syllabus of discipline (module) · 1. purpose and objectives of the course purpose - formation of...

MINISTRY OF HEALTHCARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

State Government-Funded Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education

«NORTHERN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY»

of Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation

«APPROVED»

Dean of the International Faculty of

General Practitioner

A. V. Kudryavtsev, PhD

_____________________________

«____»_____________________20 г.

SYLLABUS OF DISCIPLINE (MODULE)

Discipline______________ Anatomy _____________________________

Field of training 31.05.01 «General medicine» .

Year of training ______1 - 2_______________________________________

Form of the interim attestation (pass/fail test, exam)____ exam __________

Department _________ Anatomy and Operative Surgery _____________

Course workload 360 (hours)/ 10 (credits)

Reviewed at the department meeting

Minutes №____

«___» ___________ 20__

Head of the department

assistant professor, Dr. med

Ulyanovskaya S.A.

Author and compiler:

Konovalova Svetlana Germanovna,

PhD in Biological sciences, associate professor, training Associate

Professor

Arkhangelsk, 2015

The structure of the educational complex discipline

I. Working - a training program

II. Thematic plan of lectures (Appendix №1)

Thematic plan of practical training (Appendix №1)

III. Methodological guidelines for teachers of the course (Appendix №2)

IV. Methodological guidelines for student of the course (Appendix №3)

V. Compillation of assesment tools of the course (Appendix №4)

1. Purpose and objectives of the course Purpose - formation of students' knowledge of human anatomy and topographic

anatomy of how the whole organism and individual organs and systems, based on

the latest achievements of macro and microscopy; Ability to use the knowledge

gained in the subsequent study of other basic and clinical disciplines, as well as in

the future professional activity of a doctor.

Objective:

studies structure, functions and the topography of the human body,

anatomical and topographical relationships of their X-ray image, the

individual features of the structure and age of the body, including prenatal

development (organogenesis), variants of variability individual organs and

defects of development ;

formation of students' knowledge of the interdependence and unity of the

structure and function of individual organs and body as a whole, the

relationship of the organism to changing environmental conditions, the

impact of environmental and genetic factors, the nature of work,

occupation, physical culture and social conditions for the development and

the structure of the body;

formation of students' comprehensive approach to the study of anatomy and

topography of the organs and systems; synthetic understanding of the

structure of the human body as a whole as the relationship of body parts;

ideas about the importance of fundamental research anatomical science to

applied and theoretical medicine;

formation of students' ability to navigate the complex structure of the

human body, accurately and precisely identify and define the location and

the projection of bodies and their parts on the surface of the body, ie,

possession "anatomical material" for understanding the pathology, diagnosis

and treatment;

education of students, guided by traditional principles of humanism and

mercy, respectful and careful attitude to the studied object - the human body

organs, the carcase; instilling high moral standards of behavior in the

sectional rooms of the medical school.

2. Location of the course within the educational program (EP)

Following the requirements of Federal State Education Standard (FSES) for

higher education in the field of 31.05.01 «General medicine». The discipline

"Anatomy" refers to the cycle of mathematical and natural sciences.

Basic knowledge necessary for studying the discipline form:

in the cycle of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines,

including: philosophy, bioethics, psychology and pedagogy, history of

medicine, latin language;

in the cycle of mathematical and natural-science disciplines,

including: physics, mathematics; chemistry; biology; histology,

embryology, cytology; normal physiology.

It is precede studying next disciplines: normal physiology; topographical

anatomy and operative surgery; pathological anatomy, clinical pathological

anatomy, clinical subjects.

3. List of planned learning outcomes of the discipline (module) in connection

to the planned outcomes at completion of the educational program

Codes of developed

competences Competences

Know Be able to (can) Master (be a master

in)

PC -№16 the ability and willingness to analyze the patterns of

functioning of individual organs and systems, to use the

knowledge of anatomical and physiological bases, the

basic techniques of clinical and immunological

examination and evaluation of the functional state of the

body of an adult and a teenager for the timely diagnosis of

diseases and pathological processes

anatomical

methods of

research and

anatomical

terms

(Russian and

Latin

proper use of

anatomical

instruments

(forceps, scalpel,

etc.)

basic technology of

transformation

information :

independent work

with educational

literature as on paper

and so electronic data

carriers, online

resources on human

anatomy

the main

stages of the

development

of anatomical

science and its

importance

for medicine

and biology;

find and display

on anatomic

preparations

bodies, parts,

parts of the

structure, the

right to call them

in Russian and

Latin

medical and

anatomical conceptual

apparatus

the main

directions of

the human

anatomy,

traditional and

modern

methods of

anatomical

studies

navigate in the

details of

topography and

structure of

organs on

anatomical

preparations;

correct

demonstrate

simple medical tools -

scalpel and tweezers.

organs and parts

thereof and the

call it on the

Russian and

Latin

bases

anatomical

terminology

in Russian

and Latin

equivalents

locate and

highlight the

method of

preparation of

the muscles and

fascia, large

vessels, nerves,

glands ducts,

individual organs

the general

laws of the

structure of

the human

body,

structural and

functional

relationship of

body parts

find and display

on X-ray organs

and the basic

details of their

structure

value of

fundamental

research

anatomical

science to

practical and

theoretical

medicine.

identify and

probe the body of

a living person

the basic bone

and muscle

benchmarks

applied

projection of the

main

neurovascular

bundles areas of

the human body;

the right to call

and demonstrate

movement in the

joints of the

human body

anatomical

and

topographical

relationships

of organs and

employment of

scientific

literature

parts of the

body of an

adult, children

and

adolescents

basic details

of the

structure and

topography of

their systems,

their basic

functions at

different ages

demonstrate on

the images

obtained by

different imaging

techniques (X-

rays, computer

and magnetic

resonance

tomography, etc.)

Bodies, parts and

details of the

structure

options for

the structure,

the main

anomalies and

malformations

of the organs

and systems

practical

significance

of the

knowledge of

the anatomy

of adult,

children and

adolescents

for further

training in the

future - for

the profession

4. Volume of the course and types of academic work:

Total workload of the course is __10___ credits.

Type of the academic work Total hours

Term

In-class learning (total) 216 1,2,3

Including:

Lectures (L) 72

Practicals (P) 144

Seminars (S)

Laboratory-based practicals (LBP)

Clinical practicals (CP)

Self-studies (total) 108 1,2,3

Examination 36 3

Total course workload (hours)

360 1,2,3

5. Course content: 5.1. Content of the course sections

No Name of the course section Content of the section

1 2 3

1. Introduction. Musculoskeletal

system.

Content of the object. The history of anatomy. History

of domestic anatomy. Human development. The general

structure of the human body. The concept of organs and

organ systems. The position of man in nature.

Anatomical Terminology. Osteology: the bones of the

axial skeleton, skeleton limbs, skull. Arthrology:

Connect the trunk bones and skull, limbs connection.

Myology: muscles and fascia of the trunk, chest,

abdomen, extremities, head and neck.

2. Splanhnologiya. Organs of the

immune system. Endocrine

glands.

Digestive system. Respiratory system. Urinary system.

Reproductive system. The general laws of the structure.

Primary and secondary immune organs. The lymph

nodes. The pituitary, pineal, thyroid, parathyroid,

adrenal gland, endocrine pancreas, and gonads.

3. Cardiovascular system Heart. The arteries of the pulmonary circulation. The

arteries of the systemic circulation: arterial trunk and

extremities. Vens. Lymphatic vessels, trunks and ducts.

Way lymph drainage.

4. Neurology The general structure. Central nervous system. Spinal

cord. The brain: telencephalon, cerebral hemisphere.

The brain stem. Diencephalon. Midbrain. Isthmus

hindbrain. The hindbrain. The bridge, cerebellum,

medulla oblongata, rhomboid fossa. Pathways of the

central nervous system. Skins spinal cord and brain. The

peripheral nervous system. Spinal nerves. Brachial,

lumbar and sacral plexus. The autonomic nervous

system: sympathetic and parasympathetic parts.

5. Esthesiology The eye, the ear, the organs of smell and taste. Skin.

6. Vessels of head and neck The arteries of the head and neck. Vena. Lymphatic

vessels and nodes of the head and neck.

7. Cranial nerves Cervical plexus. Cranial nerves. Sympathetic trunk

(neck part).

5.2. Course sections and types of studies

No Name of the course section L P S LBP CP Self-

studies

Total

hours

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1. Introduction. Musculoskeletal

system. 12 44 20 64

2. Splanhnologiya. Organs of the

immune system. Endocrine

glands.

18 18 20 34

3. Cardiovascular system 10 20 18 30

4. neurology 16 32 20 48

5. esthesiology 2 6 4 8

6. Vessels of head and neck 4 8 10 12

7. cranial nerves 6 16 16 20

6. Interactive forms of studies

No Name of the course section Interactive forms of studies Duration

(hours)

1. Introduction.

Musculoskeletal system.

Excursion 4

2. Splanhnologiya. Organs of

the immune system.

Endocrine glands.

Method of projects and a panel

discussion on "The endocrine and

immune systems," the use of educational

computer programs.

2

3. Cardiovascular system Round table "Heart circulation" 3

4. neurology Work in small groups "innervation of

the trunk and extremities"

2

5. esthesiology Computer training programs on "CNS" 4

6. Vessels and nerves of the

head and neck

Posts on the topic "The morphology of

the senses"

4

Total (hours) 16

Total (% of in-class learnind) 7,4%

7. Extracurricular self-studies of students

No Name of the course section Types of self-studies Forms of

control

Introduction.

Musculoskeletal system.

The study of the bones, joints and

muscles;Training programs in electronic

form

Oral

questioning,

testing

Splanhnologiya. Organs of

the immune system.

Endocrine glands.

Study preparates of internal organs;

Preparation of presentations on the

topics in this section;

Working with textbooks;

Training programs in electronic form

Oral

questioning,

testing

Cardiovascular system The study of heart and vessels on the

preparates;

Decision of situational problems self

Training schemes and drawings on the

themes;


Oral

questioning,

testing

neurology The study the preparates;


themes;

Filling the training tables;

Decision of situational problems self ;



themes;

Oral

questioning,

testing

esthesiology Working with textbooks; Filling the

training tables

Oral

questioning,

testing

Vessels and nerves of the

head and neck

The study preparates;

Working with textbooks;

Decision of situational problems self;


Oral

questioning,

testing

8. Forms of control

8.1. Current forms of control

- oral (an interview, a report, defense of a project)

- written (tests, term papers, essays, abstracts, checking of lecture notes,

solving of practical Objective, ).

A subject list of abstracts, reports, essays, tests, term papers, test collections

and cases are shown at the Appendix №4 to syllabus «Assessment tools».

8.2. Forms of interim attestation (pass/fail test, examination)

Stages of examination (pass/fail test)

1. Stage - __testing__________________________

(name of the stage)

2. Stage - ___Name and show__________________________

(name of the stage)

3. Stage - ___Interview stage- a ticket__________________________

(name of the stage)

Questions for a pass/fail test and examination are listed at the Appendix №4

to the syllabus «Assessment tools».

9. Maintenance of the course

9.1. Compulsory course literature

1.

Chaurasia's B. D. Human Anatomy. Regional and Applied. Dissection and

Clinical.Volume 2: учебное пособие/ B. D. Chaurasia's. -6 th ed.. -New

Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.

2. Abrahams P.H. McMinn's Colour Atlas of Human Anatomy/ P.H.

Abrahams, S.C. Marks Jr, R.T. Hutchings. -6th ed.. -Edinburgh; London;

New York: MOSBY, 2003. -378 p.: il

3. Prives M. . Human anatomy/ M. Prives, N. Lysenkov , V. BushkovichPrives

M. Vol. II : The science of the vessels. The science of the nervous system.

The science of the sensory organs./ пер. A. Aksenov. -Moscow: Mir

Publishers, 2004. -439,[1] p.: il.

4. Prives M. . Human anatomy/ M. Prives, N. Lysenkov , V. Bushkovich Vol.

1 : The weight-bearing and locomotor system. The science of the viscera.

The science of the organs of internal secretion. -2006. -608 p.

5. Prives M.. Anatomy/ M. Prives, N. Lysenkov, V. Bushkovich Vol. 2 : The

science of the vessels. The science of the nervous system. The science of the

sensory organs. -1985. -439 p.: il

6. Prives M.. Anatomy/ M. Prives, N. Lysenkov, V. Bushkovich Vol. 1 : The

weight-bearing and locomotive system. The science of the viscera. The

science of the organs of internal secretion. -1985. -608 p.: il

7. Prives. M.. Human anatomy/ M. Prives, N. Lysenkov, V. BushkovichPrives

M. Vol. I : The weight-bearing and locomotor system. The science of the

viscera. The science of the organs of internal secretion./ пер. A. Aksenov. -

Moscow: Mir Publishers, 2004. -608 p.: il.

8. Prives M. G. Human Anatomy/ M.G Priwes, N. K. Lysenkov, V. I.

Bushkovich Vol. 2 : The Science of the Vessels. The Science of the nervous

Systems. The Science of the Sensory Organs. -2006. -439 p: il.

9. Snell R. S. Clinical anatomy by regions [Text]: учебное пособие/ R. S.

Snell. -9th ed. -Б.м., 2012. - 754 p..-ISBN 978-81-8473-658-8.-ISBN 978-1-

60913-446-4, Б.ц

9.2. Supplementary course literature 1. Agur AMR, Dalley AF. Grant's Atlas of Anatomy, 12th ed. Baltimore:

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009. 2. Dean DX, Herbener TE. Cross-Sectional Human Anatomy. Baltimore:

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002. 3. Essential Clinical anatomy. Fourth edition/Keith L. Moore PhD, FIAC, FRSM,

FAAA; Anne M.R. Agur BSc(OT), MSc, PhD; Arthur F. Dalley I I PhD. 2011 4. Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology, 1998. 5. Hardy SGP, Nafrel JP. Viscerosensory pathways. In Haines DE (ed),

Fundamental Neuroscience, 2nd ed. New York:Churchill Livingstone, 2002. 6. Haines DE. Neuroanatomy: An Atlas of Structures, Sections, and Systems, 7th

ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2007. 7. Hutchins JB, Naftel JP, Ard MD. The cell biology of neurons and glia. In

Haines DE (ed), Fundamental Neuroscience,2nd ed. New York: Churchill

Livingstone, 2002. 8. Gray's Anatom, 40th Edition. The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice. By

Susan Standring, PhD, DSc, FKC/© 2008, Elsevier Limited. All rights

reserved. Fortieth edition published 2008 9. Keegan JJ, Garrett FD. The segmental distribution of the cutaneous nerves in

the limbs of man. Anat Rec 102:409,1948. 10. Lachman N, Acland RD, Rosse C. Anatomical evidence for the absence of a

morphologically distinct cranial root of theaccessory nerve in man. Clin Anat

15:4, 2002.

9.3. List of Internet resources required for mastering of the discipline

(module) 1. http://www.medicalstudent.com/ 2. http://www.anatomyatlases.org/atlasofanatomy/index.shtml 3. http://www.anatomyatlases.org/HumanAnatomy/CrossSectionAtlas.shtml 4. http://www.anatomyatlases.org/AnatomicVariants/AnatomyHP.shtml 5. http://www.bartleby.com/107/ 6. http://www.stritch.luc.edu/lumen/course_detail.cfm?crs_number=3074&checkref=

639D79CC857A6C76C2723B7E014FCCB0 7. http://reference.medscape.com/guide/anatomy 8. http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/index.htm 9. http://cosmos.phy.tufts.edu/~rwillson/dentgross/headneck/index2.htm 10. http://anatomy.med.umich.edu/ 11. http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/HISTHTML/NEURANAT/CNS016A.html 12. http://depts.washington.edu/msatlas/ 13. https://zygotebody.com/ 14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YZcBBeIhNvI 15. http://www.gfxtr.net/435/114749-the-best-dissection-for-medical-students.html

9.4 List of information technologies used in the educational process

within the discipline (module), including software and referral systems

1. Multimedia lectures throughout the course of discipline

2. Films

3. Internet resources

10. Required facilities and equipment

http://www.stritch.luc.edu/lumen/course_detail.cfm?crs_number=3074&checkref

The teaching laboratories, specialized class - rooms, museum are used. In the

educational process and especially during the period of independent work of

students widely used anatomical specimens of the Museum of Human Anatomy.

Audiovisual, technical and computer training aids:

1) film and video (the themes: the best dissection for medical students).

2) X-ray viewer, computer, multimedia projector.

3) multi-media lecture, atlases and manuals.

Visual aids:

1) anatomical preparates (for all sections of the discipline).

2) models (the themes: heart, fetal circulation, nervous system, muscles, sense

organs, digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive system, central nervous

system, blood vessels of the head and neck, ears, eyes, trigeminal nerve).

3) posters, table (for all sections of the discipline).

11. Student evaluation of the course content and quality of academic activities

Approximate evaluation form for the course «_______________» (anonymous)

You are kindly requested to fill in evaluation form on the completed course

«_____________». Summarized answers will be used for improving the course in

future. For each question put the appropriate mark on a scale from 1 to 10 grades

(circle out the grade you select). If necessary, enter your comments.

1. To what extent are you satisfied with the content of the course as a whole?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Commentary______________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

2. To what extent are you satisfied with the overall style of teaching?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Commentary_____________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

3. How do you assess the quality of preparation of the offered teaching

materials?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Commentary_____________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

4. To what extent are you satisfied with the used methods of active learning

(process modeling, cases, interactive lectures, etc.)?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Commentary______________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

5. What course section do you find the most useful and valuable for the

purposes of further studies and/or subsequent use in practice?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

6. What would you offer to change in methodology and contents of the

course in order to improve it?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

THANK YOU!

Author (authors):

Current position Last name, initials Signature

assistant professor Konovalova S.G.

Reviewer (reviewers):

Place of work Current position Last name, initials Signature

Appendix №1 to the syllabus

Thematic plan of lectures

Course – Anatomy

Field of training – 05.31.01 "«General medicine»

Semester – 1, 2 , 3

Year –1, 2

№

of Topic of lecture

Number

of hours

lecture

1. An introduction to human anatomy. Methods of

studying anatomy.

2

2. Basis of the structure of support - skeletal system. Bone

as an organ

2

3. Joints 2

4. Skull 2

5. Skull (continuation) 2

6. Muscle as an organ 2

7. Muscles of the head and neck. Topography. Fascia and

cellular spaces

2

8. Muscles of the chest and abdomen. Fascia. Features

topography

2

9. Introduction to splanchnology 2

10. Large glands of digestive tract 2

11. The abdominal cavity and peritoneum 2

12. The respiratory system 2

13. The endocrine system 2

14. The immune system 2

15. The urinary system 2

16. The reproductive system 2

17 The heart 2

18. The arteries and systemic blood circulation 2

19. The veins and veins anastomoses. Fetal circulation. 2

20. The lymphatic system. 2

21 The nervous system. 2

22. Spinal cord 2

23. Development of brain. Brain - the structure 2

24. The basal nucleus and limbic system 2

25. Diencephalon 2

26. The brain stem 2

27. The brain stem (continuation) 2

28. Pathways of the brain and spinal cord 2

29. Meninges. Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. 2

30. Venous outflow from the head and neck 2

31. Blood supply to the head and neck 2

32. Analyzers 2

33. General anatomy of the cranial nerves 2

34. Autonomic ganglia of the head and neck 2

TOTAL 68

Reviewed at the meeting of the department _____________________________

________________________________________________________________

"___"_____________ 20___

Minutes № __________

Head of the department ___ assistant professor, MD, Ulyanovskaya S.A _________

(First name, last name, patronymic name, signature)

Thematic plan of practicals

Course – Anatomy

Field of training – 05.31.01 "«General medicine»

Semester – 1, 2 , 3

Year –1, 2

№

of practical Topic of practical

Number

of

hours 1. Organization of the educational process at the department.

Anatomical Terminology. General and special anatomy

vertebra. Ribs, sternum, and the sacrum.

2

2. Joints of the trunk, spine and rib. Thoracic cage as a whole 2

3. The skeleton of the upper limb and shoulder girdle. The

humerus. Bones of the forearm: the ulna and the radius. The

2

bones of the hand.

4. The joints of the shoulder girdle. The Shoulder joint. The

elbow joint, articulations between the forearm bones. Joints of

the hand bone.

2

5. The skeleton of the lower limb. The pelvic girdle. The pelvis

as whole. The skeleton of the free lower limb: the femur, the

tibia and fibula. The Hip joint. The knee joint. Joints between

the leg bones. The bones of the foot.

2

6. Joint of the pelvic bones. Joints of the bone of the foot. 2

7. Osteosindesmology. Test class 2

8. Trunk muscles: chest muscles, the abdominal muscles.

Elements of topography. 3

9. The muscles of the upper limb: muscles of the shoulder girdle

and upper arm, forearm and hand. Elements of topography. 3

10. The muscles of the lower limb: muscles of the hip region,

thigh, leg and foot. Elements of topography 3

11. The muscles of the head and neck. Elements of topography 3

12. Test class 3

13. Cerebral skull bones: frontal bone, occipital bone, parietal

bone; sphenoid bone and ethmoid

3

14. Cerebral skull bones: temporal bone. 3

15. The bones of the visceral cranium: upper and lower jaw.

Small bones of the facial skeleton.

3

16. The skull as whole, temporo-mandibular joint. 3

17. Test class 3

18. The oral cavity and pharynx. The digestive tract 3

19. The liver and pancreas. 3

20. Peritoneum 3

21. Test class 3

22. The respiratory system. Mediastinum. 3

23. The urinary system. The reproductive system (male). 3

24. The reproductive system (female). Perineum. 3

25. The endocrine system. The immune system.. 3

26. Test class.. 3

27. The heart and pericardium. 3

28. Thoracic and abdomen aorta. Vessels of the pelvis. 3

29. The system of the superior and inferior cava veins. Venous

anastomoses. Lymphatic system.

3

30. Test class. 3

31. Vessels of the upper limbs. Venous and lymphatic drainage. 3

32. Vessels of the low limbs. Venous and lymphatic drainage. 3

33. Test class. 3

34. Spinal cord. Meninges. Thoracic nerves 3

35. The autonomic nervous system: the sympathetic and

parasympathetic divisions. Innervations of organs.

3

36. Brachial plexus. Innervations of the upper limb. Blood supply

of the upper limb (repetition)

3

37. Lumbo - sacral plexus. The innervations of the lower limb.

Blood supply of the lower limb (repetition)

3

38. Test class 3

39. Parts of the brain. Topography of the cranial nerves in the

brain base. Vessels of the base. Hemisphere of the brain.

Olfactory brain.

3

40. Corpus callosum, the fornix, anterior commissure.

Basal nuclei, the internal capsule. The lateral ventricles.

3

41. Diencephalon, III ventricle.

42. Midbrain. Isthmus of rhomboencephalon.

43. Hindbrain: the pons, the cerebellum, the structure and

communication.

Medulla oblongata, IV ventricle.

44. Rhomboid fossa. The topography of the nuclei of the cranial

nerves.

45. Topography of the white and gray matter of the brain and

spinal cord to the frontal and sagittal sections. Overview of

pathways.

46. Test class.

47. Blood supply of the head and neck: the common carotid,

external and internal carotid arteries.

48. Venous outflow and lymph drainage from the head and neck

Test class.

49. Organ of vision: the structure of the eyeball, the auxiliary

apparatus of the eye. Course of the visual analyzer.

50. Vestibular-cochlear organ: the outer, middle and inner ear.

Course of the auditory and vestibular analyzers.

51. I, III, IY, YI; pairs of cranial nerves.

52. Y pair - trigeminal nerve.

53. YII pair - the intermedio - facial nerve. The innervations of

the facial muscles.

54. X - X pairs of cranial nerves. Taste analyzer.

55. XI; XII pairs of cranial nerves.

56. Test class..

57. Cervical plexus and its branches. Innervations of the skin and

muscles of the neck.

58 Autonomic ganglia of the head and neck. Cervical

sympathetic trunk.

Parasympathetic ganglia of the head. The innervations of the

salivary glands.

59. Test class

TOTAL 144

Reviewed at the meeting of the department _____________________________

________________________________________________________________

"___"_____________ 20___

Minutes № __________

Head of the department _____ assistant professor, MD, Ulyanovskaya S.A_________

(First name, last name, patronymic name, signature)

Appendix № 2 to the syllabus





METHODOLOGICAL GUIDELINES FOR TEACHERS

OF THE COURSE

_____________ANATOMY_____________

20 15

Structure and contents of methodological guidelines for a teacher

1. Modern approaches to the course problematics

The discipline "Anatomy" refers to the cycle of mathematical and natural

sciences.

Basic knowledge necessary for studying the discipline form:

in the cycle of humanitarian and socio-economic disciplines, including:

philosophy, bioethics, psychology and pedagogy, history of medicine, the Latin

language;

in the cycle of mathematical and natural-science disciplines, including: physics,

mathematics; chemistry; biology; histology, embryology, cytology; normal

physiology.

It is prior to study subjects: normal physiology; topographical anatomy and operative

surgery; pathological anatomy, clinical pathological anatomy, clinical subjects.

2. Educational technologies

With the implementation of various types of educational work, are following

educational technology:

Information Technology (creation of interactive presentations, videos,

educational software);

Technology of the problem-based learning;

Technology of the development of critical thinking (using techniques

call stages, effective lecture, table, group work, techniques of

reflection, etc.);

Technologies of group interaction.

2.1. Active and interactive forms of teaching

During the training, the following forms are used:

1. Excursion

2. The method of projects and a panel discussion on the topic:

"The endocrine and the immune system"

Section disciplines “Splanhnology”.

3. The use of educational computer programs.

4. Round Table "Heart circulation"

5. Work in small groups "Innervation of the trunk and extremities"

6. Computer tutorials programs about "CNS"

7. Posts on the topic "The Morphology of the senses"

8. Work in small groups

9. Situation Objective on the topic "The Anatomy of the head and neck"

11. Creative Objective in the study of topics "Vessels of head and neck"

12. Creative Objective in the study of topics "Cranial nerves"

Using interactive forms of learning in practical classes allows

differentially assess the level of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of

students. It contributes to a significant reduction in the number of absences

on the practical training; It affects intellectual, emotional and volitional,

motivational and value-orientation sphere trainee, as well as its

communication activities; stimulates constant independent work of students,

helps to increase competitiveness in the study, enhance students' interest in

the studied material.

2.2. Organization and control of the self-studies of students

Independent work of students is organized for all subjects studied and sections

and includes 108 hours. Independent work at the Department of Anatomy and

Operative Surgery is held in the form of:

self-study on the biological preparates,

use of computer training programs in the computer class,

work on the websites on the anatomy,

preparation of multimedia presentations on the topics in this section,

preparation of messages and reports

work with teaching materials developed by employees of the department and

interdepartmental manuals,

preparation supporting training schemes and figures on topics

filling training tables

execution of written and oral assignments

decision of situational problems,

preparation of tables and posters of the studied topics .

Control of students' independent work includes:

correlation of content control with learning Objective;

objectivity of control;

validity control (matching job requirements to what is supposed to check);

differentiation test materials.

Forms of control of independent work To view and test the implementation of independent work by the teacher.

Organization of self, mutual testing performed in a group setting.

Discussion of the results of work done in class.

Carrying out a written survey.

Conducting oral questioning.

Organizing and conducting individual interviews.

Organization and conducting interviews with the band.

Seminars

Test topic sections.

3. Principles and criteria of assessment of learning outcomes

1. level of mastering of educational material;

2. level of ability to use theoretical knowledge in carrying out practical Objective;

3. level of formation of general learning skills;

4. level skills are actively using electronic educational resources, to find the required

information, study it and apply in practice;

5. level of reasonableness and clarity presentation of the material;

6. level of the ability to navigate the flood of information, allocate important ;

7. level of the ability to articulate the problem, suggest a solution, it is critical to evaluate

the decision and its consequences;

8. level of ability to identify, analyze alternative possibilities, options for action;

9. level of the ability to formulate its own position, assess and substantiate it.

The current control of knowledge carried out by teachers during each

practical class. In carrying out test control the criterion for a positive assessment of

fulfillment of students is not less than 70% of Objective.

Border control knowledge and practical skills is conducted after the study

section discipline in two stages. Verification of theoretical knowledge is held in the

form of a control test on paper and in the form of computer tests and is assessed on

a 5-point scale, positive evaluation criterion is the fulfillment of more than 70% of

the Objective. Verification practical skills as measured on a 5-point scale.

Final control of knowledge and practical skills provided in the form of a

course exam, which consists of 3 phases. The first stage - test control. The second

stage - practical test "Name the - and show the -", evaluation criterion - more than

50% of correct answers. Third stage - an interview by the tickets.






METHODOLOGICAL GUIDELINES FOR STUDENTS

OF THE COURSE

____________ANATOMY_______________

20 15

Structure and contents of methodological guidelines for students

Lesson № 1

1.Theme of employment, its goals and objective

Employment: Organization of educational process at the department. The

bones of the body (the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, pelvic bones ).

Goals: To familiarize students with the subject of "Human Anatomy", the

organization of work at the department, the main Latin anatomical terminology.

Study the axes and the plane carried through the body, structure and classification of

bones, the overall building plan vertebra to use data in the study of knowledge in the

future other sections of anatomy and clinical disciplines.

Study the features of the structure of the vertebrae (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral,

coccygeal) and the vertebral column as a whole for the use of this knowledge in the

study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines.

Study the structure of the sternum, ribs, pelvic bones to use these knowledge in

the study of other branches of the human anatomy and clinical disciplines.

Objective:

The student should know:

1. The general anatomical terms the area and parts of the human body;

2. Axes and planes and which carried through the human body;

3. Vertical lines, carried on the surface of the human body;

4. The general patterns of the development of bone, types of ossification;

5. The general plan of the bone structure;

6. Classification of bones;

7. The general plan of the structure of the vertebrae.

8. Parts of the vertebral column;

9. The structure of the vertebrae of various departments of the spine;

10. The structure of the spine generally and curves (kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis) ;

11. The classification of the ribs, features of their structure;

12. The structure of the sternum;

13. The structure of the thorax as a whole, its constitutional features;

Be able:

1. Call and show parts of the skeleton, parts of the vertebral column;

2. Correctly pronounce anatomical terms in English and in Latin;

3. Put in correct anatomical position of the vertebra;

4. Distinguish between certain types of vertebrae;

5. Correctly to call and to show on the preparates, details of the structure of various

parts of the vertebrae of the spine;

6. Correctly to interconnect vertebrae;

7. Correctly call and show the curves of the vertebral column;

8. Define parts of the vertebral column, vertebrae and their individual parts on the

radiographs.

9. To find their separate types in a set of ribs, to define parts and belonging to the right

or left half of a thorax

10. Properly orient the sternum, show and call its part;

11. Correctly to determine the form of the chest.

2. Basic concepts that must be learned by students in the course of the

study subjects

1. The axes and planes, lines

2. Areas of the body

3. Classification of bones

4. Parts of the skeleton

5. The concept of the structure of the vertebrae

6. The physiological curves of the vertebral column

7. True and false ribs

3. Questions for the class

1. The axes of the plane and carried through the human body.

2. The basic vertical lines carried on the body surface human.

3. The main areas of the body.

4. The structure and chemical composition of bones.

5. Bone as an organ.

6. Classification of bones.

7. Parts of the skeleton. What is the axial skeleton?

8. The vertebral column, its departments.

9. The general plan of the vertebral structure.

10. The general plan of the structure of the sacrum.

11. The physiological curves of the vertebral column, the timing of their formation

12. Classification of the ribs

13. The structure of a typical rib.

14. Parts of the sternum, its structure and position in the skeleton.

15. The thoracic cage as a whole.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Axis, plane and line.

2. Features of the structure of the cervical vertebrae.

3. The structure of I cervical vertebra.

4. Structure II cervical vertebra.

5. The structure of the thoracic vertebrae.

6. The features of the structure of the lumbar vertebrae.

7. The structure of the sacrum.

8. The coccyx, its structure.

9. The vertebral column as a whole. Departments, physiological curves, the timing of

their formation. Possible movement.

10. Protruding part of the vertebrae, which can be palpated on a living person..

11. The structure of the sternum.

12. The structure of the ribs.

13. The difference in structure I, XI, XII ribs.

14. Classification of ribs.

15. The structure of the thoracic cage.

5. Compulsory and supplementary course literature:

1.Chaurasia's B. D. Human Anatomy. Regional and Applied. Dissection

and Clinical.Volume 2: учебное пособие/ B. D. Chaurasia's. -6 th ed.. -New

Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.

2.Prives M. . Human anatomy/ M. Prives, N. Lysenkov , V.

BushkovichPrives M. Vol. II : The science of the vessels. The science of the

nervous system. The science of the sensory organs./ пер. A. Aksenov. -

Moscow: Mir Publishers, 2004. -439,[1] p.: il.

3. Prives M. Human anatomy/ M. Prives, N. Lysenkov , V. Bushkovich Vol.

1 : The weight-bearing and locomotor system. The science of the viscera. The

science of the organs of internal secretion. -2006. -608 p

4. Prives. M. Human anatomy/ M. Prives, N. Lysenkov, V.

BushkovichPrives M. Vol. I : The weight-bearing and locomotor system. The

science of the viscera. The science of the organs of internal secretion./ пер. A.

Aksenov. -Moscow: Mir Publishers, 2004. -608 p.: il.




6. Material of lectures on anatomy.

7. Agur AMR, Dalley AF. Grant's Atlas of Anatomy, 12th ed.

Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009.

8. Essential Clinical anatomy. Fourth edition/Keith L. Moore PhD,

FIAC, FRSM, FAAA; Anne M.R. Agur BSc(OT), MSc, PhD; Arthur F. Dalley

I I PhD. 2011

9. Haines DE. Neuroanatomy: An Atlas of Structures, Sections, and

Systems, 7th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2007.

10. Gray's Anatom, 40th Edition. The Anatomical Basis of Clinical

Practice. By Susan Standring, PhD, DSc, FKC/© 2008, Elsevier Limited. All

rights reserved. Fortieth edition published 2008

6. A list of questions and Objective for independent work

Sections and topics for the self-

studying

Types and contents of the self-studies

1. The main areas of the body. 1. Examine the educational materials on the

subject

2. The structure and chemical

composition of bones.

2. To learn the Latin names of body parts,

organs and systems

3. Bone as an organ. 3. Find the need for education in the atlas

4. Classification of bones. 4. take notes in a workbook New Latin names

5. Parts of the skeleton. The axial

skeleton.

