SWITCH Pilot Training: ICLEI/WEDC

28th to 29th July 2010

By : Harrison Mutikanga

NWSC

Managing Water Supply and Demand in Entebbe

Presentation Outline

1. Introduction

2. Managing Water Supply

3. Managing Demand

4. Future Challenges

5. Conclusions

Introduction

• Located on a peninsular into Lake Victoria

• Total Area = 56.2 Km2 (20 Km2 is water )

• 55,086 people (2002 Census)

• Population growth rate is estimated to be 2.2%

ENTEBBE MUNICIPALITY

Water Management • NWSC is responsible for

water supply and sewerage services in Entebbe

• Estimated population in service area – 215,000 (2009) and about 70% is served

• Popn. growth rate for service area is about 5% and is projected to reach 289,000 in 2015.

Water Management • Source: Lake Victoria

• Treatment – Conventional (coagulation, filtration, disinfection)

• Daily Production is 10,700 m3/day

• Number of Service Connections is 16,000

• Sewerage is very limited to about 4%

Water Demand Management • Supply-Side Demand Management Leakage management by NWSC

• Demand-Side Management Metering – universal metering Pricing–Ushs 1,585 per m3 (Euro 0.6) for domestic

• Emphasis on water conservation and efficient use in Uganda is less compared to energy-demand management probably due to abundant water resources

• Enough water resources but lack of infrastructure to make use of it

Water Demand Management

• Sustainable Cities: meet the water needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

• Is Entebbe a sustainable city w.r.t water supply???

Water Demand Management

• House Conns.- 150 l/c/d• Yard Taps – 40 l/c/d• Stand pipe – 20 l/c/d

Source: Beller Consult GmbH, 2003

How does Entebbe Compare with?

• USA – 376-753 l/c/d

• England & Wales – 145 l/c/d

• Germany – 130 l/c/d

• There is potential for high income households to reduce further their demand by atleast 20 l/c/d

• With 14,216 HH of mean size 3.8 (2002 Census), and using 9% as high income, water savings of about 35 Ml/year would be realized, enough to serve about 5,000 poor people using stand pipes

Source: Thornton et al., 2008

Entebbe Needs New approaches• Paradigm shift - from the

unsustainable traditional supply-driven urban water management and embrace the new concepts of urban water demand management.

• WDM strategy has been restricted to a key focus areas which are essential for efficient management of water supply systems

Probable WDM Tools for Entebbe• Replacing old service lines and plumbing fixtures

• Use of more efficient shower heads &dual flush toilets

• Use of flow and pressure regulators on taps & showers

• Enhanced Rain water harvesting

• Gray water re-use

• Proactive leak detection and repair

Probable WDM Tools for Entebbe• Integrated Urban

Water Management (IUWM)

• Manage the interactions between the urban water cycle

• Reduce health impacts to the urban population and the environment when closing the water cycle.

Water Resources

Wastewater Treatment

Water intake

Water Treatment

Wastewater collection

Distribution

Water Use

Stormwater

Future Challenges & Pressures

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Future Challenges & Pressures

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• Dramatic reduction of water availability

• Kenya already falls below the water poverty line (< 1,000 m3

/person/year)

• Water scarcity is likely to hit Uganda by 2035 (896 m3

/person/year) – (WSPR, 2009)

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1955 1990 2025

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Tanzania

Kenya

Per Capita Annual Renewable Freshwater Availability in East Africa

Source: WRM,2005

Future Challenges & Pressures

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1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

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TSS (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l)

Heavily Heavily Polluted Raw Polluted Raw Water Source – Water Source – Gaba, Kla.Gaba, Kla.

Conclusion

There is need to identify a water conservation and demand strategy for Entebbe Municipality

There is need for research and development in potential water use saving facilities and appropriate technologies

Public awareness, education and training is required to improve the acceptance of innovative ways to augment water supply. SWITCH training packages & guidance docs are a good tool in this respect.

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Thank You

Questions Please !!!