SWINE FLU

SWINE FLU The swine flu is a strain of virus that shares genes

with flu viruses that affect pigs.• Swine influenza (also called pig influenza, swine

flu, hog flu and pig flu) • The new virus is made from pieces of flu viruses

that infect pigs from North America, pigs from Eurasia, and pieces from human and bird flu viruses that were all mixed together

• Scientific name is Influenza A / H1N1

Eurasian North American+ + +

H1N1 INFLUENZA A

• scientific name for swine flu,• H means hemagglutinin – 16 versions, needed for

virus to enter cell• N means neuraminidase – 9 versions, needed for

virus to leave cell• "1"s refer to their antibody type. • Influenza A is a genus of the Orthomyxoviridae

family of viruses, and refers to the fact that the virus is first identified in an animal, usually a pig or a bird.

ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC IMAGE

• The viruses are 80–120 nanometres in diameter.

HISTORY• Swine influenza was first proposed to be a

disease related to human influenza during the 1918 flu pandemic, when pigs became sick at the same time as humans.

• H1N1

• In 1997–1998, H3N2

• The H1N1 viral strain implicated in the 2009 flu pandemic among humans often is called "swine flu"

TRANSMISSION

Transmission Between Pigs :

• Close contacts during animal transport.

• Intensive farming may also increase the risk of transmission,

• The direct transfer of the virus occurs by – pigs touching noses, – or through dried mucus.

• Airborne transmission through the aerosols produced by pigs coughing or sneezing are also an important means of infection.

TRANSMISSION

Transmission to Humans :• People who work with poultry and swine have

an increased risk of zoonotic infections.

• From swine to humans who work with swine

• Meat processing workers (The meat of an infected animal poses no risk of infection when properly cooked.)

ZOONOTIC SWINE FLU

• Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide.

• Transmission of the virus from pigs to humans– is not common – does not always lead to human influenza – Only antibodies production in the blood.

• If transmission does cause human influenza, it is called zoonotic swine flu

TRANSMISSION

Transmission Between Humans: Influenza spreads between humans

when infected people cough or sneeze, then other people breathe in the virus or touch something with the virus on it and then touch their own face.

Antigenic Shift

Emergency Warning Signs

IN ADULTS:

• Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath

• Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen

• Sudden dizziness

• Confusion

• Severe or persistent Vomiting

• Low temperature

• IN CHILDREN:• Fast breathing or working hard to breathe• Bluish skin color• Not drinking enough fluids• Not waking up or not interacting• Being so irritable that the child does not want

to be held• Flu-like symptoms that improve but then

return with fever and worse cough• Fever with a rash• Being unable to eat• Having no tears when crying

Symptoms of swine flu in swine

Intestinal diarrhea Coughing

sore throat Psychological lethargy lack of appetite

Nasopharynx sneezing mucous nose/eye

Systematic fever weight loss poor growth

In Humans

Common Cause Of Death

• Respiratory failure.

• Pneumonia (leading to sepsis)

• High fever (leading to neurological problems),

• Dehydration (from excessive vomiting and diarrhea)

• Electrolyte Imbalance.

Fatalities are more likely in young children and the elderly.

PREVENTION

PREVENTION IN SWINE:

Methods of preventing the spread of influenza among swine include – facility management, – herd management, and– vaccination.

Because much of the illness and death associated with swine flu involves secondary infection by other pathogens, control strategies that rely on vaccination may be insufficient.

PREVENTION

PREVENTION IN HUMANS:

• farmers and veterinarians are encouraged to use a face mask

• wearing gloves when working with sick animals

PREVENTION

PREVENTION AMONG HUMANS:• Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when

you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after you use it.

• Washing your hands often with soap and water, especially after you cough or sneeze. You can also use alcohol-based hand cleaners.

• Avoiding touching your eyes, nose or mouth. • Trying to avoid close contact with sick people.• Staying home from work or school if you are sick.

TREATMENT

IN SWINE:

• Antibiotics are used to treat this disease, which although they have no effect against the influenza virus, do help prevent bacterial pneumonia and other secondary infections in influenza-weakened herds

• Vaccination.

TREATMENTIN HUMANS:• Antiviral drugs can make the illness milder• There are two classes of such medicines,

1) adamantanes (amantadine and remantadine), 2) Inhibitors of influenza neuraminidase

(oseltamivir and zanamivir).

• The viruses obtained from the recent human cases with swine influenza in the United States were sensitive to oselatmivir and zanamivir but resistant to amantadine and remantadine.

SUMMARY•

ANY ?

ANUM ZAHRABs (Hons) 8th semester

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