5. Draw the necessary circuits for the study of

the topic

6. The physiological curves of the

spine, the timing of their formation

6. Work with the tests and questions for self-

examination

7. X-ray anatomy of the vertebral

column

Lesson № 2


Employment: Connection of bones of the body.

Goals: To study the types of connections of bones, classification and general

plan of the structure of the joints, the structure of the atlanto - occipital, the connection

of the vertebrae and ribs compounds for further study myology, traumatology,

orthopedics and other clinical disciplines.

Objective:

The student should know: 1. Classification joints bones;

2. General plan of the joint structure;

3. Primary and secondary elements of the joint;

4. Types of connections between the vertebrae;

5. Anatomical and functional characteristics of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial

joints;

6. Compounds especially the ribs to the sternum, spine and between themselves;

To be able to:

1. Find and display on the main elements of the preparations joints between the

vertebrae, I cervical vertebra and the occipital bone, joints ribs with the vertebrae,

sternum and between themselves;

2. Show on preparations kinds of movements in the studied compounds;

3. Dissect studied compounds bones.

2. Basic concepts that should are assimilable by students in the course of

studying the topic

1. Classification of bone joints

2. Basic and additional elements of joints

3. The Biomechanics of the joints

3. Questions for the class 1. Classification of the joints .

2. Continuous joints: classification, examples.

3. Characteristics of the symphysis, examples.

4. The main elements of education joints.

5. Supporting the formation of joints, examples.

6. Biomechanical classification of joints.

7. Characteristics of simple, complex, combined and complex joints.

8. Classification of the joints in the form of the articular surfaces. uniaxial joints, the

axis of movements, examples.

9. Two- and three-axle joints, the axis movements, examples.

10. Types of intervertebral joints. The connections of the vertebral bodies.

11. Connections of the processes of the vertebrae.

12. Atlanto - occipital joint.

13. Characteristics of the joints of the atlas with the axial vertebra.

14. The vertebral column, its departments, curves and functions.

15. The joint of the head of the ribs.

16. Costal-transverse joint.

17. The joint of ribs to the sternum. Features of connections the I rib with the

sternum.

18. Features of connections cartilages of VIII, IX, X ribs

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Classification of bone joints

2. The structure of the joint

3. Joints of the body

4. Compounds of the spinal column

5. Compounds chest

6. Sternocostal joints

7. Costovertebral joints

5. Compulsory and supplementary course literature



Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studying


1. The spinal column, its

departments, curves and functions.

1. Examine the educational materials on the

subject

2. The structure thoracic cage as a

whole , sex and individual

characteristics of the thoracic cage


organs and systems

3. Find the need for education in the atlas

4. Take notes in a workbook New Latin names


the topic


examination

Lesson № 3


Employment: The bones of the shoulder girdle and upper limb free

Goals: To study the structure of clavicle, scapula and humerus, the structure of

the bones of the forearm and hand for the use of this knowledge in the study of other

branches of the human anatomy and clinical disciplines.

Objective:


1. Parts of the skeleton of the upper limb;

2. The structure bones of the shoulder girdle;

3. The structure of the humerus.

4. The structure of the radius and ulna;

5. Departments and structure bones of the hands

To be able to:

1. Called and show the individual bones of the shoulder girdle, correct orientation

them in space;

2. Show the details of the bone structure of the shoulder girdle;

3. Put in the correct anatomical position of the humerus, showing its parts and details

of the structure.

4. Put the radial, the ulnar bone and the bone of the hand in the correct anatomical

position, to determine the bones of the right and left limbs;

5. Show the details of the bone structure of the forearm and hand;

2. Basic concepts that should is assimilable by students in the course of

studying the topic

1. The concept of the epiphysis, diaphysis, metaphysis

2. The classification of bones


1. The bones of the skeleton of the upper limb.

2. The structure of the clavicle.

3. The scapula, the overall plan of, correct anatomic position.

4. parts of the skeleton of free upper limb.

5. The situation in the skeleton of the humerus, the correct anatomical position.

6. The parts of the skeleton the structure of the upper limb.

7. Anatomical and topographical features of the forearm bones.

8. Departments of the hand.

9. The structure of the metacarpal bones and phalanges.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The bones of the shoulder girdle

2. The front and rear surface of the blade.

3. Bones of free upper limb

4. The structure of the proximal epiphysis of the humerus.

5. The structure of the humerus.

6. The structure of the distal epiphysis of the humerus.

7. The structure of the radius.

8. The structure of the ulna.

9. The bones of the wrist, their structure and relative positions.

10. Features of the structure of the bones of the upper limb.

5. Compulsory and supplementary course literature 1.Chaurasia's B. D. Human Anatomy. Regional and Applied. Dissection


Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studying


1. Points of ossification of the skeleton

of the upper limb

1. Examine the educational materials on the

subject


organs and systems

3. Find the need for education in the atlas

4. Take notes in a workbook New Latin names


the topic


examination

Lesson number 4


Employment: Joints of the shoulder girdle and free upper limb bones.

. Goals: To study the types of joints shoulder girdle and joints between the

bones of the free upper limb, for further study myology, traumatology, orthopedics

and other clinical disciplines.

Objective:


1. Anatomical and functional characteristics of the compound bone girdle;

2. The anatomical and functional characteristics of the shoulder and elbow joints;

3. Anatomical and functional characteristics of the compounds of the forearm bones;

4. The structure and functional features of the wrist, hand joints;

To be able to:

1. Find and display on the main elements of preparations sternoclavicular joints,

clavicular-acromion, shoulder, elbow joints, joints bones forearm and hand;

2. Sow on preparations kinds of movements in the studied compounds;

3. Dissect the compounds studied bones.


studying the topic

1. The general plan of the joint structure

2. Classification of bone joints

3. Main and auxiliaries components of the joint.

3. Questions for the class 1. Sternoclavicular joint, its characteristics, ligaments, types of movements.

2. Acromioclavicular joint, its characteristics, ligaments, types of movements.

3. Proper ligaments of the scapula.

4. The joints between the bones of the forearm.

5. The distal radioulnar joint, its characteristics, ligaments, types of movements.

6. Structure mezhpyastnyh and carpometacarpal joints.

7. The structure of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

8. Metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints, their characteristics, ligaments,

types of movements.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment

1. Joints of the shoulder girdle

2. Joints of free upper limb

3. The shoulder joint, it characteristics, types of movements.

4. The joints that form the elbow joint. Its characteristic.

5. Elbow joint: the capsule, ligaments, types of movements.

6. The wrist joint, their characteristics, ligaments, types of movements.

7. Mediocarpal joint their characteristics, ligaments, types of movements.

8. Joints of the hand

5. Compulsory and supplementary literature on the subject 1.Chaurasia's B. D. Human Anatomy. Regional and Applied. Dissection and

Clinical.Volume 2: учебное пособие/ B. D. Chaurasia's. -6 th ed.. -New Delhi,

2013. - 463 с.



nervous system. The science of the sensory organs./ пер. A. Aksenov. -Moscow:

Mir Publishers, 2004. -439,[1] p.: il.












7. Agur AMR, Dalley AF. Grant's Atlas of Anatomy, 12th ed. Baltimore:

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009.

8. Essential Clinical anatomy. Fourth edition/Keith L. Moore PhD, FIAC,

FRSM, FAAA; Anne M.R. Agur BSc(OT), MSc, PhD; Arthur F. Dalley I I PhD.

2011



10. Gray's Anatom, 40th Edition. The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice.

By Susan Standring, PhD, DSc, FKC/© 2008, Elsevier Limited. All rights

reserved. Fortieth edition published 2008


Sections and topics for the self-studying Types and contents of the self-

studies

1. Structure intercarpal and

carpometacarpal joints.

1. Examine the educational materials

on the subject

2. The structure of the carpometacarpal

joint of the thumb.

2. To learn the Latin names of body

parts, organs and systems

3. metacarpophalangeal and

interphalangeal joints, their characteristics,

ligaments, kinds movements.

3. Find the need for education in the

atlas

4. Take notes in a workbook New Latin

names

5. Draw the necessary circuits for the

study of the topic

6. Work with the tests and questions for

self-examination

Lesson number 5


Employment: Hip bones, femur and bones of the leg.

Goals: To examine the general scheme of the structure of the skeleton of the

lower limb, bone structure of the pelvis, the femur, the structure and the position of

the bones in the skeleton of the leg and foot bones, the principles of X-ray images for

later use this knowledge in the study of other branches of the human anatomy and

clinical disciplines.

Objective:


1. Parts of the skeleton of the lower limb;

2. The structure of the pelvic bone

3. The structure of the femur.

4. The structure of the tibia;

5. The structure of the fibula;

6. Department of the foot, foot bone structure of the individual;

7. Bones trunk and limbs and parts of buildings;

To be able to:

1. Put the pelvic and femoral bones in the correct anatomical position, to determine

the bones of the right and left limbs;

2 Shows the basic details of the structure of the pelvic and femur;

3. To find and display on X-rays studied the bones and the details of their structure.

4 Shows a part of the skeleton of the lower limb free;

5. Determine the position of the leg and foot bones in the skeleton;

6. The correct to show anatomical structures of the leg and foot bones;

7. Call and show the bones of the body and limbs, and the details of their structure.


studying the topic 1. Classification of bones

2. The general scheme of the structure of the bones


1. Parts of the skeleton of the lower limb.

2. The structure of the pelvic bone.

3. The situation in the skeleton of the femur.

4. The structure of the patella.

5. X-ray anatomy of the bones.

6. Departments of bones of the lower extremity. The bones that make up each of the

departments.

7. Leg bones, their correct anatomical position.

8. The part of the foot. What bones relate to each part of the foot?

9. The general plan of the building metatarsals and phalanges of the foot.


1. Skeleton of the lower extremity

2. Features of the structure of the bones of the lower limb free.

3. The structure of the pelvic bone.

4. The structure of the proximal epiphysis of the femur.

5. The structure of the body of the femur.

6. The structure of the distal femoral epiphysis.

7. The general plan of the structure of the tibia; the structure of the proximal

epiphysis.

8. The structure of the tibia.

9. The structure of distal epiphysis of the tibia.

10. The fibula, its structure and the correct anatomical position.

11. The structure of the talus.

12. The structure of the calcaneus.

13. The structure of the cuboid, navicular and cuneiform bones of the tarsus.

5. Compulsory and supplementary literature on the subject

1.Chaurasia's B. D. Human Anatomy. Regional and Applied. Dissection and


2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. X-ray anatomy of the bones. 1. Examine the educational materials

on the subject

2. Points ossification. 2. To learn the Latin names of body

parts, organs and systems 3. Find the need for education in the

atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 6


Employment: Joints of the pelvic girdle. Pelvis whole. Hip and knee joints.

Joints of the leg and foot.

Goals: To study the kinds joints of the pelvis, hip, pelvis in general,

compounds of bone leg and foot to apply the knowledge gained in the study of other

sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines, in particular traumatology,

orthopedics, obstetrics

Objective: The student should know:

1. Main elements of the iliosacral, hip and knee joints: articular surfaces, the

attachment of the capsule, ligaments, types of movements;

2. Structure of the pubic symphysis;

3. Educated of the walls and openings of large and small pelvis;

4. Sex and age characteristics of the pelvis;

5. Main dimensions of the female pelvis.

6. Structure of the ankle;

7. Structure and functional properties of the joints of the foot;

8. Especially X-ray images of joints;

9. Classification of compounds bones;

10. Structure of the individual compounds bones;

To be able to: 1. Call and show elements on the preparates of the compounds of the pelvis, thigh,

knee joint;

2. Show the types of movements on the studied joints;

3. Distinguish between male and female pelvis;

4. To dissect the studied joints.

5. Structure of the joints between the bones of the lower leg;

6. call and show elements on separate preparations of joints of the leg and foot bones;

7. Show movement in the studied compounds;

8. Read the x-ray images in different projections, to distinguish them separate

elements;


studying the topic 1. Large and small pelvis

2. Pubic symphysis

3. The size of the pelvis

3. Questions for the class 1. The connections between the bones of the pelvis.

2. Sacroiliac joint, its characteristics, ligaments, kinds movements.

3. Features of the pubic joint.

4. The structure of forming large and small sciatic foramen.

5. The boundary between large and small pelvis. The walls of the large pelvis.

6. The external dimensions of a large basin.

7. The walls of the pelvis.

8. The size of a small basin.

9. Sex differences in the structure of the pelvis.

10. Metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joint.

11. The foot as a whole. The main anchor points of the foot. The arches of the foot.


1. The connections between the bones of the pelvis.

2. Sacroiliac joint, its characteristics, ligaments, types of movements.

3. Features of the pubic joint.

4. The structure of forming large and small sciatic foramen.

5. The hip joint, their characteristics, ligaments, types of movement in the joint.

6. Intra- and extra-articular ligaments of the hip joint.

7. The knee joint - the articular surface, auxiliary education, place of attachment of

the joint capsule.

8. Ligament and synovial bursa.

9. Types of connections between the bones of the lower leg.

10. The connections between the tibia and fibula, their characteristics, ligaments,

types of movements.

11. Ankle joint, their characteristics, ligaments, types of movements.

12. The joints of the tarsal bones.

13. Chopart`s joint, its characteristics, ligaments, types of movements, practical

value.

14. Tarsometatarsal joints.

15. Lisfranc`s joint, its characteristics, ligaments, types of movements, practical

value.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Sexual dimorphism of the pelvis 1. Examine the educational materials

on the subject

2. The foot as a whole. The main anchor

points of the foot. The arches of the foot.


parts, organs and systems 3. Find the need for education in the

atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 7


Test class for osteosindesmology.

Goals: To generalize and consolidate their knowledge of osteosindesmology.

Objective:


1. The characteristics of X-ray images of the joints;

2. Classification of connections of bones;

3. The structure of the individual compounds bones;

To be able to: 1. Demonstrate movement in the studied compounds;

2. Read the x-ray images in different projections, to distinguish them separate

elements;

3. Call and show the elements on the preparations of the compounds bones trunk and

extremities;

4. To dissected the joints.

2. Basic concepts that should is assimilable by students in the course

of studying the topic 1. Basic and additional elements of the joints

2. Fundamentals of biomechanics of joints

3. Classification of joints

3. Questions for the class Are presented in the respective sections.

4. Questions for self-control

Questions to lesson reporting are given in the relevant sections of topics.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011






Lesson number 8

1. Theme of employment, its goals and objective

Employment: The muscles of the back. Diaphragm.

Goals: To study the structure of muscles, fascia and topographical formations

of the back and of the diaphragm, to explore other sections of anatomy and surgery,

therapy and other clinical disciplines.

Objective:


1. The development of muscles;

2. The classification of the muscles;

3. Place of origin, attachment and function of the back muscles

4. Fascia of the back;

5. Topographical formation of the back;

6. The structure of the diaphragm;

To be able to: 1. To find, call and show on preparations and back muscles ,;

2. Call and show on the skeleton the points of origin and attachment of muscles of

the back;

3. To call and show the fascia of the back;

4. Call and show on the preparates the diaphragm and its parts;


studying the topic 1. Classification of muscles

2. The structure of the Muscle

3. The muscle as an organ

4. The work the muscles

5. Biomechanics of the muscle

3. Questions for the class 1. The classification of the back muscles.

2. The boundaries of auscultatory triangle. Its practical significance.

3. Suboccipital muscles, their beginning, the attachment function.

4. Fascia back, their passways, the attachment points.

5. The diaphragm part.

6. Tendineal center of the diaphragm, its holes.

7. Weak spots of the diaphragm, their practical significance.


1. The classification of the back muscles.

2. The first layer of the surface of the back muscles, their origin, the attachment and

function.

3. The second layer of the surface of the back muscles, their origin, the attachment

and function.

4. The posterior supperior and inferior serratus muscle - place of origin, attachment

and function

5. Classification of the deep muscles of the back. Its origin, the attachment and

function.

6. Auscultatoric triangle.

7. The diaphragm parts.

8. Weak spots diaphragm, their practical significance.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Biomechanics of muscles 1. Examine the educational materials

on the subject

2. Work the muscles 2. To learn the Latin names of body


3. Types of leverage 3. Find the need for education in the

atlas

4. The muscle as an organ 4. Take notes in a workbook New Latin

names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 9


Employment: The muscles of the chest and abdomen.


of the chest, abdomen, to explore other sections of anatomy and surgery, therapy and

other clinical disciplines.

Objective:


1. The development of muscles;

2. The classification of the muscles;

3. Place of origin, attachment and function of muscles of the chest;

4. Fascia of the chest;

5. Topographical formation of the chest;

6. Classification of the abdominal muscles;

7. Place of origin, attachment and function of the abdominal muscles;

8. The structure and the formation of the white line of the abdomen and the rectus

sheath;

9. The structure and contents of the inguinal canal;

To be able to: 1. Call and show on preparations muscles of the chest and abdomen;

2. Call and show the fascia chest

3. To find and show a white line of the abdomen, inguinal ligament and wall of the

sheath rectus;

4. To show on preparates wall opening and the contents of the inguinal canal;


studying the topic 1. Classification of muscles

2. The structure of the Muscle

3. The muscle as an organ

4. The work the muscles

5. The levers

3. Questions for the class 1. Classification of the chest muscles.

2. Fascia chest, their passways, the attachment points.

3. Triangles of the chest.

4. Classification of the abdominal muscles.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Classification of muscles of the chest and abdomen.

2. Triangles of the chest.

3. Name the chest muscles, their function. The major and minor pectoral muscles - a

place of origin, attachment feature.

4. The serratus anterior muscle and the subclavian - a place of origin, attachment

feature.

5. Autochthonous muscles of the chest, the place of origin, attachment feature.

6. Abdominal muscles, their function.

7. Rectus sheath above and below the arcuate line.

8. Weak areas anterior abdominal wall.

9. Inguinal canal, its walls, the contents of the inguinal canal.

10. Muscles of the lateral abdominal wall, its origin, the attachment function.

11. The muscles of the abdominal wall, the early stages of the attachment, function.

12. The muscles of the back wall of the abdomen, the origin, the attachment and

function.

13. The fascia of the abdomen, and their passways and place of attachment.

14. The white line of the abdomen and its practical significance.

15. Rectus sheath above and below the arcuate line.

16. Inguinal canal, its walls, the contents of the inguinal canal.

17. Deep inguinal ring, topography, walls.

18. The superficial inguinal ring, topography, walls




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Biomechanics of muscles 1. Examine the educational materials

on the subject

2. Work the muscles 2. To learn the Latin names of body


3. Types of leverage 3. Find the need for education in the

atlas

4. The muscle as an organ 4. Take notes in a workbook New Latin

names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 10


Employment: The muscles and fascia of the shoulder and the upper limb.

Topography.

Goals: To study the structure of muscles, fascia, synovial sheaths and

topographical formations shoulder and upper arm, forearm, hand, to explore other

sections of anatomy, surgery, traumatology.

Objective:


1. The classification of the muscles of the shoulder and upper arm;

2. The place of origin, attachment and function of muscles shoulder and upper arm;

3. topographical formation region shoulder and upper arm, and their value;

4. The classification of the muscles of the forearm and hand;

5. The origin, attachment, muscle function forearm and hand;

6. Topographic education on the forearm and hand;

7. The fascia forearm and hand;

To be able to: 1. Call and show on preparations and the muscle fascia shoulder and upper arm;

2. To show on preparates topographical formation of the shoulder and upper arm, and

their boundaries;

3. To dissect the muscles of the shoulder and upper arm.

4. Call and show on the preparations and show some muscles of the forearm and

hand;

5. Call and show the fascia, bone and fibrous and synovial sheath of muscles of the

forearm and hand;

6. To dissect the muscles of the forearm, wrist.


of studying the topic 1. Classification of upper limb muscles.

2. "Anatomical snuffbox"

3. Questions for the class 1. Classification of upper limb muscles.

2. Muscle of the shoulder girdle, its function.

3. The muscles of the shoulder, forearm and hand.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Classification of upper limb muscles.

2. Borders and walls of the axillary fossa and axillary cavity.

3. The boundaries and the content of the tree- and qudrilaterum foramens.

4. Triangles of the breast, their contents.

5. The walls, inlet and outlet channels of the radial nerve.

6. The boundaries of grooves in the shoulder area and their contents.

7. Cubital fossa, border, furrow their education.

8. Education and the contents of the carpal cannal.

9. The synovial sheath palmar surface of the hand.

10. Extensor retinaculum. Osteo-fibrous sheath dorsum of the hand.

11. The synovial sheath dorsum of the hand.

12. Muscles of the upper limb, girdle, shoulder, forearm and hand, and their

functions.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The synovial sheath palmar surface of

the hand.


on the subject

2. The extensor retinaculum. Osteo-fibrous

sheath dorsum of the hand.



3. The synovial sheath dorsum of the hand. 3. Find the need for education in the

atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 11


Employment: The muscles and fascia of the lower limb. Topography.


of the lower limb to explore other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines

such as surgery, travmatologtya, Angiology.

Objective:


1.Classification of the muscles of the pelvis and thigh;

2. The origin, attachment, function of muscles of the pelvis and thigh;

3. The fascia pelvis and hip;

4. Anatomical and topographical formation of the pelvis and thigh;

5. Classification of leg and foot muscles;

6. The origin, attachment, function, leg and foot muscles;

7. The fascia and the topography of the leg and foot muscles;

To be able to: 1. Call and show on preparates to separate the muscles of the pelvis and thigh;

2. Call and show on preparates anatomical and topographical formation of the pelvis

and thigh;

3 To dissect the muscles of the pelvis and thigh.

4. Call and show preparations specific muscles of the leg and foot ;

5. Show on preparates topographical formation of the leg and foot;


studying the topic 1. Classification of the muscles of the lower limb.

2. Canals, grooves

3. Questions for the class 1. The classification, location and function of the muscles of the pelvis, thigh, lower

leg and foot

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The muscles of the pelvis, thigh, lower leg and foot, the location, function.

2. The supra- and infrapiriforme foramen, obturator canal, their boundaries and the

formation, vascular and muscular lacuna, femoral triangle and iliopectineal groove.

3. Adductorial canal. Femoral canal: its walls, educational, contents.

4. The boundaries and the content of the popliteal fossa.

5. Cruropopliteal cannal, its walls and its apertures.

6. The upper and lower musculo-peroneal -cannals and their wall and contents.

7. Plantar furrows.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Features of the location of the muscles

of the lower limbs in connection with the

function of movement.


on the subject



3. Find the need for education in the

atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 12


Employment: Report on myology.

Goals: To systematize and consolidate their knowledge of the anatomy of the

muscle.

Objective:


1. muscles, fascia and topographical formation of the trunk, limbs of the man;

To be able to:

1. call and show on preparates muscles, fascias and topographical formation of the

trunk, limbs of the man;


studying the topic Presented in the relevant sections of topics.

3. Questions for the class Presented in the relevant sections of topics.


Questions are given in the relevant sections of topics.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011







Presented in the relevant sections of topics.

Lesson number 13


Employment: Frontal, occipital, parietal bone.

Goals: To study the structure of the occipital, parietal, frontal bones for study

the future of osteology, central and peripheral nervous systems and Angiology,

neurology and traumatology and other clinical disciplines.

Objective:


1. Department of the skull;

2. The bones that make up the cerebral and facial skull;

3. The structures of the occipital, parietal, frontal bone;

To be able to:

1. To put in the correct anatomical position of the occipital, frontal, parietal bone;

2. Distinguish the right parietal bone from the left parietal bone;

3. Call and show on the preparates details of the structure of the frontal, parietal,

occipital bone;

4. Navigate the position of bones in the skull of a whole;

5. Finding on radiographs details of the structure of the studied bones.


studying the topic 1. Primary and secondary ossification

2. Vault and base of the skull

3. Questions for the class 1. Development of a skull in the phylogenesis and ontogenesis,

2. The period of growth of the skull,

3. Types of ossification of individual bones of the skull.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Departments of the skull. Bones make up the cerebral and facial skull.

2. The parts of the frontal bone, the position in the skull.

3. The structure of the squama of the frontal bone.

4. The structure of the nasal part of the frontal bone, the frontal sinus.

5. The structure of the orbital part of the frontal bone.

6. The parietal bone structure, the position in the skull.

7. The occipital bone, parts and position in the skull.

8. The structure of the occipital bone.

9. The structure of the lateral part of the occipital bone.

10. The structure of the basilar part of the occipital bone.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Departments of the skull. Bones make

up the cerebral and facial skull.

1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. To learn the Latin names of

structures

3. Find the necessary education in

the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 14


Employment: Ethmoid and sphenoid bone of the skull

Goals: To study the structure of the ethmoid and sphenoid bone for study the

future of osteology, central and peripheral nervous systems and Angiology,

neurology and traumatology and other clinical disciplines.

Objective: The student should know:

1. Department of the skull;

2. The bones that make up the cerebral and facial skull;

3. The structure of the sphenoid and ethmoid bones;

To be able to: 1. To put in the correct anatomical position of the wedge and the ethmoid bone;

2. Call and show on the preparates structural details of the ethmoid bones;

3. Navigate the position of bones in the skull of a whole;

4. X-rays to find details of the structure of the studied bones.

5. Determine the position of the sphenoid bone in the skull;

6. Called and showon the preparates structural details of the sphenoid bone.


studying the topic 1. Paranasal sinuses

2. Labyrinth ethmoid bone

3. Sinuses of the sphenoid bone

3. Questions for the class 1. The development of the skull in the phylogenesis and ontogenesis,



4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Departments of the skull. Bones make up the cerebral and facial skull.

2. The parts of the ethmoid bone, the position in the skull.

3. The structure of the cribriform and perpendicular plates of the ethmoid bone.

4. The structure of the labyrinth of the ethmoid bone.

5. Sphenoid bone, its position in the skull, the parts of the sphenoid bone.

6. The body of the sphenoid bone, the surface and structures.

7. Sphenoid sinus, its position, the functional significance.

8. The large wings of the sphenoid bone, the surface and structures.

9. The small wings of the sphenoid bone, the surface and structures.

10. Pterygoid processes of the sphenoid bone, their structure.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. 1. Departments of the skull. Bones make

up the cerebral and facial skull.


on the subject


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 15


2. Employment:Temporal bone.

Goals: To study the structure of the temporal bone, cannals of the temporal

bone, for subsequent use the knowledge gained in the study of the skull as a whole,

middle and inner ear, angioneurology as well as dentists and other clinical disciplines.

Objective:


1. The parts of the temporal bone, details of the structure;

2. The topography of the canals of the temporal bone, the formation of the input and

output orifices;

3. Functional features of parts of the temporal bone;

To be able to:

1. Determine the position of the temporal bone in the skull;

2. To show on preparates and describe the course of the channels of the temporal

bone;

3. Call and show on preparates details of the structure of the temporal bone.


studying the topic 1. Canals of the temporal bone

2. Mastoid cave

4. Questions for the class 1. The development of the skull in the phylogenesis and ontogenesis,



5. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Temporal bone, part, and position in the skull.

2. The structure of the squama of the temporal bone.

3. The general plan of the structure petrosal part of the temporal bone. The structure

of the front surface of the petrosal part of the temporal bone.

4. The structure of the posterior surface, the superior and inferior edges of the petrosal

part of the temporal bone.

5. The structure of the inferior surface of the petrosal part of the temporal bone.

6. External and internal structure of the mastoid process.

7. The structure of the tympanic part of the temporal bone.

8. List the canals of the temporal bone. Topography musculo-tubarial canal.

9. Topography carotid canal. What canals start from the wall of the carotid canal?

10. Topography of the facial canal.

11. What canal originated in the facial canal?

12. What are the canals that open in the tympanic cavity. Topography of the tympanic

canal.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Canals of the temporal bone 1. Work with educational material

on the subject


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 16


. Employment: The facial bones of the skull.

. Goals: To study the structure of the upper and lower jaws, palatine bone and small

facial bones, for further study of the central nervous system, angioneurology and

traumatology, neurosurgery, and other clinical disciplines.

Objective:

The student should know: 1. The structure of the upper and lower jaws;

2. The structure of the palatine bone and small facial bones;

To be able to: 1. call on preparations and show details of the structure of the studied bones;

2. correctly oriented in space studied the bones;


studying the topic 1. Meckel's cartilage

2. Derivatives of the visceral arches

3. Questions for the class 1. Features of the structure of brain and facial bones of the skull, their position in the

skull


4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The upper jaw (maxilla), its parts, the position in the skull.

2. The structure of the body of the upper jaw. Maxillary sinus.

3. The processes of the upper jaw, their structure.

4. Lower jaw (mandible), its parts, the position in the skull.

5. The structure of the body of the mandible.

6. The structure of the ramus of the lower jaw.

7. The small facial bones, their position in the skull.

8. The palatine bone, its parts, of the position in the skull.

9. The structure of the palatine bone.

10. The lachrymal and nasal bones, their structure and position in the skull.

11. Inferior turbinate (inferior nasal concha)and the vomer, their structure and

position in the skull.

12. Zygomatic bone, its structure, the position in the skull. is what form the

zygomatic arch?

13. The hyoid bone, its structure, the position of the skeleton.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The lachrymal and nasal bones, their

structure and position in the skull.


on the subject

2. Inferior turbinate and the vomer, their

structure and position in the skull.


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 17


Employment: The topography of cerebral and facial skull

Goals: To study the structure of the skull in general, the walls and

communication of the orbit, the nasal cavity, the structure of the hard палате, the

boundary and communication temporal, infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossas for

further study of central nervous system angioneurology and traumatology,

neurosurgery and other clinical subjects. Generalize and consolidate your learning on

the structure of the skull.

Objective:

The student should know: 1) The structure of the vault and base of the skull;

2) Structural formations vault and skull base;

3) Boundary walls and communication the front, middle and posterior cranial fossae;

4) The structure and communication of the orbit and the nasal cavity;

5) The structure of the hard palate;

6) The border communication and temporal, infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossas

7) The structure of the temporomandibular joint, joints of the skull bones

8) The structure of the fontanelles

To be able to: 1. Correctly oriented in space studied the bones;

2. Call and show of education, constituting the boundary between the base and the

cranial vault;

3. Call and show of education at the base and the vault of the skull;

4. Show on preparations borders, walls and communication anterior middle and

posterior cranial fossas, orbit, nasal cavity.

5. Show on preparations borders, walls and communication temporal, infratemporal

and pterygopalatine fossas


studying the topic 1. Vault and base of the skull

2. Cranial fossa

3. Temporal fossa

4. Infratemporal fossa

5. Pterygopalatine fossa


1. Features of the structure of cerebral and facial bones of the skull, their position in

the skull,


4.Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Departments of the skull.

2. Education, which forms the border between the base and cranial vault.

3. The bones of the cranial vault. The relief of the outer and inner surfaces of the

cranial vault.

4. The internal base of the skull, its relief.

5. The anterior cranial fossa, its boundaries, education and communication.

6. The medial fossa, its boundaries, education and communication.

7. The posterior cranial fossa, its boundaries, education and communication.

8. The structure of the external base of the skull.

9. The orbit, its walls.

10. Communication of the orbit.

11. The nasal cavity, wall, the position in the skull.

12. The nasal meatuses and communication.

13. The formation of the hard palate.

14. A joints of the skull bones. Types of sutures.

15. Temporomandibular joint and its ligaments, especially movement in the joint.

16. Pterygopalatine fossa, its walls.

17. Communication of the pterygopalatine fossa.

18. The temporal fossa, its wall posts.

19. Infratemporal fossa, its wall posts.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The pneumatic bones of the skull. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. What fossa contain? 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 18


Employment: Report on craniology.

Goals: To generalize and consolidate their knowledge on the structure of the

skull.

Objective:


1. The structure of the skull and its topography;

To be able to:

1. Correctly oriented in space studied the bones,

2. Call and show of education, forming the boundary between the base and the cranial

vault;

3. Call and show of education at the base and the vault of the skull;

5. Show on preparations borders, walls and communication of the anterior middle

and posterior cranial fossae, orbit, nasal, temporal, infratemporal and pterygopalatine

fossa.

6. Show on preparations borders, walls and communication of the temporal,

infratemporal and pterygopalatine fossa.


studying the topic Are given in respective sections of topics.

3. Questions for the class Questions to engage in reporting are given in the relevant sections of topics.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Departments of the skull.

2. The boundary between the base and the roof of the cranium.

3. The bones forming the cranium.

4. The bones forming the front of the skull.

5. Stages of the skull. Classification of the skull bones of their origin (primary,

secondary).

6. Determination of bone parts (frontal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid).

7. The position of the bones in the skull, its relationship with the neighboring bones.

8. Description of the structural elements of each bone.

9. The spatial arrangement of the bones, the definition of accessory bones right or left

half of the skull.

10. Participation bone in the formation of cavities and holes of the skull.

11. Determination the walls of the holes and cavities.

12. Communication of the fossa and cavities with other departments of the skull.

13. The nasal miatus, their communication with the paranasal sinuses.

14. Determination of the fontanelles: their location, dates of existence.

15. Age-related features of the structure of the skull.

16. The structural features of the skull of modern man emerged under the influence of

speech development, the brain and the reduction of the jaw apparatus.

17. Types of connections between the bones of the skull.

18. The types of joints between the individual bones of the skull. Age-related

changes.

19. Temporomandibular joint. Its anatomical features, types of movements,

ligaments.

20. Types of compounds of the skull to the spine. Feature occipital joint.

21. Atlantooccipital joints, their anatomical and functional features, ligaments.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011

9. Haines DE. Neuroanatomy: An Atlas of Structures, Sections, and Systems, 7th

ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2007.






studies

See the classes of the craniology 1. Work with educational material

on the subject 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 19


Employment: The muscles and fascia of the head.

Goals: To study the structure of muscles, fascia and topographical course of

the region of the head to study other branches of anatomy and traumatology, surgery


Objective:

The student should know: 1. The classification of the muscles of the head;

2. The place of beginning, attachment and function of the muscles of the head;

3. The structural features of facial and masticatory muscles;

4. The fascia of the head;

To be able to:

1. call and show on preparations muscles and fascia of the head;


studying the topic 1. Derivatives 1 and 2 of the visceral arches

3. Questions for the class 1. The structure of the bones and joints of the skull,

2. Classification of muscles.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Classification of the muscles of the head.

2. Features of the facial muscles.

3. Muscles of the cranial vault - a place start, attachment feature.

4. The muscles surrounding the eye slit - place start, attachment feature.

5. The muscles surrounding the nostrils - the starting point of, attachment feature.

6. The muscles surrounding the mouth slit - place start, attachment feature.

7. Place the beginning, attachment and function of the masticatory muscles.

8. The course and attach the fascia of the head.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The muscles of the face 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. Differences between the facial muscles

on the masticatory muscles


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 20


Employment: The muscles and fascia of the neck

Goals: To study the structure of muscles, fascia and move topographical

formation of the neck to explore other sections of the anatomy, as well as

traumatology, surgery and other clinical disciplines.

