Swine diseases

Mange: Sarcoptes scabei var suis Greasy pig disease: Staphylococcus hyicus:

Gram-positive coccus Swine pox: Swine pox virus Erysipelas: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:

Gram-positive, aerobic, slightly bent, thin bacillus

Sarcoptes scabei var suis (not zoonotic) represents the most important

ectoparasitic disease of swine nursery or grower pigs

Clinical signsintense pruritus, lichenification, papules, crustspoor productionsusceptible to other diseases

Diagnosis - clinical signs, skin scrapeTreatment and control, acaricide (amitraz) topically, ivermectin injection

0.5 mm in length, gray to white, and just visible to the naked eye when on a black background

ova, larvae, nymphs, adults develop in the epidermis

Place the scraping on a piece of black paper for a few minutes. Then carefully blow off the superficial debris and examine the site on the paper for the small, light colored mites.

Exudative dermatitis Staphylococcus hyicus: Gram-positive coccus Affects late preweaning pigs: few days to

about eight weeks of age

Clinical signsexfoliation of skin, excess sebaceous secretionpruritis not a feature unless complicated my mange

Diagnosis - clinical signs and culture or histopathology

Sebaceous glands secrete excessively and there is accumulation of greasy exudate over lesions

Treatment: frustrating Injectible penicllin, oxytetracyline Tetracyclines in feed Topicals: 10% bleach, chlorhexidine, Virkon®

(Durvet) or dilute tamed iodine Control

Sanitation: sanitation for pregnant sows, especially in housing, and washing of sows may be of value

Control external parasites Good nutrition

Swine pox virus◦ Poxviridae family

Only pigs less than 4months old

Clinical signspapules 1-6 mm in diameterpustules, crustsclear spontaenously

“round to oval cutaneous lesions that heal in three to four weeks”

Diagnosis - clinical signs, biopsyintracytoplasmic inclusion bodies

Treatment - not necessary: herd immunity

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae◦ Gram-positive, aerobic, slightly bent, thin

bacillus Diamond skin disease: zoonotic pigs 3months - 3years old

Clinical signswidespread ecchymotic hemorrhages due to microthrombiarthritis, endocarditis

Diagnosis Diamond skin lesions pathognomonic Culture of blood, joints, lung, liver

Treatment Penicillin is the drug of choice

Control General sanitation Bacterins or attenuated live vaccines

Swine lice: louse, Pediculosis Baby piglet anemia

Haematopinus suis: zoonotic, 6 mm long (largest louse)

Lifecycle◦ sucking louse (anemia)◦ entire LC on host

Indicator of poor management

Clinical signs pruritis (mild), anemia, poor growing

Diagnosis visible to naked eye

Treatment - same as for mange

Iron deficiency Piglets iron demand is greater than the

sows milk (15-50%) Pigs raised in the outdoors may not need

iron Vit E/ selenium deficiency : Fe toxicity !!

Clinical signs anemia within 2-3 days of birth dyspnea, edema, pale skin, lethargy

Diagnosis - clinical signs, CBC Treatment - 200mg iron dextran at 1-3 days

of age

Africa Swine FeverFoot and mouth diseaseHog cholera / classical swine feverSwine vesicular diseaseMalignant catarrhal fever

Virus family Flaviviridae, genus Pestivirus Highly contagious viral dz 1978: ‘hog free’ Swine and boars Direct/ uncooked meat CS: High Fever: 106-108oF

(>41oC)DepressionConjunctivitisConstipation, then DiarrheaSkin hemorrhages/CyanosisStillbirths, deformities, mummiesneurologic

Renal petechiation

African swine fever genus asfivirus in the family Asfarviridae Only DNA virus ~ arbovirus

hemorrhage in multiple areas: hot sick red pigs

is a tick-borne (ornithodorus), contagious, febrile, systemic viral disease of swine

100% mortality No vaccine

1. Greatly enlarged dark red to black friable spleen

2. Enlarged hemorrhagic gastrohepatic lymph nodes

3. Enlarged hemorrhagic renal lymph nodes

◦ African Swine Fever pigs do not develop conjunctivitis or encephalitis

◦ Despite high fever, ASF infected pigs stay in good condition, whereas hog cholera infected pigs drastically lose weight

Foot and mouth disease - apthavirus* Swine vesicular disease - enterovirus Vesicular exanthema - calicivirus Vesicular stomatitis - rhabdovirus

http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_dis_spec/swine/

http://www.ncsu.edu/project/swine_extension/ncporkconf/2002/roberts.htm

http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/pbs/zoonoses/Erysipelas/erysipelasindex.html

http://vetmed.iastate.edu/vdpam/new-vdpam-employees/food-supply-veterinary-medicine/swine/swine-diseases/haemophilus-parasuis-

http://vetpath.wordpress.com/category/necropsy-cases/

http://www.fmv.utl.pt/atlas/figado/pages_us/figad015_ing.htm

http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/DiseaseInfo/disease.php?name=influenza&lang=en

http://microgen.ouhsc.edu/a_pleuro/a_pleuro_home.htm

http://www.cvm.tamu.edu/fadr/disease.aspx?did=2500