switch training kit: pilot training, entebbe, 28-29 july 2010 water demand management in the city of...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010
Water Demand Management in the City of the Future
The concept of water demand management and the benefits this can bring
![Page 2: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Page 2
Demand Management
The development and implementation of strategies, policies, measures or other initiatives aimed at influencing demand, so as to achieve efficient and sustainable use of the scarce water resource
(Savenije and van der Zaag, 2002).
Any action that modifies the level and/or timing of demand for a particular resource
(White and Fane, 2001).
![Page 3: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The looming water scarcity (1) World population to raise from 6.7 billion in mid-2007
to > 9.2 billion by 2050 There are finite global water resources Increased pollution rates Growing demand due to
o Increased populationo Increased affluence and industrial activities
Impact of climate change:o e.g. 2° temp raise ~ shortage for 1-4 billion people in
developing countrieso Increase in hydrological extremes
Per capita water availability steadily decreasing
![Page 4: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Projected water & food scarcity in 2025
2b people (25%) will have absolute water scarcity
2.7b people (33%) will need to develop their water resources by 25%
Source: http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/home/wsmap.htm#A1
![Page 5: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The looming water scarcity (2)
By 2050, ~ 1/3 of pop in low-income countries will face severe shortage
Water scarcity more critical in urban areas, where >50% of global pop live (since 2007)
o 2000 – 2030, pop increase of 2.12 bn for urbano 95% of this increase in low-income countries
There is need for a paradigm shift in the way urban water services are managed, to prevent demand exceeding supply
![Page 6: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Integrated Resource Planning (IRP)
Planning to meet multiple objectives at optimum costs
Customers do not demand for a resource but for a service, i.e. end-uses, rather than water itself
IRP – a systematic & participatory planning process to evaluate least cost analyses of both demand-side & supply side options
IRP considers both supply and demand options For sustainable UWM, utility managers need to
adopt WDM, which has been neglected in the past
![Page 7: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
WDM within the IRP framework WDM is the promotion of policies & measures that
serve to control/restrict demand for, use or waste of water supply/other water services
WDM then become integrated vertically, at o Policy levelo Utility levelo Consumer level
…. horizontally, in terms of o Technological interventions o Economic interventions o Social/educational/legislative interventions
….and strategically, in terms of time projections
![Page 8: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
DM measures include those aimed ato Increasing system efficiency at utility level, e.g.
Reduction in systems losses
o Increasing end-use efficiency, e.g. Domestic water efficiency measures, Public education
o Promoting locally & unused available resources, e.g. Rainwater Harvesting, Greywater reuse
o Promoting substitution of resource use, e.g. Waterless toilets, Greywater reuse
o Using economic instruments to promote efficient use of water Flexible water tariffs
(adapted from White & Fane, 2001)
Demand Management
![Page 9: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Domestic Water Use
![Page 10: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse
![Page 11: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Demand management in Entebbe - 1
Which water demand management measures have been used in Entebbe?
o Increasing system efficiency at utility level, e.g. Reduction in systems losses
o Increasing end-use efficiency, e.g. Domestic water efficiency measures, Public education
o Promoting locally & unused available resources, e.g. Rainwater Harvesting, Greywater reuse
o Promoting substitution of resource use, e.g. Waterless toilets, Greywater reuse
o Using economic instruments to promote efficient use of water Flexible water tariffs
Page 12
![Page 13: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Demand management in Entebbe - 2
Which water demand management measures could be considered?
o Increasing system efficiency at utility level, e.g. Reduction in systems losses
o Increasing end-use efficiency, e.g. Domestic water efficiency measures, Public education
o Promoting locally & unused available resources, e.g. Rainwater Harvesting, Greywater reuse
o Promoting substitution of resource use, e.g. Waterless toilets, Greywater reuse
o Using economic instruments to promote efficient use of water Flexible water tariffs
Page 13
![Page 14: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Assessing Supply and Demand Options
![Page 15: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Economic benefits
Demand management measures o Save water consumed (volume in Ml)
Reducing the volumes treated and distributed Reducing the volumes of wastewater
o Save the cost of abstracting, treating and distributing the saved water
o Save the cost of collecting, treating and disposing of wastewater
o Delay / reduce capital expenditure required for enhancing water supply
o Reduced water loss improves the financial performance of the water service provider
![Page 16: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Environmental benefits
Reduced consumption of watero Saving limited water resources
Reduced wastewater flows Reduced damage from leakage flows Reduced consumption of energy
o Saving limited resources of fossil fuelso Reducing emissions of greenhouse gases,
and thereby mitigating climate change
![Page 17: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Social benefits Increased access to water supplies
o Reduced consumption by some users makes water available for others
o E.g. Transfer from high volume consumers to consumers with intermittent supplies
Improving hygiene and health Improving school attendance and performance Improving productivity and incomes
Increased social benefit from watero Transfer of water from uses with low social value to uses with
higher social valueo E.g. From leakage / waste to billed consumptiono e.g. From garden watering to bathing
![Page 18: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Who Benefits from WDM? Customers who receive improved water supplies
o New customerso Existing customers
Customers who reduce their consumption, who get lower bills
The water service provider, from reducing losses, thereby increasing billed water volume and revenue
Future generations, from reduced depletion of resources, reduced carbon emissions and reduced pollution
![Page 19: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
WDM in municipality / health premises Educational campaigns for behavioural change Consider ways to improve water efficiency and water
conservation Investigate leakages within properties Influence building by-laws for installation of water-
efficient devices in the new buildings Work with the Trade/Commerce bureaus of standards
to regulate for water-efficient devices Carry out public sensitisation on WDM, starting with
schools
![Page 20: SWITCH Training Kit: Pilot Training, Entebbe, 28-29 July 2010 Water Demand Management in the City of the Future The concept of water demand management](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052618/5517af7955034645368b5ef3/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Acknowledgements
Sam Kayaga, WEDC Stuart White and Andrea Turner, ISF