Objective:

The student should know: 1. The classification of the muscles of the neck;

2. The place of beginning, attachment and function of the muscles of the neck;

To be able to:

1. Call and show on preparations groups and individual muscles of the neck;


studying the topic

1. Derivatives of the neck muscles

3.Questions for the class: 1. The structure of the bones and joints of the skull, torso


4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Classification of the neck muscles on the topography and origin.

2. The surface side of the neck muscles.

3. suprahyoid muscle - place the beginning, attachment, function.

4. Infrahyoid muscle - place the beginning, attachment, function.

5. The lateral group of deep muscles of the neck - place the beginning, attachment,

function.

6. Prevertebral group of deep muscles of the neck - place the beginning, attachment,

function.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Origin and attachment neck muscles 1. Work with educational material


structures 3. Find the necessary education in

the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 21


Employment: The topography of the neck. Fascia.

Goals: To study the structure of muscles, fascia and move topographical

formation of the neck to explore other sections of the anatomy, as well as trauma,

surgery and other clinical disciplines.

Objective:


1. The triangle of the neck, the course of fascial sheets; interfascial spaces and their

functions.

To be able to:

1. Find and to show on preparations topographical formation of the neck;


of studying the topic 1. The fascia of the neck V.N.Shevkunenko

2. Fascia neck of BNA


1. The structure of the bones and joints of the skull, torso


4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The neck, their boundaries.

2. Triangles front of the neck, their boundaries.

3. Lingual triangle (Pirogov). Its practical significance.

4. Triangles lateral the neck, their boundaries.

5. Interscalenes and predscalenes space neck.

6. The fascia of the neck, its passways, the place of attachment.

7. Interfascial space neck, their boundaries, practical value.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Anatomical structures located in the

triangles of the neck and its clinical

significance


on the subject



the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 22


Employment: The report on the muscles of the head and neck.

Goals: To fix the received knowledge of the anatomy of the head and neck

muscles

Objective:

The student should know: 1. The structure of the muscle and fascia of the head and neck. The topography of the

neck.

To be able to:

1. Find and show to muscle preparations and topographical formation of the head and

neck;

2. Basic concepts that must be learned by students in the course of the study subjects

Are given in respective sections of topics.

3. Questions for the class Are given in respective sections of topics.

4. Questions for self-control Presented in the appropriate sections




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1 See the lesson. 1. Work with educational material



the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 23


Employment: oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach

Goals: To study the structure of the overall plan and topographical

relationships of the initial parts of the digestive system, the structure of the mouth to

explore other sections of the anatomy, as well as gastroenterologyand stomatology


Objective: To study the structure of the oral cavity, the lips, the anatomy of

the tongue, hard and soft palate, topographical relationships of anatomical structures

of the oral cavity.

Objective


1) The classification of the digestive organs;

2) The structure and topography of the oral cavity;

3) Classification, topography and function of the salivary glands

4) Classification, development, structure of the teeth;

5) Dentoalveolar segmen, tooth as an organ;

6) The timing teething, dental formula;

7) The characteristics deciduous teeth.

To be able to: 1) Find and demonstrate on preparations muscles that form the wall of the mouth, the

place opening of the excretory ducts of the salivary glands;

2) Call and show on the preparations structural details of the tongue, palate, salivary

glands, teeth

3) The correct to find in the set of teeth of the individual species, to determine the

details of their structure and put in the correct anatomical position.

2. Basic concepts that should is assimilable by students in the course of studying

the topic • Primary intestine.

• Digestive tube.

• The initial parts of the digestive system.

• Mouth.

• Lips.

• Cheeks.

• Gum.

• Gum pockets.

• Anticipation of the mouth.

• Actually the mouth.

• Hard and soft palate.

• Tongue.

• Fauces,

• Sublingual fold.

• Sublingual papilla.

• Frenulum of the lips, tongue.

• Small salivary glands.

• Large salivary glands.

• The ducts of the salivary glands.

• Crown of the tooth.

• The neck of the tooth.

• The root of the tooth.

• A tooth cavity.

• Apex of root of the tooth.

• Deciduous teeth.

• Permanent teeth.

3. Questions for the class 1. The structure of the skull bones,

2. muscle and fascia of the head and neck,

3. The anatomic and topographical formation of the neck.

4. The structure of the upper and lower jaws

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The development of the oral cavity.

2. What are the anomalies of the face and mouth, you know?

3. Name the parts of the mouth, their messages.

4. The structure of the vestibule of the oral cavity, its walls.

5. What are opens in the vestibule of the mouth?

6. What is the actual wall of the oral cavity than they are formed?

7. Which anatomical structures located in the mouth itself, and that it opens?

8. Name the muscles of the soft palate, and the beginning of their place of attachment

of muscle, function.

9. What is the pharynx, which its limited?

10. External and internal structure of the tongue.

11. The papillae of the mucous membrane of the tongue and its role in taste reception.

12. What form the diaphragm muscles of the mouth, and beginning their places of

attachment, the development of these muscles.

13. Groups of the salivary glands.

14. The structure, topography, functions parotid gland.

15. Where opens the duct of the parotid salivary gland?

16. The structure, topography, functions sublingual salivary gland.

17. Where opens the duct of the sublingual salivary glands?

18. The structure, topography, functions of the submandibular salivary gland.

19. Where opens the duct of the submandibular gland?

20. Name the small salivary glands, their topography.

21. What is the saliva, its composition.

22. The general plan of the structure of the tooth.

23. What are fixation of the tooth?

24. The structure of the different types of teeth and their distinctive features.

25. Terms of the eruption of deciduous and permanent teeth.

26. Physiological and pathological (malocclusions) occlusions.

27. Write the formula deciduous and permanent teeth.

28. What structures are part of the dentoalveolar segment?

29. Distinctive features of deciduous teeth.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Work with the textbooks, lecture

material for study the development of oral

malformations.


on the subject

2. Repeat the facial skull, outside the base

of the skull.


structures

3. Repeat the anomalies of the facial skull. 3. Find the necessary education in

the atlas

4. Repeat the facial and masticatory

muscles.


names

5. Repeat the neck muscles and muscles

which forming the diaphragm of the

mouth.


study of the topic

6. Classification of the salivary glands. 6. Work with the tests and questions for

self-examination

7. Types of salivary glands.

8. Repeat the topography of the skull.

9. Repeat the muscles and fascia of the

head, parotid - chewing area.

10. Repeat the muscles and fascia of the

neck, floor of the mouth.

11. Repeat the topography of the neck,

submandibular triangle.

12. Saliva, its composition.

13. Using textbooks and lecture material to

study the development of teeth.

14. Age characteristics of the teeth.

15. Anomalies of the teeth.

Lesson number 24


Employment:The intestine, liver, pancreas

Goals: To study the structure of the overall plan and topographical

relationships of the digestive system, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large

intestine, pancreas and liver to explore other sections of the anatomy, as well as

gastroenterology, and other clinical disciplines.

Objective:

The student should know: 1. The features of the structure and topography of the small and large intestine,

pancreas and liver

2. The classification of the digestive organs;

3. The structural features of the wall of the colon and small intestine;

4. The structure of the liver and pancreas;

5. Morphofunctional unit of the liver;

6. The structure and topography of the gall bladder;

7. Elimination pathway of bile;

8. Topography of the investigated bodies;

To be able to: 1. Find on the preparations is often small and large intestine, pancreas and liver

2. The correct to call and show its educational and topographical relationships with

other agencies.

3. Find on the preparations of the esophagus and the stomach, the right to call and

show their educational and topographical relationships with other agencies.

4. Find on the preparations divisions and external structure of the colon and small

intestine;

5. Find and show on the separate preparations, complexes of organs and

demonstration corpse the structural details of the small and large intestines, liver,

gallbladder, pancreas;

6. Show the details of the structure of the investigated organs on the preparates;

7. Put in the correct anatomical position of small and large intestine, liver, gallbladder,

pancreas;

8. Determine projection organs on areas on the anterior abdominal wall.


studying the topic 1. Skeletopy.

2. Golotopiya.

3. Syntopy.

4. The structure of the wall of the tubular bodies

5. The structural units of the liver

6. The structural units of the pancreas

7. The ratio of the body to the peritoneum

8. Serosa

3. Questions for the class 1. List the organs, related to the digestive system.

2. The portion of the small intestine.

3. The general structure of the duodenum.

4. The structure of the duodenal wall.

5. Topography of duodenum.

6. The structure of the mesenteric wall of the small intestine.

7. The structure of the intestinal villi of the small intestine.

8. Parts of the colon

9. External features of the structure of the colon and small intestine.

10. The structure of the wall of the blind, and the sigmoid colon.

11. The structure of the ileocecal valve, its functional value.

12. The ratio of the different parts of the colon to the peritoneum.

13. The structure of the rectum.

14. General plan of the structure of the liver.

15. Structural formation on the visceral surface of the liver.

16. The gates of the liver, and their education.

17. Ligaments of the liver.

18. Skeletopy liver.

19. Golotopiya and syntopy liver.

20. The structure of the gallbladder.

21. General plan of the structure of the pancreas.

22. The internal structure of the pancreas.

23. Topography of the pancreas.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The structure of the duodenum. The topography of the duodenum.

2. The part of the colon.

3. External features of the structure of the colon and small intestine.

4. The structure of the ileocecal valve, its functional value.

5. The ratio of the different parts of the colon to the peritoneum.

6. Structure of the rectum.

7. The general plan of the structure of the liver. Structure formation on the visceral

surface of the liver. The gates of the liver, and their education. Bundles liver.

8. Skeletopy liver. Golotopiya Syntopy and liver.

9. The structure of the gallbladder.

10. The general plan of the structure of the pancreas.

11. Topography of the pancreas




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The structure of the parenchymal organs. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. The structure of tubular organs. 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures

3. Explain the concepts: golotopiya,

skeletopy, Syntopy.


the atlas

4. Features of x-ray anatomy of the

stomach


names

5. The internal structure of the liver. 5. Draw the necessary circuits for the

study of the topic

6. Formation of the intra- and extrahepatic

bile ducts.


self-examination

7. The structure of the mesenteric wall of

the small intestine.

8. The structure of the intestinal villi of the

small intestine.

9. The internal structure of the pancreas.

Lesson number 25


Employment: The peritoneum.

Goals: To study the passways and topographical formation of the peritoneum

to apply the knowledge gained in the study of the anatomy of the following sections,

as well as gastroenterology, surgery and other clinical disciplines. Summarize and

consolidate their knowledge of the digestive system drugs.

Objective:


1. The passways of the peritoneum in the abdomen;

2. The external structure of the digestive system;

3. The internal structure of the digestive system;

4. The topographical relationships of the digestive system;

To be able to:

1. Call and show on preparations and the whole corpse education peritoneum in the

abdomen;

2. Call and show on preparations organs of the digestive system and the details of

their structure.


studying the topic

1. Abdominal cavity and peritoneal cavity

2. The derivatives of peritoneum

3. Levels of the abdominal cavity.

3. Questions for the class 1. Abdominal cavity, peritoneal cavity, the parietal and visceral peritoneum sheets.

2. The ratio of the abdominal cavity to the peritoneum.

3. The boundaries of the peritoneal cavity, levels.

4. Formation large and small glands.

5. Topographic education inner surface of the anterior abdominal wall.

6. The walls and the contents of the prehepatic bursa.

7. The walls and the contents of the pregastric bursa.

8. The walls and the contents of the omental bursa.

9. Omental opening, its functional value.

10. Topographic education peritoneum, located in the middle floor of the abdominal

cavity.

11. The boundaries and messages left and right paracolic canals.

12. The boundaries of the right mesenteric sinus.

13. The boundaries of the left mesenteric sinus.

14. The boundaries of the inferior floor of the abdominal cavity.

15. The recesses of the peritoneum in the pelvic cavity, their sexual differences.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. What is the peritoneum?

2. What are the derivatives of the peritoneum

3. The floors are limited to the abdomen

4. What is a small gland?

5. What is the largest gland?

6. What are the functions of the peritoneum?

7. Development of the peritoneum.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Development of the digestive system. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 26


Employment: The nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, lungs. The pleura and

mediastinum organs

Goals: To study the structure of the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi,

lungs and their topographical relationships to apply the knowledge gained in the

study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines such as otolaryngology,

pulmonology, internal medicine.

Objective:


1. Structures related to the respiratory organs

2. The internal and external structure of the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs;

3. The law of the division of the bronchi in the lungs, pulmonary segmental structure,

the structural and functional unit of the lung;

4. The topography of the trachea, bronchi, lungs;

5. The function of the respiratory system;

6. The structure of the nasal cavity, the walls

7. The structure of the pleura

8. Mediastinal organs

To be able to:

1. to show on preparations and the corpse of the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi,

lungs, and the details of their structure;


studying the topic

1. Acinus

2. The aerogematic barrier

3. The share of lung

4. Segment lung

5. The zone lung

6. Mediastinum

7. Derivatives of the pleura

3. Questions for the class 1. The organs relating to the the respiratory system.

2. The structure of the nasal cavity

3. Structure and function of the larynx

4. The structure and function of the trachea.

5. The structure and topography of the main bronchi.

6. The external structure of the right and left lungs.

7. Segmental structure of the lung.

8. Structural and functional unit of the lung.

9. The structure of the bronchial tree.

10. List the structure included in the alveolar tree.

11. The structure and topography of the root formation of the lung.

12. The structure of the pleura

13. Mediastinum

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The structure of the nasal cavity

2. Structure and function of the larynx

3. Structure of the trachea, topography, functions.

4. Bronchial tree

5. The structure of the lung

6. The sinuses of the pleura

7. The dome of the pleura

8. Divisions of the mediastinum

9. The organs of the mediastinum




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Development of the respiratory system 1. Work with educational material

on the subject


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 27


Employment: Endocrine and Immune System

Goals: To study the structure, topography and function of the endocrine

glands, and their relationship with the nervous system. Knowledge of this section is

necessary for further study of the clinical disciplines in the therapy and

endocrinology. To study the structure, topography and function of immunogenesis

Objective:


1. The development and structure of endocrine glands;

2. The anatomy of the neurogenic and branchiogenic group glands;

3. The anatomy of the thymus

To be able to:

1. Show on demonstration preparations endocrine glands and the details of their

structure;

2. To dissect the the endocrine glands.


studying the topic 1. Endocrine glands

2. Hormones

3. The structural units of the endocrine and immune systems.

3. Questions for the class 1. Classifying the endocrine glands.

2. The structure, topography and function of the thyroid gland, the parathyroid glands.

3. Anatomy and topography of the endocrine pars of pancreas, gonads.

4. The structure of the hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland and its functional value.

5. The structure, topography and function of the adrenal glands and paraganglia.

6. Structure, topography and function of the thymus.

4.Questions for the self-asssessment

1. The structure, topography, functions of the thyroid and parathyroid glands, the

thymus

2. The structure, topography, adrenal function, paraganglia, APUD-system

3. Features of the structure and functioning of the endocrine sexual glands

4. The hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal gland, a structure. Topography, function




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The classification of the endocrine

glands


on the subject

2. The structural units of the endocrine

glands and organs of the immune system.


structures

3. The principles of functioning of the

endocrine system and hormone action


the atlas

4. Preparation of presentations 4. Take notes in a workbook New Latin

names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 28


Employment: Urinary tract and male reproductive system

Goals: To study the structure of the kidney, ureter, bladder, and their

topographical relationships and functions for future use of this knowledge in the study

of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines, such as nephrology, urology.

To study the development, structure, and function of topographical relationships of

the external and internal male sex organs and male urethra for later use this

knowledge in the study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines such

as urology, surgery, andrology.

Objective:


1. The external and internal structure of the kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder;

2. The topography of the studied bodies;

3. The structure of the structural and functional unit of the kidneys;

4. The function of the kidneys, urinary bladder and ureter.

5. The external and internal structure of the male reproductive organs;

6. The process of lowering the testicle in the scrotum;

7. Place of education and the way of deducing the sperm;

8. The structure, topography, narrowing and widening of the male urethra;

To be able to:

1. Put the studied organs in correct anatomic position;

2. Show the corpse and separate preparations studied organs and parts of the

structure;

3. Master the skills of dissection of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder.

4. To put in the correct anatomical position of the testis, prostate, seminal vesicles,

penis;

5. Call on the show and preparations studied organs and parts of the structure;


studying the topic 1. Nephron

2. Fornikal apparatus of the kidney

3. The fixied apparatus of the kidney

3. Questions for the class 1. The external structure of the kidney.

2. Gate the kidneys and the renal sinus.

3. The topography of the right kidney.

4. The topography of the left kidney.

5. The sheath of the kidneys.

6. The fixing apparatus of the kidney.

7. The cortex of the kidney

8. The medulla of the kidney.

9. The segments of the kidneys.

10. The urinary tract of the kidney.

11. Parts of the ureter.

12. The structure of the wall of the ureter.

13. The external structure of the urinary bladder.

14. The structure of the urinary bladder wall.

15. Topography of the urinary bladder.

16. Development of the urinary system.

17. The external structure of the testicle.

18. The structure of the epididymis.

19. The departments, topography and the structure of the wall of the vas deferens.

20. The structure and topography of the seminal vesicles.

21. The external structure of the prostate gland.

22. The structure, topography and function of bulbourethral glands.

23. The external structure of the penis.

24. The internal structure of the penis.

25. Place of education and ways to deducing of sperm.

26. The external structure of the scrotum.

27. The layers of the scrotum, their formation.

28. The length and composition of the spermatic cord.

29. Parts of the male urethra.

30. Constrictions and dilatations of the male urethra, where they are located.

31. The structure of the wall of the male urethra.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The structure of the kidney.

2. Topography of kidneys.

3. The sheath of the kidneys. The fixing apparatus of the kidney.

4. The cortex of the kidney

5. The medulla of the kidney.

6. Part of the ureter.

7. The external structure of the bladder. The topography of the urinary bladder.

8. The structure of the testis The structure of the epididymis.

9. Departments, the topography and the structure of the wall of the vas deferens.

10. The structure and topography of the seminal vesicles.

11. The external structure of the prostate gland.

12. The structure, topography and function of bulbourethral glands.

13. The structure of the external male genitalia.

14. The layers of the scrotum, their formation.

15. The spermatic cord.

16. Parts of the male urethra.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Structural and functional unit of the

kidney.


on the subject

2. Structure and function juxtamedullary

аппаратус of the kidneys .


structures

3. The blood supply to the kidneys. 3. Find the necessary education in

the atlas

4. The structure of the wall of the ureter. 4. Take notes in a workbook New Latin

names

5. The structure of the urinary bladder

wall.


study of the topic

6. Development of the urinary system. 6. Work with the tests and questions for

self-examination

7. The internal structure of the testicle.

8. The internal structure of the prostate

gland.

9. The external structure of the penis.

10. The internal structure of the penis.

11. The process of testicular descent.

12. The structure of the wall of the male

urethra.

13. The development of male reproductive

organs.

Lesson number 29


Employment: Women's reproductive system

Goals: To study the structure and development of internal and external female

genital organs, the female urethra, for later use the knowledge gained in the study of

other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines, in particular obstetrics,

gynecology, surgery.

Objective:

The student should know: 1. The inner and outer structure of the female reproductive organs;

2. The structure and topography of the female urethra;

3. The functional changes in the uterus;

4. The variants slope and the bending of the uterus;

5. To dissect the organs studied.

To be able to:

1. То put in the correct anatomical position of female genital organs;

2. Call and шов on the preparations external and internal female sex organs and parts

of the structure;

3. Call and show on the corpse and separate preparations organs and structural details

of the genitourinary system.


studying the topic 1. The physiological position of the uterus

2. The fixing apparatus of the uterus

3. Ovarian-menstrual cycle

3. Questions for the class 1. Structure of the ovary. Functions, topography. The structure of the appendages of

the ovary.

2. Structure of the uterus. The ligamentous apparatus of the uterus.

3. Parts and topography of the fallopian tube. The structure of the wall of the fallopian

tube.

4. The external structure of the vagina, its topography. Vaginal vault, its clinical

significance.

5. The structure of the external genitalia

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The general structure of the internal and external female genital organs.

2. The external structure of the ovary.

3. The internal structure of the ovary.

4. The structure of the appendages of the ovary.

5. The outer structure of the uterus.

6. The structure of the wall of the uterus.

7. The structures which restrict the uterine cavity.

8. The ligamentous apparatus of the uterus.

9. Variants of inclinations and bending of the uterus.

10. Functional changes of the uterus.

11. Parts and topography of the fallopian tube.

12. The structure of the wall of the fallopian tube.

13. The external structure of the vagina, its topography.

14. Structure of the vaginal wall.

15. Vaginal vault, its clinical significance.

16. The structure of large and small female genital lips.

17. The structure of the vestibule, a large gland vestibule.

18. The structure of the clitoris.

19. The topography and the structure of the female urethra.

20. The development of the female reproductive organs




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The internal structure of the ovary. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. The structure of the wall of the uterus. 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures

3. Variants of inclinations and bending of the

uterus.


the atlas

4. Functional changes uterus. 4. Take notes in a workbook New Latin

names

5. The structure of the wall of the fallopian

tube.


study of the topic

6. Structure of the vaginal wall. 6. Work with the tests and questions for

self-examination

7. The structure of large and small female

genital lips.

8. The structure of the vestibule, a large

gland vestibule.

9. The structure of the clitoris.

Lesson number 30


Employment: The perineum. Mammary gland.

Goals: To study the structure and topography of the perineum, the structure of

the mammary gland to use the knowledge gained in the study of other sections of the

anatomy and clinical disciplines such as surgery, gynecology, proctology. Summarize

and consolidate their knowledge of the respiratory and urinary systems.

Objective:


1. The name, place of beginning, attachment and function of the muscles of the

perineum;

2. The course of the fascia of the perineum;

3. The walls and the contents ischiorectal fossa;

4. External and internal structure mammary gland;

5. The external, internal structure and topographic relationships of the urogenital

system;

6. To dissect the studied organs

To be able to:

1. To put in the correct anatomical position of female genital organs;

2. Call and show the muscles and fascia of the perineum in the preparations;

3. Call and show on the preparations details of the structure mammary gland;

4. To dissect the muscle and fascia of the perineum, the mammary gland.

5. Call and show on the corpse and separate preparations organs and details of

structure of the genitourinary system.


studying the topic 1. The physiological position of the uterus

2. The fixing apparatus of the uterus

3. Ovarian-menstrual cycle

4. Levels of the pelvis


1. The perineum in the narrow and broad sense of the word.

2. The walls and the contents ischiorectal fossa.

3. The structure of the mammary gland

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The perineum in the narrow and broad sense of the word.

2. Place the start, attachment and function of the superficial muscles of the urogenital

diaphragm superficial.

3. Place the beginning, attachment and function of the deep muscles of the urogenital

diaphragm.

4. Place the beginning, attachment and function of the pelvic diaphragm muscles.

5. The fascia of the perineum.

6. Walls and the contents ischiorectal fossa.

7. The structural features of the female perineum.

8. The structure of the mammary gland.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The starting point, attachment and

function of the superficial muscles of the

urogenital diaphragm.


on the subject

2. Place the start, attachment and function

of the deep muscles of the urogenital

diaphragm.


structures

3. Place the beginning, attachment and

function of the pelvic diaphragm muscles.


the atlas

4. The fascia of the perineum. 4. Take notes in a workbook New Latin

names

5. The walls and the contents ischiorectal

fossa.


study of the topic

6. The structural features of the female

crotch.


self-examination

7. The structure mammary gland

Lesson number 31


Employment: The report on splanhnology.

Goals: generalize and consolidate their knowledge of splanhnology.

Objective:


1. External, internal structure and topographical relationships of the digestive,

respiratory and urogenital systems, endocrine glands;

To be able to:

1. Call and show on the corpse and separate preparations organs and parts of the

structure of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems, endocrine glands.



3. Questions for the class Questions to in-goal lesson are given in the relevant sections of topics.






2013. - 463 с.




















2011






6. A list of questions and Objective for independent work Presented in the relevant sections of topics.

Lesson number 32


Employment: Heart. Pericardium.

Goals: To study the general scheme of the structure of the cardiovascular system,

circulation, arteries and veins of the heart, the structure of the atria and ventricles, the

structure of the wall of the heart and conducting system, the topography of the heart,

the structure of the pericardium, part and sinuses, for later use this knowledge in the

study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines, particularly

cardiology, thoracic surgery

Objective:

The student should know: 1. The general plan of the structure of the cardiovascular system;

2. The structure and topography of the heart;

3. The anatomical structure of the atria and ventricles;

4. The structure of the wall of the atria and ventricles;

5. Anatomy and functional significance of the conduction system of the heart;

6. The border of the projection of the heart and valves on the chest wall;

7. The structure and topography of the pericardium.

8. The topography and the area of the blood supply to the arteries of the heart;

9. Venous outflow from the heart;

To be able to:

1. On the preparations of the heart to find and show of the heart, the surface, grooves;

2. On frontal sections show the heart atria, ventricles, the atrioventricular openings,

valves and education to them;

3. Show on the preparates and called the lining of the heart ;

4. Show the boundaries of the heart and skeleton corpse;

5. Find and show the pericardium, its sinuses, parts.

6. Find and show the heart on the X-ray.

7. Find and show right and left coronary arteries and its branches;

8. Show veins of the heart;


studying the topic

1. The systemic and pulmonary circulation

2. Conducting system of the heart

3. The structure of the heart wall

4. The structure of the heart valve

3. Questions for the class 1. The external structure of the heart.

2. The structure of the right atrium.

3. Structure and function of the right atrioventricular valve

4. The structure of the right ventricle.

5. The structure of the left atrium.

6. Structure and function of the left atrioventricular valve.

7. The structure of the left ventricle.

8. The layers of the heart wall.

9. The cardiac conduction system.

10. Skeletopy heart.

11. Skeletopy heart valves

12. The pericardium: its structure, ligaments.

13. Sinus pericardium.

14. The viens of the heart: education, confluence.

15. The arteries of the heart, the area of suppling


1. List the circles of circulations.

2. The structure of the heart and its chambers.

3. The structure of the heart valves.

4. Name the layers of the wall of the heart.

5. The presented conduction system of the heart.

6. Skeletopy and heart valves.

7. Places of listening heart valves.

8. The pericardium: its structure, pericardial sinus.

9. The veins of the heart: education, confluence.

10. The arteries of the heart, the area of suppling.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The circles of circulations. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. Layers of the heart wall. 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures

3. The structure of the epicardium. 3. Find the necessary education in

the atlas

4. The structure of the atrial and ventricular

myocardium.


names

5. The structure of the endocardium. 5. Draw the necessary circuits for the

study of the topic

6. X-ray anatomy of the heart. 6. Work with the tests and questions for

self-examination

7. Fetal circulation

8. The development of the heart

malformations

Lesson number 33

1. Theme of employment, its goals and objective s

Employment: thoracic and abdominal aorta

Goals: To study the anatomy of the abdominal aorta, external and internal iliac

artery, branches and blood supply region, to apply the knowledge gained in the study

of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines such as surgery, therapy,

cardiology.

Objective:

The student should know: 1. Topography and branches of the abdominal aorta, their name and the blood supply

to the region;

2. Anastomoses between the branches of the studied arteries.

To be able to:

1. To show the aorta and its branches;

2. Call and show the branches of the abdominal aorta, their course and blood supply

to the region;

3 Show the branches of the external and internal iliac artery


studying the topic 1. Pulmonary and sistemic circulation

2. Classification of vessels

3. Questions for the class 1. Topography of aorta, a part thereof.

2. The branches of the ascending aorta, the region of their blood supply.

3. The branches of the aortic arch.

4. Thoracic aorta, its topography and group of its branches.


1. Parietal branches of the abdominal aorta - inferior diaphragmatic, lumbar artery:

the region of blood supply, anastomoses.

2. Celiac trunk: topography, branches.

3. The left gastric artery: branches, the region of blood supply, anastomoses.

4. The total hepatic artery: branches, the region of blood supply, anastomoses.

5. Splenic artery: branches, the region of blood supply, anastomoses.

6. The superior mesenteric artery: branches, the region of blood supply, anastomoses.

7. Inferior mesenteric artery: branches, the region of blood supply, anastomoses.

8. The paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta: medial suprarenal, renal,

testicular (ovarian) arteries - branches, the region of blood supply, anastomoses.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Parietal branches of the abdominal aorta 1. Work with educational material

on the subject


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 34


Employment:The supeior and inferior vena cava. Portal vein. Anastomosis.

Goals: To study the formation, course and tributaries vein human venous

outflow from the organs and body parts, to apply the knowledge gained in the study

of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines such as therapy, surgery,

angiology.

The formation and tributaries of the portal vein, the vein of the heart,

intersystem venous anastomoses, fetal circulation, to apply the knowledge gained in

the study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines, particularly

cardiology, pediatrics, gastroenterology, surgery.

Objective:


1. The topography of the superior vena cava and its tributaries;

2. The topography of the inferior vena cava and its tributaries;

3. Venous outflow from the organs and body parts.

4. The formation of the portal vein and its tributaries;

5. The main veins forming porto-caval and cava-caval anastomoses;

6. Characteristics of the fetal circulation.

To be able to:

1. Name and show on the corpse of the superior and inferior vena cava and their

tributaries;

2. To show the portal vein and its tributaries;

4. Show the veins of the heart;

5. Show veins involved in the intersystem anastomosis.


studying the topic 1. Legitimacies the structure and branching veins

2. Porto -caval anastomoses.

3. Cava-caval anastomoses

3. Questions for the class 1. The structure and topography of the thoracic, abdominal, muscles, fascia of the

trunk and extremities

2. Topography of the superior vena cava, tributaries.

3. Azygos vein: education, tributaries.

4. Hemiazygos veun: education, tributaries.

5. Topography of the inferior vena cava, inflows.

6. Parietal tributaries of the inferior vena cava: education, tributaries, anastomoses.

7. Visceral tributaries of the inferior vena cava: education, tributaries, anastomoses.

8. Portal vein: education, tributaries.

9. Porto-caval anastomoses.

10. Cava-caval anastomoses.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. What are the features of the structure, topography and tributaries of the superior

vena cava

2. What are the features of the structure, topography and tributaries of the inferior

vena cava

3. What are the structural features, topography and the tributaries of the portal vein

4. List intervenosus anastomoses, enter their clinical significance



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Fetal circulation. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. Changes in the vascular system of the

newborn after birth.


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 35


Employment: The lymphatic system. Lymphatic drainage from the chest,

abdomen and pelvis.

Goals: To study the patterns of distribution of lymph nodes and vessels in the

human body, from the lymph organs and body parts, structure and topography of the

spleen, to apply the knowledge gained in the study of other sections of the anatomy

and clinical disciplines, particularly therapy, surgery.

Objective:

The student should know: 1. The function of the lymphatic system;

2. The structure of the lymphatic trunks, ducts, vessels, capillaries and nodes;

3. The patterns of distribution in the body lymph trunks, ducts, vessels, capillaries and

nodes;

4. Lymph flow from organs and parts of the human body;

5. The structure and topography of the spleen

To be able to:

1. Show and call the individual components of the lymphatic system;

2. Show and call details of the structure of the spleen.


studying the topic 1. Lymphangion

2. Lymph

3. Questions for the class 1. The functions of the lymphatic system.

2. Structures that are part of the lymphatic system

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The thoracic duct: formation, part, topography, structure of wall.

2. The right lymphatic duct: topography.

3. Subclavian, jugular trunks: topography.

4. Lymphatic vessels and nodes of the pelvis.

5. Parietal lymph vessels and nodes of the abdomen.

6. Visceral lymph nodes and blood vessels of the abdominal cavity.

7. Parietal lymph vessels and nodes of the chest cavity.

8. Visceral lymph nodes and vessels of the thoracic cavity.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The development of the lymphatic

system in embryogenesis.


on the subject

2. The functional significance of the

lymphatic system.


structures

3. Classification and structure of lymphatic

capillaries.


the atlas


vessels.


names

5. Classification and structure of the lymph

nodes.


study of the topic

6. Spleen: external, internal structure,

topography.


self-examination

Lesson number 36


Employment: The vessels of the pelvis

Goals: To study the anatomy of the external and internal iliac arteries, the

course of their branches and blood supply to the region for the application of the

knowledge gained in the study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical

disciplines. such as surgery, gynecology, urology.

Objective:


1. The topography of the common iliac artery and its branches;

2. The branch of the external iliac artery, the region their blood supply;

3. Branches of the internal iliac artery and the region their blood supply;

4. Anastomoses between the branches of arteries.

To be able to: 1 Show at the demonstration corpse branches of the common iliac artery;

2. Show the demonstration corpse branches of the external and internal iliac artery.


studying the topic 1. Anastomoses

2. The branches and tributaries

. 3. Questions for the class 1. The structure of the pelvis

2. Topography of pelvic organs

3. The muscles of the pelvis

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The common iliac artery: topography, branches.

2. Internal iliac artery: topography, branches, areas of blood supply.

3. Iliolumdar, lateral sacral artery: branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

4. The superior and inferior gluteal artery: branches, areas of blood supply,

anastomoses.

5. Umbilical artery: branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

6. The internal pudendal artery: branches, areas of blood supply.

7. Obturator artery: the course, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

8. Inferior vesical, uterine, middle rectal artery: branches, areas of blood supply,

branch.

9. The external iliac artery: topography, branches, areas of blood supply,

anastomoses.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The development of the lymphatic

system in embryogenesis.


on the subject

2. The functional significance of the

lymphatic system.


structures


capillaries.


the atlas


vessels.


names

5. Classification and structure of the lymph

nodes.


study of the topic

6. Spleen: external, internal structure,

topography.


self-examination

Lesson number 37


Employment: The report on the vessels of the body

Goals: Generalize the and fix the received knowledge of the anatomy of the

heart and blood vessels of the body, and for their subsequent use in other sections of

the study of anatomy and clinical disciplines

Objective:


1. The structure and topography of the heart and pericardium;

2. The topography of the aorta and its main branches;

3. The the region of blood supply arteries of systemic and pulmonary circulation;

4. Basic anastomoses between the branches of arteries.

To be able to:

1. Find and show the structure of the heart;

2. Find and show the aorta and its branches;

3. Find and show the veins and their tributaries









2013. - 463 с.




















