Anser erythropus(up to 5 passage birds), Crex crex (1–3 breeding pairs) and Gallinagomedia (5–10 passage birds).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High820 ha of IBA covered by Nature Reserve (Hjalstaviken, 821 ha).770 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Hjälstaviken, 770 ha). IBAoverlaps with Special Protection Area.


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (U), Disturbance to birds (U), Other (U)

Threats include overgrowth of grassland vegetation due toundergrazing and the effects of introduced American mink Mustelavison. Submerged aquatic vegetation has been greatly impoverishedin recent years and this, together with the decreasing area of openwater, has resulted in the decline of some bird species, notably ducks(‘Other’ threat). The water-level is artificially managed—a morebeneficial management regime was decided upon in 1996.

Gräsö archipelago A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C2, C3, C6 024Admin region StockholmCoordinates 60°20’N 18°30’EAltitude 0–10 m Area 18,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn archipelago extending along the eastern side of the island of Gräsö,comprising small islands and skerries, some of which have only sparsevegetation cover.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; native coniferous forest), Grassland (5%; steppe/drycalcareous grassland), Marine areas (90%; open sea; sea inlet/coastal features)Land-use Hunting (80%), Nature conservation/research (25%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


An important site for breeding terns and passage waterbirds andraptors.



Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A), Disturbance to birds (B),Recreation/tourism (B)

American mink Mustela vison pose a threat to breeding birds.

Dannemora A1, B2, C1 025Admin region UppsalaCoordinates 60°12’N 17°53’EAltitude 24–55 m Area 11,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA mosaic of forest and lakes with open agricultural areas in the valleys.

Habitats Forest and woodland (55%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest), Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (5%; humidgrassland), Wetland (20%; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach; standing freshwater; fen/transition mire/spring), Rocky areas (5%; scree/boulders), Artificial landscape(10%; arable land; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (45%), Hunting (80%), Tourism/recreation (20%)


Important for breeding species of wetland and grassland habitats.Breeding species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Haliaeetus albicilla.



Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Afforestation (U),Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A), Selective logging/cutting (U)

American mink Mustela vison pose a threat. Restoration of some ofthe lakes has begun, resulting in an increase in numbers of waterbirds.

Tarnan–Riala forest B2, C6 026Admin region StockholmCoordinates 59°35’N 18°25’EAltitude — Area 7,500 ha

■■■■■ Site description

Habitats Forest and woodland (70%; native coniferous forest; mixed forest), Wetland(25%; standing fresh water; raised bog), Artificial landscape (5%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Forestry (70%), Not utilized (10%), Tourism/recreation(15%)


This site is important for forest species, including raptors and owls,and some waterbirds. Species of global conservation concern that donot meet IBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla (breeding and wintering).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International None16 ha of IBA covered by Nature Reserve (Bromseby, 16 ha). 216 haof IBA covered by Nature Reserve (Trehörningen, 216 ha).

687



Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1997 200 250 B C2


Bonasa bonasia Hazel Grouse R 1996 25 40 B C6Tetrao tetrix Black Grouse R 1996 25 35 B C6Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie R 1996 50 75 B C6Grus grus Crane B 1996 12 18 B C6Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1996 7 10 B B2, C6Glaucidium passerinum Pygmy Owl R 1996 20 30 B C6Aegolius funereus Tengmalm’s Owl R 1996 2 10 B C6Caprimulgus europaeus Nightjar B 1996 30 40 B B2, C6Lullula arborea Woodlark B 1996 50 60 B C6


Threats Deforestation (commercial) (U)

Plans exist for the designation of c.30 smaller protected areas (lessthan 10 ha each) by the Swedish Forestry Commission, involving thesetting up of management agreements with land-owners.

Outer Stockholm A4i, A4ii, A4iii, B1i, B1ii, 027archipelago B2, B3, C2, C3, C4, C6Admin region StockholmCoordinates 59°25’N 19°20’EAltitude 0–10 m Area 9,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe main area of interest can be divided into four island groups: StoraNassa—c.400 closely spaced rocky islets with little or no vegetation.The largest island has maritime Betula forest whilst others supportJuniperus. Wet grasslands are also present. Lilla Nassa—smaller areathan Stora Nassa but with islands more spread out and with verylittle vegetation. Gillöga—flat islands in shallow waters with abundantcover and submerged offshore reefs. Svenska Högarna—a flat islandwith Juniperus, and heather Calluna. The archipelago is largelyuninhabited but during the summer is a popular leisure (boating) area.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; broadleaved deciduous forest), Grassland (5%; dry siliceousgrassland), Marine areas (90%; open sea; sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (rock stacks/islets)Land-use Hunting (50%), Military (5%), Nature conservation/research (10%), Tourism/recreation (50%)


This is a very important breeding area for seaducks, waders, gulls andseabirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International HighIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (3,400 ha); large areas are alsodesignated as Bird Sanctuaries. 9,100 ha of IBA covered by RamsarSite (Stockholm, outer archipelago, 15,000 ha). IBA overlaps withSpecial Protection Area.


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (A), Recreation/tourism (B)

American mink Mustela vison are a threat to breeding birds.Recreational activities may disturb breeding birds.

Lake Östra Styran C2 028Admin region StockholmCoordinates 59°00’N 17°50’EAltitude 20–30 m Area 117 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA shallow wetland with extensive reedbeds (Phragmites).

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Grassland (5%; humid grassland), Wetland (85%; standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (10%; arable land)


This is an important site for breeding and passage wetland species.



Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (5%), Hunting (90%), Tourism/recreation (100%)

No serious threats are known at the site. Recent restoration work hasled to an increase in spring and summer water-levels, benefiting manyspecies of waterbird.

Hanveden–Hemfosa B2, C6 029Admin region StockholmCoordinates 59°05’N 18°00’EAltitude 50–80 m Area 3,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of forest interspersed with a few lakes, situated to the southof Stockholm.

Habitats Forest and woodland (100%; native coniferous forest; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest)Land-use Forestry (90%), Hunting (100%)


Important site for breeding forest species, including raptors and owls.



Threats Deforestation (commercial) (A)

Sandemar B1i, B3, C2, C3 030Admin region StockholmCoordinates 59°08’N 18°22’EAltitude 0–20 m Area 1,700 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA shallow bay of the Baltic Sea situated near to Stockholm.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; native coniferous forest; alluvial/very wet forest),Grassland (5%; humid grassland), Marine areas (85%; open sea), Artificial landscape(10%; highly improved reseeded grassland)Land-use Agriculture (25%), Forestry (5%), Tourism/recreation (100%)

■■■■■ BirdsSandemar is important as a stop-over site for passage wildfowl. Speciesof global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Haliaeetus albicilla (resident).

