swine postmortem techniques for grow-finish objectives for

11

Swine Postmortem Techniques for Grow-Finish

Iowa Pork Regional Conferences

February 19-23, 2007

Iowa State College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

Objectives for this sessionObjectives for this sessionUse images to review stepUse images to review step--byby--step procedures for step procedures for necropsy procedurenecropsy procedure

Identify gross abnormalities of respiratory (lungs) Identify gross abnormalities of respiratory (lungs) and enteric systems (digestive track)and enteric systems (digestive track)

Understand the collection of appropriate tissue Understand the collection of appropriate tissue specimens for diagnostic investigationspecimens for diagnostic investigation

Provide diagnostic tips and comments for achieving Provide diagnostic tips and comments for achieving maximum value from diagnostic lab submissionsmaximum value from diagnostic lab submissions

Reflect front and rear legs


Make a tab of skin beginning under the mandibles


Pull up on the tab and reflect skin while cutting through the sternum.

Iowa State College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

22




Locate ileocecocolic junction

cecum

Colon

ileum


33

Identify the ileocecocolic junction

String out the small intestine by cutting the mesentery

Iowa State College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State College of Veterinary Medicine Iowa State College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State College of Veterinary MedicineIleum


Large on the left

Normal Ulcerated

Severe stomach ulcers

Iowa State College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State College of Veterinary MedicineHealed ulcer with stricture at esophagus entrance

44

Iowa State College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State College of Veterinary MedicineBlood clot with fibrin in ileum – severe ileitis

Normal

Blood clot

Thickened, irritated small intestine

Normal

Thickened Intestine

55


Porcine EnteritisPorcine EnteritisNursery and GrowNursery and Grow--FinishFinish

IleumIleum: Two 10 cm sections fresh/chilled, four 1 cm : Two 10 cm sections fresh/chilled, four 1 cm sections fixedsections fixedJejunumJejunum: Two 10 cm sections fresh/chilled, four 1 : Two 10 cm sections fresh/chilled, four 1 cm sections fixedcm sections fixedCecum and colonCecum and colon: Entire organ or two 10 cm : Entire organ or two 10 cm segments of the spiral colon fresh/chilled, four 1 cm segments of the spiral colon fresh/chilled, four 1 cm pieces fixedpieces fixedLesionsLesions: 10 cm segment fresh, several pieces fixed: 10 cm segment fresh, several pieces fixedFecesFeces: 10 ml chilled: 10 ml chilledMesenteric lymph nodeMesenteric lymph node: Fresh and fixed: Fresh and fixedLiverLiver: : ¼¼ of organ fresh, 3 slices fixedof organ fresh, 3 slices fixedStomachStomach: Examine for and submit lesions: Examine for and submit lesions

1 cm sections for histopath

jejunum

ileum

cecum


Thickened small intestinal mucosa in a case of PCV2-associated enteritis

Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes



NurseryNursery--Finisher Enteritis Finisher Enteritis Sampling Tips and CommentsSampling Tips and Comments

Collect intestines after all other organ samples are Collect intestines after all other organ samples are collected to avoid fecal contaminationcollected to avoid fecal contaminationPackage small intestines separate from large, Package small intestines separate from large, package GI tissues separate from all other tissuespackage GI tissues separate from all other tissuesSamples must be taken within minutes of death to Samples must be taken within minutes of death to minimize autolysis of villiminimize autolysis of villiFlush intestinal contents out of histopath sections Flush intestinal contents out of histopath sections and expose mucosa to formalinand expose mucosa to formalinIn cases of necrotic enteritis, submit necrotic In cases of necrotic enteritis, submit necrotic segments and adjacent nonsegments and adjacent non--necrotic segmentsnecrotic segments


Porcine PneumoniaPorcine PneumoniaBrain: Brain: ½½ fresh/chilled and fresh/chilled and ½½ fixedfixedUpper respiratory tractUpper respiratory tract•• Swab of turbinateSwab of turbinate•• Swab of bronchusSwab of bronchus•• Turbinate scroll fixedTurbinate scroll fixed

LungLung•• Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid if PRRSV VI requestedBronchoalveolar lavage fluid if PRRSV VI requested•• Entire side with no holes or generous portion (10 cm Entire side with no holes or generous portion (10 cm

cube) with lesion submitted freshcube) with lesion submitted fresh•• Five 1 cm slices formalinFive 1 cm slices formalin--fixedfixed……see mapsee map

Tracheobronchial lymph node: Tracheobronchial lymph node: ½½ fresh, fresh, ½½ fixedfixedTonsil: Tonsil: ½½ fresh and fresh and ½½ fixedfixed

66

Nasal swabs can be taken from live or euthanized pigs. Use appropriate swabs (viral or bacterial) and get sample from the middle region of the nasal turbinate.


A hack saw is used to cut the snout for a transverse view

Septal deviation

Turbinate atrophy


Necropsy approach in a finisher pig with respiratory disease


Ventral approach

Lateral approach


View of the carcass after removal of sternum and ventral abdominal skin and cracking the ribs back


View of the carcass on which a lateral approach was used and sets of 2-3 ribs were cracked back


77

Ventral head/mandible

Larynx

Remove larynx with the pulmonary tract pluck


Thoracic inlet

Lung

Trachea and lymph nodes


Location for collection of 5 slices of lung for histopath

1

2

34

5

Include airway cross sections

Include affected and adjacent unaffected tissue


Collect tracheobronchial lymph nodes for

microbiology and histopath

Lung from a pig experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2


Iowa State College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State College of Veterinary MedicineNormal Lung Iowa State College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State College of Veterinary MedicineDiseased lung

88


Normal lung Diseased lung


Normal lung Normal lungNormal lungNormal lung

Normal lung Normal lung

99


Enlarged liver


Fibrin

Infected heart

Fibrin coated lung and heart

1. Carefully cut through the skin and just into the joint capsule

2. Using torque, pop open the joint and collect joint fluid on a swab or in a syringe

Collect synovium for histopath exam


Collect lymph nodes for microbiological testing and histopath exam

inguinal LN

iliac LNmediastinal LN


1010

Examine skin and collect lesions in different stages of progression

Erysipelas

Parvovirus and Staphylococcus aureus

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

Salmonellosis


AcknowledgementsAcknowledgementsISUISU--VDL Pathology Section FacultyVDL Pathology Section Faculty•• Dr. Pat HalburDr. Pat Halbur•• Dr. Kent SchwartzDr. Kent Schwartz•• Dr. Mike YaegerDr. Mike Yaeger•• Dr. Dave LarsonDr. Dave Larson•• Dr. Bruce Dr. Bruce JankeJanke•• Dr. Locke KarrikerDr. Locke Karriker

ISUISU--VDL DirectorVDL Director•• Dr. Gary OsweilerDr. Gary Osweiler

ISUISU--VDL Necropsy Floor StaffVDL Necropsy Floor Staff•• Ray GroverRay Grover•• Mike JenningsMike Jennings•• Jeff MeisterJeff Meister

ISU Biomedical CommunicationsISU Biomedical Communications•• Jim Fosse for photographyJim Fosse for photography

http://www.vetmed.iastate.edu/departments/vdpam/vdl/userguide/pathology

Thanks and good luck with your diagnostic investigations…


swine postmortem techniques for grow-finish objectives for

Documents