2011








Lesson number 38


Employment: The branches of the aortic arch. Subclavian artery

Goals: To study the anatomy of the subclavian artery, the blood supply to the

region and its branches, to apply the knowledge gained in the study of other sections

of the anatomy and clinical disciplines, such as neurology, neurosurgery,

traumatology.

Objective:


1. The topography of the subclavian artery;

2. The branches of the subclavian artery in the relevant topographic formations;

3. The region of supply of each branch, on the preparates;

4. Anastomosis between branches of arteries.

To be able to:

1. To sketch the branches of the subclavian artery;

2. Find and show on the preparates the studied arteries and its branches;


studying the topic 1. Classification of vessels

2. Features of the structure and topography of the subclavian and axillary artery

3. Collateral circulation

4. Anastomosis

3. Questions for the class 1. Branch of the aortic arch

2. Topography of the neck

3. Triangles of the anterior wall of the axilla

4. Topography of the upper limb

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. List the topographical formation through which the subclavian artery, pass and

branches which its give.

2. The internal thoracic artery: topography, branches, areas of blood supply,

anastomoses.

3. Vertebral artery: topography, parts, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

4. Thiro-cervical trunk, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

5. Costo-cervical trunk, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The internal thoracic artery: topography,

branches, areas of blood supply,

anastomoses


on the subject


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 39


Employment: Axillary artery. Venous and lymphatic drainage of the upper

limb

Goals: To study the anatomy of the axillary artery, topography and blood

supply to the area of their branches to apply the knowledge gained in the study of

other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines. such as neurology,

neurosurgery, traumatology.

To study the topography of the arteries, veins, lymph vessels of the free upper limb ,

anastomoses, arterial blood supply to the area, and their branches to apply the


disciplines, especially trauma, angiology.

Objective:

The student should know: 1. The topography of the subclavian and axillary arteries;

2. The brances of the subclavian and axillary arteries in the relevant topographic

formations;

3. The region of blood supply each branch on the preparates;

4. Anastomosis between branches of arteries.

5. The topography of the brachial, radial, ulnar arteries and its branches;

6. The region of blood supply to the arteries of the upper limb;

7. Anastomoses between the branches of the arteries the studied.

To be able to: 1. To sketch branch of the subclavian, axillary artery;

2. Find and to show on preparations studied arteries and its branches;

3. Palpate the radial, brachial artery;

4. Called and show on preparates the upper extremity arteries and its branches.


studying the topic 1. Classification of vessels

2. Features of the structure and topography of the subclavian and axillary artery

3. Collateral circulation

4. Anastomosis

5. Venous network

6. Arterial arc

3. Questions for the class 1. Branch of the aortic arch

2. Topography of the neck

3. Triangles of the anterior wall of the axilla

4. The muscles and the topography of the upper limb

5. Topography of of the upper limb

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. List the topographical formation through which pass the subclavian artery, which

branches they give.

2. The internal thoracic artery: topography, branches, areas of blood supply,

anastomoses.

3. Vertebral artery: topography, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

4. Thiro-cervical trunk, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

5. The costo-cervical trunk, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

6. List the topographical formation through which pass the axillary artery, which

branches they give.

7. The branches of the first department of the axillary artery, areas of blood supply.

8. Thoracoacromial artery: topography, branches, areas of blood supply.

9. The branches of the second department of the axillary artery, areas of blood supply.

10. The branches of the third section of the axillary artery, areas of blood supply.

11. Subscapularis artery: topography, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

12. Postrior and anterior circumflction humerus arteries: topography, branches, areas

of blood supply, anastomoses.

13. The topography of the brachial artery, branches, areas of blood supply.

14. Profunda brachial artery, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

15. The superior and inferior collateral ulnar artery: topography, the field of blood

supply, anastomoses.

16. The radial artery: topography, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

17. The ulnar artery, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

18. Common interosseous artery: topography, branches, areas of blood supply,

anastomoses.

19. The branches that form the arterial network of the elbow joint.

20. The branches that form the arterial network of the back of the wrist.

21. The branches that form the arterial network of the wrist palmar.

22. The superficial palmar arch, branches, anastomoses.

23. The deep palmar arch, branches, anastomoses.

24. Superficial veins of the upper extremity: education, topography, tributaries

anastomoses.

25. The deep veins of the upper extremity: education, topography, tributaries

anastomoses.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The internal thoracic artery: topography,

branches, areas of blood supply,

anastomoses


on the subject

2. Blood supply the hand 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures

3. The blood supply to the joints 3. Find the necessary education in

the atlas

4. Venous and lymphatic drainage of the

upper limb


names 5. Draw the necessary circuits for the

study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 40


Employment: The femoral artery and its branches. Venous and lymph flow of

the lower limb

Goals: To study the anatomy of the arteries, veins, lymph vessels of the lower

limb free, their branches anastomoses, blood supply to the region, to apply the


disciplines such as traumatology, orthopedics.

Objective:


1. The topography of arteries and their branches, supplying the free lower limb;

2. Anastomoses between the branches of the free lower extremity arteries.

To be able to:

1. To find, call and show the arteries and their branches in the thigh, leg, foot;


studying the topic 1. Collateral circulation

2. Anastomosis

3. Venous network

4. Arterial arc

3. Questions for the class 1. The muscles of the lower limb

2. Topography of the lower limb

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. The femoral artery: topography, branches, region of blood supply.

2. Surface epigastrium artery: topography, region of blood supply, anastomoses.

3. Surface artery circumflex iliac: topography, region of blood supply, anastomoses.

4. External genital arteries: the topography, tregionof blood supply, anastomoses.

5. Deep femoral artery: the topography, branches, areas of blood supply,

anastomoses.

6. Downward knee artery: the topography, region of blood supply, anastomoses.

7. Popliteal artery: topography, branches, region of blood supply, anastomoses.

8. Posterior tibial artery: topography, branches, region of blood supply, anastomoses.

9. Medial plantar artery: topography, branches, region of blood supply, anastomoses.

10. The lateral plantar artery: topography, branches, region of blood supply,

anastomoses.

11. Anterior tibial artery: topography, branches.

12. The front and posterior tibial recurrent artery: topography, region of blood supply,

anastomoses.

13. The front lateral and medial malleolar artery: the region of blood supply,

anastomoses.

14. The dorsal artery of foot: topography, branches, region of blood supply,

anastomoses.

15. The branches forming arterial network knee.

16. The branches that form the medial malleolar network.

17. The branches that form the lateral malleolar network.

18. Superficial veins of the lower extremity: education, topography, tributaries,

anastomoses.

19. The deep veins of the lower extremity: education, topography, tributaries,

anastomoses.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Superficial veins of the lower extremity:

education, topography, tributaries

anastomoses.


on the subject

2. The deep veins of the lower extremity:

education, topography, tributaries

anastomoses.


structures

3. The lymphatic vessels of the lower

extremity, lymphatic drainage path


the atlas



study of the topic


self-examination

Lesson number 41


Employment: Report on vessels upper and lower extremities

Goals: To fix the received knowledge on topics vessels of the upper and lower

limbs.

Objective:


1. The blood supply to the upper and lower limbs.

To be able to:

1. The showing and call the arteries, veins and lymphatic vessels and nodes of the

upper and lower limbs


studying the topic Presented in the respective sections topics

3. Questions for the class Presented in the respective sections topics

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen Presented in the respective sections topics




2013. - 463 с.

2.Prives M. . Human anatomy/ M. Prives, N. Lysenkov , V. BushkovichPrives

M. Vol. II : The science of the vessels. The science of the nervous system. The

science of the sensory organs./ пер. A. Aksenov. -Moscow: Mir Publishers, 2004. -

439,[1] p.: il.




4. Prives. M. Human anatomy/ M. Prives, N. Lysenkov, V. BushkovichPrives

M. Vol. I : The weight-bearing and locomotor system. The science of the viscera.

The science of the organs of internal secretion./ пер. A. Aksenov. -Moscow: Mir

Publishers, 2004. -608 p.: il.









2011

9. Haines DE. Neuroanatomy: An Atlas of Structures, Sections, and Systems,

7th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2007.


By Susan Standring, PhD, DSc, FKC/© 2008, Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved.

Fortieth edition published 2008



studies

See lessons 38-40. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject


structures


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 42


Employment: The spinal cord. Formation of the spinal nerves. Intercostal

nerves, posterior branches of the spinal nerves.

Goals: To study the external and internal structure of the spinal cord, its

topography, the formation of the spinal nerve, to use the knowledge gained in the

study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines, such as neurology,

neurosurgery. To study the formation, progress and the region of innervation the

intercostal nerve, topography and structure of the posterior branches of the spinal

nerves.

Objective:

The student should know: 1. The external and internal structure of the spinal cord;

2. Segmental structure of the spinal cord;

3. The principle of formation of the spinal nerve;

4. The meninges of the spinal cord;

5. The topography of the intercostal nerve, posterior branches of the spinal nerves;

To be able to:

1. Call and show on the spinal cord preparations and details of its structure;

2. Show the location of the spinal nerves exit from the spinal cord and vertebral

column;

3. Find and show meninges of the spinal cord and intermeningeal space;

4. Show on preparations intercostal nerves and its branches


studying the topic 1. Spinal ganglion

2. The simple reflex arc

3. Reflex

4. Spinal nerve

3. Questions for the class 1. Classification and function of the nervous system.

2. Morphofunctional characteristics of the main types of neurons.

3. The structure of the simple somatic reflex arch.

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. Topography of the spinal cord.

2. The external structure of the spinal cord.

3. Formation of spinal roots.

4. Segments of the spinal cord, their topography.

5. The structure of the the gray matter of the spinal cord.

6. The structure of the the white matter of the spinal cord.

7. Meninges of the spinal cord

8. Intermeningeal space and its contents.

9. Formation of the spinal nerve.

10. Formation, topography and regions of innervation of posterior branches of the

spinal nerves.

11. Formation, topography and regions of innervation of the anterior branches of

thoracic spinal nerves.



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The structure of the the white matter of

the spinal cord.


on the subject


structures


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 43


Employment: The vegetative nervous system: sympathetic and

parasympathetic divisions. The innervation of organs.

Goals: To study the development, structure, departments, areas of innervation

and function of of vegetative nervous system, to explore other sections of anatomy,

neurology, internal medicine and other clinical disciplines. Learn the principles of

formation and region of innervation by vegetative plexus of the abdomen cavity and

pelvis, to apply the knowledge gained in the study of anatomy and the future of other

clinical disciplines.

Objective:

The student should know: 1. The structural features of the autonomic nervous system, its centers, reflex arc;

2. The morphological and functional differences between the autonomic nervous

system from somatic;

3. Know the principles of the innervation of the internal organs, head, neck, chest and

abdominal cavities, organs of the pelvic.

4. The general plan of the structure of the autonomic nervous system;

To be able to:

1. Find and show on the corpse and separate preparations basic structure of the

autonomic nervous system.

2. Find and show on the corpse and separate preparations main branches, knots and

tangles of the autonomic nervous system.


studying the topic 1. Autonomic reflex arc

2. Central and peripheral departments of vegetative nervous system

3. Questions for the class 1. Classification and functions of the autonomic nervous system.

2. The reflex arc of the autonomic nervous system.

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. The structure of the central section of the autonomic nervous system.

2. The structure of the peripheral autonomic nervous system.

3. The topography and structure of the sympathetic trunk.

4. Thoracic part of the sympathetic trunk: nodes, branches, areas of innervation.

5. The lumbar part of the sympathetic trunk: nodes, branches, areas of innervation.

6. Pelvic department of the sympathetic trunk: nodes, branches, areas of innervation.

7. The parasympathetic part of the vagus nerve.

8. lumbosacral part of the parasympathetic nervous system.

9. Celiac plexus: formation, branches, areas of innervation.

10. The superior mesenteric plexus: formation, branches, areas of innervation.

11. Inferior mesenteric plexus: formation, branches, areas of innervation.

12. Hypogastric plexus: formation, branches, areas of innervation



2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. The superior mesenteric plexus:

formation, branches, areas of innervation.


on the subject

2. Inferior mesenteric plexus: formation,

branches, areas of innervation.


structures

3. Hypogastric plexus: formation,

branches, areas of innervation.


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 44


Employment: Brachial plexus - short and long branches. The innervation of

the skin, joints and muscles of the upper limb.

Goals: To study the formation and structure of the brachial plexus and its

branches and regions its innervation, topography of the brachial plexus, to study the

future of Angiology, neurology and other clinical disciplines.

Objective:

The student should know: 1. The topography of the anterior and posterior branches of the spinal nerves, the zone

its innervation;

2. Formation and the region of innervation of the branches of the brachial plexus.

To be able to:

3. Find, call, show on the preparates the location, the course of the brachial plexus

and its branches, the interposition with the surrounding tissues and vessels;

4. Precisely localize the region cutaneous innervation of individual nerves.


studying the topic

1. The animal plexus

3. Questions for the class 1. The general laws of the structure, formation and location of the peripheral nerves,

2. The anatomy of the spinal cord and its roots,

3. The anatomy of the spine, the skeleton of the shoulder girdle and upper limb,

4. The anatomy of muscles, fascia, and the topography of the upper limbs and neck.

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. Sources of the brachial plexus as a whole and its individual branches.

2. Anatomy and topography of the brachial plexus in the supraclavicular and axillary

regions.

3. Formation, topography and of innervation of the dorsal nerve of the scapula and

the subclavian nerve.

4. Formation, topography and areas of innervation of the subscapularis and

suprascapular nerves.

5. Formation, topography and the area of innervation of the lateral and medial

pectoral nerves.

6. Formation, topography and the area of innervation of the long thoracic and

thoracodorsal nerves .

7. Formation, topography and the area of innervation of the axillary nerve.

8. Sources of the field and areas of innervation long branches of the brachial plexus.

9. Formation, topography and areas of innervation musculo-cutaneous nerve.

10. Formation, topography and the area of innervation median nerve .

11. Formation, topography and the area of innervation of the ulnar nerve.

12. Formation, topography and the area of innervation of the medial cutaneous nerve

of the arm and forearm.

13. Formation, topography and the area of innervation of the radial nerve.




2013. - 463 с.




















2011








studies

1. Formation, topography and regions of

innervation of the dorsal nerve of the

scapula and the subclavian nerve.


on the subject

2. Formation, topography and regions of

innervation of the suprascapular and

subscapularis nerves.


structures

3. Formation, topography and regions

innervation of the lateral and medial

pectoral nerves


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 45


Employment: Lumbar plexus and its branches. Sacral plexus and its

branches.

Goals: To study the formation, course and topography of the region of

innervation of the lumbar plexus and the sacral plexus, to explore other sections of

anatomy, neurology and other clinical disciplines.

Objective:


1. The topography and region of innervation of the branches of the lumbar plexus.

2. Formation and topography of the branches of the sacral plexus;

3. The topography and the region of innervation of short branches of the sacral

plexus;

4. The topography and region of innervation of the long branches of the sacral plexus;

5. Formation of the branches of the coccygeal plexus and the region its innervation,

anal-coccygeal nerves.

To be able to: 1. Show on preparates branches of the lumbar plexus and areas its innervation;

2. Call and to show on the demonstration corpse the long and short branches of the

sacral and coccyx plexus.

...... 2. Basic concepts that should is assimilable by students in the course of

studying the topic 1. Animal plexus

2. Long and short branches

3. Questions for the class 1. General patterns of distribution of the peripheral nerves,

2. Anatomy of the spinal cord, principles of formation the spinal nerves,

3. Anatomy of the skeleton and muscles of the pelvis.

4. Topography of the lower limb

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. Sources of formation, topography and areas of innervation of the lumbar plexus.

2. Formation, topography and areas of innervation iliohypogastric nerve.

3. Formation, topography and areas of innervation of the ilioinguinal nerve.

4. Formation, topography and area of innervation genitofemoral nerve.

5. Formation, topography and area of innervation of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.

6. Formation, topography and area of innervation of the obturator nerve.

7. Formation, topography and region of innervation of the femoral nerve.

8. Develop, field topography and region of innervation of subcutaneous nerve.

9. Sources of formation, topography and region of innervation of the sacral plexus.

10. Sources of formation, topography and region of innervation of the short branches

of the sacral plexus.

11. Formation,e topography and the area of innervation of the pudendal nerve.

12. Formation, topography and the area of innervation of posterior cutaneous nerve of

the thigh.

13. Formation of the topography and the area of innervation the sciatic nerve.

14. Formation, topography and areas of innervation tibial nerve.

15. Formation, topography and area of innervation of the common peroneal nerve.

16. Formation, topography and area of innervation of sural nerve.

17. Formation, topography and area of innervation of the surface area of peroneal

nerve.

18. Formation, topography and area of innervation of the deep peroneal nerve.

5. Compulsory and supplementary literature on the subject 1.Chaurasia's B. D. Human Anatomy. Regional and Applied. Dissection


Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.





3. Prives M. Human anatomy/ M. Prives, N. Lysenkov , V. Bushkovich

Vol. 1 : The weight-bearing and locomotor system. The science of the viscera.

The science of the organs of internal secretion. -2006. -608 p













I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. Short branches of the sacral plexus 1. Work with educational material

on the subject


structures


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 46


Employment: The report on preparations nerves of the upper limb and lower

limb.

Goals: Fix the received knowledge on topics vessels and nerves of the lower

limb

Objective:


1. Nerve and blood supply of the upper and lower limbs.

To be able to:

1. To find, call, show on the preparation of the location, the topography of the

shoulder and lumbar - sacral plexus and its branches,

2. Precisely localize the region cutaneous innervation of individual nerves.


studying the topic Presented in the respective sections topics

3. Questions for the class Presented in the respective sections topics

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. Sources of formation, topography and regions of innervation of the brachial and

lumbosacral plexus.

2. Sources of and the region of innervation of short branches of the brachial and

lumbosacral plexus.

3. Sources of and the region innervation of the long branches of the brachial and

lumbosacral plexus.

4. Formation and topography of vascular nerve structures of the shoulder, forearm

and hand

5. Formation and topography of vascular nerve structures Boudreau, leg and foot

6. Areas of cutaneous innervation of Zakharyin-Guesde




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

See the corresponding lesson 1. Work with educational material

on the subject


structures


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 47


Employment: parts of the brain. The base of the brain. The cerebral

hemispheres. Localization functions in the cerebral cortex. Skins brain. Topography

cranial nerve roots in the base of the brain. Vessels of base of the brain.

Goals: To study the external structure of the brain, the structure of the medial

surface of the cerebral hemispheres, and gyri of the cerebral hemispheres, the

localization of functions in the cerebral cortex, meninges to apply the knowledge

gained in the study of other sections of anatomy and neurology, neurosurgery,

psychiatry

Objective:

The student should know: 1) The name and location of the formations on the lower surface of the brain and

brain sagittal sawing;

2) Name and place of exit of cranial nerves on the base of the brain;

3) Development of the brain;

4) Lobes and gyri of the cerebral hemispheres;

5) The structure of the cerebral cortex;

6) Localization of functions in the cerebral cortex.

7) Meninges of the brain and space between it;

8) Education and the way the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid;

To be able to:

1) Call, and display on the preparations of the brain on the lower surface and the

sagittal sawing;

2) Call and show sulcus and giruses of the hemispheres.

3) Call and show the cranial nerves and places of its exit on the base of the brain;

4) Show the location on the preparations in the cerebral nuclei analyzers.

5) Call and show on the preparates of the brain meninges and its education.


studying the topic 1. Primary sulcus.

2. The secondary sulcus.

3. Cloak.

4. Cytoarchitectonics.

5. Mieloarchitectonics.

6. The analyzer.

3. Questions for the class 1. Name the parts of the brain.

2. What proportion of the hemispheres do you know?

3. What is the function of each lobe?

4. Between what structures of the brain substance output of each of the 12 pairs of

cranial nerves?

5. Name and intermeningeal space of the brain.

6. White and gray matter of the brain.

7. How the brain supplied with blood?

8. Circle Zakharchenko.

9. Willis circle.

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. The development of the brain.

2. Formations which are on the inferior surface of the brain.

3. Designated of exit the 12 pairs of cranial nerves of the base of brain .

4. Education of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere.

5. Lobules of the hemispheres of the brain, their boundaries.

6. Sulci and gyruses of the superolateral surface of the frontal lobe.

7. Sulci and gyruses of thesuperolateral surface of the parietal and occipital lobes.

8. Sulci and gyruses of the temporal lobe and the island.

9. Sulci and gyruses of the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres.

10. Sulci and gyruses of the inferior surface of the cerebral hemispheres.

11. The concept myeloarchitectonics.

12. The concept cytoarchitectonics.

13. The concept of nuclei analyzers.

14. Nucleuses of analyzers in the frontal lobe.

15. Nucleuses of analyzers in the parietal lobe.

16. Nucleuses of analyzers in the occipital lobe.

17. Nucleuses of wich analyzers located in the temporal lobe?

18. The meninges of the brain.

19. Derivatives of the dura mater of the brain.

20. The sinuses of the dura mater. Their functional significance.

21. Cisterns of subarachnoid space.

22. The spaces between the meninges of the brain and their contents.

23. What are the differences between the meninges of spinal cord and brain.

24. Education and outflow of the cerebrospinal fluid.

25. Vertebral artery and its branches, areas of blood supply.

26. Branches of the basilar artery and areas of blood supply.

27. Parts and branches of the internal carotid artery, areas of blood supply.

28. Circles of the base of the brain.




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development of the brain. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. Meninges and intermeningeal space. 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures

3. The derivatives of meninges. 3. Find the necessary education in

the atlas

4. Vessels base. The blood supply to the

brain.



study of the topic

Lesson number 48


Employment: Rhinencephalon. Fornix. Corpus callosum.

Goals: To study the external structure of the brain, rhinencephalon, the

structure of the fornix and corpus callosum to apply the knowledge gained in the

study of other sections of anatomy and neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and

others.

Objective:

The student should know: 1) Name and location of the rhinencephalon structures.

2) Structure and function of the fornix.

3) Name and location of the structures of the corpus callosum, the function.

To be able to: 1) Call and show on preparations education rhinencephalon;

2) Show on the preparates the location and structures of the fornix and corpus

callosum.


studying the topic 1. The central part of the rhinencephalon.

2. Peripheral sections of the rhinencephalon.

3. Commissural fibers.

4. Projection fibers

3. Questions for the class 1 Rhinencephalon: what structures includes their function.

2. Fornix: anatomical structures, fiber function.

3. The corpus callosum: anatomical structures, fiber function.

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. Education of the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere.

2. Shares of the cerebral hemispheres, the boundaries on the medial surface.

3. The concept myeloarchitectonic.

4. The concept of nuclei analyzers.

5. The n uclei of the olfactory analyzer.

6. Nuclei of what analyzers located in the temporal lobe?

7. What is the function of the corpus callosum?

8. What are fibers included corpus callosum?

9. What fibers are part of the fornix?

10. Appointment of the fornix.




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development of the olfactory brain. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. cortical and subcortical centers of smell 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 49


Employment: The basal nuclei. The internal capsule. Anterior commissure.

The lateral ventricles.

Goals: To study the structure of the basal ganglia, internal capsule, the lateral

ventricles, white matter, to apply the knowledge gained in the study of other sections

of the anatomy and clinical disciplines, such as neurology, neurosurgery.

Objectives:

The student should know: 1) Which of structure relate to the basal nuclei;

2) The topography of the basal ganglia;

3) Structure of the internal capsule and pathways in it;

4) Walls of the parts lateral ventricles;

5) With what communicated lateral ventricles;

To be able to:

1) Call and show on the preparations the basal ganglia of the brain, the lateral

ventricles and their structures.


of studying the topic 1. Striatum.

2. Striopallidar system.

3. Projection fibers.

4. Interventricular foramen

3. Questions for the class 1. Basal nuclei: name, function.

2. The internal capsule: parts, passways.

3. Lateral ventricles: departments, walls and communication.

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. Basal nuclei of the hemispheres, general overview.

2. The nuclei, constituting the striatum.

3. Structure of the the internal capsule, the conductive pathways passing therein.

4. Functions of associative, commissural and projection of the nerve fibers.

5. Walls of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle.

6. Walls of the central part of the lateral ventricle.

7. Walls of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricles.

8. Walls of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle.

9. Formation of the cerebrospinal fluid, the way of its outflow.




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development of the basal ganglia. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. Cerebrospinal fluid: composition,

formation, outflow, function.


structures


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 50


Employment: Diencephalon. The third ventricle.

Goals: To study the structure of the diencephalon, the third ventricle to use the


disciplines, such as neurology, neurosurgery.

Objectives:


1) Parts of the diencephalon and structures related to them;

2) Walls of the third ventricle and its connect;

To be able to:

1) Call and show on preparations the studied structure


studying the topic 1. Thalamencehfalon

2. Thalamus.

3. Epithalamus.

4. Metathalamus.

5. Hypothalamus.

6. Subthalamic region


1. Diencephalon: departments, structures, functions.

2. The third ventricle: walls, connect

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. The boundaries of the diencephalon.

2. Departments diencephalon.

3. The structure, nuclei and functions of the thalamus.

4. Structure and function metathalamus.

5. Structure and function epithalamus.

6. The structures, nucleus and functions of the hypothalamus.

7. Subthalyamic region.

8. Walls of the third ventricle.

9. Communications of the third ventricle.



Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. Development of the diencephalon. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. Ways circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures

3. Epiphysis as the driver of biological

rhythm


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 51


Employment: The midbrain. Isthmus of hindbrain.

Goals: To study the structure of the midbrain, hindbrain isthmus to use the


disciplines, such as neurology, neurosurgery.

Objectives:

The student should know: a) External and internal structure of the midbrain;

b) Structure of the isthmus hindbrain.

To be able to:

a) Call and show preparations to studied the structure;

b) Sketch the scheme the sections of the midbrain at the level superior and inferior

caliculus.


studying the topic 1. Tectum of the midbrain.

2. The cerebral peduncles

2. Tegmentum.

3. The base of the midbrain.

4. The cerebral aqueduct (aqueductus mesencephali)

5. Isthmus hindbrain.

3. Questions for the class 1. Midbrain: boundaries, gray and white matter, function.

2. Isthmus rhombencephalon: structure, function.

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. The boundaries of the midbrain on the ventral surface.

2. The boundaries of the midbrain on the dorsal surface.

3. The structure of the tectum of the midbrain.

4. The structure of the cerebral peduncles.

5. The cavity of the midbrain.

6. The section the midbrain at the level of the superior caliculus of quadrigeminal

lamina.

7. The section the midbrain at the level of the inferior caliculus of quadrigemina

lamina.

8. The white matter of the midbrain.

9. The gray matter of the midbrain.

10. As part of the isthmus rhombencephalon?

11. What is the function of these structures?




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development of the midbrain. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. The functions of the midbrain 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 52


Employment: The hindbrain.

Goals: To study the structure of the hindbrain, to use the knowledge gained in

the study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines.

Objectives:


1) External and internal structure of the cerebellum;

2) External and internal structure of the bridge;

To be able to: 1) Call and show preparations to study the structure and details of their structure;

2) Call and show on preparations education rhomboid fossa and place it on the

projection of nuclei of cranial nerves;


studying the topic 1. Pons.

2. The cerebellum.

3. Rhomboid fossa.

4. The peduncules of the cerebellum.

3. Questions for the class 1. Pons: border, gray and white matter, functions.

2. Cerebellum: border, gray and white matter, functions.

3. Peduncules of the cerebellum: path in each of the peduncules.

4. Cavity hindbrain

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. The boundaries of the hindbrain in the dorsal and ventral surface.

2. The structure of the hindbrain.

3. The external structure of the pons.

4. The internal structure of the pons.

5. The outer structure of the cerebellum.

6. Nuclei of the cerebellum, their topography.

7. The projection nuclei V, VI, VII, VIII pairs of cranial nerves in the rhomboid fossa.

8. What is formed upper cerebellar peduncle, what in they held?

9. What is educated middle cerebellar peduncle, what in they pass?

10. The formed inferior cerebellar peduncle what in they pass?

11. What is cavity of the hindbrain?




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development of the hindbrain. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. Cavity of the hindbrain. 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic

Lesson number 53


Employment: Medulla oblongata. Rhomboid fossa.

Goals: To study the structure of the medulla, fourth ventricle, rhomboid fossa,

to use the knowledge gained in the study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical

disciplines.

Objectives:


1) External and internal structure of the medulla oblongata;

2) Wall of the fourth ventricle and communications with other cavities of the brain;

3) Structure of the rhomboid fossa;

4) Projection of cranial nerve nuclei at rhomboid fossa;

To be able to: 1) Call and show on preparates the studied structure and details of their structure;

2) Call, and show on the preparates the studied structure of the rhomboid fossa and

place it on the projection nuclei of cranial nerves;


studying the topic 1. Decussation of the pyramids.

2. Decussation of the medial lemniscus.

3. Superior medullary velum.

4. Inferior medullary velum.

5. Aperture of the fouth ventricle.

3. Questions for the class 1. Medulla oblongata: boundary, structure, gray and white matter function.

2. Fourth ventricle: walls, communication.

3. Rhomboid fossa: border, contents.

4. Questions for the self-asssessmen 1. External structure of the medulla oblongata.

2. Internal structure of the medulla oblongata.

3. Boundaries of the fourth ventricle, its comunication.

4. Borders and education rhomboid fossa.

5. Projection nuclei V, VI, VII, VIII pairs of cranial nerves in the rhomboid fossa.

The names nuclei, their function.

6. The pattern of distribution of nuclei in the rhomboid fossa.




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development of the medulla

oblongata.


on the subject

2. The pattern of distribution of nuclei in

the rhomboid fossa.


structures


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 54


Employment: Pathways of the brain and spinal cord. Topography of white

and gray matter of the brain in the frontal and sagittal sections.

Goals: To study the course pathways brain and spinal cord to use the

knowledge gained in the study of clinical disciplines, especially neurology and

neurosurgery. Summarize and consolidate their knowledge on the central nervous

system.

Objectives:


1) Classification of the pathways;

2) Place of occurrence and course of neuronal pathways of the brain and spinal cord;

3) the structure of the brain and spinal cord, and the details of their structure;

To be able to: 1) Call and show on preparations structure through which pathways are brain and

spinal cord.

2) Call on the preparations and show the structure of the brain and spinal cord.


studying the topic 1. Exteroceptive ways.

2. Interoceptive way.

3. Proprioceptive way.

4. Extrapyramidal way.

5. Pyramidal pathway.

3. Questions for the class For the assimilation of topics, students should know the development and overall

structure of the brain and spinal cord, part of their structure, localization of functions

in the cerebral cortex, the brain membranes and spinal cord reflex arc structure, be

prepared to answer the following questions:

1. Efferent sensitive way: classification, function, switching places.

2.Efferent, motor pathways: classification, function, switching places.


1. Cassification of the pathways.

2. Lateral spinal thalamic path.

3. The conductive path of touch and pressure.

4. Pathway proprioceptive sensitivity of cortical direction.

5. Posterior spinal cerebellar tract.

6. Front spinal cerebellar path.

7. Crust-nuclear tract

8. The lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts.

9. Extrapyramidal pathways.




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development of the medulla

oblongata.


on the subject

2. The pattern of distribution of nuclei in

the rhomboid fossa.


structures


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 55


Employment: Report on the preparations of the brain and spinal cord

pathways of the CNS.

Goals: To consolidate their knowledge of the anatomy of the brain and spinal

cord pathways of the central nervous system.

Objectives:


1) the structure and function of the brain and spinal cord pathways of the central

nervous system and anatomy of the sense organs.

2) classification of the pathways;

3) the place of occurrence and course of neuronal pathways of the brain and spinal

cord;

4 structure of the brain and spinal cord, and the details of their structure;

5) The meninges and intermeningeal spaces of the brain and spinal cord;

To be able to:

1) Call and show the structure of the brain and spinal cord, the sense organs.

2) Call and show the pathways of the brain and spinal cord.


studying the topic 1. Analyzer.

2. Impulse.

3. Cortex.

4. Cytoarchitectonics.

5. Myeloarchitectonics.

6. 1st Entry System.

7. 2nd Entry System.

8. The limbic system.

9. Segmental apparatus of the spinal cord.

10. The gray matter of the spinal cord.

11. White matter of the spinal cord.

12. The residual cavity of the neural tube.

13. Cerebrospinal fluid.

14. Synapse.

15. Brain vesicels.

16. Reflex arch.

3. Questions for the class Are presented in the respective sections.

4. for the self-asssessment

Are presented in the respective sections.




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

See in the respective sections. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject


structures


the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 56


Employment: Common and external carotid arteries and their branches.

Blood supply of the head and neck.

Goals: To study the topography of the common carotid artery, the course of

the external carotid artery and its branches, and the blood supply to the area, for the

further use of this knowledge in the study of other sections of the anatomy and

clinical disciplines such as Angiology, maxillofacial surgery, dentistry.

Objectives:


1)Topography of the common carotid artery;

2) Topography, area and blood supply to the branches of the external carotid artery.

To be able to:

1) Call and show division and common carotid artery;

2) Call and show of the external carotid artery.


studying the topic 1. Carotid triangle.

2 . Bifurcation of the common carotid artery.

3. Carotid pheochrome body.

4. Brachiocephalic trunk

3. Questions for the class For the assimilation of topics, students should know the laws of the structure and the

branching arteries, anatomy and topography of muscles, fascia of the head and neck,

triangles and pits on his neck, and wall communication infratemporal and pterygopalatine

pits orbit. To prepare the following questions:

1. The aortic arch and its branches.

2. Common carotid artery: the beginning, its branches, topography, areas of blood supply.

3. The external carotid artery: the beginning, its branches, topography, areas of blood

supply.


1. Topography of the common carotid artery.

2. The groups of branches of the external carotid artery, their topography.

3. Facial artery: branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

4. Lingual artery: branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

5. Superior thyroid artery: branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

6. Ascending pharyngeal artery, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

7. Posterior ear artery: the course, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

8. Occipital artery: the course, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

9. Superficial temporal artery: branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

10. Mxillary artery: parts, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development of head and neck

vessels.


on the subject

2. The topography of the common carotid

and its branches.


structures

3. Topography of the neck (repetition) 3. Find the necessary education in

the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 57


Employment: The internal carotid and subclavian arteries and their branches.

The blood supply to the brain and neck.

Goals To study the anatomy of the internal carotid, subclavian arteries, stroke,

and blood supply to the area of their branches to apply the knowledge gained in the

study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines such as dentistry,

neurology, neurosurgery, traumatology.