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc CriteriaSomateria mollissima Eider B 1996 36,500 36,700 B A4i, B1i, C3Somateria mollissima Eider N 1996 20,000 40,000 C A4i, B1i, C3Melanitta fusca Velvet Scoter B 1996 3,850 4,190 B A4i, B1i, C3Mergus serrator B 1996 590 615 B B1i, C3

Red-breasted MerganserMergus merganser Goosander B 1996 640 660 B A4i, B1i, C3Tringa totanus Redshank B 1996 355 370 B B2Arenaria interpres Turnstone B 1996 790 840 B A4i, B1i, C3Stercorarius parasiticus Arctic Skua B 1996 175 200 B B1ii, C3Larus canus Common Gull B 1996 4,500 5,000 B B2

1 Larus fuscus Lesser Black-backed Gull B 1996 950 1,300 B B1i, B3, C3Larus marinus Great Black-backed Gull B 1996 460 480 B B31 Sterna caspia Caspian Tern B 1996 100 250 B A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6Sterna paradisaea Arctic Tern B 1996 2,490 — C C2

2 Uria aalge Guillemot B 1996 200 400 B B1ii, C32 Alca torda Razorbill B 1996 1,400 2,000 B B1ii, B3, C3Cepphus grylle Black Guillemot B 1996 4,000 4,400 B A4ii, B1ii, B2, C3


688



Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan W 1996 20 30 A B3, C2Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck W — 10,000 — — B1i, C3Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck P 1996 8,000 12,000 B B1i, C3

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1998 20,000 — A A4i, B1i, C2Anser fabalis Bean Goose P 1996 2,000 2,500 A B1i, C3

1. Max. 3,000 in one day on spring passage.


Botaurus stellaris Bittern B 1996 3 6 A C6


Anser fabalis Bean Goose P 1996 5,000 25,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1996 15 18 A C6Grus grus Crane P 1996 200 2,500 A A4i, B1i, C2Locustella naevia Grasshopper Warbler B 1996 25 50 A B3


Sterna caspia Caspian Tern P 1996 50 300 A A4i, B1i, C2

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International NoneIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (Sandemar, 387 ha).



The shoreline was recently restored and a large proportion is nowgrazed, benefiting birds that feed at the site.

Lake Tysslingen A4i, B1i, C2, C3 031Admin region ÖrebroCoordinates 59°18’N 15°02’EAltitude 30–40 m Area 600 ha


Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; alluvial/very wet forest), Grassland (10%; humidgrassland), Wetland (90%; standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificiallandscape (5%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (20%), Not utilized (80%)


An important site for passage wildfowl—the most important stop-over site in northern Europe for Cygnus cygnus. A total of c.230 specieshave been recorded, 90 of which regularly breed.



Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Disturbance to birds (U)

Overgrowth of grassland vegetation has occurred due to undergrazing.

Bay of Rynningeviken C6 032Admin region ÖrebroCoordinates 59°17’N 15°16’EAltitude 22–24 m Area 600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA nutrient-rich, shallow bay of Lake Hjälmaren, surrounded by cattle-grazed wet meadows. The bay was, until recently, a landfill site—restoration was undertaken during 1992–1996 by the city of Örebroauthorities.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; broadleaved deciduous forest; alluvial/very wetforest), Scrub (10%; scrub), Grassland (40%; humid grassland), Wetland (30%; standingfresh water; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (5%; ruderal land)Land-use Nature conservation/research (100%), Tourism/recreation (60%)


This is an important site for breeding wetland passerines and passagewildfowl and waders.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial

IBA overlaps with 2 Nature Reserves (totalling 560 ha). IBA overlapswith Special Protection Area (560 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (B), Industrialization/urbanization (B)

Kvismaren A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C3, C6 033Admin region ÖrebroCoordinates 59°10’N 15°22’EAltitude 22–30 m Area 800 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionKvismaren is a flat fertile agricultural valley. Extensive marshy areasoriginally surrounded two lakes, but following drainage in the 1880sthe lakes disappeared. They have now been replaced by extensivereedbeds (Phragmites) and Salix thickets surrounded by marshymeadows, low-lying pasture and arable land, and densely wooded areas.The main wetland is enclosed by embankments and canals to protectnearby arable land from flooding. Three areas of open water, coveringc.230 ha, have recently been restored as shallow lakes or water-meadows.The IBA contains an important ornithological station.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; alluvial/very wet forest), Scrub (10%; scrub),Grassland (20%; humid grassland), Wetland (70%; mudflat/sandflat; standing freshwater; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Agriculture, Hunting (5%), Nature conservation/research (85%), Not utilized (10%)


The site is important for breeding species of wetland and wet grasslandhabitats, as well as for passage wildfowl and waders. Breeding species ofglobal conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Crex crex.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International HighIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (732 ha). 780 ha of IBA coveredby Ramsar Site (Kvismaren, 780 ha). IBA overlaps with SpecialProtection Area (732 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (A), Other (U)

Increasing numbers of Anser fabalis and Grus grus have led to conflictwith farmers (‘Other’ threat). A programme has been undertaken bothto alleviate this problem and to compensate farmers for crop losses.Continued restoration of the western part of the IBA is expected tobegin soon.

Lake Storhjälmaren A4i, B1i, C2 034Admin region ÖrebroCoordinates 59°18’N 15°50’EAltitude 22–35 m Area 600 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of shoals in the central part of Lake Hjälmaren.

Habitats Wetland (100%; shingle/stony beach; standing fresh water)Land-use Tourism/recreation (100%)


The site is also important as a stop-over site for Larus minutus andChlidonias niger, especially during late summer.

689



Botaurus stellaris Bittern B 1997 5 10 A B2, C61 Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1997 50 100 A C2Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1997 7 10 A C6Sterna hirundo Common Tern B 1997 50 100 A C6

1. Also overwinters.


Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe B 1995 35 50 A B1i, C3Botaurus stellaris Bittern B 1997 24 38 A B2, C2, C6Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P — 200 300 — C2

1 Anser fabalis Bean Goose P 1997 13,000 25,000 A A4i, B1i, C32 Anser anser Greylag Goose N 1997 5,000 6,600 A A4i, B1i, C3Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1997 40 50 A C6Chlidonias niger Black Tern B 1997 25 40 A C2, C6



Anser fabalis Bean Goose P 1996 4,000 6,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Anser anser Greylag Goose P 1996 4,000 5,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle N 1996 10 16 A A1, C1



Threats Other (U)

High levels of water quality are crucial to maintaining suitableconditions for breeding insects, upon which the gulls and terns feed.Large algal blooms may have a negative effect (‘Other’ threat).

Bay of Kilsviken B2, C2, C6 035Admin region VärmlandCoordinates 59°03’N 14°04’EAltitude 45–55 m Area 8,910 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionKilsviken is a nutrient-rich bay off Lake Vänern and is surrounded byagricultural land. The shoreline is largely made up of reedbeds(Phragmites) and water-meadows and there is rich aquatic vegetation.Associated with Kilsviken is Kolstrandsviken Bay, which is moderately-rich in nutrients and contains mudflats, and Åråsviken Bay. Thenorthern part of Åråsviken supports extensive areas of Phragmites, andgrazing-meadows and damp forests occur on the many islands.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest), Grassland (10%; humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland(70%; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach; shingle/stony beach; standing freshwater; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Rocky areas (5%; scree/boulders), Artificiallandscape (5%; highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Forestry (5%), Nature conservation/research (25%), Notutilized (25%), Tourism/recreation (10%)


The IBA is important for breeding waterbirds and raptors, and as astop-over site for migrating waders. Wintering species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla(4–8 birds).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International HighIBA overlaps with Bird Sanctuary (Dyro-Mallskars Skar). IBAoverlaps with Nature Reserve (Inner Kilsviken, 132 ha). IBA overlapswith Nature Reserve (Noton-Arasviken). IBA overlaps with NatureReserve (Vallholmen, 107 ha). 8,910 ha of IBA covered by RamsarSite (Kilsviken, 8,910 ha). IBA overlaps with three Special ProtectionAreas (totalling 2,554 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (U), Disturbance to birds (U), Intensified forest management (U),Other (U), Recreation/tourism (U)

American mink Mustela vison are a threat to breeding birds. Canoeingand other recreational activities may endanger important breedingareas. The bays’ sediments still contain mercury (Hg) from a formerpaper factory (‘Other’ threat).

