switch: implementing cisco ip switched networks … implementing cisco ip switched networks course 1...
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SWITCH: Implementing Cisco IP
Switched Networks
Course 1 - Network Design
Slide 1
SWITCH: IMPLEMENTING
CISCO IP SWITCHED
NETWORKS
Course 1 - Network Design
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Slide 2
Cisco Hierarchical Model
Problems with a flat network
No scalability
Broadcast storms
Cisco Hierarchical Network
Access
Distribution
Core
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Slide 3
Hierarchical Design (eNotes)
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Slide 4
Access Layer
Entry point to the network
Converges different types of traffic
Voice, Data, Video
Can introduce security at this layer
802.1X
VACLs
Support for multicast
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Slide 5
Distribution Layer
Traffic Aggregation
Routing
Redundancy design
Polices:
ACLs
QoS
Filtering
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Slide 6
Core Layer
Designed for High Speed Traffic
Also an aggregation point
Redundancy
Fast Convergence
Future Growth
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Slide 7
Collapsed Core Option
The Distribution Layer can also act as the Core
This depends on the hardware and topology
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Slide 8
Collapsed Core (eNotes)
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Slide 9
Types of Switches
Core
Cisco Catalyst 6800 series
Distribution
Cisco Catalyst 3850 series
Access
Cisco 2960-X Series
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Slide 10
Routed vs. Switched Architecture (eNotes)
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Slide 11
Layer 2 Switching
The switch (assuming ethernet) is only going to
consider the MAC address for forwarding
information.
CAM Table
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Slide 12
Other Switching Tables
CAM
TCAM
ACLs
QoS
Hardware based speed of forwarding
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Slide 13
Multilayer Switching at the Access Layer
Switches can make forwarding decisions based
on the IP address
CAM
TCAM
QoS
ACL
FIB
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Slide 14
How the Frame is Re-written at L3
The Layer 2 portion is re-written after a routing
function.
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Slide 15
Cisco Distributed Hardware Model
In MLS, there are two architectures:
Control Plane
Routing Protocol
Routing Table
Data Plane
FIB (IP Routing Table)
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Slide 16
Switching Methods
Process Switching
Slowest but less errors
Fast Switching
Faster – switches the first packet and uses the results
for future frames in that flow
CEF
Topology Based
Fastest, but does have limitations
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Slide 17
Switching Methods (eNotes)
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Slide 18
Route Caching
Once called Route once, switch many
MAC must be that of default gateway
Information on routing is stored in hardware
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Slide 19
Topology-based Switching
Central FIB built by CEF
Per-destination load balancing
This is the current method
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Slide 20
What is SDM
Memory and Resources can be re-allocated
based on your needs
This is something you would see on the 3560 and
3750 Catalyst Switch.
You can choose how much memory to allocate
for different services.
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Slide 21
The New CDP
LLDP is an open-sourced version of the original
CPD protocol.
Allows for the discovery of non-cisco devices in the
network
IEEE 802.1AB
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Slide 22
Turning on LLDP
From the global configuration, you’d type lldp
run
Turning it off per interface is also allowed, from
the interface configuration, use no lldp enable.
Verifying it’s enabled, show lldp
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Slide 23
Supplying Device Power
POE adds the ability to add on network devices
without having an electrician.
Great when also backed up by UPS/Generators
Used for IP Phones, Access Points, and other
devices.
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Slide 24
What Power Options You Have
Power Adapters
Not on the UPS/Generator usually
More expense to buy an adapter
PoE Switch
Supports remote management
Easy installation
Power Injector
Again, much like a power adapter
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Slide 25
What can be Powered?
APs
IP Phones
Surveillance cameras
Can power a device up to 100m away
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Slide 26
PoE Standards
Cisco Inline Power (2000)
IEEE 802.3af standard (2003)
15.4W per port
IEEE 802.3at standard (2009)
Up to 25.5W per port, 50W or more if using 4 pairs of
wires
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Slide 27
PoE (eNotes)
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Slide 28
PoE Negotiation
IEEE Power Class Minimum power output Notes
0 15.4W Default Class
1 4W Optional class
2 7W Optional Class
3 15.4W Optional Class
4 51W Valid for 802.3at
devices, not for 802.3af
devices
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Slide 29
Configuring PoE
Each interface can have PoE enabled/disabled
with the command:
Power inline (auto|never)
Verify PoE with show power inline command
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Review Questions:
1. At which of the three hierarchical layers does an end system attach itself to your
network?
A. Core
B. Distribution
C. Collapsed Core
D. Access
2. The Distribution layer is used to forward data based on which of the following?
A. IP routing
B. MAC address table
C. ACLs
D. QoS
3. Which Distribution layer policy would help give preference to voice/video packets
at points where traffic aggregation occurs?
A. ACL
B. QoS
C. Routing policies
D. VACL
4. Which of the three hierarchical layers would be described as being focused on
high-speed forwarding of traffic, and would include redundancy and fast
convergence?
A. Core
B. Distribution
C. Access
D. None of the above
5. True or False: The Collapsed Core option is the combination of the Core and
Access layers.
A. True
B. False
6. Layer 2 switching only considers which of the following to make forwarding
decisions (assuming Ethernet for the protocol)?
A. MAC address found in the routing table
B. MAC address found in the TCAM table
C. MAC address found in the CAM table
D. MAC address of the switch interface
7. Which of the following switching tables would store information about ACLs
and/or QoS policies?
A. CAM
B. MAC
C. TCAM
D. Routing
8. A Multilayer switch can make forwarding decisions for which of the following
(assuming Ethernet)?
A. MAC
B. Circuit ID
C. Classification
D. IP address
E. A & B
F. B & C
G. A & D
9. True or False: When a frame is sent to a router for routing on the IP address, the
original Layer 2 portion of the frame will be re-written (while assuming Ethernet).
A. True
B. False
10. The routing protocol communications and routing table are created in which of
the following hardware architectures?
A. Data plane
B. Backbone fabric
C. Control plane
D. FIB
Answer Key:
1. D
Cisco defines the Access layer as the point of attachment to all end devices.
2. A
Even though we use the term Multilayer (or Distribution layer) switch, the
decisions on how to forward traffic is made on IP routing tables.
3. B
QoS is the policy that can help you in creating a policy to give different
preferences to certain types of traffic when it comes to forwarding.
4. A
The Core layer is defined as being your high-speed backbone.
5. B
False. The Collapsed Core is the combination of the Core and Distribution layers.
6. C
The association of the destination MAC address to port is found in the CAM
table, and it is this table that the L2 switch uses for forwarding traffic.
7. C
The TCAM table will store the policies that affect how a frame is going to be
filtered or forwarded with QoS.
8. G
Multilayer switches can forward based on MAC or IP, which would be either
Layer 2 or Layer 3. This is why it’s designated a Multilayer switch.
9. A
True. The Ethernet portion of the frame is re-written after a routing decision is
made, and the egress interface is determined.
10. C
The control plane handles the communication of the routing protocols, then after
collecting routing information from neighbors, calculates the routing table. This is
then sent into the data plane as a FIB.