Objective:

The student should know: 1) the topography of the internal carotid artery;

2) branch of the internal carotid artery in the relevant topographic formations;

3) topography and branches of the subclavian artery, the blood supply to the area of

each branch on a preparation;

4) anastomosis between branches of arteries.

To be able to: 1) to sketch branch of the internal carotid artery;

2) find and to show on preparations the studied arteries and their branches;


studying the topic 1. Brachiocephalic trunk.

2. Sternoclavicular joint.

3. Iinterscalene space.

4. Carotid canal.

5. Willis circle.

6. Circle of Zakharchenko.

3. Questions for the class For the assimilation of topics, students should know the general laws of the structure

and distribution of blood vessels in the body, skull anatomy, functional anatomy of the

brain, anatomy and topography of the muscle and fascia of the chest, as well as to prepare

the following questions:

1. subclavian artery: its topography, beginning, end, departments, branches, areas of blood

supply to.

2. The internal carotid artery: its topography, beginning, end, departments, branches, areas

of blood supply to.

3. The blood supply of the body and brain.


1. The topography of the internal carotid artery and its parts branches.

2. ophthalmic artery: the course, branches, areas of blood supply, anastomoses.

3. List the arteries, forming Velliziev circle.

4. List the arteries, forming a circle of Zakharchenko.

5. Department of the subclavian artery.

6. What are the branches in each department, and they supply blood.

7. What is limited interscalene space?

8. What are anastomoses between the systems of the subclavian and carotid arteries?




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development of the internal carotid

artery.


on the subject

2. Development of the subclavian artery. 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures

3. The variant anatomy of the vessels of

the head.


the atlas

4. Inter-arterial anastomoses of the head

and neck.



study of the topic

Lesson number 58


Employment: Venous outflow from the head and neck. The lymphatic

system of the head and neck.

Goals: To study the formation, course and tributaries of the veins of the head

and neck human lymph flow from the head and neck to apply the knowledge gained

in the study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines such as dentistry,

medicine, surgery, angiology.

Objectives:

The student should know: 1) Topography of the external jugular vein and its tributaries;

2) Topography of the internal jugular vein and its tributaries;

3) Venous outflow from the organs and parts of the head and neck.

4) Lymph outflow from the head and neck lymph node group.

To be able to:

1) called and show on the corpse the outer, inner and front jugular veins and their

tributaries;

2) Shows the main lymph nodes of the head and neck.


studying the topic 1. Formation of the veins.

2. Tributaries veins.

3. Jugular arch.

4. Venous angle

3. Questions for the class For the assimilation of topics, students should know the laws of the structure

and branching veins, structure and topography of the head and neck. The lymph

nodes and vessels of the head and neck, studying the following questions:

1. Intracranial outflow from the head: five tiers veins, communicate with the surface

veins.

2. Extracranial outflow from the head: the formation of internal, external and anterior

jugular veins and their tributaries.

3. The main groups of lymph nodes: superficial and deep.


1. brachiocephalic vein: formation, topography, tributaries.

2. Internal jugular vein: formation, topography, tributaries.

3. Intracranial tributaries of the internal jugular vein.

4. extracranial tributaries of the internal jugular vein: formation, move tributaries.

5. The external jugular vein: formation, topography, tributaries.

6. Anterior jugular vein: formation, topography, tributaries.

7. Inter venous anastomosis of the head and neck.

8. Lymphatic vessels and nodes of the head and neck.



Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. Development of the veins of the head

and neck.


on the subject

2. Distinctive features of the veins and

arteries.


structures

3. Anomalies of the head and neck vessels 3. Find the necessary education in

the atlas



study of the topic

Lesson number 59


Employment: Report on the anatomy of the head and neck vessels.

Goals: To generalize and consolidate their knowledge on the topics: arteries,

veins and lymphatic vessels of the head and neck to apply the knowledge gained in

the study of other sections of the anatomy and clinical disciplines, such as oral

surgery, surgery, internal medicine, hematology.

Objectives:

The student should know: 1) Functions of arterial, venous and lymphatic systems;

2) Structure and patterns of distribution in the body blood vessels, lymph trunks,

ducts, capillaries and nodes;

3) Development, topography and the areas of blood supply of the arteries of the head

and neck.

4) Development, topography, tributaries of the veins of the head and neck.

5) Lymph flow from head and neck;

To be able to:

1) Show and call arteries and their branches;

2) Show and call the veins and their tributaries;

3) Show and call the individual components of the lymphatic system;


studying the topic Are presented in the relevant sections

3. Questions for the class For the assimilation of topics, students should know the laws of the structure and

distribution of arterial, venous and lymphatic vessels of the body, anatomy and

topography of the internal organs of the neck and head, as well as be ready for their

studies 55-58.


1. In wich triangle are common carotid artery and what it is limited?

2. Show the projection of the common carotid artery in the skin of the neck.

3. Show location on the skull of three divisions of the maxillary artery.

4. What are the branches away from the facial artery, that supply blood it?

5. What are the arteries supply blood to the teeth of the upper jaw, their topography?

6. What are the arteries supply blood to the teeth of the lower jaw, their topography?

7. Where can press the external carotid artery at the bleeding, when and why?

8. Name the place of origin of the internal carotid artery.

9. Name the place of origin of the subclavian artery right and left.

10. Name the topographical departments the internal carotid artery?

11. What are the branches away from the internal carotid artery, and what its supply

blood?

12. What branches diverging from the subclavian artery, and what its supply blood?

13. In what artery continuation subclavian artery?

14. Call and show the place of origin of the internal carotid artery.

15. Explain and show on the preparates interposition of the internal and external

carotid artery, vagas, glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerve and internal jugular

vein.

16. Call and show on the preparates parts of the internal carotid artery.

17. What are the branches of the internal carotid artery and explain their topography.

18. What anastomoses exist between the branches of the internal and external carotid

arteries? Where are they located?

19. From wich systems artery receive blood supply the cerebellum and medulla

oblongata?

20. Explain and demonstrate on the preparates topography of the subclavian artery.

21. Call and show on the preparates of various departments of the branch of the

subclavian artery.

22. Name the part of the vertebral artery, explain its topography. Show how it

penetrates into the cranial cavity.

23. What are the artery involved in the formation of arterial circle of the cerebrum?

24. What are the artery involved in the formation of arterial circle Zakharchenko and

they supply blood?

25. What is supplies the internal thoracic artery?

26. What are anastomoses between the branches and thyrocervical trunk and external

carotid artery?

27. What are the main large veins of the head and neck.

28. What is the intracranial tributaries of the internal jugular vein ?

29. What is the dural venous sinuses? What are the sinuses, you know?

30. What is the extracranial tributaries of the internal jugular vein ?

31. How the brachiocephalic veins are formed?

32. What form the superior vena cava?

33. Call and show the inflow of external jugular vein, tell its topography.

34. What are the extra- and intracranial internal jugular vein tributaries.

35. Tell the topography of the internal jugular vein.

36. What are the anastomoses in the internal jugular vein can you name? Show them

the value for the clinic.

37. What do you know about anastomoses of the anterior jugular vein?

38. What are the tributaries brachiocephalic veins.

39. As grouped lymph nodes in the head?

40. What group of lymph nodes in the neck.

41. What are the similarities and differences between the venous and lymphatic

systems?

42. What are the main lymphatic trunks of the lymph flows away from the head and

neck?

43. What are the main groups of lymph nodes of the head.

44. What are the main groups of lymph nodes of the neck

45. Identify the main outflow of lymph from the various organs of the head and neck.




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. Development of the arteries of the head

and neck.


on the subject

2. Development of the veins of the head

and neck.


structures

3. Anomalies of development. 3. Find the necessary education in

the atlas

4. Lymphatic vessels and nodes of the head

and neck.


names

5. Inter arterial anastomoses of the head

and neck.


study of the topic

Lesson number 60


Employment: The organ of vision. Subsidiary organs of the eye. The path of

the visual analyzer. Way pupillary reflex.

Goals: To study the structure of the eye, its auxiliary apparatus, pathways of

the visual analyzer and pupillary reflex to apply the knowledge gained in the study of

other sections of anatomy and neurology, ophthalmology.

Objectives:


1) Formation and pathway of the optic nerve;

2) External and internal structure of the eyeball;

3) Place of occurrence and course of neuronal pathway of the visual analyzer;

4) Place of occurrence and course of neuronal pathway pupillary reflex;

To be able to:

1) Call and show on formulation II pair of cranial nerves;

2) Show the locations studied nerves exit the skull;

3) Called on the preparations and show details of the structure of the eyeball and the

auxiliary apparatus of the eye;

4) Show on preparations structure through which are the pathways of the visual

analyzer and pupillary reflex.


studying the topic 1. Accommodation.

2. Schlemm's canal.

3. Myopia.

4. Hyperopia.

5. Sclera.

6. Cornea.

7. Iris.

8. The ciliary body.

9. Retina.

10. The lens.

11. Vitreous.

12. The chamber of the eye.

13. Ciliary ganglion.

3. Questions for the class 1. The organ of vision: orbit, eyeball, eye subsidiary bodies.

2. The external structure of the eyeball.

3. The internal structure of the eyeball: the kernel, a shell.

4. The auxiliary apparatus: muscles, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctiva, eyelids.

5. Way pupillary reflex.

6. The path of the visual analyzer.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The structure of the eye sockets, her posts.


3. The fibrous sheath of the eyeball.

4. Part uvea. Choroid.

5. The structure of the ciliary body.

6. The structure of the iris.

7. The inner shell of the eyeball.

8. The structure of the lens and vitreous humor.

9. Front and rear chamber of the eye.

10. The process of accommodation.

11. Products and the way the outflow of the aqueous humor of the eye.

12. The subsidiary bodies of the eye.

13. Muscles of the eyeball.

14. Fascia orbit.

15. The structure of the eyelids and eyelashes.

16. The structure of the conjunctiva.

17. The lacrimal apparatus of the eye.

18. The conductive path of the visual analyzer.

19. The conductive path pupillary reflex.




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. Review the structure of the eye socket,

its communicates.


on the subject

2. The development of the organ of vision. 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic

Lesson number 61


Employment: Vestibular-cochlear organ. The outer, middle and inner ear.

Auditory and vestibular analyzers. Formation of the vestibulocochlear nerve.

Goals: To study the structure of the outer, middle and inner ear, to use the


disciplines, such as neurology, otorhinolaryngology, surdology.

Objectives:

The student should know: 1) internal and external structure of the outer ear;

2) the anatomy of the middle ear;

3) the structure of the bone, and the membranous labyrinth;

4) the path of the sound wave;

To be able to:

1) call and how on the preparates details of the structure of the outer, middle and

inner ear;



2. Statokinetic apparatus.

3. The organ of Corti.

4. Subcortical centers of hearing.

5. Cortical center of hearing.


1. The outer ear: pinna, external auditory canal, structure, functions.

2. Middle ear: tympanic cavity, auditory ossicles, muscles, auditory tube, structure,

functions.

3. Inner ear: bony and membranous labyrinth, structure, functions.


1. Structures of vestibular-cochlear organ.

2. The structure of the outer ear.

3. The structure of the external auditory canal.

4. The structure of the eardrum.

5. The walls of the tympanic cavity and the contents of messages.

6. The structure of the auditory ossicles. Joints of the auditory ossicles.

7. The muscles of the tympanum.

8. The structure and function of the auditory tube.

9. The structure of the inner ear.

10. The structure of a bone vestibule.

11. The structure of the cochlea bone.

12. The structure of the bony semicircular canals.

13. The structure of the membranous vestibule and the semicircular canals.

14. The outflow of perilymph.

15. The outflow of endolymph.



Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. Repeat the temporal bone. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. The development of the organ of

hearing.


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic

Lesson number 62


Employment: Report on the anatomy of the sense organs.

Goals: To consolidate their knowledge of the anatomy of the sense organs.

Objectives:

The student should know: 1) the anatomy of the organs of vision, hearing and balance.

2) the way the visual, auditory, vetibulyarnogo analyzers.

To be able to:

1) to call and show the structure through which the path of the visual, auditory and

vestibular analyzers, as well as the pathways of the brain and spinal cord.


of studying the topic 1. Analyzer.

2. Impulse.

3. 1st Entry System.

4. 2nd Entry System.

5. accommodation.

6. Synapse.

7. Reflex arch.

3. Questions for the class Are presented in the relevant sections


Are presented in the relevant sections




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

See In corresponding sections 1. Work with educational material

on the subject


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic

Lesson number 63


Employment: Olfactory organ. I pair of cranial nerves. II, III, IV, VI cranial

nerves.

Goal: Repeat structure of the eye, its auxiliary apparatus, pathways visual and

olfactory analyzers, the course and the area of innervation of I, II, III, IV and YI pairs

of cranial nerves. The knowledge gained can be used in studying other sections of the

anatomy, as well as dentistry, neurology, ophthalmology.

Objectives: The student should know:

1 Formation of related to the organ of smell;

2) Place of occurrence and course of neuronal pathway olfactory analyzer;

3) Formation and the progress of optic nerve;

4) External and internal structure of the eyeball;

5) Place of occurrence and course of neuronal pathway of the visual analyzer;

6) Place of occurrence nuclei, stroke, branches and innervation region III, IV and VI

cranial nerves.

To be able to:

1) Сall and show on preparations I, II, III, IV and VI cranial nerves;

2) Show the exit site of the substances studied nerves of the brain and skull;

3) Call and show on on the preparates and show details of the structure of the eyeball

and the auxiliary apparatus of the eye;

4) Show on preparations structure through which pathways are the olfactory and

visual analyzers.


studying the topic

1. Subcortical centers of view.

2. Cortical center of vision.

3. Cortical centers of smell.

4. Brain stem.

5. Tegmentum.

6. Tectum of the pons

3.Questions for the class 1. The organ of vision. The path of the visual analyzer, the passway of pupillary

reflex (repetition) . The optic nerve.

2. The organ of smell. The path of the olfactory analyzer. The olfactory nerve.

3. Oculomotor nerve: nuclei, its function, location. The path of nerve, innervation

area.

4.Throchlear nerve: nuclei, its function, location. The path of nerve, innervation area.

5. Abducens nerve: nuclei, its function, location. The path of nerve, innervation area.


1. The organ of smell. The conductive path of the olfactory analyzer.


3. The fibrous sheath of the eyeball.

4. Part uvea. Choroid.

5. The structure of the ciliary body.

6. The structure of the iris.

7. The inner shell of the eyeball.

8. The structure of the crystalline lens and vitreous humor.

9. Front and rear chamber of the eye.

10. The process of accommodation.

11. Products and the way the outflow of the aqueous humor of the eye.

12. The subsidiary bodies of the eye.

13. Muscles of the eyeball.

14. Fascia orbit.

15. The structure of the eyelids and eyelashes.

16. The structure of the conjunctiva.

17. The lacrimal apparatus of the eye.

18. The conductive path of the visual analyzer.

19. The conductive path pupillary reflex.

20. Formation, the course of the optic nerve.

21. Formation, course, branches and areas of innervation III pairs of cranial nerves.

22. Formation, progress and areas of innervation IV and VI cranial nerves.

23. The name, the location of the nuclei of cranial nerves III couple.

24. The name, the location of the nuclei IV pairs of cranial nerves.

25. The name, the location of the nuclei VI pairs of cranial nerves.



Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development and the principles of

the structure of the cranial nerves.


on the subject

2. What cranial nerves origin are mixed? 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures

3. Which of the cranial nerves are

developing forebrain?


the atlas


names


study of the topic

Lesson number 64-65


Employment: Trigeminal nerve. Skin Analyzer faces.

Goals: To study the structure of the V pair of cranial nerves, to use the

knowledge gained in the study of other sections of the anatomy and other clinical

disciplines.

Objectives:

The student should know: 1) a place of occurrence of nuclei formation, the process branches of the trigeminal

nerve, the area of innervation.

To be able to:

1) call and show on the preparations of the nucleus, the branches and areas of

innervation V pair of cranial nerves.


studying the topic 1. Gasser's ganglion.

2. Nucleuses.

3. Fibres.

4. Tegmentum of the pons

5. The ventral surface of the brain stem.

6. Trigeminal impression.

3. Questions for the class For the assimilation of topics, students should know the anatomy of the skull

bones, the exit site of the nerves of the brain and the skull, the external and internal

structure of the bridge and the medulla oblongata, the localization of functions in the

cerebral cortex, the anatomical and topographical relationships of the head, as well as

to consider the following questions:

1. Trigeminal nerve: the three branches, topography, areas of innervation.

2. Nuclei of the trigeminal nerve: localization, function.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Formation of the trigeminal nerve and its branches, areas of innervation.

2. Branches and innervation area of the ophtalmic nerve.

3. Describe pass and branches of the maxillary nerve innervation area.

4. Pass infraorbital nerve, innervation area.

5. Pass and area of innervation the zygomatic nerve .

6. Structure of the pterygopalatine fossa, its branches, areas of innervation.

7. Formation of the mandibular nerve.

8. Motor branches of the mandibular nerve, area of innervation .

9. Sensitive branches of the mandibular nerve, area of innervation.

10. Otic ganglion , topography, areas of innervation.

11. Submandibular and sublingual nodes, topography, areas of innervation.



Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. Development of the trigeminal nerve. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. What is formed around the branches of

the trigeminal nerve in the process of

embryonic development as a result of

eviction parasympathetic cells?


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic

Lesson number 66


Employment: Intermediate-facial nerve. The innervation of the facial and

masticatory muscles.

Goals: To study the structure of the VII cranial nerve, to use the knowledge

gained in the study of other branches of anatomy, dentistry and other clinical

disciplines.

Objectives:

The student should know: 1) the place of occurrence nuclei, education, course, branches and areas of

innervation VII pairs of cranial nerves;

To be able to:

1) to call and show on preparations core, branches and innervation area VII cranial

nerves.


studying the topic 1. The intermediate nerve.

2. Facial nerve.

3. Ganglion geniculi

4. The parasympathetic nucleus.

5. The motor nucleus.

6. The sensitive core.

3. Questions for the class For the assimilation of topics, students should know the anatomy of the temporal

bone of the skull, the exit site of the nerves of the brain and the skull, the external and

internal structure of the bridge, the localization of functions in the cerebral cortex, the

anatomical and topographical relationships of the head, as well as to consider the

following questions:

1. VII couple - intermediate-facial nerve: the intermediate nerve, the facial nerve.

2. The name of nuclei, localization, formation, course and intermediate zones of

innervation of the nerve.

3. Name of nuclei, localization, formation, progress and areas of innervation of the facial

nerve.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. The formation of the intermediate nerve.

2. Pass and area of innervation greater petrosal nerve innervation.

3. Pass and area of innervation of chorda tympani.

4. Formation of the facial nerve.




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development of intermediate-facial

nerve.


on the subject

2. Repeat the course of the canal of the

facial nerve (temporal bone) .


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic

Lesson number 67-68


Employment: VIII, IX, X cranial nerves.

Objective: To study the course of VIII pair of cranial nerves, to use the


disciplines, such as neurology, otorhinolaryngology, Surdology.

To study the topography, branches and innervation region IX and X pairs of cranial

nerves, to apply the knowledge gained in the study of other branches of anatomy,

dentistry, neurology.

Objectives:

The student should know: 1) Structure of the organ of hearing, the formation of vestibulocochlear nerve.

2) Name, the nucleus, course, branches and areas of innervation YIII, IX and X pairs

of cranial nerves;

3) Path of the vestibular apparatus, the path of the auditory analyzer.

To be able to: 1) Show on preparations nucleus space out of the brain and the skull YIII, IX and X

pairs of cranial nerves;

2) Show on preparations branches YIII, IX, X pairs of cranial nerves and the area of

their innervation.



2. The nerve impulse.

3. The vestibular node.

4. Cochlear node.

5. Tegmentum of the medulla oblongata.

3. Questions for the class For the assimilation of topics, students should know the development of the

cranial nerves and sensory organs, external and internal structure of the brain and

some of its structures, the anatomy of the skull, anatomical and topographical

relationships of the head, neck, and answer the following questions:

1. Formation, passway, branches and areas of innervation of the accessory nerve.

2. Formation, passway, branches and areas of innervation of the hypoglossal nerve.

3. Formation, passway, and areas of innervation vestibulo-cochlear nerve.


1. The organ of hearing: the outer, middle and inner ear. What structures are part of

each department and what their function is.

2. Vestibulocochlear nerve: formation move.

3. Ways of hearing and vestibular analyzers.

4. Glossopharyngeal nerve: formation, move the zone of innervation.

5. Vagus nerve: formation, move the zone of innervation.

3. Topography of the right and left vagus nerves.

4. The course and the area of innervation of the branches of the cerebral and cervical

vagus nerve.

5. Progress in the area of innervation branches and thoracic and abdominal vagus

nerve.

6. The organ of taste. Path of taste analyzer.



Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. The development of the cranial nerves:

glossopharyngeal, vagus.


on the subject

2. The organ of taste. 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures

3. Repeat the topography of the chest and

abdomen


the atlas


names


study of the topic

Lesson number 69


Employment: Subject: XI, XII pairs of cranial nerves. Taste Analyzer.

Goals: To study the topography, branches and innervation region XI, XII pairs

of cranial nerves, to apply the knowledge gained in the study of other sections of

anatomy and neurology. Summarize and consolidate their knowledge on topics

senses and cranial nerves

Objectives:

The student should know: 1) Name, nucleus course, branches and areas of innervation XI, XII pairs of cranial

nerves;

To be able to: 1) Show on preparations nucleus space out of the brain and the skull XI, XII pairs of

cranial nerves;

2) Show on preparations branches XI, XII pairs of cranial nerves and the area of their

innervation.

3) Find and to show on preparations cervical loop.



2. The nerve impulse.

3. The cervical loop.

4. Tegmentum of the medulla oblongata

3. Questions for the class For the assimilation of topics, students should know the development of the

cranial nerves and sensory organs, external and internal structure of the brain and

some of its structures, the anatomy of the skull, anatomical and topographical

relationships of the head, neck, and answer the following questions:

1. The formation, topography, branches and areas of innervation of the accessory

nerve.

2. The formation, topography, branches and areas of innervation of the hypoglossal

nerve.

4. Questions for the self-asssessment 1. Ways of auditory and vestibular analyzers.

2. The accessory nerve: formation, zone of innervation.

3. Hypoglossal nerve: formation, zone of innervation.




Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

development of cranial nerves: XI, XII

pairs


on the subject


structures


the atlas


names


study of the topic

Lesson number 70


Employment: Cervical plexus. Cervical department of sympathetic trunk.

The parasympathetic ganglia of the head. The innervation of the salivary glands.

Goal: Repeat development, structure, departments, areas of innervation and

function of the autonomic nervous system, to explore other sections of anatomy,

neurology, internal medicine and other clinical disciplines. To study the structure

cervical department of sympathetic trunk and parasympathetic nodes of the head.

Explore the innervation of the lacrimal gland and salivary glands.

Objectives:

The student should know: 1. The structural features of the autonomic nervous system, its centers, reflex arc;

2. The morphological and functional differences between the autonomic nervous

system from somatic;

3. Know the principles of the innervation of the head and neck

4. Structural features of the autonomic nervous system, its centers, reflex arc;

5. Morphological and functional differences between the autonomic nervous system

from somatic;

6. Know the principles of the innervation of the internal organs, head, neck.

7. Know the parasympathetic ganglia of the head.

To be able to: 1) find and show on the corpse and separate preparations main branches and units of

the autonomic nervous system


studying the topic 1. Synapse.

2. preganglionic fibers.

3. postganglionic fibers.

4. Sympathetic node.

5. The sympathetic center.

6. Stellate ganglion

3. Questions for the class For the assimilation of topics, students should know the external and internal structure

of the spinal cord, sympathetic nuclear localization, the process of pre- and postganglionic

fibers, components of the cervical sympathetic trunk and disassemble the questions:

1. Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion: topography, the course of preganlionic and

postganglionic fibers, the zone of innervation.

2. Median cervical sympathetic ganglion: topography, the course of preganlionic and

postganglionic fibers, the zone of innervations.

3. Inferir cervical sympathetic ganglion (Stellate ganglion): topography, the course of

preganlionic and postganglionic fibers, the zone of innervations.

4. Ciliary ganglion: topography, the course preganlionic, postganglionic fibers, the zone of

innervation.

5. Pterygopalatine ganglion: topography, the course preganlionic, postganglionic fibers,

the zone of innervation.

6. Otic ganglion: topography, the course preganlionic, postganglionic fibers, the zone of

innervation.

7. Submandibular ganglion: topography, the course preganlionic, postganglionic fibers,

the zone of innervation.

8. Hypoglossal ganglion: topography, the course preganlionic, postganglionic fibers, the

zone of innervation.

9. The innervation of the salivary glands: sensitive, sympathetic and parasympathetic

fibers.


1. Classification and functions of the autonomic nervous system.

2. Structure of the central section of the nervous system.

3. Structure of the peripheral autonomic nervous system.

4. Reflex arch of the autonomic nervous system.

5. Topography and structure of the sympathetic trunk.

6. Superior cervical sympathetic ganglion: branches, areas of innervation.

7. Middle cervical sympathetic ganglion: branches, areas of innervation.

8. Inferir cervical sympathetic ganglion (Stellate ganglion): branches, areas of

innervation.

9. Central Division of the sympathetic nervous system.

10. Peripheral part of the sympathetic nervous system.

11. Parasympathetic part of the oculomotor nerve.

12. Parasympathetic part of the intermediate nerve.

13. Parasympathetic part of the glossopharyngeal nerve.

14. Parasympathetic part of the vagus nerve.

15. Where to begin preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary site?

16. Where to begin preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ear node?

17. Where to begin preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine site?

18. Where to begin preganglionic parasympathetic fibers for the submandibular

node?

19. Where to begin preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the sublingual site?

20. How is that innervate postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ciliary site?

21. How is that innervate postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the

pterygopalatine site?

22. How is that innervate postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the ear site?

23. How is that innervate postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the

submandibular node?

24. How is that innervate postganglionic parasympathetic fibers from the sublingual

site?

25. Topography, innervation of the lacrimal gland.

26. Topography, innervation of the submandibular gland.

27. Topography, sublingual gland innervation.

28. Topography, innervation of the parotid gland.



Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. Repeat the spinal cord. 1. Work with educational material

on the subject

2. The topography of the sympathetic

trunk.


structures

3. The difference between the sympathetic

and parasympathetic system


the atlas 4. Take notes in a workbook New Latin

names


study of the topic

Lesson number 71-72


Employment: Report on the anatomy and topography of the blood vessels,

nerves, and autonomic ganglia of the head and neck. Repetition of the material. Exam

preparation.

Goals: To generalize and consolidate their knowledge on topics vessels and

nerves of the head and neck.

Objectives:


1) name, the nucleus, topography, branches and areas of innervation of the cranial

nerves;

2) external and internal structure of the organs of vision, smell, taste, hearing, and

balance;

3) pathways of the visual, auditory, vestibular, gustatory, olfactory analyzers;

4) the head and neck vessels

To be able to:

1) The to show on preparations the nucleuses of the cranial nerves, where they exit

from the brain and from the skull ;

2) to show on preparations branches of cranial nerves and the area of their

innervation.

3) find and to show on the preparates structure organ of vision, smell, taste, hearing

and balance.

4) Show the blood vessels of the head and neck



2. Cortical centers.

3. Subcortical centers.

4. Brain stem.

5. Rhomboid fossa.

6. Nuclei.

7. Fibres.

8. Gill arches.

9. Branch.

3. Questions for the class Are presented in the relevant sections


Are presented in the relevant sections



Delhi, 2013. - 463 с.




















I I PhD. 2011








studies

1. Development of blood vessels of the

head.


on the subject

2. Development of the cranial nerves. 2. To learn the Latin names of

structures

3. Development of vascular anomalies. 3. Find the necessary education in

the atlas

4. Abnormalities of the nerves. 4. Take notes in a workbook New Latin

names

5. Organ of vision. 5. Draw the necessary circuits for the

study of the topic

6. Organ of hearing.

7. Olfactory organ.

8. Taste organ.

9. The internal organs of the neck, blood

supply, innervation






SET OF TOOLS

FORCURENT CONTROL OF ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE, INTERIM

AND FINAL ATTESTATION OF STUDENTSIN THE COURSE

(MODULE)

2015

Structure and contents of the section «Assessment tools’ corpus»

1. A plan of competence assessment

Codesofdeveloped

competences

Names of

competence

Stages of competence

development

Assessment

tools

Professional competences

PC -№16

the ability and

willingness to analyze

the patterns of

functioning of

individual organs and

systems, to use the

knowledge of

anatomical and

physiological bases,

the basic techniques of

clinical and

immunological

examination and

evaluation of the

functional state of the

body of an adult and a

teenager for the timely

diagnosis of diseases

and pathological

processes

- knows: -the laws governing the

functioning of individual organs

and systems,

-anatomical and physiological

basis,

-about assessment of the

functional state of the body of an

adult and a teenager for the

timely diagnosis of diseases and

pathological processes;

survey,

monitoring of

studied subjects

(test questions

from 1 to 900),

Score:

3 - (60% -78%)

4 - (79% -88%)

5-(89% -100%),

work with

Internet

resources,

preparation of

multimedia

presentations

- can: -analyze patterns of functioning

of individual organs and systems,

an interview

(Examinations

questions 1-174), Anatomy test for

exsam (1 -118)

Score:

3 - (60% -78%)

4 - (79% -88%)

5-(89% -100%),

evaluation of

manipulation,

Score:

3 - 70%-80%

4 – 80%-90%

5 – 100%

- masters: -the ability and willingness to

analyze the patterns of

functioning of individual organs

and systems, -use knowledge of the anatomical

and physiological bases to assess

the functional state of the body of

an adult and a teenager for the

timely diagnosis of diseases and

pathological processes

clinical problem

solving

2. Assessment tools forcarrying out current control of the academic

performance of students:

- tests; Assignments for the current control of knowledge - the tests are gated, the

solution of which is necessary either to select one or more correct answers from the

offered variants. The purpose of the test control - determine the level of readiness

of students to classroom work. The criterion for a positive evaluation of the test is

to perform 60% of tasks.