Lake Tåkern A4i, A4iii, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C4, C6 036Admin region ÖstergötlandCoordinates 58°21’N 14°49’EAltitude 94–100 m Area 5,620 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA shallow, nutrient-rich lake that was partly drained in the 19th

century, allowing extensive reedbeds to colonize about one third ofthe total area. The shallow waters (average depth 0.8 m) are rich inaquatic flora. The surrounding grassland is mainly grazed, and thereare some areas of arable land.

Habitats Forest and woodland (10%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest),Grassland (5%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland), Wetland (80%; standing fresh water; water-fringevegetation)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (10%), Hunting (95%), Nature conservation/research (100%)


The IBA is important for breeding waterbirds and other species ofwetland habitats. It also holds over 20,000 passage waterbirds on aregular basis. Breeding species of global conservation concern thatdo not meet IBA criteria: Crex crex.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International HighIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (5,420 ha). 5,620 ha of IBA coveredby Ramsar Site (Tåkern, 5,650 ha). 5,620 ha of IBA covered by SpecialProtection Area (5,620 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Other (U)

Some meadows have become overgrown as a result of undergrazing,with a consequent adverse effect on waders. Mechanical methods (forexample, mowing) are being used to simulate the effects of grazing.The turbidity of the lake has increased, leading to a decrease in thenumber of birds using the site (‘Other’ threat).

Bay of Svensksundsviken A1, A4i, B1i, C1, C3 037Admin region ÖstergötlandCoordinates 58°35’N 15°25’EAltitude 0–2 m Area 3,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA shallow bay containing some 20 islands, surrounded by extensivegrazed meadows and reedbeds Phragmites. Dryer areas supportJuniperus.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; mixed forest), Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (5%; humidgrassland), Wetland (20%; water-fringe vegetation), Marine areas (70%; sea inlet/coastal features)Land-use Nature conservation/research (60%)


The IBA is important for breeding waterbirds and as a stop-over sitefor passage wildfowl and waders.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International Partial2,026 ha of IBA covered by Nature Reserve (Svensksundsvikens,2,026 ha). 2,026 ha of IBA covered by Special Protection Area (2,026 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (C)

A Ramsar Site (3,680 ha) is likely to be designated in the near future.

690



Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant B 1997 100 500 A B1i, C3Sterna caspia Caspian Tern B 1997 100 150 A A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C6


Sterna caspia Caspian Tern B — 10 — — B2, C6


Botaurus stellaris Bittern B 1996 10 12 — B2, C6Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1996 — 17 — C6

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P — — 1,000 — A4i, B1i, C22 Anser fabalis Bean Goose P — — 10,500 — A4i, B1i, C3Locustella naevia Grasshopper Warbler B — — 60 — B3

1. Decreasing.2. Spring passage; 8,000 on autumn passage.

Dannskär– A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6 038Örskär islandsAdmin region ÖstergötlandCoordinates 58°25’N 16°54’EAltitude 0–5 m Area 95 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn archipelago comprising islands and skerries, some devoid ofvegetation.

Habitats Marine areas (100%; sea inlet/coastal features)Land-use Nature conservation/research (100%)


An important site for breeding waterbirds, raptors and terns. Speciesof global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Haliaeetus albicilla (resident).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International NoneIBA overlaps with Bird Sanctuary (40 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (U)


St Anna archipelago B2, C6 039Admin region ÖstergötlandCoordinates 58°22’N 17°00’EAltitude 0–20 m Area 5,690 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn archipelago comprising hundreds of islands and skerries. Thelarger islands close to the mainland support trees and tallvegetation, whilst those further out support little or no tall vegetation.The area can only be reached by boat and is frequented by touristsduring the summer, although no significant disturbance is causedto birds.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest), Marine areas (open sea;sea inlet/coastal features)Land-use Tourism/recreation


The islands furthest from the mainland support the richest birdlife.Somateria mollissima breed in large numbers; other breeders includeAnser anser, Tringa totanus, Actitis hypoleucos, gulls and auks.Breeding species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBAcriteria: Haliaeetus albicilla.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International LowIBA overlaps with several Bird Sanctuaries. IBA overlaps with NatureReserve (Väggö, 162 ha). IBA overlaps with Special Protection Area(162 ha).


Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (U)

Decreases in the numbers of some waders (Tringa totanus,Arenaria interpres and Charadrius hiaticula) have been noted, butthe causes are unknown. American mink Mustela vison have a verynegative effect on some breeding species (for example, terns andauks).

Dättern–Södra Brandfjorden B2, C6 040Admin region Västra GötalandCoordinates 58°23’N 12°35’EAltitude 44–44 m Area 3,320 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionDättern is an almost enclosed bay of Lake Vänern with a Phragmites-dominated shoreline. Large areas of sand and clay are exposed whenthe water-level is low. The sound connecting Dättern with the mainlake becomes ice-free early in the spring. The bay is surrounded bygrazed meadows, and there is an ancient Alnus wood, 73 ha in size.

Habitats Grassland (humid grassland), Wetland (standing fresh water; water-fringevegetation)Land-use Agriculture


The expanses of sand and clay form important resting areas for waderssuch as Calidris ferruginea. Species of global conservation concernthat do not meet IBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla (non-breeding) andGallinago media (passage).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International HighIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (1,482 ha). 3,320 ha of IBA coveredby Ramsar Site (Dättern, 3,920 ha). IBA overlaps with SpecialProtection Area (1,482 ha).



Overgrown lakeside meadows are being invaded by scrub.

Lake Östen A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C3 041Admin region Västra GötalandCoordinates 58°34’N 13°54’EAltitude 80–80 m Area 1,020 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA shallow, nutrient-rich lake situated in a generally flat landscape,except for a few higher areas that are covered by coniferous forest.The lake was lowered three times by drainage projects in the nineteenthcentury and the reclaimed land, now grazed water-meadows, formsan important wader habitat. The rapid water exchange in the lakemeans that the period of ice-cover is quite short. Livestock-grazing isthe main land-use.

Habitats Forest and woodland (native coniferous forest), Grassland (humid grassland),Wetland (standing fresh water)Land-use Agriculture


The site is important as a stop-over site for passage waterbirds andwaders. Passage species of global conservation concern that do notmeet IBA criteria: Anser erythropus, Crex crex and Gallinago media.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International HighIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (Östen, 1,420 ha). 1,010 ha of IBAcovered by Ramsar Site (Östen, 1,010 ha). IBA overlaps with SpecialProtection Area.