Test about osteoiogy and craniology

1. Which of the following bones concern to an axial skeleton?

1. Bones of the skull;

2. Bones of the inferior limb;

3. Bones of a vertebral column;

4. Bones of a thorax;

2. Which from the listed bones concern to an additional skeleton?

1. Bones of a skull;

2. Bones of the upper extremity;

3. Bones of a thorax;

4. Bones of the lower extremity;

3. What is taken into consideration in the classification of bones under M. G. Prives?

1. The form (structure);

2. Function;

3. Age;

4. Development;

4. Specify, which processes are available for vertebrae:

1. Coracoid process;

2. Processus spinosus;

3. Processus coronoideus;

4. Articular process;

5. Through which stages a primary bone passes in its development?

1. Connective tissue;

2. Cartilaginous tissue;

3. Bone tissue;

4. Mixed;

6. Name kinds of osteogenesis:

1. Endesmal;

2. Enchondral;

3. Perichondral;

4. Periostal;

7. Specify, which components are present in a typical vertebrae:

1. Arch;

2. Pedicles;

3. Articular process;

4. Mastoid process;

8. Specify anatomical structures, characterizing cervical vertebrae:

1. Foramen in transverse processes;

2. Bifurcated spinous process;

3. Anterior and posterior tubercles on transverse processes;

4. Foveae costales;

9. Which vertebrae have rudimentary ribs?

1. Cervical vertebrae;

2. Sacrum (sacral vertebrae);

3. Lumbar vertebrae;

4. Thoracic vertebrae;

10. Specify anatomical structures, in reference to thoracic (II-IX) vertebrae:

1. Foveae costales superiores et inferiores;

2. Processus transverso-costarius;

3. Foveae costales processus transverses;

4. Processus mamillares;

11. Specify, which vertebrae have simultaneously full costal facets and half-costal facets on

posterolateral surfaces of a body:

1. I thoracic vertebra;

2. X thoracic vertebra;

3. XI thoracic vertebra;

4. XII thoracic vertebra;

12. Specify, which vertebrae have half-costal facets on posterolateral surfaces of a body:

1. I thoracic vertebra;




13. In which place of a spinal column there is a promontorium?

1. At a level of connection of IV and V lumbar vertebrae;

2. At a level of connection of V lumbar vertebrae with the sacrum;

3. At a level of body of V lumbar vertebrae;

4. At a level of I sacral vertebrae;

14. On which part of the sacrum there is auricular (articular) surface?

1. On dorsal surface;

2. On lateral parts;

3. At a level of jugular notch of a sternum;

4. At a level of the middle of body of a sternum;

15. Specify the location of the angle of sternum:

1. Junction of the manubrium with the body of a sternum;

2. Junction of the manubrium of a sternum with xiphoid process;

3. At a level of jugular notch of the manubrium of a sternum;

4. Ahead of a sternum;

16. Which parts are allocated on each rib?

1. Body;

2. Head;

3. Neck;

4. Arch;

17. Which ribs have no crest on their heads?

1. I rib;

2. X rib;

3. XI rib;

4. XII rib;

18. Which ribs have no articular surface on their tubercles?

1. I rib;

2. X rib;

3. XI rib;

4. XII rib;

19. Where on the first rib the sulcus of a subclavial artery passes?

1. Behind of tubercle of anterior scalene muscle;

2. At the front of tubercle of anterior scalene muscle;

3. On tubercle of anterior scalene muscle;

4. At the front of tubercle of the I rib;

20. Which bones concern to a shoulder girdle?

1. 1st rib;

2. Clavicle;

3. Humerus;

4. Scapula;

21. At which level of ribs does the scapula place?

1. From I to V ribs;

2. From V to X ribs;

3. From II to VII ribs;

4. From VII to XII ribs;

22. Which parts can be distinguished in a scapula?

1. Coracoid process;

2. Tuberculum supraglenidale;

3. Tuberculum infraglenoidale;

4. Cavitas glenoidalis;

23. Where is cavitas glenoidalis for a joint with the humerus located on scapula?

1. On acromion;

2. At the superior angle of scapula;

3. On coracoid process;

4. On lateral angle of scapula;

24. Where on the clavicle is the tuberculum conoideum placed?

1. On the superior surface;

2. On the anterior surface;

3. On the inferior surface;

4. On the posterior surface;

25. Which anatomical structures are located on the proximal end of the humerus?

1. Condylus;

2. Sulcus n. radialis;

3. Caput;

4. Epicondylus lateralis;

26. Specify localization of the sulcus of radial nerve:

1. On posterior surface of the medial epicondyle of the humerus;

2. On posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus;

3. On anterior surface of the humerus below deltoid tuberosity;

4. On posterior surface of the humerus below deltoid tuberosity;

27. Specify localization of the sulcus of ulnar nerve:

1. On posterior surface of the humerus below deltoid tuberosity;

2. On anterior surface of the humerus below deltoid tuberosity;

3. On posterior surface of the medial epicondyle of the humerus;

4. On posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus;

28. Which anatomical structures are located on the distal end of the humerus?

1. Fossa coronoidea;

2. Tuberculum minus;

3. Capitulum;

4. Sulcus intertuberculares;

29. Which anatomical structures are located on the proximal end of the ulna?

1. Caput;

2. Olecranon;

3. Incisura trochlearis;

4. Processus styloideus;

30. Which anatomical structures are located on the proximal end of the radius?

1. Incisura ulnaris;

2. Caput;

3. Collum;

4. Processus styloideus;

31. How is os pisiforme classified under M. G. Prives?

1. Spongy sesamoid;

2. Short spongy;

3. Mixed;

4. Mixed short;

32. Which bones of the wrist are in its proximal row?

1. Os capitatum;

2. Os scaphoideum;

3. Os lunatum;

4. Os triquetrum;

33. Which bones of the upper extremity have articular circumference?

1. Humerus;

2. Ulna;

3. Clavicle;

4. Radius;

34. Which from the listed bones have styloid process?

1. Humerus;

2. Ulna;

3. Radius;

4. Temporal bone;

35. Which bones concern to the pelvic girdle?

1. Sacrum;

2. Pubic bone;

3. Femur;

4. Iliac bone;

36. Which bones take part in formation of acetabulum?

1. Iliac bone;

2. Ischium;

3. Pubic bone;

4. Sacrum;

37. Specify, which bones have an auricular articular surface?

1. Sacrum;

2. Ischium;

3. Pubic bone;

4. Iliac bone;

38. Name the border(s) separating the greater pelvic from the lesser one:

1. Linea arcuata;

2. Pecten ossis pubis;

3. Upper edge of pubic symphysis;

4. Promontorium;

39. Which anatomic structures are located on the proximal end of the femur?

1. Lateral epicondyle;

2. Head;

3. Medial epicondyle;

4. Intercondylar fossa;

40. Which anatomic structures are located on the distal end of the femur?

1. Crista intertrochanterica;

2. Epicondylus medialis;

3. Caput;

4. Facies poplitea;

41. Specify, which bones of the inferior extremity has the malleoluses:

1. Tibia;

2. Talus;

3. Fibula;

4. Calcaneus;

42. Which anatomic structures are placed on distal end of the tibia?

1. Tuberositas tibiae;

2. Malleolus medialis;

3. Malleolus lateralis;

4. Linea m. solei;

43. Which bones of the tarsus form its distal row?

1. Medial cuneiform bone;

2. Navicular bone;

3. Lateral cuneiform bone;

4. Cuboid bone;

44 Which anatomic structures are located on the talus?

1. Head;

2. Sustentaculum tali;

3. Trochlea tali;

4. Sulcus tali;

45. Which anatomic structures are located on the calcaneus?

1. Head;

2. Medial malleolar surface;

3. Tuber calcaneus;

4. Sulcus of the tendon of the long peroneal muscle;

46. Specify the bones forming the brain skull:

1. Frontal bone;

2. Sphenoid bone;

3. Ethmoid bone;

4. Occipital bone;

47. Which anatomical structures form roof of the skull?

1. Squama of temporal bone;

2. Squama of occipital bone;

3. Squama of frontal bone;

4. Parietal bones;

48. What parts are found on the frontal bone?

1. Squama;

2. Corpus;

3. Pars orbitalis;

4. Pars nasalis;

49. Which anatomic structures locate on the external surface of frontal squama?

1. Linea temporalis;

2. Crista frontalis;

3. Incisura ethmoidalis;

4. Glabella;

50. The specific human features in the structure of a frontal bone:

1. Glabella;

2. Arcus superciliares;

3. Tubera frontalia;

4. Incisura supraorbitalis;

51. Specify surfaces, which are available on the body of the sphenoid bone:

1. Facies superior;

2. Facies posterior;

3. Facies anterior;

4. Facies lateralis;

52. Which parts are distinguished on the occipital bone?

1. Pars basilaris;

2. Corpus;

3. Pars lateralis;

4. Squama occipitalis;

53. Which anatomic structures are located on lateral parts of the occipital bone?

1. Sulcus sinus transverse;

2. Canalis hypoglossalis;

3. Processus jugularis;

4. Condylus occipitalis;

54. Which anatomical structures are available on the anterior surface of the pyramid of the

temporal bone?

1. Aperture of the musculotubarius canal;

2. Fossa jugularis;

3. Fossula petrosa;

4. Eminentia arcuata;

55. Which anatomical structures are available on the posterior surface of the pyramid of the

temporal bone?

1. Trigeminal impression;

2. Sulcus of the sigmoid sinus;

3. Porus acusticus internus;

4. Tegmen tympany;

56. Which anatomic structures are available on the inferior surface of the pyramid of the

temporal bone?

1. Fossa subarcuata;

2. Foramen of the tympanic canal;

3. Carotid foramen;

4. Jugular fossa;

57. Which processes does the temporal bone have?

1. Styloid process;

2. Mastoid process;

3. Frontal process;

4. Zygomatic process;

58. Which canals pass through the pyramid of the temporal bone?

1. Canalis opticus;

2. Canalis facialis;

3. Canalis condylaris;

4. Canalis caroticus;

59. Name the inlet aperture of the carotid canal:

1. Foramen caroticum internum;

2. Foramen jugulare;

3. Foramen caroticum externum;

4. Fossula petrosa;

60. Which pars of the temporal bone passes all the three stages of development in the

ontogenesis?

1. Pars petrosa;

2. Pars tympanica;

3. Pars squamosa;

4. Pars cerebralis;

61. Name the outlet opening of the facial canal:

1. Sulcus n. petrosi majoris;

2. Fossa subarcuata;

3. Meatus acusticus internus;

4. Foramen stylomastoideum;

62. Specify the inlet opening of the facial canal:

1. Porus acusticus externus;



4. Foramen caroticum internum;

63. Which parts are found on the ethmoidal bone?

1. Lamina perpendicularis;

2. Lamina orbitalis;

3. Labyrinthus ethmoidale;

4. Lamina cribrosa;

64. Which nasal conchas are processes of the ethmoidal bone?

1. Concha nasalis suprema;

2. Concha nasalis superior;

3. Concha nasalis media;

4. Concha nasalis inferior;

65. Which anatomical structures are available on the ethmoidal bone?

1. Foramen caecum;


3. Crista galli;

4. Sulcus lacrimalis;

66. Which processes does the upper jaw have?

1. Processus palatinus;

2. Processus zygomaticus;

3. Processus alveolaris;

4. Processus frontalis;

67. Which surfaces does the body of the maxilla have?

1. Facies anterior;

2. Facies infratemporalis;

3. Facies nasalis;

4. Facies orbitalis;

68. Specify anatomical structures through which the hiatus maxillaris opens:

1. Meatus nasi superior;

2. Fossa pterygopalatina;

3. Meatus nasi inferior;

4. Meatus nasi medius;

69. The frontal bone of visceral skull takes part in the formation of which cavities?

1. Nasal cavity;

2. Oral cavity;

3. Orbit;

4. Fossa sphenopalatina;

70. Which structures are available on a perpendicular plate of the palatine bone?

1. Sulcus palatinus major;

2. Sinus maxillaris;

3. Crista ethmoidalis;

4. Crista conchalis;

71. Which processes does the palatine bone have?

1. Processus palatinus;

2. Processus orbitalis;

3. Processus sphenoidalis;

4. Processus pyramidalis;

72. Which anatomical structures are available on the lacrimal bone?

1. Sulcus ethmoidalis;

2. Crista lacrimalis posterior;

3. Crista anterior;

4. Processus maxillaris;

73. Which anatomic structures are located on the body of the mandibula?

1. Linea oblique;

2. Fossa pterygopalatina;

3. Fossa digastrica;

4. Linea mylohyoidea;

74. The specific human features in a structure of the mandibula are:

1. Processus condilaris;

2. Protuberantia mentalis;

3. Angulus mandibule is 130-110°;

4. Spinae mentales;

75. Which anatomical structures are seen on the branch of the mandible?

1. Os mentale;


3. Processus condilaris;

4. Lingula mandibulae;

76. Which bones develop from visceral arches?

1. Maxilla;

2. Mandibula;

3. Palatine bone;


77. Which bones concern the bones of a facial skull:

1. Os lacrimale;

2. Vomer;

3. Os occipitale;

4. Os nasale;

78. Which bones take part in formation of anterior cranial fossa?

1. Sphenoid bone;

2. Frontal bone;

3. Parietal bone;

4. Ethmoidal bone;

79. Which bones take part in the formation of middle cranial fossa?

1. Frontal bone;

2. Occipital bone;

3. Sphenoid bone;

4. Temporal bone;

80. Which bones take part in the formation of posterior cranial fossa?

1. Sphenoid bone;

2. Zygomatic bone;

3. Temporal bone;

4. Occipital bone;

81. Which bones limit jugular foramen?

1. Sphenoid bone;

2. Occipital bone;

3. Temporal bone;

4. Parietal bone;

82. Which foramens open at the floor of middle cranial fossa?

1. Fissura orbitalis inferior;


3. Foramen ovale;

4. Fissura orbitalis superior;

83. Which foramens open in the infratemporal fossa?

1. Fissura pterygomaxillaris;



4. Canalis palatinus major;

84. Which bones form pterigopalatine fossa?

1. Os palatinus;

2. Os sphenoidale;

3. Os zygomaticum;

4. Maxilla;

85. With which cavity does the pterigopalatine fossa communicate by means of the foramen rotundum?

1. Cavitas nasi;

2. Fossa cranii media;

3. Fossa digastrica;

4. Orbita;

86. In which anatomic structures does the aperture of the frontal sinus open?

1. Meatus nasi medius;

2. Meatus nasi superior;

3. Fossa cranii anterior;

4. Orbita;

87. Through which opening does the fossa pterygopalatina communicate with the orbit?




4. Foramen sphenopalatinum;

88. Through which opening does the fossa pterygopalatina communicate with a nasal cavity?

1. Foramen ovale;


3. Canalis pterygoideus;


89. Through which foreamen does the fossa pterygopalatina communicate with a middle part of

the external basis of a skull (basis cranii externa)?


2. Foramen ovale;



90. Which bones form the inferior wall of the orbit?

1. Maxilla;

2. Os sphenoidale;

3. Os palatinum;

4. Os zygomaticum;

91. Which bones form the medial wall of the orbit?

1. Os sphenoidale;

2. Os ethmoidale;

3. Os lacrimale;

4. Maxilla;

92. Which bones form the lateral wall of the orbit?

1. Os frontale;

2. Maxilla;

3. Os sphenoidale;

4. Os zygomaticum;

93. Which foramens and canals are available in walls of the orbit?

1. Foramen ethmoidale posterius;

2. Canalis opticus;

3. Canalis nasolacrimalis;


94. Which bones take part in formation of the osteal septum of nose?

1. Os nasale;

2. Vomer;

3. Os lacrimal;

4. Os ethmoidale;

95. Which foramens of paranasal sinuses open in the superior nasal meatus?

1. Apertura sinus frontalis;

2. Apertura sinus sphenoidalis;

3. Cellulae posteriores labirinti ossis ethmoidales;

4. Foramen sphenoalatinum;

96. Which apertures open in middle nasal meatus?

1. Hiatus sinus maxillaris;

2. cellulae anteriores labirinti osus ethmoidalis;

3. Canalis nasolacrimalis;

4. Foramen rotundum;

97. Which bones form the upper wall of the nasal cavity?

1. Os nasale;

2. Pars nasalis os frontale;

3. Lamina cribrosa ossis ethmoidale;

4. Ala minoris os sphenoidale;

98. Which bones take part in formation of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

1. Os lacrimale;

2. Os ethmoidale;

3. Os sphenoidale;

4. Maxilla;

99. Which parts are at the hyoid bone?

1. Corpus;

2. Cornua majora;

3. Cornua minora;

4. Caput;

100. What is typical in a newborn skull?

1. Prevalence of a brain skull above facial one in the ratio 8:1;

2. Air cavities are not developing;

3. Expressiveness of the tubers, crests and lines;

4. Presence of fonticuluses.

№ answer № answer № answer № answer № answer 1. 134 21. 3 41. 13 61. 4 81. 23

2. 24 22. 1234 42. 2 62. 2 82. 34

3. 124 23. 4 43. 1234 63. 1234 83. 13

4. 24 24. 3 44. 134 64. 123 84. 124

5. 13 25. 3 45. 3 65. 3 85. 2

6. 1234 26. 4 46. 1234 66. 1234 86. 1

7. 123 27. 3 47. 1234 67. 1234 87. 1

8. 123 28. 13 48. 134 68. 4 88. 2

9. 1234 29. 23 49. 14 69. 13 89. 3

10. 13 30. 23 50. 123 70. 134 90. 134

11. 1 31. 1 51. 1234 71. 234 91. 1234

12. 12 32. 234 52. 134 72. 2 92. 34

13. 2 33. 24 53. 234 73. 134 93. 123

14. 2 34. 234 54. 4 74. 234 94. 24

15. 1 35. 24 55. 23 75. 234 95. 234

16. 123 36. 123 56. 34 76. 123 96. 12

17. 134 37. 14 57. 124 77. 124 97. 123

18. 34 38. 1234 58. 24 78. 124 98. 1234

19. 1 39. 2 59. 3 79. 34 99. 123

20. 24 40. 24 60. 1 80. 34 100. 124

Test about arthrology

1. Which kinds of synchondroses are distinguished?

1. Temporary;

2. Hyoline;

3. Elastic;

4. Permanent;

2. Which kinds of connections concern to fibrous?

1. Sutures;

2. Gomphosis;

3. Syndesmosis;

4. Interosseus membranes;

3. What are the functions ligaments?

1. Buffer;

2. Strengthen articular capsula;

3. Limit movements in joints;

4. Carry out function of active brakes;

4. Specify obligatory elements of any joint:

1. Aricular cavity;

2. Intraarticular ligaments;

3. Articular capsula;

4. Meniscus;

5. Which from the listed joints concern to uniaxial?

1. Ellipsoid;

2. Cylindrical;

3. Spiral;

4. Trochlear (hinge);

6. Which from the listed joints concern to biaxial?

1. Condylar;

2. Saddle;

3. Plane;

4. Nut-like;

7. Which from the listed joints concern to multiaxial?

1. Cotyloid;

2. Ellipsoid;

3. Plane;

4. Spheroid;

8. Complex joint is joint that has additional structure, which is called:

1. Disc;

2. Cartilaginous lip;

3. Meniscus;

4. Synovial bursa;

9. To which joints (under the form) temporomandibular joint concerns?

1. Trochlear joint;

2. Cotyloid joint;

3. Ellipsoid joint;

4. Plane joint;

10. To which joints (on number of articular surfaces) the temporomandibular joint concerns:

1. False;

2. Compound;

3. Complex;

4. Combined;

11. Which movements are possible in temporomandibular joint?

1. Rotation of the mandible;

2. Lowering and lifting of the mandible;

3. Movement of the mandible to the right and left;

4. Movement of the mandible forward and backward;

12. Which ligaments connect arches of the vertebrae?

1. Lig. flava;

2. Lig. longitudinale anterius;

3. Lig. longitudinale posterius;

4. Lig. nuchae;

13. Specify anatomical structures connecting bodies of the vertebrae?

1. Lig. nuchae;

2. Discus intervertebrolis;

3. Lig. longitudinale anterius;

4. Lig. longitudinale posterius;

14. To which joints (under the form) a median atlantoaxial joint concerns:

1. Hinge joints;

2. Cylindrical joints;

3. Saddle joints;

4. Plane joints;

15. To which joints (on number of articular surfaces) lateral atlantoaxial joint concerns?

1. Combined joints;

2. False joints;

3. Complex joints;

4. Compound joints;

16. Specify anatomic structures, which keep the dens axis in its natural position:

1. Lig. apicis dentis;

2. Membrana tectoria;

3. Lig. transversum atlantis;

4. Membrana atlantooccipitalis posterior;

17. Which movements are possible in the atlantooccipital joint? 1. Flexion and extension;

2. Rotation of the head;

3. Abduction of the head;

4. Adduction of the head;

18. Which movements are possible in median atlantoaxial joint?

1. Flexion and extension;

2. Abduction of the head;

3. Adduction of the head;

4. Rotation;

19. Which functions does the spinal column carry out?

1. Function of the support;

2. Axial function;

3. Protective function;

4. Locomotor function;

20. Which movements are possible in art. zygapophisealis:

1. Flexion;

2. Extension;

3. Adduction and abduction;

4. Rotation;

21. Which anatomical structures form part of an intervertebral disc?

1. Annulus fibrosus;

2. Nucleus pulposus;


4. Ligament;

22. Specify physiological curvatures of a vertebral column:

1. Kyphoscoliosis;

2. Kyphosis;

3. Scoliosis;

4. Lordosis;

23. Specify the forms of a thoracic cage in norm:

1. Cylindrical;

2. Conical;

3. Plane;

4. Convex;

24. The connection of a first rib with sternum is:

1. Synostosis;

2. Syndesmosis;

3. Symphysis;

4. Synchondrosis;

25. To which joints (on number of articular surfaces) the costovertebral joints concern:

1. Compound joints;

2. Combined joints;

3. False joints;

4. Complex joints;

26. Which joints (under the form) are between the true ribs (II-IV) and sternum? 1. Cylindrical;

2. Plane;

3. Trochlear;

4. Spheroid;

27. Which joints are formed at connections of ribs with vertebrae?

1. Joint of the neck of a rib;

2. Joint of the tubercle of a rib;

3. Joint of the head of a rib;

4. Costotransversal;

28. Specify anatomical structures belonging to sternoclavicular joint:

1. Sternal end of a clavicle;

2. Incisura jugularis of the sternum;

3. Articular disc;


29. To which joints (on number of articular surfaces) the sternoclavicle joint concerns?

1. False joints;

2. Compound joints;

3. Confracted joints;

4. Complex joints;

30. To which joints (under the form) the sternoclavicle joint concerns?

1. Ball-and-socket joints;

2. Hinge joints;

3. Saddle joints;


31. What movements are possible in sternoclavicle joint?

1. Lifting and lowering of clavicle;

2. Forward and backward movement of clavicle;

3. Movement of clavicle in medial and lateral direction;

4. Circular movement;

32. To which joints (under the form) the acromioclavicular joint concerns?

1. Spheroid joints;

2. Plane joints;

3. Saddle joints;

4. Hinge joints;

33. Which ligaments are own ligaments of a scapula:

1. Lig. coracoacromiale;

2. Lig. transversum scapulae superius;

3. Lig. transversum scapulae inferius;

4. Lig. coracoclaviculare;

34. Which ligaments belong to the acromioclavicular joint?


2. Lig. transversum scapulae superius;

3. Lig. acromioclaviculare;


35. To which joints (on a number of articular surfaces) the shoulder joint belong? 1. Compound joints;

2. Simple joints;

3. Combined joints;

4. Complex joints;

36. To which joints (under the form) the shoulder joint concerns?

1. Spheroid joints;

2. Saddle joints;

3. Condilar joints;


37. Which ligaments are available for a shoulder joint?



3. Lig. transversum scapulae inferius;

4. Lig. coracohumerale;

38. Which movements are possible in a shoulder joint?



3. Rotation of a shoulder;


39. To which joints (on a number of articular surfaces) the elbow joint concerns?

1. Simple joints;

2. Complex joints;

3. Compound joints;

4. Condilar joints;

40. To which joints (under the form) the humeroulnar joint concerns?

1. Spheroid joints;

2. Hinge joints;

3. Plane joints;


41. To which joints (under the form) the humeroradial joint concerns?

1. Spheroid joints;

2. Hinge joints;


4. Saddle joints;

42. To which joints (under the form) the proximal radioulnar joint concerns?

1. Plane joints;

2. Hinge joints;

3. Saddle joints;


43. Which ligaments concern to elbow joint?

1. Lig. collaterale radiale;

2. Lig. collaterale ulnare;

3. Lig. anulare radii;

4. Lig. teres;

44. Which movements are possible in elbow joint? 1. Adduction and abduction of a humerus;

2. Flexion and extension of forearm;

3. Rotation of a radius;


45. To which joints (under the form) the distal radioulnar joint concerns?

1. Hinge joints;

2. Plane joints;


4. Spheroid joints;

46. To which joints (on a number of articular surfaces) the distal radioulnar joint concerns?

1. Complex joints;

2. Compound joints;

3. Combined joints;

4. False joints;

47. Which bones take part in formation of radiocarpal joint?

1. Pisiform bone;

2. Triquetral bone;

3. Scaphoid bone;

4. Radius;

48. Which ligaments strengthen a radiocarpal joint?

1. Lig. radiocarpeum dorsale;

2. Lig. radiocarpeum palmare;

3. Lig. collaterale carpi radiale;

4. Lig. collaterale carpi ulnare;

49. To which joints (on a number of articular surfaces) radiocarpal joint belongs?

1. Complex joints;

2. Compound joints;

3. Simple joints;

4. Combined joints;

50. Which movements are possible in radiocarpal joint?

1. Rotation of a radius;

2. Rotation of an ulna;

3. Flexion and extension of the wrist;

4. Adduction and abduction of the wrist;

51. Which bones take part in formation of the midcarpal joint?

1. Scaphoid bone;

2. Capitate bone;

3. Pisiform bone;

4. Hamate bone;

52. To which joints (on number of articular surfaces) the midcarpal joint concerns:

1. Simple joints;

2. Complex joints;

3. Combined joints;

4. Compound joints;

53. Which bones take part in formation of a joint of pisiform bone? 1. Pisiform bone;

2. Ulna;

3. Triquetral bone;

4. Trapezium bone;

54. To which joints (under the form) the carpo-metacarpal joints concern?

1. Condilar joints;

2. Ellipsoid joints;

3. Plane joints;

4. Hinge joints;

55. To which joints (under the form) the carpo-metacarpal joint of the big finger of the hand

concerns?


2. Saddle joints;


4. Spheroid joints;

56. To which joints (under the form) the metcarpo-phalangeal joints (II-V) concern?

1. Saddle joints;

2. Plane joints;

3. Spheroid joints;


57. To which joints (under the form) the interphalangeal joints of a hand concern?


2. Spheroid joints;

3. Hinge joints;

4. Plane joints;

58. Which joints of the lower extremity are uniaxial:

1. Art. sacroiliaca;

2. Art. genus;

3. Art. subtalaris;

4. Artt. interphalangeales pedis;

59. Which joints of the lower extremity are biaxial:

1. Art. tibiofibularis;

2. Art. coxae;

3. Art. subtalaris;

4. Art. genus;

60. Which joints of the lower extremity are multiaxial:

1. Art. coxae;

2. Art. genus;

3. Art. talocruralis;

4. Art. calcaneocuboidea;

61. What is/are absent at pubic symphysis?

1. Articular cavity;


3. Cartilaginous disc;

4. Intraarticular ligaments;

62. Whch ligaments strengthen pubic symphysis: 1. Lig. pubofemorale;

2. Lig. arcuatum pubis;

3. Lig. pubicum superius;

4. Lig. pubicum inferius;

63. To which joints (under the form) the sacroiliac joint concerns?

1. Plane joints;

2. Saddle joints;


4. Condilar joints;

64. Which ligaments are own ligaments of a pelvis:

1. Lig. sacrotuberale;

2. Ligg. sacroiliaca;

3. Lig. sacrospinale;

4. Lig. iliolumbale;

65. Specify ligaments, strengthening a sacroiliac joint:

1. Membrana obturatoria;

2. Lig. sacroiliaca dorsale;

3. Lig. sacroiliaca interossea;

4. Lig. inguinale;

66. Specify, which anatomic structures limit a lesser sciatic aperture?

1. Lesser sciatic notch;

2. Greater sciatic notch;

3. Sacrotuberal ligament;

4. Sacrospine ligament;

67. Specify, what from listed ligaments is strongest in a hip joint:

1. Lig. pubofemorale;

2. Lig. ischiofemorale;

3. Lig. capitis femoris;

4. Lig. iliofemorale;

68. To which joints (under the form) the hip joint concerns?

1. Cotyloid (spheroid) joints;

2. Saddle joints;

3. Hinge joints;


69. Specify intraarticular ligaments of hip joint:

1. Lig. iliofemorale;

2. Zona orbicularis;

3. Lig. transversum acetabuli;


70. Specify extraarticular ligaments of hip joint:

1. Lig. ischiofemorale;


3. Lig. transversum acetabuli;


71. Which ligaments do not belong to a hip joint? 1. Lig. sacrotuberale;

2. Lig. inguinale;



72. Which movements are possible in hip joint?

1. Circular movements;

2. Rotation of the head of a femur;



73. Specify the bones taking part in formation of a knee joint:

1. Fibula;

2. Tibia;

3. Femur;

4. Patella;

74. Which movements are possible in a knee joint?




4. Rotation;

75. Specify intraarticular structures of a knee joint:

1. Lig. popliteum arcuatum;

2. Lig. popliteum obliquum;

3. Lig. transversum genus;

4. Meniscus;

76. Name ligaments of a knee joint:


2. Lig. cruciatum anterius;

3. Lig. cruciatum posterius;


77. Specify extraaricular ligaments of a knee joint:



3. Lig. popliteum arcuatum;

4. Lig. cruciatum posterius;

78. Specify synovial bursae belonging to a knee joint:

1. Bursa suprapatellaris;

2. Bursa infrapatellaris profunda;

3. Bursa prepatellaris subcutanea;

4. Bursa subtendinea prepatellaris;

79. Which functions cruciform ligaments of a knee joint carry out?

1. Brake flexion;

2. Brake extension;

3. Brake and limit pronation;

4. Brake and limit supination;

80. Which function do the meniscuses of knee joint carry out? 1. Increase the congruence of articular surfaces;

2. Improve a biomechanics of the joint;

3. Divide the cavity of the joint;

4. Ammortisation at locomotion;

81. To which joints (under the form) the talocrural joint concerns?

1. Saddle joints;

2. Spheroid joints;

3. Condilar joints;

4. Hinge joints;

82. Which bones participate in formation of a talocrural joint:

1. Calcaneus;

2. Tibia;

3. Fibula;

4. Talus;

83. Which movements are possible in a talocrural joint?

1. Supination and pronation;

2. Rotation;



84. Which bones participate in formation of a talocalcaneonavicular joint?

1. Calcaneus;

2. Talus;

3. Navicular bone;

4. Sustentaculum tali;

85. Specify places of attachment of the medial (deltoid) ligament:

1. Navicular bone;

2. Cuboid bone;

3. Talus;

4. Calcaneus;

86. Which bones take part in formation subtalar joint?

1. Talus;

2. Navicular bone;

3. Tibia;

4. Calcaneus;

87. To which joints (under the form) the talocalcaneonavicular joint concerns?

1. Plane joints;

2. Saddle joints;

3. Condilar joints;

4. Spheroid joints;

88. The Lisfranc’s joint is:

1. Art. subtalaris;

2. Art. calcaneocuboideus;

3. Art. tarsometatarseus;

4. Art. metatarsophalangeus;

89. Specify places of attachment of the anterior talofibular ligament: 1. Cuboid bone;

2. External surface of lateral malleolus;

3. Neck of the talus;

4. Internal surface of lateral malleolus;

90. Which ligament is strongest on the foot?

1. Lig. plantare longum;

2. Lig. calcaneocuboideum plantare;

3. Lig. talonaviculare;

4. Lig. bifurcatum;

91. Which joints take part in formation of transverse joint of tarsus (Chopart’s joint)?

1. Art. calcaneocuboidea;

2. Art. subtalaris;

3. Art. cuneonavicularis;

4. Art. talonaviculare;

92. Which ligaments strengthen transverse joint of tarsus?


2. Lig. calcaneonaviculare;

3. Lig. calcaneocuboideum;

4. Lig. calcaneonaviculare plantare;

93. Of which ligaments the bifurcated ligament consists?

1. Lig. calcaneonaviculare;

2. Lig. calcaneocuboideum;


4. Lig. talocalcaneum interosseum;

94. Specify places of attachment of calcaneo-fibular ligament:

1. Internal surface of a calcaneus;

2. Lateral malleolus;

3. Collum tali;

4. External surface of a calcaneus;

95. To which joints (on a number of articular surfaces) the cuneonavicular joint concerns?

1. Simple joints;

2. Compound joints;

3. Complex joints;

4. Combined joints;

96. To which joints (under the form) the tarsometatarsal joints concern?

1. Plane joints;

2. Spheroid joints;

3. Saddle joints;


97. Which bones take part in formation of tarsometatarsal joints?

1. Cuboid bone;

2. Navicular bone;

3. Cuneiform bones;

4. Metatarsal bones;

98. To which joints (under the form) the metatarsophalangeal joints concern? 1. Saddle joints;


3. Hinge joints;

4. Plane joints;

99. To which joints (under the form) the interphalangeal joints of foot concern:


2. Spheroid joints;

3. Hinge joints;

4. Plane joints;

100. Name the structure where the bifurcated ligament begins:

1. Dorsal surface of the talus;

2. Lateral malleolus;

3. Superior edge of a calcaneus;

4. Medial malleolus;

101. The continuous connections at newborns are submitted mainly by:

1. Syndesmoses;

2. Synchondroses;

3. Synostoses;

4. Symphyses;

102. In newborns, there are following kinds of syndesmoses:

1. Sutures;

2. Membrane;

3. Gomphosis;

4. Ligaments;

103. The joints of newborns are characterized:

1. Thin articular capsula;

2. Cartilaginous epiphysises of bones;

3. Absence of articular cavity;

4. Ligaments are not well developed;

104. In six years old child there are curvatures of a vertebral column:

1. Thoracic kyphosis;

2. Cervical lordosis;

3. Lumbar lordosis;

4. Scoliosis.

105. The shape of the chest in newborn is:

1. Cylindrical;

2. Conic;

3. Plate;

4. Bell-shaped;

106. The volume of the movements in joints depends from:

1. Blood supply of a joint;

2. Quantity of the synovial bursae;

3. Degree of the development of ligaments;

4. Muscles;

107. The pubic connection in newborn is: 1. Symphisis;

2. Synchondrosis;

3. Syndesmosis;

4. Synostosis;

108. In the hip joint of a newborn the most developed ligament is:

1. Lig. Pubofemoralis;

2. Lig. Iliofemoralis;

3. Lig. Ischiofemoralis;


109. The displacements in hip joint in newborns are due to:

1. Flattened acetabulum;

2. Un-congruence of caput femoris and acetabulum;

3. Not-developing of the ligaments;

4. Short lig. caitis femoris;

110. The cruciate ligaments of the knee joint in newborn brake:

1. Pronation;

2. Supination;

3. Flexion;

4. Extension.


2. 1234 24. 4 46. 3 68. 1 90. 1

3. 23 25. 2 47. 234 69. 34 91. 14

4. 13 26. 2 48. 1234 70. 14 92. 1234

5. 234 27. 34 49. 2 71. 12 93. 12

6. 12 28. 134 50. 34 72. 1234 94. 24

7. 134 29. 4 51. 124 73. 234 95. 2

8. 13 30. 3 52. 4 74. 14 96. 1

9. 3 31. 124 53. 13 75. 34 97. 134

10. 34 32. 2 54. 3 76. 1234 98. 2

11. 1234 33. 123 55. 2 77. 23 99. 3

12. 1 34. 34 56. 4 78. 1234 100. 3

13. 234 35. 2 57. 3 79. 3 101. 12

14. 2 36. 1 58. 34 80. 124 102. 24

15. 1 37. 4 59. 4 81. 4 103. 124

16. 3 38. 1234 60. 1 82. 234 104. 12

17. 134 39. 3 61. 124 83. 3 105. 4

18. 4 40. 2 62. 23 84. 1234 106. 34

19. 1234 41. 1 63. 1 85. 134 107. 2

20. 1234 42. 4 64. 13 86. 14 108. 2

21. 12 43. 123 65. 23 87. 4 109. 123

22. 24 44. 23 66. 134 88. 3 110. 14

Test about myology

1. Specify functions, which skeletal muscles carry out:

1. Keep a body in balance;

2. Form a mimicry;

3. Perform respiratory movements;

4. Perform swallowing movements;

2. Specify components of striated muscles:

1. Venter;

2. Cauda;

3. Caput;

4. Tendo;

3. What anatomic structures are parts of the auxiliary device of muscles?

1. Bursae synoviales;

2. Vaginae synoviales tendinum;

3. Ossa sesamoideae;

4. Retinaculum musculorum;

4. Specify the muscles belonging to superficial muscles of a back:

1. M. serratus posterior superior;

2. M. serratus posterior inferior;

3. M. erector spinae;

4. M. rhomboideus;

5. To what bones the trapezoid muscle is attached:

1. Extremitus acromialis of a clavicle;

2. Processus coracoideus of a scapula;

3. Acromion of a scapula;

4. Spina scapulae;

6. On what bones the m. latissimus dorsi originates:

1. Processus spinosus vertebrae thoracicae inferiores;

2. Processus spinosus vertebrae lumbales;

3. Crista iliaca;

4. 3-4 costae inferiores;

7. To what bone structure the m. latissimus dorsi attaches:

1. Spina scapulae;

2. Crista tuberculi minoris;

3. Acromion;

4. Crista tuberculi majoris;

8. What functions m. latissimus dorsi performs?

1. Adduction of a shoulder;

2. Supination;

3. Abduction of a shoulder;

4. Pronation;

9. To what bone structure the m. rhomboideus is attached:

1. Angulus costae II-V;

2. Margo superior scapulae;

3. Margo medialis scapulae;

4. Margo lateralis scapulae;

10. How the m. erector spinae is divided:

1. M. iliocostalis;

2. M. longissimus;

3. M. transversospinalis;

4. M. spinalis;

11. On which parts the m. transversospinalis is divided:

1. M. spinalis;

2. Mm. rotatores;

3. Mm. multifidi;

4. M. semispinalis;

12. What muscles belong to deep muscles of a back?

1. Mm. levator scapulae;

2. M. splenius capitis et cervicis;

3. M. transversospinalis;

4. M. latissimus dorsi;

13. To what bone structure the m. pectoralis major is attached:

1. Crista tuberculi minoris humeri;

2. Crista tuberculi majoris humeri;

3. Processus coracoideus scapulae;

4. Margo medialis scapulae;

14. On what bones the m. pectoralis minor originates:

1. I-II costae;

2. VI-VIII costae;

3. II-V costae;

4. Sternum;

15. What parts according to the place of the origin allocate in m. phrenicus:

1. Pars sternalis;

2. Pars thoracica;

3. Pars lumbalis;

4. Pars costalis;

16. What muscles form an abdominal pressure (prelum abdominale)?

1. M. rectus abdominis;

2. M. obliquus internus abdominis;

3. M. psoas major;

4. M. transversus abdominis;

17. What muscles promote expansion of a thorax?

1. M. pectoralis major;

2. Mm. intercosnales externi;

3. M. pectoralis minor;

4. M. serrutus anterior;

18. On what structures the m. obliquus internus obdominis originates:

1. Crista iliaca;

2. Os pubis;

3. Ligumentum inguinale;

4. Fascia thoracolumbalis;

19. Specify functions of the diaphragm:

1. Respiratory muscle;

2. Muscle of the abdominal pressure;

3. Flexion of a vertebral column;

4. Extension of a vertebral column;

20. Specify, what muscles the fascia subperitonealis covers:

1. M. phrenicus;

2. M. psoas;

3. M. iliacus;


21. What anatomic structures participate in formation of the posterior wall of a vagina of the

rectus muscle of abdomen above umbilicus?