691



Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan W 1997 400 500 B B1i, B3, C2Bucephala clangula Goldeneye N 1997 2,000 4,000 B B1i, C3

1 Bubo bubo Eagle Owl R 1997 2 4 A B2, C6

1. Increasing.


Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan W 1997 150 200 C B3, C2Aythya marila Scaup W 1997 20 30 C B2Bucephala clangula Goldeneye N 1997 2,000 3,000 C B1i, C3


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Drainage (U), Dredging/canalization (U)

Habitat deterioration has occurred, and the site is slowly reverting tomarsh. An unfavourable water regime is assisting the successionalprocess, and drainage, dredging and reclamation projects are ongoing.Breeding wetland birds have almost disappeared. Managementagreements exist between the National Environmental Board and land-owners.

Lake Hornborgasjön A4i, B1i, B1iv, B2, B3, 042Admin region Västra Götaland C2, C3, C5, C6Coordinates 58°19’N 13°33’EAltitude 119–128 m Area 6,350 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA shallow calcareous lake that has undergone extensive restorationwork over the last five years, involving water-level management. Thelake’s surroundings are mainly cultivated or cattle-grazed, althoughthere are some forested areas. More than 100,000 people visit the lakeeach year.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; native coniferous forest; mixed forest), Grassland(20%; dry siliceous grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (50%; standing fresh water;raised bog; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (20%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (30%), Forestry (5%), Nature conservation/research (40%), Notutilized (25%), Tourism/recreation


The IBA is important for breeding wetland birds, and is a migratorybottleneck site, where up to 10,000 Grus grus regularly pass in spring.Species of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Haliaeetus albicilla (3–5 passage birds), Crex crex (1–2 breeding pairs),Gallinago media (5–20 passage birds).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International High15 ha of IBA covered by Nature Reserve (Fageluddens, 15 ha). IBAoverlaps with another Nature Reserve (4,124 ha). 110 ha of IBAcovered by Bird Sanctuary (Bjurum-Dagsnäs, 110 ha). 6,350 ha of IBAcovered by Ramsar Site (Hornborgasjön, 6,370 ha). IBA overlaps withSpecial Protection Area.


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Aquaculture/fisheries (U)

Stigfjorden Fjord B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 043Admin region Göteborg Och BohusCoordinates 58°04’N 11°37’EAltitude 0–60 m Area 8,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA fjord between two large islands situated off the west Swedish coast,with extensive shallow waters and a Zostera-covered clay sea-floor.

The islands have well-managed coastal meadows with a saltmarshcharacter and some forest, mostly deciduous and dominated byQuercus. Human activities include boating, swimming, fishing, andgrazing for conservation purposes.

Habitats Grassland (10%; mesophile grassland), Marine areas (90%; sea inlet/coastal features)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Nature conservation/research, Not utilized (15%), Tourism/recreation, Water management (75%)


The IBA is also important for passage waterbirds and waders. Speciesof global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Haliaeetus albicilla (4–10 wintering birds).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International PartialIBA overlaps with five Nature Reserves (totalling 8,539 ha). 5,180 haof IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Stigfjorden, 5,180 ha). IBA overlapswith Special Protection Area (1,470 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Aquaculture/fisheries (U),Consequences of animal/plant introductions (U)


Bay of Torslandaviken B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3 044Admin region Göteborg och BohusCoordinates 57°40’N 11°50’EAltitude 0–10 m Area 250 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe Bay of Torslandaviken forms one of two branches of the mouthof one of Sweden’s largest rivers.

Habitats Scrub (1%; scrub), Grassland (13%; mesophile grassland), Wetland (69%;mudflat/sandflat; standing brackish and salt water; water-fringe vegetation), Marineareas (15%; sea inlet/coastal features), Rocky areas (3%; sea cliff/rocky shore), Artificiallandscape (other urban/industrial areas; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Not utilized (75%), Urban/industrial/transport (20%)


This is one of the most important sites on the west coast for winteringand passage waterbirds and shorebirds, due to an abundance of foodcaused by nutrient input from a water-purification plant at the rivermouth. A total of 203 species of bird have been recorded in the Bay.



Threats Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (A), Drainage (A), Filling-in ofwetlands (A), Industrialization/urbanization (A), Infrastructure (A)

Part of the site is embanked and is being filled with mud from theadjacent harbour. The continuation of this work will probablyeliminate most of the remaining valuable wetland habitats. Additionalthreats include drainage of adjacent wetlands, the construction ofwind-power plants, controlled tipping, and pollution by industrialsurface water. Concerned locals have established the Society ofTorsviken Nature Reserve with the aim of protecting valuable wetlandhabitats.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe B 1996 40 60 A B1i, C31 Botaurus stellaris Bittern B 1996 10 14 A B2, C61 Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1996 700 900 A A4i, B1i, C21 Anser fabalis Bean Goose P 1996 1,500 2,000 A B1i, C31 Anser anser Greylag Goose P 1996 1,800 2,000 A B1i, C3Anas crecca Teal P 1996 6,000 7,000 A B1i, C3

1 Anas acuta Pintail P 1996 400 500 A B1i, C31 Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1996 20 35 A C6Porzana porzana Spotted Crake B 1996 5 25 A C6

2 Grus grus Crane P 1996 6,000 10,000 A A4i, B1i, C21 Chlidonias niger Black Tern B 1996 25 45 A C2, C63 Locustella naevia Grasshopper Warbler B 1996 30 50 A B3

1. Large increase.2. Daily maxima: 6,000–7,000 on spring passage; 3,500–4,000 on autumn passage.3. Large decrease.

692



Cygnus olor Mute Swan P 1997 1,000 2,000 B B1i, C3Bucephala clangula Goldeneye P 1997 4,000 5,000 B A4i, B1i, C3Mergus serrator P 1997 4,000 5,000 B A4i, B1i, C3

Red-breasted Merganser


Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P 1996 60 220 A C2


Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan W 1996 500 1,200 B A4i, B1i, B3, C21 Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle P 1996 6 20 A A1, C1

1. Large increase.

Bay of Kungsbackafjorden A4i, B1i, C3 045Admin region Göteborg och BohusCoordinates 57°24’N 12°06’EAltitude 0–2 m Area 4,000 ha


Habitats Grassland (5%; humid grassland), Marine areas (80%; sea inlet/coastalfeatures), Rocky areas (5%; sea cliff/rocky shore), Artificial landscape (10%; highlyimproved reseeded grassland; arable land)Land-use Hunting (100%), Nature conservation/research (40%), Tourism/recreation,Water management


The IBA is important as a stop-over site for passage waterbirds.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International LowIBA overlaps with two Nature Reserves (totalling 139 ha). IBAoverlaps with two Special Protection Areas (totalling 138 ha).


Threats Disturbance to birds (U), Recreation/tourism (U)

Lake Ralången C2 046Admin region JönköpingCoordinates 57°51’N 14°51’EAltitude 162–180 m Area 54 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA shallow, nutrient-rich lake situated in an intensively managedagricultural landscape.

Habitats Forest and woodland (20%; mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest), Grassland(20%; humid grassland), Wetland (50%; standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation), Artificial landscape (10%; highly improved reseeded grassland;arable land)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (20%), Hunting (60%), Nature conservation/research (20%), Not utilized (30%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


This is an important site for passage waterbirds. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla(1–2 wintering birds) and Crex crex (4 non-breeding birds).



Threats Afforestation (C), Agricultural intensification/expansion (C), Aquaculture/fisheries (C), Construction/impact of dyke/dam/barrage (B)

Lake Kävsjön and Store Mosse B1i, C7 047Admin region JönköpingCoordinates 57°18’N 13°57’EAltitude 170–170 m Area 7,450 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA freshwater lake and the largest bog in Sweden south of Lapland.

Kävsjön was formerly much larger but drainage in the 19th centuryreduced its size considerably. This led, however, to the creation ofimportant damp grasslands on the reclaimed land and these areas arenow being managed for birds, after a period of neglect. Store Mossecomprises fen and raised bog habitats with scattered sandy ridges(covered by Pinus) and sand/gravel/rock moraines. The only land-uses are grazing and conservation activities.

Habitats Grassland (humid grassland), Wetland (standing fresh water; raised bog)Land-use Agriculture, Nature conservation/research

■■■■■ BirdsAn important site for large spring passage numbers of Cygnus cygnus,Anser fabalis and Grus grus. Three species listed on Annex I of the ECBirds Directive also breed: Porzana porzana, Grus grus and Asioflammeus. Species of global conservation concern that do not meetIBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla (non-breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International HighIBA overlaps with National Park (7,850 ha). 7,450 ha of IBA coveredby Ramsar Site (Store Mosse and Kävsjön, 7,580 ha). IBA overlapswith Special Protection Area.



The only reported problem is that of scrub invasion in some areas.

Lake Solgen A1, A4i, B1i, B3, C1, C2 048Admin region JönköpingCoordinates 57°34’N 15°05’EAltitude 193–240 m Area 4,000 ha


Habitats Forest and woodland (25%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest; mixed forest), Scrub (5%; scrub), Grassland (5%; dry siliceous grassland),Wetland (65%; mudflat/sandflat; standing fresh water; water-fringe vegetation), Rockyareas (5%; sea cliff/rocky shore), Artificial landscape (5%; highly improved reseededgrassland; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (10%), Forestry (40%), Hunting (100%), Tourism/recreation (25%)


This is an important site for wetland species, including severalraptors.



Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Afforestation (U),Deforestation (commercial) (U), Disturbance to birds (A), Recreation/tourism (A)

Karlsö islands B1ii, B3, C3 049Admin region GotlandCoordinates 57°17’N 18°01’EAltitude 0–40 m Area 4,570 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionTwo islands with cliffs situated off south-west Gotland. The tops ofthe islands are flat and support Juniperus and a few copses. Sheep-grazing is the only land-use.

Habitats Scrub, Rocky areas (sea cliff/rocky shore)

693



Uria aalge Guillemot B 1980 8,000 9,000 — B1ii, C3Alca torda Razorbill B 1997 — 4,000 — B1ii, B3, C3


Cygnus columbianus Bewick’s Swan P — — 1,000 — A4i, B1i, C2Branta leucopsis Barnacle Goose B — 2,600 — — A4i, B1i, C2Branta leucopsis Barnacle Goose P — 60,000 — — A4i, B1i, C2Somateria mollissima Eider B — — 10,000 — A4i, B1i, C3Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B — — 450 — A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6Charadrius hiaticula Ringed Plover B — — 1,000 — A4i, B1i, C3Arenaria interpres Turnstone B — — 500 — A4i, B1i, C3Sterna caspia Caspian Tern B — 20 — — B1i, B2, C2, C6Sterna albifrons Little Tern B — — 250 — B1i, B2, C6


Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1997 10 15 A B3, C6


Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P — 150 200 — C2Anas crecca Teal B 1996 2,600 — A B1i, C3

1 Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1996 58 — A B3, C6

1. Large increase.

Land-use Agriculture, Tourism/recreation


The IBA supports large numbers of breeding seabirds, including c.75%of the Baltic breeding population of Uria aalge. Numbers of Alca tordahave increased by 50% over the last decade.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International PartialIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (Lille Karlsö, 926 ha). IBA overlapswith Nature Reserve (Stora Karlsö, 1,426 ha). IBA overlaps withSpecial Protection Area (2,100 ha).

■■■■■ Conservation issuesNo serious threats are known at the site. Auks are counted regularly.Guided tours/information are provided for visitors.

Coastal areas around A4i, B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 050Gotland islandAdmin region GotlandCoordinates 57°24’N 18°42’EAltitude 0–20 m Area 4,100 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe site comprises four main areas: Faludden (57°00’N 18°22’E—1,810 ha), Grötlingboholme (57°07 ’N 18°30’E—1,050 ha),Lausholmar (57°18’N 18°45’E—540 ha) and Skenholmen (57°48’N19°03’E—700 ha). All four are situated on the eastern coast of Gotlandand consist of very low-lying peninsulas and/or islands with agravel-covered limestone foundation. Essentially treeless and coveredmainly by short grassy vegetation used for grazing livestock.Lausholmar is used for military target practice outside of the breedingseason.

Habitats Grassland, Wetland (shingle/stony beach)Land-use Agriculture, Military


Parts of the IBA are rich in breeding species; other areas are importantas wintering grounds for Clangula hyemalis. The IBA as a wholesupports large numbers of migrating swans and geese, andGrötlingboholme is the most important Baltic moulting ground forAnser anser.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International HighIBA overlaps with Bird Sanctuary (Furilden, 280 ha). IBA overlapswith Bird Sanctuary (Norsholmen, 115 ha). IBA overlaps with BirdSanctuary (Ugnen, 280 ha). IBA overlaps with Bird Sanctuary(Vastergarus utholme, 52 ha). IBA overlaps with Nature Reserve(Grotlingboholme, 285 ha). IBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (Lansholmar, 580 ha). IBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (Rone Ytterholme,228 ha). 4,100 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Gotland, east coast,4,220 ha). IBA overlaps with Special Protection Area.


Threats Other (U)

Oil pollution (‘Other’ threat) is a regular occurrence (c.500 incidentsin the Baltic Sea annually). The entire coastal area was surveyed during1996 for its breeding birds.

Båtafjorden Fjord B3, C6 051Admin region HallandCoordinates 57°15’N 12°10’EAltitude 0–1 m Area 200 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA small bay in Kattegatt with adjoining wet meadows. Humanactivities include livestock-grazing.

Habitats Grassland (75%; mesophile grassland), Marine areas (25%; sea inlet/coastal features)Land-use Agriculture (75%)


The site is important for both breeding and passage waders. Passagespecies of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Gallinago media (2–5 birds).



Threats Consequences of animal/plant introductions (C)


Getterön B1i, B3, C2, C3, C6 052Admin region HallandCoordinates 57°07’N 12°13’EAltitude 0–10 m Area 355 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionOriginally an island, the site has been joined to the mainland by anartificial embankment and roadway, a process that resulted in thepartial enclosure and desalinization of Farehammarsviken Bay (themain part of the reserve). The bay is shallow and brackish with afreshwater inflow. It contains areas of marshy vegetation and issurrounded by grazed coastal meadows. In addition to agriculturalactivities, the IBA supports a bird observatory.