1. Ligamentum inguinale;

2. Aponeurosis m. obliqui interni abdominis;

3. Aponeurosis m. obliqui externi abdominis;

4. Fascia transversalis;

22. Specify, what anatomic structures participate in formation of anterior wall of a vagina of the

rectus muscle of abdomen below umbilicus:


2. Aponeurosis m. transversi abdominis;

3. Aponeurosis m. obliqui externi abdominis;

4. Aponeurosis m. obliqui interni abdominis;

23. Specify the structures participating in formation of walls of the inguinal canal:

1. M. obliquus internus abdominis;



4. Lig. inguinale;

24. What anatomic structure corresponds to a deep inguinal ring:

1. Fossa inguinalis medialis;

2. Fossa supravesicalis;

3. Fossa inguinalis lateralis;

4. Lacuna vasorum;

25. Specify the structures participating in formation of superficial inguinal ring:

1. Lig. inguinale;

2. Lig. reflexum;

3. Lig. pectineale;

4. Fibrae intercrurales;

26. Specify functions which m. sternocleidomastoideus carry out at unilateral and at bilaterial

contraction:

1. Inclination of a head in the its side;

2. Inclination of a head forward;

3. Pulling of head backward;

4. Auxiliary respiratory muscle;

27. Specify muscles situating above the hyoid bone:

1. M. mylohyoideus;

2. M. digastricus;

3. M. stylohyoideus;

4. M. thyrohyoideus;

28. Specify muscles placing below a hyoid bone:

1. M. sternohyoideus;

2. M. omohyoideus;


4. M. sternothyroideus;

29. What structures limit a trigonum caroticum?

1. M. omohyoideus;

2. M. digastricus;

3. Mandibula;

4. M. sternocleidomastoideus;

30. What structure limits a trigonum submandibulare:


2. M. mylohyoideus;

3. Glandula submandibularis;

4. M. digastricus;

31. Specify muscles which extense a cervical part of the vertebral column:

1. M. splenius capitis at bilateral reduction;

2. M. splenius cervicis at bilateral reduction;

3. M. sternocleidomastoideus at bilateral reduction;

4. M. semispinalis at bilateral reduction;

32. Specify functions, which the m. platisma performs:

1. Protects subcutaneus veins from squeezing;

2. Lowers the mandibula;

3. Delays an angle of a mouth from top to bottom;

4. Pulls upwards a thorax;

33. What features of a structure and topography of mimic muscles?

1. Places superficially, under a skin;

2. Not covered by fascia subcutaneously;

3. Concentrated around of apertures of a skull;

4. Attached to a skin;

34. On the basis of what structure chewing muscles develop:

1. Myotome of the cervical somites;

2. Mesenchima of 1st visceral arch;

3. Mesenchima of 2nd visceral arch;

4. Mesenchima of 3rd and 4th visceral arches;

35. Specify features of a structure and the functions peculiar to chewing muscles:

1. They are attached to the mandibula;

2. Operate on temporomandibular joint;

3. They are concentrated around of apertures of a skull;

4. Reflect internal, sincere status;

36. Name parts of an m. orbicularis oculi:

1. Pars palpebralis;

2. Pars orbitalis;

3. Pars nasalis;

4. Pars lacrimalis;

37. On what bones m. masseter begins:

1. Processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis;

2. Arcus zygomaticus;


2. M. omohyoideus;



29. What structures limit a trigonum caroticum?

1. M. omohyoideus;

2. M. digastricus;

3. Mandibula;


30. What structure limits a trigonum submandibulare:


2. M. mylohyoideus;

3. Glandula submandibularis;

4. M. digastricus;

31. Specify muscles which extense a cervical part of the vertebral column:

1. M. splenius capitis at bilateral reduction;

2. M. splenius cervicis at bilateral reduction;

3. M. sternocleidomastoideus at bilateral reduction;

4. M. semispinalis at bilateral reduction;

32. Specify functions, which the m. platisma performs:

1. Protects subcutaneus veins from squeezing;

2. Lowers the mandibula;

3. Delays an angle of a mouth from top to bottom;

4. Pulls upwards a thorax;

33. What features of a structure and topography of mimic muscles?

1. Places superficially, under a skin;

2. Not covered by fascia subcutaneously;

3. Concentrated around of apertures of a skull;

4. Attached to a skin;

34. On the basis of what structure chewing muscles develop:

1. Myotome of the cervical somites;

2. Mesenchima of 1st visceral arch;

3. Mesenchima of 2nd visceral arch;

4. Mesenchima of 3rd and 4th visceral arches;

35. Specify features of a structure and the functions peculiar to chewing muscles:

1. They are attached to the mandibula;

2. Operate on temporomandibular joint;

3. They are concentrated around of apertures of a skull;

4. Reflect internal, sincere status;

36. Name parts of an m. orbicularis oculi:

1. Pars palpebralis;

2. Pars orbitalis;

3. Pars nasalis;

4. Pars lacrimalis;

37. On what bones m. masseter begins:

1. Processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis;

2. Arcus zygomaticus;

3. Os zygomaticum;

4. Processus abveolaris maxillae;

38. To what bone structure the temporal muscle is attached:

1. Facies externa anguli mandibulae;

2. Facies interna anguli mandibulae;

3. Collum mandibulae processus condylaris;


39. Specify anatomic structures to which the lateral pterygoid muscle is attached:

1. Facies interna anguli mandibulae;

2. Discus articularis art. temporomandibularis;

3. Processus coronoideus mandibulae;

4. Collum mandibulae;

40. Specify parts of a deltoid muscle:

1. Pars clavicularis;

2. Pars acromialis;

3. Pars coracoideus;

4. Pars scapularis;

41. Specify muscles, which approach scapula to a vertebral column:


2. M. trapezius;

3. M. levator scapulae;

4. M. rhomboideus;

42. Specify muscles lifting a scapula:

1. M. rhomboideus;



4. M. trapezius;

43. To what bone structure the teres major muscle is attached:

1. Acromion;

2. Tuberculum majus humeri;

3. Crista tuberculi majoris;

4. Crista tuberculi minoris;

44. Specify muscles, which rotate a shoulder externally:

1. M. infraspinatus;

2. M. supraspinatus;

3. M. teres major;

4. M. teres minor;

45. Specify muscles, which rotate a shoulder inside:

1. M. subscapularis;

2. M. teres minor;

3. M. teres major;

4. M. infraspinatus;

46. What muscles flex a shoulder?

1. M. brachialis;

2. M. coracobrachialis;

3. M. biceps brachii;

4. M. teres major;

47. What muscles take part in extension a shoulder?

1. M. deltoideus;



4. M. triceps brachii;

48. Specify the topographical structures available on a forward wall of an axillary cavity:

1. Trigonum clavipectorale;

2. Foramen trilaterum;

3. Trigonum pectorale;

4. Trigonum subpectorale;

49. What anatomic structures limit a foramen trilaterum in the area of an axillary cavity?


2. Humerus;

3. M. teres major;


50. Specify the structures forming walls of the canal of a radial nerve:


2. Sulcus nervi radialis;


4. M. brachioradialis;

51. For what finger of a hand the common synovial vagina does not interrupt on the middle of a

palm:

1. 5-th finger (digitus minimus)

2. 4-th finger (digitus annularis)

3. 3-rd finger (digitus medius)

4. 2-nd finger (index)

52. To what bone formation the brachial muscle is attached:

1. Tuberositas radii;

2. Epicondylus medialis humeri;

3. Epicondylus lateralis humeri;

4. Tuberositas ulnae;

53. From what bone structures the m. triceps brachii begins:

1. Tuberculum majus humeri;

2. Facies posterior humeri;

3. Septum intermusculare brachii laterale;

4. Tuberculum infraglenoidale;

54. Specify the muscles of a shoulder working on elbow joint:

1. M. biceps brachii;

2. M. coracobrachias;

3. M. brachialis;


55. Specify functions, which are carried out by triceps brachii muscle:

1. Pronation of a shoulder;

2. Extension of a forearm;

3. Extension of a shoulder;

4. Supination of a shoulder;

56. Specify the muscles forming a superficial layer of anterior group of muscles of a forearm:

1. M. flexor digitorum superficialis;

2. M. flexor carpi ulnaris;

3. M. pronator teres;

4. M. flexor carpi radialis;

57. From what bone structures the m. pronator teres begins:

1. Epicondylus medialis humeri;

2. Epicondylus lateralis humeri;

3. Tuberositas ulnae;

4. Processus coronoideus ulnae;

58. To what bones the m. flexor digitorum superficialis is attached:

1. Phalanx proximalis of 2-5 digitae;

2. Phalanx distalis of 2-5 digitae;

3. Phalanx media of 2-5 digitae;

4. 2-5 ossa metacarpalia;

59. Specify muscles of a deep layer of an anterior surface of a forearm:

1. M. flexor digitorum profundus;


3. M. flexor pollicis longus;


60. What muscles are part of posterior group of muscles of a forearm:


2. M. supinator;

3. M. extensor carpi ulnaris;


61. Specify muscles of an eminence of a little finger (hypothenar):

1. M. palmaris longus;

2. M. palmaris brevis;

3. M. abductor digiti minimi;

4. M. opponens digiti minimi;

62. Specify functions which mm. lumbricales of the hand perform:

1. Extension of proximal phalanxes;

2. Flexion of proximal phalanxes;

3. Extension of middle phalanxes;

4. Flexion of middle phalanxes;

63. What tendons of muscles are in the first bone-fibrous canal on dorsal surfaces of a wrist?

1. M. abductor pollicis longus;

2. M. extensor carpi radialis longus;

3. M. extensor pollicis longus;

4. M. extensor pollicis brevis;

64. To what bone structure the iliopsoas muscle is attached:

1. Patella;

2. Trochanter major;

3. Trochanter minor;

4. Crista intertrochanterica;

65. What muscles rotate a leg inside?

1. M. biceps femoris;

2. M. semimembranosus;

3. M. semitendinosus;

4. M. tibialis posterior;

66. Specify the muscles forming a deep layer of back group of muscles of a leg:

1. M. flexor hallucis longus;

2. M. flexor digitorum longus;

3. M. plantaris;


67. Name muscles of medial group on plantar surface of a foot:

1. M. flexor hallucis brevis;

2. M. adductor hallucis;

3. M. plantaris;


68. What muscles extense foot in an ankle joint:

1. M. tibialis anterior;

2. M. extensor digitorum longus;

3. M. popliteus;


69. By what the femoral triangle is limited:


2. M. sartorius;

3. M. pectineus;

4. M. adductor longus;

70. Where the muscular lacuna is situated:

1. Foramen ischiadicum majus;

2. Foramen ischiadicum minus;

3. Laterally than arcus iliopectineus;

4. Medially than arcus iliopectineus;

71. What anatomic structures pass through a muscular lacuna?

1. M. piriformis;

2. M. iliopsoas;

3. M. pectineus;

4. Nervus femoralis;

72. What muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen?

1. M. iliopsoas;

2. M. obturatorius internus;

3. M. obturatorius externus;

4. M. piriformis;

73. The tendon of what muscle passes through a lesser sciatic foramen:

1. M. iliopsoas;

2. M. obturatorius internus;

3. M. piriformis;

4. M. obturatorius externus;

74. Specify the structures forming walls of the femoral canal:



3. Vena femoralis;

4. Lamina profunda fasciae latae;

75. Specify the formation limiting a hiatus saphenus of fascia lata femoris:

1. Funiculus spermaticus;

2. Arcus iliopectineus;

3. Ligomentum inguinole;

4. Margo falciformis;

76. Specify the structures forming walls of the canalis adductorius:

1. M. adductor magnus;

2. M. vastus medialis;

3. Lamina vastoadductoria;

4. M. adductor longus;

77. What muscles limits the fossa poplitea?

1. M. biceps femoris;

2. M. semimembranosus;

3. Caput mediale m. gastrocnemii;

4. Caput laterale m. gastrocnemii;

78. Specify the canals opening in popliteal fossa:

1. Canalis femoralis;

2. Canalis adductorius;

3. Canalis cruropopliteus;

4. Canalis musculoperoneus superior;

79. What muscles limit the canalis cruropopliteus?

1. M. soleus;

2. M. gastrocnemius;


4. M. peroneus longus;

80. What canal communicates with the cruropopliteal canal?

1. Canalis musculoperoneus inferior;

2. Canalis adductorius;

3. Canalis musculoperoneus superior;

4. Canalis femoralis;

81. What structures participate in formation of walls of canalis musculoperoneus inferior?

1. Fibula;



4. M. peroneus brevis;

82. What structures participate in formation of walls of superior musculoperoneal canal?

1. Tibia;

2. Fibula;



83. What muscle limits from above omoclavicular triangle:


2. M. omohyoideus;


4. M. digastricus;

84. The tendon of what muscle passes through the canalis carpi radialis:





85. The tendon of what muscle forms the palmar aponeurosis:





86. What tendons of muscles settle down in the second bone-fibrous canal on dorsal surfaces of a

wrist?

1. M. extensor carpi radialis longus;

2. M. extensor digitorum;


4. M. extensor carpi radialis brevis;

87. What tendons of muscles are in common synovial vagina of flexors:



3. M. flexor digitorum profundus;


88. In what triangle of a neck allocate Pirogov’s triangle:

Trigonum submandibulare;

Trigonum coroticum;

Trigonum omotracheale;

Trigonum omoclaviculare;

89. What fasciae form a white line of a neck?

1. Fascia colli superficialis;

2. Lamina superficialis fasciae colli propriae;

3. Lamina profunda fasciae colli propriae;

4. Fascia endocervicalis;

90. What tendons of muscles pass through the carpal canal on a palm:

M. flexor pollicis longus;

M. flexor carpi radialis;

M. flexor carpi ulnaris;

M. flexor digitorum profundus;

91. Between what muscles the sulcus radialis is:





92. Between what muscles the ulnar sulcus is:





93. What tendons of muscles are in the fourth bone-fibrous canal on a dorsal surface of a wrist?



3. M. extensor digiti minimi;

4. M. extensor indicis;

94. Between what muscles there is a median groove of a forearm:





95. What formations limit an anulus femoralis:


2. Vena femoralis;

3. M. iliopsoas;

4. Ligamentum pectineale;

96. Between what muscles the medial plantar sulcus is:

1. M. flexor digitorum brevis;


3. M. abductor hallucis;


97. Between what muscles the lateral plantar sulcus is:


2. M. flexor digiti minimi;


4. M. quadratus plantae;

98. What from the plantar muscles has two heads – oblique and transverse?





99. What from the listed muscles perform supination of the foot?


2. M. extensor hallucis longus;



100. The tendon of what muscle is in the sixth osseo-fibrous canal on a posterior surface of a

wrist:


2. M. extensor digiti minimi;

3. M. extensor carpi ulnaris;

4. M. extensor indicis;


2. 1234 22. 234 42. 134 62. 23 82. 24

3. 1234 23. 134 43. 4 63. 14 83. 2

4. 124 24. 3 44. 14 64. 3 84. 3

5. 134 25. 124 45. 13 65. 23 85. 4

6. 1234 26. 134 46. 23 66. 124 86. 14

7. 2 27. 123 47. 14 67. 12 87. 23

8. 14 28. 1234 48. 134 68. 12 88. 1

9. 3 29. 124 49. 134 69. 124 89. 23

10. 124 30. 4 50. 23 70. 3 90. 14

11. 234 31. 1234 51. 1 71. 24 91. 34

12. 23 32. 13 52. 4 72. 4 92. 13

13. 2 33. 1234 53. 234 73. 2 93. 24

14. 3 34. 2 54. 134 74. 134 94. 12

15. 134 35. 12 55. 23 75. 4 95. 124

16. 124 36. 124 56. 1234 76. 123 96. 13

17. 1234 37. 23 57. 13 77. 1234 97. 13

18. 134 38. 4 58. 3 78. 23 98. 3

19. 12 39. 24 59. 13 79. 13 99. 12

20. 1234 40. 124 60. 123 80. 1 100. 3

Test about Alimentary system 1. The vestibule of the oral cavity is limited by:

1. Gingivas;

2. Lips;

3. Cheeks;

4. Teeth;

2. Oral cavity proper is limited by:

1. Teeth;

2. Muscle of the diaphragm of the mouth;

3. Palate;

4. Gingivas;

3. Into structure of the palate enter:

1. Palatal aponeurosis;

2. Palatine tonsil (tonsilla palatina);

3. Muscles;

4. Mucosa.

4. Muscles of the soft palate are:

1. M. palatoglossus;

2. M. palatopharyngeus;

3. M. tensor veli palatini;

4. M. styloglossus;

5. Fauces is limited by:

1. Soft palate;

2. Epiglottis;

3. Arcus palatoglossus;

4. Dorsum linguae;

6. Name parts of the tooth:

1. Collum dentis;

2. Radix dentis;

3. Cementum;

4. Corona dentis;

7. What is concern to the tooth organ?

1. Gingiva;

2. Tooth;

3. Wall of an alveola;

4. Periodontium;

8. Where the duct of the parotid gland opens?

1. Caruncula sublingualis;

2. Plica sublingualis;

3. Vestibulum oris;

4. Cavitas oris propria;

9. In what age in child the deciduus teeth appear?

1. 2-3 month;

2. 6-7 month;

3. 1-2 years;

4. 2-3 years;

10. In what age in human the first permanent teeth appear?

1. 6-7 month;

2. 1-2 years;

3. 2-3 years;

4. 6-7 years;

11. Where the duct of the submandibular salivary gland opens?

1. In the vestibulum oris;

2. On palatum molle;

3. On uvula;

4. On caruncula sublingualis;

12. The parotid gland concerns to the glands of:

1. Mucous type;

2. Serous type;

3. Alveolar structure;

4. Alveolar-tubular structure;

13. Name parts of the tongue:

1. Corpus linguae;

2. Apex linguae;

3. Basis linguae;

4. Radix linguae;

14. Name papillae of the tongue:

1. Papillae fungiformes;

2. Papillae filiformes;

3. Papillae vallatae;

4. Papillae corniculatae;

15. Specify the place of localization of foliate papillae of tongue:

1. Anteriorly from foramen ceacum;

2. On margo linguae;

3. On apex linguae;

4. On dorsum linguae;

16. Lingual tonsil is posed on:

1. Corpus linguae;

2. Dorsum linguae;

3. Margo linguae;

4. Radix linguae;

17. Specify muscles of tongue beginning from derivative of I visceral arch:

1. M. styloglossus;

2. M. verticalis;

3. M. hyoglossus;

4. M. genioglossus;

18. Specify muscles of tongue beginning from derivative of III visceral arch:

1. M. longituginalis superior;

2. M. transverses linguae;

3. M. hyoglossus;

4. M. styloglossus;

19. Name muscles of tongue, which pull tongue backward:

1. M. styloglossus;

2. M. verticalis;

3. M. hyoglossus;

4. M. longituginalis inferior;

20. The labium leporinum is the cleft of:

1. Upper lip;

2. Lower lip;

3. Angle of the mouth;

4. Alveolar process of the maxilla;

21. The labium leporium is formed in result of not fusion of:

1. Palatal processes;

2. Nasal and maxillar processes;

3. Maxillar and mandibular processes;

4. Palatal and maxillar processes;

22. The wolf mouth is the cleft of:

1. Upper lip;

2. Lower lip;

3. Hard palate;

4. Alveolar process of the mandible;

23. Name longitudinal muscles of the pharynx:

1. M. palatoglossus;


3. M. styloglossus;

4. M. stylopharyngeus;

24. Name parts of the pharynx:

1. Pars pharyngea;

2. Pars nasalis;

3. Pars oralis;

4. Pars laryngea;

25. Which coats are included into structure of the wall of the pharynx?

1. Tunica muscularis;

2. Fascia pharyngobasilaris;

3. Tunica mucosa;

4. Tunica adventicia;

26. The Pirogov’s lymphoid ring is formed by:

1. Tonsilla palatina;

2. Tonsilla pharyngea;

3. Tonsilla lingualis;

4. Tonsilla tubaria;

27. At level of which vertebrae the pharynx terminates?

1. Th5;

2. C6-7;

3. Th4;

4. C4;

28. With what the pharynx intercommunicates:

1. With nasal cavity

2. With oral cavity

3. With middle ear

4. With cavity of the larynx

29. Note the skeletotopy of the pars oralis of the pharynx:

1. I cervical vertebra;

2. II cervical vertebra;

3. III cervical vertebra;

4. IV cervical vertebra;

30. Name esophageal constrictions:

1. Pharyngeal;

2. Aortal;

3. Diaphragmatic;

4. Cardial;

31. Specify anatomical esophageal constrictions:

1. Diaphragmatic;

2. Cardial

3. Bronchial;

4. Pharyngeal;

32. Specify parts of the esophagus:

1. Pars cranialis;

2. Pars cervicalis;

3. Pars abdominalis;

4. Pars thoracica;

33. At what level the esophagus ends:

1. IX thoracic vertebra;




34. Specify anatomical structures locating ahead of the esophagus:

1. Aortic arch;

2. Trachea;

3. Pericardium;

4. Common carotid arteries;

35. Specify parts of the stomach (ventriculus):

1. Corpus ventriculi;

2. Pars cardiaca;

3. Fornix;

4. Pars pylorica;

36. At what level the fornix of the stomach situates?

1. XI rib;

2. XII rib;

3. The inferior edge of V rib;


37. Specify radiological parts of the stomach:

1. Angulus veatriculi;

2. Saccus digestorius;

3. Saccus egestorius;

4. Canalis egestorius;

38. Name coats of the stomach:

1. Tunica mycosa;


3. Tunica serosa;

4. Tunica adventitia;

39. Specify folds, available in range of small curvature of the stomach:

1. Oblique;

2. Transversal;

3. Longitudinal;

4. Annular;

40. Specify layers (stratums) of the muscular coat of the stomach:

1. External circular;

2. Internal oblique;

3. Middle circular;

4. External longitudinal;

41. The anterior wall of the stomach adjoins with:

1. Hepar;

2. Colon transversum;

3. Anterior abdominal wall;

4. Omentum majus;

42. The posterior wall of the stomach adjoins with:

1. Left kidney;

2. Pancreas;


4. Bursa omentalis;

43. Name ligaments, beginning from the greater curvature of the stomach:

1. Lig. gastrojejunalis;

2. Lig. hepatogastricum;

3. Lig. gastrocolicum;

4. Lig. gastrolienale;

44. What is situating in the place of transition of the stomach to the duodenum?

1. Valvula pylorica;

2. M. sphincter pylori;

3. M. sphincter gastrici;

4. Areae gastricae;

45. Name the basic shapes of the stomach, appering at the adult at X-ray examination:

1. The shape of the hook;

2. The shape of the horn;

3. The shape of the spindle;

4. The shape of the stocking;

46. Name parts of the small intestine:

1. Ceacum;

2. Duodenum;

3. Ileum;

4. Jejunum;

47. Specify departments of the mesenteric part of the small intestine:

1. Pars ascendens duodeni;

2. Ileum;

3. Jejunum;

4. Pars descendens duodeni;

48. What part of duodenum is intraperitoneal?

1. Pars descendens;

2. Ampula duodeni;

3. Pars ascendens;

4. Pars horisontalis;

49. In what part of the duodenum the large duodenal (Phater) papilla situates?

1. Pars ascendens;

2. Pars horisontalis;

3. Pars descendens;

4. Pars superior;

50. Specify structures locating ahead duodenum:

1. Aorta;

2. Radix mesenterii;

3. Vena cava inferior;

4. Radix mesocolon trasversum;

51. In what departments of the intestine there are aggragate lymphoid follicles:

1. Ileum;

2. Ceacum;

3. Appendix vermiformis;

4. Rectum;

52. Specify the location of flexura duodenojejunalis:

1. XII thoracic vertebra at the left;

2. III lumbar vertebra on the right;

3. II lumbar vertebra at the left;

4. II lumbar vertebra on the right;

53. Specify departments of the intestine, in which walls there are intestinal villi:


2. Jejunum;

3. Ileum;

4. Colon sigmoideum;

54. Specify ducts, which are opened on greater duodenal papilla:

1. Ductus pancreaticus;

2. Ductus cysticus;

3. Ductus hepaticus communis;

4. Ductus choledochus;

55. Name structures, characteristed for the large intestine:

1. Haustra coli;

2. Tenia coli;

3. Plicae semilunares;

4. Appendices epiploicae;

56. Name teniae of the large intestine:

1. Tenia mesocolica;

2. Tenia libera;

3. Tenia colica;

4. Tenia omentalis;

57. Name departments of the large intestine, which have the mesentery:

1. Colon ascendens;


3. Colon transverses;


58. What is situeted in the place of transition of the small intestine to the large one?


2. Valva ileocaecalis;

3. M. sphincter ileocaecalis;

4. Folliculi lymphatici solitarii;

59. Name structures, which are crossed by the transverse colon:

1. Hepar;

2. Pars desdendens duodeni;

3. Caput pancreatis;

4. Omentum majus;

60. Name parts of the rectum:

1. Pars descendens;

2. Pars pelvina;

3. Istmus;

4. Canalis analis;

61. Name sphincters of the rectum:

1. M. sphincter ani externus;

2. M. sphincter ani internus;

3. M. sphincter ani profundus;

4. M. sphincter ani superficialis;

62. Name flexurae of the rectum:

1. Flexura pelvina;

2. Flexura sacralis;

3. Flexura rectalis;

4. Flexura perinealis;

63. Which parts of the intestine are posed intraperitoneally?

1. Ileum;

2. Cecum;

3. Colon ascendens;


64. Which parts of the intestine are posed mesoperitoneally?


2. Cecum;

3. Colon ascendens;

4. Colon descendens;

65. Which parts of the intestine are posed extraperitoneally?

1. Colon ascendens:

2. The inferior department of pelvic part of the rectum;

3. Pars ascendens duodeni;


66. Specify parts of gallbladder:

1. Basis vesicae felleae;

2. Fundus vesicae felleae;

3. Corpus vesicae felleae;

4. Collum vesicae felleae;

67. Specify coats of the gallbladder:

1. Tunica serosa;


3. Tunica fibrosa;

4. Tunica mucosa;

68. Which ducts form choledochus duct at union?

1. Ductus hepaticus sinister;

2. Ductus hepaticus communis;

3. Ductus cysticus;

4. Ductus pancreaticus;

69. Specify surfaces of the liver:

1. Facies anterior;

2. Facies visceralis;


4. Facies diaphragmatica;

70. List ligaments of the liver:

1. Lig. falciforme hepatis;

2. Lig. coronarium hepatis;

3. Lig. venosum hepatis;

4. Lig. teres hepatis;

71. Name sulcuses posed on the visceral surface of the liver:

1. Fissura lig. teretis;

2. Sulcus visceralis;

3. Fissura lig. venosi;

4. Sulcus venae cavae;

72. Specify structures limiting caudate lobe of the liver:


2. Fossa vesicae felleae;

3. Porta hepatis;

4. Fissura lig. venosi;

73. Specify structures limiting the quadrate lobe of the hepar:


2. Porta hepatis;

3. Fossa vesicae felleae;

4. Fissura lig. teretis;

74. Which structures situate between layers of the hepatoduodenal ligament?

1. A. hepatica propria;

2. A. cystica;

3. V. portae;

4. Ductus choledochus;

75. Specify anatomical structures corresponding to the inferior border of the liver:

1. X intercostals space on right middle axillary line;

2. V left costal cartilage;

3. Fourth intercostals space on right medioclavicular line;

4. The base of the xiphoid process of the sternum;

76. To what organs the head of the pancreas adjoins:

1. Hepar;

2. Vesica fellea;

3. Duodenum;

4. Right kidney;

77. Name surfaces of the pancreas:

1. Facies anterior;

2. Facies superior;


4. Facies inferior;

78. Name parts of the pancreas:

1. Corpus pancreatis;

2. Processus omentalis;

3. Caput pancreatis;

4. Cauda pancreatis;

79. Specify the level of locating of the head of the pancreas:



3. III lumbar vertebra;

4. I lumbar vertebra;

80. Specify the attitude of the pancreas to the peritoneum:

1. Intraperitoneal;

2. Mesoperitoneal;

3. Extraperitoneal;

4. Is not covered with the peritoneum;

81. Specify the place, where the additional pancreatic duct opens: 1. Papilla duodeni major;

2. Papilla duodeni minor;

3. Ampula hepatopancreatica;

4. Plica longitudinalis duodeni;

82. Specify the attitude of the liver to the peritoneum:

1. Extraperitoneal;

2. Intraperitoneal;

3. Mesoperitoneal;

4. Is not covered with the peritoneum;

83. What structures limit an epiploic foramen?

1. Lig. hepatorenale;

2. Lig. hepatoduodenale;

3. Lobus caudatus hepatis;

4. Duodenum;

84. What organs form walls of the omental bursa?

1. Omeatum minus;

2. Stomach;

3. Mesocolon transversum;

4. Parietal peritoneum;

85. Name floors (storeys) of the peritoneal cavity:

1. Superior;

2. Posterior;

3. Middle;

4. Inferior;

86. Specify anatomical structures forming anterior wall of the bursa omentalis:

1. Omeatum minus;

2. Peritoneum parietale;

3. Stomach;

4. Mesocolon transversum;

87. Specify borders of the superior floor (storey) of the peritoneal cavity:

1. Mesentery of the small intestine;

2. Diaphragm;

3. Mesentery of the transversal colon;

4. Linea terminalis;

88. What is included into structure of the superior floor of the peritoneal cavity:

1. Canalis lateralis dexter;

2. Bursa pregastrica;

3. Sinus mesentericus sinister;

4. Bursa omentalis;

89. Specify structures participating in formation of the omentum minus:



3. Lig. gastrocolicum;


90. List primary ligaments of the peritoneum: 1. Lig. coronarium hepatis;




91. List secondary ligaments of the peritoneum:

1. Lig. coronarium hepatis;




92. What is included into structure of the middle floor of the peritoneal cavity?

1. Bursa hepatica;

2. Canalis lateralis dexter;

3. Bursa pregastrica;

4. Sinus mesentericus sinister;

93. Specify borders of the middle floor of the peritoneal cavity:


2. Mescolon transversum;

3. Linea terminalis;

4. Colon ascendens;

94. Name pouches, which are taking place on the middle floor of the peritoneal cavity:

1. Excavatio rectouterina;

2. Recessus duodenalis superior;

3. Recessus intersigmoigeus;

4. Recessus ileocaecalis inferior;

95. What from the listed organs concern to derivative of the foregut?

1. Mesenteric part of the small intestine;

2. Esophagus;

3. Bulbus duodeni;

4. Stomach;

96. Specify walls of the left mesenteric sinus:

1. Colon ascendens;



4. Colon descendens;

97. Specify excavations posed in the inferior floor of the peritoneal cavity:

1. Excavatio rectovesicalis;

2. Excavatio pubovesicalis;

3. Excavatio rectouterina;

4. Excavatio vesicouterina;

98. What from the listed organs concern to derivative of the midgut?

1. Mesenteric part of the small intestine;


3. Hepar;

4. Bulbus duodeni;

99. What from the listed organs concern to derivative of the hindgut?


2. Hepar;

3. Caecum;

4. Pancreas;

100. Name surfaces of the spleen:

1. Facies visceralis;

2. Facies superior;


4. Facies diaphragmatica;

№ answer № answer № answer № answer № answer

1. 1234 21. 2 41. 123 61. 12 81. 2

2. 1234 22. 3 42. 124 62. 24 82. 3

3. 134 23. 24 43. 34 63. 124 83. 1234

4. 123 24. 234 44. 12 64. 34 84. 1234

5. 134 25. 1234 45. 124 65. 234 85. 134

6. 124 26. 1234 46. 234 66. 234 86. 13

7. 1234 27. 2 47. 23 67. 124 87. 23

8. 3 28. 1234 48. 2 68. 23 88. 24

9. 2 29. 3 49. 3 69. 24 89. 24

10. 4 30. 1234 50. 24 70. 1234 90. 234

11. 4 31. 134 51. 13 71. 134 91. 13

12. 23 32. 234 52. 3 72. 134 92. 24

13. 124 33. 3 53. 23 73. 234 93. 23

14. 123 34. 123 54. 14 74. 134 94. 234

15. 2 35. 1234 55. 1234 75. 1 95. 234

16. 4 36. 3 56. 124 76. 134 96. 34

17. 24 37. 24 57. 234 77. 134 97. 134

18. 23 38. 123 58. 23 78. 134 98. 13

19. 134 39. 3 59. 23 79. 4 99. 13

20. 1 40. 234 60. 24 80. 3 100. 14

Test about Respiratory system 1. Specify parts of the lower respiratory pathways:

1. larynx

2. pars oralis pharyngis

3. trachea

4. pars nasalis pharyngis

2. What from the listed structures open into inferior nasal meatus:

1. cellulae etmoidales mediales

2. canalis nasolacrimalis

3. sinus maxillaris

4. cellulae etmoidales posteriores

3. What from the listed structures open into middle nasal meatus: 1. sinus frontalis

2. sinus maxillaris

3. sinus sphenoidalis

4. cellulae etmoidales mediales

4. What from the listed structures open into superior nasal meatus:

1. cellulae etmoidales posteriores

2. sinus sphenoidalis

3. sinus maxillaris

4. sinus frontalis

5. What parts of the mucous membrane of a nose concern to olfactory region:

1. inferior nasal concha;