Habitats Grassland (52%; humid grassland), Wetland (40%; standing fresh water; water-fringevegetation), Artificial landscape (8%; arable land)Land-use Agriculture (55%), Nature conservation/research, Not utilized (45%), Tourism/recreation


Goose grazing is important in maintaining the open landscape. Speciesof global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Haliaeetus albicilla (wintering) and Crex crex (passage). Three hundredand twenty species have been recorded at the site.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International HighIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (Getteron, 360 ha). 340 ha of IBAcovered by Ramsar Site (Getterön, 340 ha). IBA overlaps with SpecialProtection Area (344 ha).


Threats Recreation/tourism (B)

694


Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Anser fabalis Bean Goose P — — 8,000 — A4i, B1i, C3Mergus merganser Goosander P — — 10,000 — A4i, B1i, C3

2 Haliaeetus albicilla White-tailed Eagle P — 20 — — A1, C1Pandion haliaetus Osprey B 1993 — 50 — B2, C6

1. Spring passage.2. Autumn passage; also winters.

Lake Åsnen A1, A4i, B1i, B2, C1, C3, C6 053Admin region KronobergCoordinates 56°40’N 14°42’EAltitude 160–160 m Area 13,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA large, nutrient-poor lake with many small bays, peninsulas andislands, surrounded by mainly coniferous forest (especially Picea).There is some deciduous woodland, particularly on the islands, whichis important due to its great age. Wetland habitats are found all aroundthe lake and include grazed wet meadows. Human activities includegrazing, regulation of the lake water-level and boating.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferous forest),Grassland (mesophile grassland), Wetland (standing fresh water)Land-use Agriculture, Forestry, Tourism/recreation, Water management


The IBA supports a rich and diverse breeding bird fauna (waterbirds,raptors, waders and forest species), and is a stop-over site during bothspring and autumn migration for wildfowl and raptors. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Crex crex (breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International High260 ha of IBA covered by Nature Reserve (Agnas, 260 ha). 149 ha ofIBA covered by Nature Reserve (Bjurkarr, 149 ha). 368 ha of IBAcovered by Nature Reserve (Gryto, 368 ha). 60 ha of IBA covered byNature Reserve (Lango, 60 ha). 157 ha of IBA covered by NatureReserve (Toftasa Myr, 157 ha). 1,500 ha of IBA covered by NatureReserve (Utnasuddens Ovarld, 1,500 ha). 1,224 ha of IBA covered byNature Reserve (Vastra Asnens Ovarld, 1,224 ha). 13,500 ha of IBAcovered by Ramsar Site (Åsnen, 16,800 ha). IBA overlaps with SpecialProtection Area.


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (U)

Meadows have become overgrown, although some of the olderexamples have now been restored. American mink Mustela vison causeproblems for breeding birds and canoeists create disturbance. TwentyBird Sanctuaries have been designated as part of an ongoing initiative,ranging from 2.1–97 ha in size (621 ha in total)—most are situatedwithin Nature Reserves.

Coastal areas around A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, 054Öland island C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region KalmarCoordinates 56°40’N 16°45’EAltitude 0–5 m Area 10,190 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionÖland is a long, narrow island close to the south-east coast of mainlandSweden. These three distinct sites are located on the low-lying eastcoast of Öland along a major migration route for birds moving to/from north-east Scandinavia and north-west Russia. The main habitatconsists of grazed coastal meadows with marshy areas and scrub. Theshores comprise sand beaches or low chalk cliffs and the shallowoffshore waters contain many sandbanks. Apart from grazing, arablefarming is the only significant land-use.

Habitats Scrub, Grassland, Wetland (sand-dunes/sand beach), Rocky areas (sea cliff/rocky shore)Land-use Agriculture


The coastal meadows support a rich breeding bird fauna, and are usedby thousands of wildfowl and waders as a stop-over site whilst onpassage. The passerine migration is also of great importance.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International Partial310 ha of IBA covered by Bird Sanctuary (Sodviken, 310 ha). 130 haof IBA covered by Bird Santuary (Stora Oren, 130 ha). 8,460 ha ofIBA covered by Ramsar Site (Öland, eastern coastal areas, 8,460 ha).IBA overlaps with Special Protection Area.



The number of grazing animals (mainly cows) is decreasing, and as aresult vegetation succession is causing the grasslands to become lessimportant for birds. The local government supports grazing in selectedareas of high importance. All coastal meadows were mapped duringthe 1988 and 1998 breeding seasons, with preliminary results showingdecreases in numbers of Limosa limosa, Tringa totanus and otherbreeding waders. Migrating birds are counted during the autumn.

Ottenby A4i, B1i, C2, C3 055Admin region KalmarCoordinates 56°12’N 16°24’EAltitude 0–2 m Area 1,610 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThis site forms the southernmost tip of the island of Öland and consistsof deciduous woodland with Betula, Quercus, and Populus tremula,open grazing-land, scrub, sand/pebble beaches, sandbanks and smallbays. There are also extensive shallows and seaweed-covered beaches.The dominant human activity is cattle-raising.

Habitats Forest and woodland (broadleaved deciduous forest), Scrub, Grassland,Wetland (sand-dunes/sand beach; shingle/stony beach; coastal lagoon)Land-use Agriculture, Nature conservation/research


The IBA supports a rich breeding bird fauna, and attracts largenumbers of migrating waterbirds, cranes, raptors and passerines.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational High International High1,610 ha of IBA covered by Nature Reserve (Ottenby, 1,610 ha).1,610 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Ottenby, 1,610 ha). IBAoverlaps with Special Protection Area.

■■■■■ Conservation issuesNo serious threats are known at the site. Ottenby Bird Observatorymanages the Nature Reserve with the help of EU funding—wetmeadows are managed for waders. The observatory (owned by SOF)also monitors breeding birds (e.g. Crex crex) and carries out researchinto bird migration. Some 200,000 people visit every year; a newvisitor’s centre opened in 1997.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Branta leucopsis Barnacle Goose P — 20,000 60,000 — A4i, B1i, C22 Branta bernicla Brent Goose P — 50,000 65,000 — A4i, B1i, C3

1. Larger numbers occur on autumn passage.2. Totals vary from year to year. Larger numbers occur on spring passage.

Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Branta leucopsis Barnacle Goose B 1997 400 500 — C2Branta leucopsis Barnacle Goose P 1997 4,000 6,000 — A4i, B1i, C2

2 Haliaeetus albicilla B 1997 4 5 — A1, B2, C1, C6White-tailed Eagle

Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1988 250 300 — A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6Tringa totanus Redshank B 1988 — 800 — B1i, B2, C3

1 Sterna caspia Caspian Tern B 1996 20 — — B1i, B2, C2, C6Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1988 — 50 — B2, C6

1. Increasing.2. Increasing. Also winters.

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Species Season Year Pop min Pop max Acc Criteria1 Milvus milvus Red Kite B 1996 1 2 A B3, C6Uria aalge Guillemot W 1996 50 500 C B1ii, C3Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike B 1996 20 30 B C6

1. Large increase.


Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant P 1996 500 2,000 B B1i, C31 Milvus milvus Red Kite B 1996 1 3 A B3, C6Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1996 15 35 A B3, C6Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1996 10 25 B B2, C6Uria aalge Guillemot W 1996 100 1,000 C B1ii, C3Alca torda Razorbill W 1996 50 500 C B1ii, C3

1. Large increase.

Kullaberg B1ii, B3, C3, C6 056Admin region SkåneCoordinates 56°18’N 12°28’EAltitude 0–188 m Area 7,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA high rocky outcrop that points in the direction of the Kattegatt.

Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; broadleaved deciduous forest; native coniferousforest), Wetland (5%; standing fresh water), Marine areas (60%; open sea), Artificiallandscape (30%; highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (25%), Fisheries/aquaculture (50%), Forestry (10%), Natureconservation/research (20%)


This is an important site for wintering and passage seabirds andseaduck, including Somateria mollissima, Melanitta nigra, Melanittafusca, Bucephala clangula and Cepphus grylle.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International PartialIBA overlaps with two Nature Reserves (totalling 1,276 ha). IBAoverlaps with Special Protection Area (1,276 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Consequences of animal/plant introductions (U), Intensified forest management (U)


Bay of Skälderviken A4iii, B1i, B1ii, B1iv, B2, B3, 057Admin region Skåne C3, C4, C5, C6Coordinates 56°13’N 12°45’EAltitude 0–5 m Area 5,500 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA bay of the Kattegatt with a varied shoreline, comprising cliffs, sandbeaches and wet meadows. Several shallow water areas in the bayitself provide feeding opportunities for wintering and passage seabirds.

Habitats Grassland (30%; humid grassland), Wetland (sand-dunes/sand beach), Marineareas (10%; open sea), Rocky areas (sea cliff/rocky shore), Artificial landscape (60%;highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land; urban parks/gardens)Land-use Agriculture (85%), Not utilized (10%), Urban/industrial/transport (5%)


Important for wintering seaducks and seabirds, the site is also a majormigratory bottleneck site, where more than 5,000 raptors regularlypass in autumn (mainly Pernis apivorus and Buteo buteo). Winteringspecies of global conservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria:Haliaeetus albicilla (1–3 birds). More than 140 breeding species havebeen recorded.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International PartialIBA overlaps with Bird Sanctuary and Nature Reserve. IBA overlapswith Special Protection Area (280 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Agricultural intensification/expansion (U), Aquaculture/fisheries (U), Consequences of animal/plantintroductions (U)

Nutrient-rich run-off enters the bay via streams that drain one ofSweden’s most intensively farmed agricultural areas. American minkMustela vison pose a threat to breeding birds. Development of theshoreline may become a problem in the future. A Ramsar Site(1,320 ha) is likely to be designated in the near future.

North-east Scania A1, A4i, B1i, B2, B3, 058coastline and archipelago C1, C2, C3, C6Admin region SkåneCoordinates 56°04’N 14°38’EAltitude 0–15 m Area 10,914 ha


Habitats Forest and woodland (15%; native coniferous forest; mixed forest), Scrub (10%;scrub; heathland), Grassland (10%; humid grassland; mesophile grassland), Wetland(25%; fen/transition mire/spring), Marine areas (20%; sea inlet/coastal features), Rockyareas (5%; scree/boulders), Artificial landscape (20%; highly improved reseededgrassland; arable land; forestry plantation)Land-use Agriculture (40%), Forestry (10%), Hunting (5%), Military (15%), Not utilized(30%), Tourism/recreation (5%)


This is an important site for breeding gulls, wintering raptors andpassage wildfowl.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International LowIBA overlaps with Bird Sanctuary (80 ha). IBA overlaps with NatureReserve (50 ha). IBA overlaps with Special Protection Area (1,011 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Agricultural intensification/expansion (U), Other (U)

Undergrazing is a problem, and the shoreline is subject to frequent oilspills from ships (‘Other’ threat).

Bay of Lundåkrabukten B1i, C2, C3 059Admin region SkåneCoordinates 55°52’N 12°50’EAltitude 0–10 m Area 20,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA shallow bay in the straits of Öresund, situated 20–30 km to thenorth of a new bridge linking Sweden and Denmark. The beaches areof sand and clay; grazed meadows are also present.

Habitats Grassland (10%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; dry siliceous grassland),Wetland (25%; mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach; water-fringe vegetation),Marine areas (70%; open sea)Land-use Nature conservation/research (5%), Not utilized (85%), Tourism/recreation (5%),Urban/industrial/transport (5%)


Anser fabalis Bean Goose W 1996 3,000 8,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Milvus milvus Red Kite R 1996 5 6 B B3, C6Haliaeetus albicilla W 1996 10 20 A A1, C1

White-tailed Eagle1 Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1996 12 15 A B3, C6Larus argentatus Herring Gull B 1996 4,000 4,800 A B1iLarus marinus B 1996 90 100 A B3

Great Black-backed GullSterna caspia Caspian Tern B 1996 15 17 A B1i, B2, C2, C6

1 Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1996 30 33 A B2, C6Lullula arborea Woodlark B 1996 25 40 B C6

1. Large increase.

696



Anser fabalis Bean Goose P 1996 800 1,200 C B1i, C3Pluvialis apricaria Golden Plover P 1996 8,000 10,000 A B1i, C2Calidris alpina Dunlin P 1996 800 1,000 B B1i, C3


Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P — 150 400 — B1i, C2


This is important as a stop-over site for passage wildfowl and waders,as well as for wintering wildfowl (for example, Anas penelope, Aythyafuligula and Bucephala clangula).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International NoneIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve (218 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Disturbance to birds (A),Recreation/tourism (A)

Undergrazing is a problem. A Ramsar Site (1,960 ha) is likely to bedesignated in the near future.

Bay of Lommabukten B1i, B2, B3, C2, C3, C6 060Admin region SkåneCoordinates 55°44’N 12°59’EAltitude 0–5 m Area 30,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionA shallow bay in the straits of Öresund, situated to the north of a newbridge linking Sweden and Denmark. The beaches are of sand and clay.

Habitats Grassland (15%; steppe/dry calcareous grassland; humid grassland), Wetland (40%;mudflat/sandflat; sand-dunes/sand beach; water-fringe vegetation), Marine areas (35%; open sea),Artificial landscape (20%; highly improved reseeded grassland; arable land; urban parks/gardens)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Nature conservation/research (5%), Not utilized (70%), Tourism/recreation (10%), Urban/industrial/transport (20%)


This is an important site for wintering wildfowl, breeding and passagewaders, and both wintering and passage gulls.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International PartialIBA overlaps with Nature Reserve. IBA overlaps with SpecialProtection Area.


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Industrialization/urbanization (U),Infrastructure (U), Other (U), Recreation/tourism (B)

Polluting discharges from shipping lanes (‘Other’ threat) anddevelopment of the shoreline pose the greatest threats to the site. Theregion as a whole is currently undergoing economic expansion.

Falsterbo–Bay of Foteviken A4i, A4iv, B1i, B1iv, 061Admin region Skåne B2, B3, C2, C3, C5, C6Coordinates 55°25’N 12°55’EAltitude 0–6 m Area 20,000 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionAn area of shallow coastal waters comprising lagoons, sandbanks andbeaches. Also included are coastal grasslands, marshland, heatherCalluna moorland, wet heaths and some cultivated land. Ten percentof the area at the lower end of Falsterbo is a golf course.

Habitats Forest and woodland (5%; mixed forest), Scrub (5%; heathland), Grassland(10%; mesophile grassland), Wetland (20%; sand-dunes/sand beach; coastal lagoon;water-fringe vegetation), Marine areas (25%; open sea), Artificial landscape (35%;arable land; urban parks/gardens; ruderal land)Land-use Agriculture (5%), Nature conservation/research (30%), Not utilized (25%),Tourism/recreation (25%), Urban/industrial/transport (10%)


The IBA is a major migratory bottleneck site, where more than 20,000raptors regularly pass in spring and autumn (mainly Pernis apivorus,Accipiter nisus and Buteo buteo). Large numbers of passerines alsopass through, with 1,100,000 Fringilla coelebs and Fringillamontifringilla having been recorded on a single October morning. Thearea is also important for wintering wildfowl. A total of 340 specieshave been recorded, with yearly totals exceeding 200 species.

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International PartialIBA overlaps with seven Nature Reserves (totalling c.42,600 ha).7,450 ha of IBA covered by Ramsar Site (Falsterbo–Foteviken,7,450 ha). IBA overlaps with Special Protection Area (13,640 ha).



River Klingavälsån– B1i, C2 062Lake KrankesjönAdmin region SkåneCoordinates 55°37’N 13°37’EAltitude 20–20 m Area 3,975 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe area contains shallow eutrophic lakes, meandering streams,reedbeds (Phragmites), riverside meadows (flooded annually),marshland, Alnus forest and Salix thickets. Large parts of the site areused to graze cattle and for haymaking. Human activities also includefishing, bathing and military exercises.

Habitats Forest and woodland, Grassland (mesophile grassland), Wetland (standing freshwater; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Agriculture, Military, Tourism/recreation


The site is important as a stop-over site for passage swans, geese andducks, and also supports a diversity of breeding waterbirds, as well aswintering Anser fabalis and five species of raptor. Species of globalconservation concern that do not meet IBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla(wintering) and Crex crex (breeding and passage).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Partial International HighIBA covered by two Nature Reserves (totalling 2,321 ha). 3,975 ha ofIBA covered by Ramsar Site (Klingavälsån–Krankesjön, 3,975 ha).IBA overlaps with Special Protection Area (2,900 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Drainage (U)


Phalacrocorax carbo Cormorant P 1996 1,000 2,000 B B1i, C3Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan W 1996 — 224 B B3, C2Anser fabalis Bean Goose W 1996 — 1,642 B B1i, C3Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1996 20 40 A B3, C6Pluvialis apricaria Golden Plover P 1996 5,000 10,000 B B1i, C2Larus argentatus Herring Gull W 1996 10,000 15,000 A B1iSterna albifrons Little Tern B 1996 — 5 A B2, C6


Anser anser Greylag Goose B 1996 100 900 A B1i, C3Branta bernicla Brent Goose P 1996 1,500 42,000 A A4i, B1i, C3Anas clypeata Shoveler P 1996 100 800 A B1i, C3Grus grus Crane P 1996 — 760 A B1i, C2Recurvirostra avosetta Avocet B 1996 170 300 A A4i, B1i, B3, C2, C6

1 Calidris alpina Dunlin B 1996 60 122 A B1i, C3Calidris alpina Dunlin P 1996 100 6,000 A B1i, C3Sterna albifrons Little Tern B 1996 25 44 A B2, C6

1. C. alpina schinzii.

697


The site is important for breeding species of wet grassland and otherriverine habitats. Species of global conservation concern that do notmeet IBA criteria: Haliaeetus albicilla (wintering) and Crex crex(breeding).

■■■■■ Protection statusNational Low International HighIBA overlaps with two Nature Reserves (totalling 283 ha). IBAoverlaps with Private Reserve (80 ha). 5,300 ha of IBA covered byRamsar Site (Helgeån, 5,500 ha). IBA overlaps with eight SpecialProtection Areas (totalling 2,062 ha).


Threats Abandonment/reduction of land management (U), Agricultural intensification/expansion (U), Drainage (U), Filling-in of wetlands (U)

Threats include the effects of reductions in grazing intensity andnutrient-rich agricultural run-off. Reedbeds and sedge-beds areexpanding rapidly, encroaching into areas of open water. Drainageand the filling-in of wet areas are additional threats. Government,local authorities and NGOs are working together to secure the site’sfuture, and nature tourism is being promoted. The maintenance ofgrazing and mowing is a conservation priority. Only 5% of the RamsarSite was protected by 1997. Census work and ringing are undertakenat the Nedre Helgeåns field station.


Botaurus stellaris Bittern B 1996 — 10 — B2, C61 Cygnus cygnus Whooper Swan P — — 800 — A4i, B1i, C2Anser fabalis Bean Goose W 1996 — 5,000 — A4i, B1i, C3Anser fabalis Bean Goose P — — 15,000 — A4i, B1i, C3


Circus aeruginosus Marsh Harrier B 1996 — 20 — C6

1. Spring passage; also overwinters.

REFERENCES

AHLÉN, I. AND TJERNBERG, M., EDS. (1996) Rödlistade ryggradsdjur i Sverige—Artfakta [Swedish Red Data Book of vertebrates 1996]. Uppsala, Sweden:ArtDatabanken, SLU. (In Swedish.)

ANON. (1989) Nationalparksplan för Sverige. Solna, Sweden: Naturvårdsverket.(In Swedish with English summary.)

ANON. (1997) Skyddad natur. Stockholm: Naturvårdsverket (Rapport 4738).(In Swedish with English summary.)

GRIMMETT, R. F. A. AND JONES, T. A. (1989) Important Bird Areas inEurope. Cambridge, UK: International Council for Bird Preservation(Techn. Publ. 9).

HEATH, M. F. AND BORGGREVE, C. (2000) BirdLife International/EBCCEuropean Bird Database 1998. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International.

OTTOSSON, U., JOHANSSON, K. AND PETTERSSON, J. (1989) Hackfagel-bestandenav and-och masfaglar samt vadare pa Olands strandangar [Breeding ducks,geese, gulls, terns and waders on coastal meadows on Oland]. Calidris 18:47–87. (In Swedish.)

TUCKER, G. M. AND HEATH, M. F. (1994) Birds in Europe: their conservationstatus. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International (BirdLife ConservationSeries no. 3).

Drainage has impoverished the fauna and flora of some of themeadowland. A reduction in grazing intensity has had an adverse effecton wader numbers.

River Helgeån A4i, B1i, B2, C2, C3, C6 063Admin region SkåneCoordinates 56°01’N 14°09’EAltitude 0–10 m Area 5,300 ha

■■■■■ Site descriptionThe IBA covers the plains situated along the final 35 km of the RiverHelgeån before it enters the Baltic Sea, and incorporates two lakes(Araslövsjön and Hammarsjön). The river meadows are interspersedwith grazed areas, bushes, reedbeds (Phragmites) and wet woodlands.Intensively managed agricultural land surrounds the IBA.

Habitats Forest and woodland (mixed forest; alluvial/very wet forest), Grassland (humidgrassland), Wetland (standing fresh water; river/stream; water-fringe vegetation)Land-use Agriculture, Nature conservation/research


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