2. superior nasal concha

3. middle nasal concha

4. superior part of a nasal septum

6. Specify the bones limiting choanae:

1. lamina medialis processus pterygoideus ossis sphenoidalis

2. vomer

3. corpus ossis sphenoidalis

4. lamina horizontalis ossis palatinus

7. Specify functions of a larynx:

1. Voice-produced

2. Respiratory

3. Protective

4. Secretory

8. Specify unpaired cartilages of a larynx:

1. cartilago arytenoidea

2. cartilago cricoidea

3. cartilago cuneiformis

4. cartilago thyroidea

9. Specify paired cartilages of a larynx:

1. cartilago arytenoidea


3. cartilago cuneiformis

4. cartilago corniculata

10. To what organs the larynx adjoins:

1. glandula thyroidea

2. glandulae parathyroideae

3. muscles below hyoid bone

4. esophagus

11. What muscles cover a larynx in front?

1. m. digastricus

2. m. sternothyroideus

3. m. sternohyoideus

4. m. mylohyoideus

12. What anatomical structures are behind the larynx? 1. Sublingual muscles

2. Thyroid gland

3. Pharynx

4. Esophagus

13. What anatomical structures limit an aditus laryngis?

1. epiglottis

2. plicae aryepiglotticae


4. cartilagines arytenoideae

14. Rima glottidis is between:

1. vestibular folds

2. arytenoid cartilages

3. vocal folds

4. clinoid cartilages

15. Specify anatomical structures between which vocal ligaments are tense:

1. Vocal processes of arytenoid cartilages

2. Muscular processes of arytenoid cartilages

3. Arch of cricoid cartilage

4. Internal surface of the angle of a thyroid cartilage

16. Ventricle of a larynx is between:

1. plica vestibularis;

2. plica vocalis;

3. plicae aryepiglotticae;

4. cartilagones arytenoideae;

17. Specify the muscle dilating rima glottidis:

1. m. thyroarytenoideus;

2. m. arytenoideus transversus;

3. m. cricoarytenoideus lateralis;

4. m. cricoarytenoideus posterior;

18. Specify the muscles narrowing rima glottidis:


2. m. cricothyroideus;


4. m. arytenoideus obliquus;

19. Specify the muscles tensing the vocal ligament:

1. m. vocalis;


3. m.thyrohyoideus;

4. m. cricothyroideus;

20. Specify muscles of the larynx, which attach to the muscular process of an arytenoid cartilage:


2. m. cricoarytenoideus posterior;



21. Specify muscles, which attach to oblique line of a thyroid cartilage:

1. m. thyrohyoideus;

2. m. sternothyroideus;

3. m. sternohyoideus;

4. m. mylohyoideus;

22. Specify parts of the trachea:

1. pars cervicalis;

2. pars cranialis;

3. pars thoracica;

4. pars abdominalis;

23. Skeletopy of the bifurcation of trachea at adult is:

1. Angle of the sternum;

2. V thoracic vertebra;

3. Jugular incisura of the sternum;

4. VI thoracic vertebra;

24. What organs are in front of trachea in the cervical part?

1. glandula thyroidea;

2. glandulae parathyroideae;

3. thymus;

4. esophagus;

25. What organs are in front of trachea in the thoracic part?

1. glandula thyroidea;

2. glandulae parathyroideae;

3. thymus;

4. esophagus;

26. What surfaces are distinguished in the lungs?

1. facies costalis;

2. facies diaphragmatica;

3. facies sternalis;

4. facies medialis;

27. What lobes are distinguished in right lung?

1. lobus anterior;

2. lobus medius;

3. lobus superior;

4. lobus inferior;

28. What lobes are distinguished in left lung?

1. lobus anterior;

2. lobus medius;

3. lobus superior;

4. lobus inferior;

29. Specify anatomical structure locating above the left primary bronchus:

1. a. pulmonalis;

2. v. azygos;

3. v. hemiazygos;

4. thymus;

30. Specify the place of localization of the cardiac notch of the lung:

1. Posterior edge of the right lung;

2. Anterior edge of the left lung;

3. Inferior edge of the left lung;

4. Inferior edge of the right lung;

31. Skeletopy of the horizontal fissure on the lung is:

1. III rib;

2. IV rib;

3. IV intercostal space;

4. III-V ribs;

32. Specify the main anatomical structures, which form the root of the lug:

1. a. pulmonalis;

2. vv. pulmonales;

3. bronchus principalis;

4. lymphatic vessels;

33. Specify the anatomical structure occupying the superior position in hilus of the right lung:

1. Pulmonary artery;

2. Pulmonary veins;

3. Nerves;

4. Bronchus;

34. Specify the anatomical structure occupying the superior position in hilus of the left lung:

1. Pulmonary artery;

2. Pulmonary veins;

3. Nerves;

4. Bronchus;

35. Specify structure participating in acinus:

1. bronchioli terminales;

2. bronchioli respiratorii;

3. ductuli alveolares;

4. sacculi alveolares;

36. What is absent in the walls of the terminal bronchioli:

1. Cartilages;

2. Ciliary epithelium;

3. Mucous glands;

4. Smooth muscles;

37. Where in respiratory tree the semiring cartilages are absent:

1. Lobar bronchi;

2. Terminal bronchioles;

3. Lobular bronchi;

4. Segmental bronchi;

38. How many bronchi give the right upper lobar bronchus?

1. Two;

2. Three;

3. Four;

4. Five;

39. How many segments are in the middle lobe of the right lung?

1. Two;

2. Three;

3. Four;

4. Five;

40. How many segments are in the superior lobe of the left lung?

1. Two;

2. Three;

3. Four;

4. Five;

41. How many segments are in the inferior lobe of the right lung?

1. Two;

2. Three;

3. Four;

4. Five;

42. Specify the inferior border of the right lung on linea medioclavicularis:

1. IX rib;

2. VII rib;

3. VIII rib;

4. VI rib;

43. Specify the inferior border of the left lung on linea axillaris anterior:

1. IX rib;

2. VII rib;

3. VIII rib;

4. VI rib;

44. Specify the inferior border of the right lung on linea axillaris media:

1. IX rib;

2. VII rib;

3. VIII rib;

4. VI rib;

45. Specify the inferior border of the right lung on linea axillaris posterior:

1. IX rib;

2. VII rib;

3. VIII rib;

4. VI rib;

46. Specify the inferior border of pleura on linea scapularis:

1. IX rib;

2. VII rib;

3. VIII rib;

4. XI rib;

47. Specify structures of the lungs in which exchange of gases between air and blood occurs:

1. ductuli alveolares;

2. alveoli pulmonis;

3. bronchioli respiratorii;

4. sacculi alveolares;

48. Specify structures through which the horizontal plane separating the superior mediastinum

from inferior passes:

1. Jugular notch of the sternum;

2. Angle of the sternum;

3. Intervertebral cartilage between bodies of the III and IV thoracic vertebrae;

4. Intervertebral cartilage between bodies of the IV and V thoracic vertebrae;

49. Specify the mediastinum, in which n. phrenicus passes:

1. Superior mediastinum;

2. Anterior department of the inferior mediastinum;

3. Posterior department of the inferior mediastinum;

4. Middle department of the inferior mediastinum;

50. In what mediastinum the primary bronchi are:

1. Posterior;

2. Anterior;

3. Superior;

4. Middle;

51. Specify departments of the mediastinum, in which the thymus is:

1. Superior mediastinum;

2. Anterior department of the inferior mediastinum;

3. Posterior department of the inferior mediastinum;

4. Middle department of the inferior mediastinum;

52. Specify parts of parietal pleura:

1. pars costalis pleurae;

2. pars vertebralis pleurae;

3. pars mediastinalis pleurae;

4. pars diaphragmatica pleurae;

53. Name pleural sinuses:

1. recessus costodiaphragmaticus;

2. recessus phrenicomediastinalis;

3. recessus costomediastinalis;

4. recessus phrenicovertebralis;

54. What parts the thyroid gland has:

1. isthmus;

2. lobus pyramidalis;

3. lobi dexter et sinister;

4. cervix;

55. The thyroid gland develops from:

1. 1st visceral arch, behind of unpaired germ of tongue;

2. third and fourth visceral arches;

3. 3rd pharyngeal pouch;

4. mesoderm;

56. The parathyroid glands develop from:




4. mesoderm;

57. The thymus develops from:




4. mesoderm;

58. How the larynx of newborn differs from the adult’s one:

1. Occupies lower position;

2. Occupies higher position;

3. Shorter and wider;

4. Longer and narrower;

59. This is typical for lungs of the newborn:

1. Upper border is higher, than at the adult’s lungs;

2. Upper border is lower, than at the adult’s lungs;

3. Inferior border is higher, than at the adult’s lungs;

4. Inferior border is lower, than at the adult’s lungs;

60. What organs occupy the larger space in the mediastinum in newborn?

1. Thymus;

2. Heart;

3. Trachea;

4. Thyroid gland;


1. 1 13. 123 25. 3 37. 2 49. 4

2. 2 14. 3 26 1234 38. 3 50. 1

3. 124 15. 14 27. 234 39. 2 51. 1

4. 2 16. 12 28. 34 40. 4 52. 1234

5. 24 17. 4 29. 14 41. 4 53. 123

6. 1234 18. 134 30. 2 42. 4 54. 123

7. 12 19. 12 31. 2 43. 2 55. 3

8. 24 20. 124 32. 1234 44. 3 56. 3

9. 134 21. 124 33. 4 45. 1 57. 34

10 1234 22. 14 34. 1 46. 4 58. 23

11. 23 23. 2 35. 234 47. 1234 59. 13

12. 34 24. 123 36. 1 48. 24 60. 12

Test about Urinogenital system 1. Name stages of development of a kidney:

1. Pronephros, metanephros, mesonephros;

2. Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros;

3. Metanephros, pronephros, mesonephros;

4. Metanephros, mesonephros, pronephros;

2. Name areas of an anterior abdominal wall on which the right kidney is projected:

1. regio epigastrica;

2. regio umbilicalis;

3. regio abdominalis lateralis dextra;

4. regio hypochondrica dextra;

3. Name areas of an anterior abdominal wall on which the left kidney is projected:

1. regio epigastrica;

2. regio umbilicalis;

3. regio abdominalis lateralis sinistra;

4. regio hypochondrica sinistra;

4. Specify anatomic structures, which anterior layer of renal fasciae covers:

1. v. cava inferior;

2. aorta abdominalis;

3. esophagus;

4. vasa renalis;

5. Specify the anatomical structures, which are in hilum of the kidney:

1. Blood vessels;

2. Ureter;

3. Calyces renales majores;

4. Calyces renales minores;

6. Specify the muscles participating in muscular set of the kidney:

1. m. psoas major;

2. m. quadratus lumborum;

3. m. iliacus;

4. m. transversus abdominis;

7. What from the listed organs relate to the left kidney?

1. Flexura coli sinistra;

2. Pancreas;

3. Jejunum;

4. Hepar;

8. Specify skeletopy of the left kidney:

1. Inferior border of XI thoracic vertebra;

2. Middle part of III lumbar vertebra;

3. Middle part of XI thoracic vertebra;

4. Superior border of III lumbar vertebra;

9. Specify skeletopy of the right kidney:

1. Middle part of XI thoracic vertebra; 2. Inferior border of XI thoracic vertebra;

3. Middle part of III lumbar vertebra;

4. Superior border of III lumbar vertebra;

10. Specify the anatomical structures concerning to the fixation of kidneys:

1. Fascia renalis;

2. Prelum abdominale;

3. Renal vessels;

4. Muscular sit;

11. Specify anatomic structures, which relate to the right kidney:

1. Pars descendes duodeni;

2. Liver;

3. Flexura coli dextra;

4. Stomach;

12. Name forms of the excretory tree of the kidney:

1. Embryonic type;

2. Fecal type;

3. Mature type;

4. Fetal type;

13. Specify coats of the kidney:


2. Tunica fibrosa;

3. Tunica albuginea;

4. Capsula adiposa;

14. Renal corpuscle includes:

1. tubulus renalis contortius proximalis;

2. capsula glomeruli;

3. glomerulus renalis;

4. collecting tubule;

15. Nephron consists of:

1. capsula glomeruli;

2. glomerulus renalis;

3. collecting tubule;

4. tubuli renales contorti;

16. Fornical apparatus of the kidney consists of:

1. Connective tissue covering renal papilla;

2. Fornix calycis renalis minoris;

3. m. sphincter fornicis;

4. Calyx renalis major;

17. Lobulus corticalis renalis consists of:

1. columnae renales;

2. pars radiata;

3. pyramides renales;

4. pars convolute;

18. Specify the blood vessels participating in structure of the miracle network of kidneys:

1. vas afferens;

2. glomerulus; 3. vas efferens;

4. aa. interlobulares;

19. Name parts of ureter:

1. pars renalis;


3. pars pelvina;

4. pars intramuralis;

20. It is true for the fetal type of the excretory tree of the kidney:

1. Another name is tree-like;

2. Are well-expressed lesser renal calyces and pelvis renalis;

3. Are well-expressed lesser and greater renal calyces;

4. Another name is ampular;

21. Specify coats of ureter:

1. Tunica mucosa;

2. Tunica serosa;


4. Tunica adventitia;

22. Specify curvatures of ureter:

1. flexura renalis ureteris;

2. flexura marginalis ureteris;

3. flexura lateralis ureteris;

4. flexura vesicalis ureteris;

23. Specify parts of a urinary bladder:

1. apex vesicae;

2. cervix vesicae;

3. fundus vesicae;

4. corpus vesicae;

24. Specify organs, to which the posterior surface of male urinary bladder attaches:

1. ductus deferens;

2. vesiculae seminales;

3. sacrum;

4. colon sigmoideum;

25. Specify organs, to which the posterior surface of female urinary bladder attaches:

1. Rectum;

2. Sacrum;

3. Uterus;

4. Vagina;

26. Specify the sides of the full urinary bladder covered with peritoneum:

1. apex vesicae;

2. facies lateralis;

3. facies posterior;

4. facies anterior;

27. How many sphincters urinary bladder has?

1. Sphincters are absent;

2. One; 3. Two;

4. Three;

28. Internal male genital organs are:

1. testes;

2. scrotum;


4. funiculus spermaticus;

29. External male genital organs are:

1. testes;

2. scrotum;

3. funiculus spermaticus;

4. penis;

30. Specify anatomic structures, to which vesiculae seminales attach:


2. rectum;

3. vesica urinaria;

4. uterus;

31. Specify male genital glands, which are simultaneously endocrine and exocrine:

1. testes;

2. prostata;

3. glandulae bulbourethrales;


32. In what canals of testis spermatozoids are formed?

1. ductuli efferentes testis;

2. tubuli seminiferi contorti;

3. tubuli seminiferi recti;

4. rete testis;

33. Specify parts of an epididymus:

1. caput epididymidis;

2. collum epididymidis;

3. corpus epididymidis;

4. cauda epididimidis;

34. Specify a coat of the testis, which is developed from peritoneum:

1. fascia spermatica interna;

2. fascia spermatica externa;

3. tunica vaginalis testis;

4. fascia cremasterica;

35. What surfaces are distinguished in testis?


2. facies anterior;

3. facies medialis;


36. Name organs – derivatives of indifferent sexual gland:

1. testes;

2. ovarium; 3. epoophoron;

4. utriculus prostaticus;

37. Specify parts of a prostate gland:

1. basis prostatae;

2. collum prostatae;

3. corpus prostatae;

4. apex prostatae;

38. Specify surfaces of a prostate gland:


2. facies superior;

3. facies anterior;


39. Specify lobes of a prostate gland:

1. lobus superior;

2. lobus sinister;

3. lobus medius;

4. lobus dexter;

40. What anatomic structures attach to the prostate gland?

1. sacrum;

2. rectum;


4. vesica urinaria;

41. Where ducts of bulbourethral glands open:

1. caput penis;

2. vestibulum vaginae;

3. urethra;

4. vagina;

42. Specify ducts, which form the ductus ejaculatotius:

1. ductus excretorius;

2. ductulus glandulae bulbourethralis;

3. ductuli prostatici;

4. ductus deferens;

43. Specify parts of the deferens duct:

1. pars testicularis;

2. pars funicularis;

3. pars pelvina;


44. Funiculus spermaticus consists of the following parts:

1. pars prostatica;

2. pars membranacea;

3. pars cavernosa;

4. pars spongiosa;

45. Male urethra consists of the following parts:

1. pars prostatica;

2. pars membranacea; 3. pars cavernosa;

4. pars spongiosa;

46. Specify narrow places of the male urethra:

1. osthium urethrae internum;

2. bulbus penis;

3. diaphragma urogenitale;

4. osthium urethrae externum;

47. Specify dilatations of the male urethra:

1. diaphragma urogenitale;

2. osthium urethrae externum;

3. fossa navicularis urethrae;

4. bulbus penis;

48. Fascia spermatica externa developes from:

1. Fascia m. obliqui interni abdominis;

2. Fascia superficialis abdominis;

3. Fascia m. obliqui externi abdominis propria;

4. Fascia transversus abdominis;

48. Fascia spermatica interna developes from:

1. Fascia m. obliqui interni abdominis;

2. Fascia superficialis abdominis;

3. Fascia m. obliqui externi abdominis propria;

4. Fascia transversus abdominis;

50. It is true for spermatic cord:

1. It terminates in prostate gland;

2. It is formed at descensus of testis;

3. It situates in the femoral canal;

4. It begins from the upper end of the testis;

51. Specify parts of the penis:

1. radix penis;

2. apex penis;

3. corpus penis;

4. isthmus penis;

52. The bulbus penis is formed by:

1. The anterior end of a spongy body;

2. The anterior end of cavernous bodies;

3. The posterior end of a spongy body;

4. The posterior end of cavernous bodies;

53. Specify anatomic structures, which are parts of a penis:

1. One corpus cavernosus;

2. Two corpus cavernosus;

3. One corpus spongiosus;

4. Two corpus spongiosus;

54. Internal female genital organs are:

1. ovarium;

2. clitoris; 3. vagina;


55. External female genital organs are:

1. clitoris;


3. labia pudenda;

4. hymen;

56. Specify surfaces of ovaries:

1. facies medialis;

2. facies anterior;



57. Specify edges of ovaries:

1. margo superior;

2. margo liber;

3. margo inferior;

4. margo mesovaricus;

58. Specify ligaments of ovaries:

1. lig. ovarii proprium;

2. lig. teres uteri;

3. lig. suspensorium ovarii;

4. lig. inguinalis;

59. How ovary is covered with peritoneum?

1. extraperitoneal;

2. mesoperitoneal;

3. intraperitoneal;

4. It is not covered with peritoneum;

60. It is true for paraophoron:

1. Corresponds to male’s paradidymis;

2. Corresponds to ductuli efferentis of testis;

3. It is located between uterine tube and ovary;

4. It is located between ovary and uterus;

61. Specify parts of the uterus:

1. fundus uteri;

2. corpus uteri;

3. isthmus uteri;

4. cervix uteri;

62. What parts are distinguished in cervix of the uterus?

1. portio supravaginalis cervicis;

2. portio infravaginalis cervicis;

3. portio intravaginalis cervicis;

4. portio vaginalis cervicis;

63. Which anatomical structures attach to the uterus?

1. rectum;

2. colon sigmoideum; 3. vesica urinaria;

4. symphisis pubicus;

64. Name coats of the uterus:

1. endometrium;

2. myometrium;

3. perimetrium;

4. parametrium;

65. What is the name of position of uterus at which the angle between its body and cervix open

forward?

1. anteversio;

2. retroversio;

3. anteflexio;

4. retroflexio;

66. What is the name of position of uterus at which the angle between its body and cervix open

backward?

1. anteversio;

2. retroversio;

3. anteflexio;

4. retroflexio;

67. Specify parts of the uterine tube:

1. pars uterina;

2. ampulla;

3. isthmus;

4. infundibulum;

68. Specify coats of the uterine tube:

1. tunica mucosa;

2. tunica muscularis;

3. tunica serosa;

4. tunica adventitia;

69. What anatomical structures are behind vagina?


2. rectum;

3. fundus vesicae urinariae;

4. peritoneum;

70. Specify fornices of a vagina:

1. fornix vaginae anterior;

2. fornix vaginae posterior;

3. fornix vaginae superior;

4. fornix vaginae lateralis;

71. What is the name of peritoneal excavatio behind vagina?

1. excavatio rectovesicalis;

2. excavatio vaginopubica;

3. excavatio rectouterina;

4. excavatio vesicouterina;

72. Specify parts of the clitoris: 1. radix clitoridis;

2. glans clitoridis;

3. corpus clitoridis;

4. crura clitoridis;

73. Specify the location of Bartholin’s glands:

1. The basis of the labia majora pudendi;

2. The basis of labia minora pudendi;

3. In the front of the bulb of the vestibule;

4. Behind bulb of the vestibule;

74. Specify the location of the bulb of the vestibule:

1. The basis of labia minora pudendi;

2. The basis of the labia majora pudendi;

3. Above the clitoris;

4. Behind the vestibule;

75. Specify the location of the ostium urethrae externum in women:

1. Above the clitoris;

2. Behind the vaginal orifice;

3. In the front of the vaginal orifice;

4. Behind the clitoris;

76. Labia minora pudendi are:

1. Mucous folds;

2. Inferior edge of a vagina;

3. Skin folds;

4. Folds of submucose membrane;

77. Specify deep muscles of the urinogenital diaphragm:

1. m. bulbospongiosus;

2. m. transversus perinei profundus;

3. m. ischiocavernosus;

4. m. sphincter urethrae;

78. Specify deep muscles of the pelvic diaphragm:

1. m. levator ani;

2. m. coccygeus;


4. m. sphincter ani internus;

79. Specify superficial muscles of the urinogenital diaphragm:

1. m. bulbospongiosus;

2. m. ischiocavernosus;



80. Specify muscles, which form walls of the ischiorectal fossae:


2. m. coccygeus;

3. m. levator ani;

4. m. obturatorius externus;


1. 2 17. 24 33. 134 49. 4 65. 3

2. 123 18. 123 34. 3 50. 24 66. 4

3. 13 19. 234 35. 13 51. 13 67. 1234

4. 124 20. 13 36. 12 52. 3 68. 123

5. 134 21. 134 37. 14 53. 24 69. 24

6. 12 22. 124 38. 34 54. 13 70. 124

7. 123 23. 1234 39. 234 55. 1234 71. 3

8. 34 24. 12 40. 234 56. 13 72. 234

9. 23 25. 34 41. 3 57. 24 73. 24

10. 1234 26. 123 42. 14 58. 13 74. 2

11. 123 27. 2 43. 123 59. 4 75. 34

12. 134 28. 134 44. 123 60. 23 76. 3

13. 24 29. 24 45. 124 61. 1234 77. 24

14. 23 30. 23 46. 134 62. 14 78. 12

15. 124 31. 12 47. 34 63. 13 79. 12

16. 123 32. 2 48. 2 64. 123 80. 1234

Test about VENOUS AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS 1. The occipital venous sinus of the dura mater is in the base of:

1. falx cerebri

2. falx cerebelli

3. tentorium cerebelli

4. diafragmae cellae

2. What from the listed sinuses are formed only with the help of dura mater?

1. sinus rectus

2. sinus sagittalis superior

3. sinus sagittalis inferior

4. sinus sigmoideus

3. The transversus sinus is formed by the same groove on the occipital bone and:

1. falx cerebri

2. tentorium cerebelli

3. falx cerebelli

4. diaphragma sellae

4. Specify unpaired sinuses:

1. sinus petrosus superior

2. sinus rectus

3. sinus sagittalis superior

4. sinus occipitalis

5. Specify extracranial inflows of internal jugular vein:

1. v. facialis

2. v. occipitalis

3. v. auricularis posterior

4. v. retromandibularis

6. Specify intracranial inflows of internal jugular vein:

1. Sinuses of the dura mater

2. Veins of the dura mater

3. Veins of the skull

4. Veins of the brain

7. Specify main inflows of external jugular vein:

1. v. facialis

2. v. occipitalis

3. v. auricularis posterior

4. v. retromandibularis

8. Arcus venosus juguli is located in:

1. spatium interaponeuroticum suprasternale

2. spatium pretraheale

3. spatium interscalenum

4. spatium antescalenum

9. Vena thyroidea superior drains into:

1. v. jugularis externa

2. v. jugularis anterior

3. v. jugularis interna

4. v. vertebralis

10. Vena thyroidea media drains into:




4. v. vertebralis

11. Vena lingualis drains into:




4. v. vertebralis

12. Pharyngeal veins can drain into:




4. v. facialis

13. Vena thoracica interna drains into:

1. v. cava superior

2. v. brahiocephalica


4. v. subclavia

14. Vena vertebralis drains into:

1. v. cava superior



4. v. subclavia

15. What from the listed veins drain into v. brahiocephalica:

1. v. thyroidea superior

2. v. thyroidea media

3. v. thyroidea inferior

4. v. thyroidea ima

16. From which structures the blood drains into v. cava superior:

1. head

2. neck

3. upper limb

4. thoracic cage

17. Specify superficial veins of the upper limb:

1. vv. brachiales

2. v. cephalica

3. v. basilica

4. v. axillaries

18. What is concerned to v. basilica:

1. it passes on sulcus bicipitalis lateralis

2. it drains into humeral vein

3. it drains into axillary vein

4. it passes on sulcus bicipitalis medialis

19. What is concerned to v. cephalica:

1. it passes on sulcus bicipitalis lateralis

2. it drains into humeral vein

3. it drains into axillary vein

4. it passes on sulcus bicipitalis medialis

20. The v. axillaris is formed by:

1. vv. brachiales

2. v. cephalica

3. v. ulnaris

4. v. radialis

21. What from the listed veins drain into v. axillaris:

1. v. basilica

2. v. cephalica

3. v. ulnaris

4. v. radialis

22. V. thoracica lateralis drains into:

1. v. axillaries

2. v. subclavia


4. v. thoracica interna

23. V. thoracoacromialis drains into:

1. v. axillaries

2. v. subclavia



24. V. subscapularis drains into:

1. v. axillaries

2. v. subclavia



25. V. azigos drains into:


2. v. subclavia

3. v. cava superior

4. v. cava inferior

26. V. hemiazigos drains into:


2. v. subclavia

3. v. cava superior

4. v. azigos

27. Vv. intercostales posteriores drain into:

1. v. azigos

2. v. hemiazigos

3. v. hemiazigos accessoria

4. v. cava inferior

28. V. intercostalis superior dextra drains into:

1. v. azigos

2. v. hemiazigos


4. v. cava inferior

29. Veins, from vertebral plexux (rr. spinales) drain into:

1. v. azigos

2. v. hemiazigos


4. vv. intercostales posteriors

30. Vv. intervertebrales drain into:

1. v. vertebralis

2. v. azigos

3. vv. lumbales

4. vv. intercostales posteriors

31. Anterior external vertebral plexux are expressed mainly in the following parts of the spinal

column:

1. Cervical

2. Thoracic

3. Lumbar

4. Sacral

32. V. hemiazigos accessoria can drain into:

1. v. hemiazigos

2. v. subclavia

3. v. cava superior

4. v. azigos

33. Angulus venosus (the beginning of brachiocephalic veins) is behind:

1. External edge of the first rib

2. Articulatio acromioclavicularis

3. Coracoid process of the scapula

4. Sternal end of the clavicle

34. Vv. brachiоcephalicae are formed at fusion:


2. v. subclavia

3. v. azygos


35. What from the listed veins drain into v. subclavia:



3. v. vertebralis


36. V. subclavia is:

1. In the front of anterior scalenous muscle (spatium antescalenum)

2. Behind of anterior scalenous muscle (spatium interscalenum)

3. Anterioly from subclavial artery

4. Behind subclavial artery

37. What from the listed veins drain into sinus coronarius cordis:

1. v. cordis magna

2. v. cordis parva

3. v. cordis media

4. vv. cordis anteriores

38. From what organs blood drain into v. portae:

1. Stomach

2. Ilium

3. Kidney

4. Ovarium

39. What from the listed veins drain into v. portaе:

1. v. cystica

2. v. cava inferior

3. v. prepylorica

4. v. gastrica dextra

40. Vv. paraumbilicales drain into:

1. v. portaе

2. v. cava inferior


4. v. thoracica lateralis

41. What from the listed veins drain into v. cava inferior:

1. v. renalis dextra

2. v. renalis sinistra

3. v. suprarenalis dextra

4. v. suprarenalis sinistra

42. What from the listed veins drain into v. cava inferior:

1. v. ovarica dextra

2. v. ovarica sinistra

3. vv. lumbales

4. vv. lumbales ascendens

43. Vv. hepaticae drain into:

1. v. portaе

2. v. cava inferior

3. v. cava superior


44. What from the listed veins drain into v. lienalis:

1. vv. gastricae breves

2. v. gastroepiploica dextra

3. v. gastrica dextra

4. v. gastroepiploica sinistra

45. What from the listed veins drain into v. mesenterica superior:

1. v. gastrica sinistra

2. v. colica sinistra

3. v. colica dextra

4. v. colica media

46. What from the listed veins drain into v. mesenterica inferior:

1. v. sigmoidea

2. v. colica sinistra

3. v. colica dextra

4. v. colica media

47. What venous plexus are distinguished in the rectum:

1. plexus intermuscularis

2. plexus submucosus

3. plexus subfascialis

4. plexus subcutaneus

48. From what venous plexus the left v. rectalis superior originates:





49. From what venous plexus the left v. rectalis media originates:





50. From what venous plexus the left v. rectalis inferior originates:





51. V. rectalis inferior drain into:

1. v. iliaca interna

2. v. iliaca externa

3. v. pudenda interna

4. v. femoralis

52. At what level is the place of fusion of external and internal iliac veins:

1. vertebra lumbalis IV

2. vertebra lumbalis V

3. articulatio sacroiliaca

4. promontorium

53. V. epigastrica inferior drain into:



3. v. poplitea

4. v. femoralis

54. V. circumflexa ilium profunda drain into:



3. v. poplitea

4. v. femoralis

55. V. saphena parva usually drain into:

1. v. tibialis posterior

2. v. tibialis anterior

3. v. poplitea

4. v. femoralis

56. V. saphena magna usually drain into:



3. v. poplitea

4. v. femoralis

57. Superficial veins of the lower extremity are:

1. v. saphena magna

2. v. saphena parva

3. v. poplitea

4. v. femoralis

58. What from the veins of the lower extremity are unpaired:

1. v. saphena magna

2. v. saphena parva

3. v. tibialis posterior

4. v. poplitea

59. In what departments of vascular system of fetus there is the mixing of arterial and venous blood:

1. In the place where ductus venosus drains into v. cava inferior

2. In the place of origin of umbilical arteries from internal iliac artery

3. In the right atrium

4. In the place where ductus arteriosus drains into aorta

60. What is present on the place of the ductus arteriosus in adult?

1. lig. arteriosum

2. lig. venosum

3. lig. teres hepatis

4. lig. sternopericardialis

61. To the central organs of immunal system concern:

1. thymus

2. bone marrow

3. spleen

4. lymph nodes

62. To peripheral organs of immunal system concern:

1. folliculi limphatici aggregati

2. lymph nodes

3. thymus

4. spleen

63. To lymphatic system concern:

1. Lymphatic capillaries

2. Precapillaries

3. Postcapillaries

4. Lymphatic vessels

64. Ductus thoracicus is formed by the following lymphatic trunks:

1. tr. jugularis dexter

2. tr. jugularis sinister

3. tr. lumbalis dexter

4. tr. lumbalis sinister

65. Ductus thoracicus passes through the diaphragm in:

1. trigonum lumbocostalis

2. hiatus oesophageus

3. hiatus aorticus

4. foramen venae cavae

66. Ductus lymphaticus dexter is formed by the following lymphatic trunks:

1. tr. jugularis dexter

2. tr. jugularis sinister

3. tr. bronchomediastinalis dexter

4. tr. subclavius dexter

67. What lymphatic trunks are in the human body?

1. tr. jugularis

2. tr. brahiocephalicus

3. tr. bronchomediastinalis

4. tr. subclavius

68. In what departments of the digestive system the folliculi limphatici aggregati are located:

1. appendix vermiformis

2. stomach

3. ilium

4. rectum

69. From what parts of the body the lymph drains in the left venous angle?

1. The lower limb

2. The right half of stomach

3. The left half of head

4. The right half of chest

70. Name the place of flowing of lymphatic channels in blood channel:

1. atrium dexter

2. angulus venosus


4. v. cava inferior

71. Where lymphatic capillaries are abcent:

1. lens

2. brain

3. dura mater of the spinal cord

4. red bone marrow

72. What is true for ductus thoracicus?

1. It drains into the right venous angle

2. It drains into the left venous angle

3. On the greater part of the way it lays behind of the aorta

4. It passes through the diaphragm through hiatus oesophageus

73. The cysterna of thoracic duct is usually located:

1. At level of left venous angle

2. At level of right venous angle

3. At level Th12-L3

4. At level L4-L5

74. The ductus thoracicus drains into the left venous angle at the level of:

1. 7 cervical vertebrae

2. 1 thoracic vertebrae



75. What is the difference between intestinal folliculi lymphatici and lymph nodes?

1. cortical substance

2. medullar substance

3. afferent vessels

4. efferent vessels

76. That from below-mentioned is typically for spleen:

1. Intraperitoneal position

2. Extraperitoneal position

3. Does not contain lymphatic capillaries in the parenchime

4. The central organ of immune system

77. Name similarities of lymphatic and venous systems:

1. Development

2. Outflow in the central direction

3. Presence of valves

4. A structure of wall of vessels

78. Lymphatic vessels may be:

1. Superficial

2. Deep

3. Intraorgan

4. Extraorgan

79. Name the factors providing movement of lymph:

1. Filtrational pressure

2. Presence of valves

3. Contraction of surraunding skeletal muscles

4. Pumping action of the thoracic cage

80. Lymphatic vessels in the porta of lymph nodes are called:

1. Portal

2. Afferent

3. Efferent

4. Central

81. The sinus located under the capsule of lymph nodes is called:

1. Extreme

2. Main

3. Marginal

4. Intermediate

82. The first lymph nodes on the way of outflow of lymph from organ or parts of body are called:

1. Primary

2. Peripheral

3. Basic

4. Regional

83. What is typically for lymphatic trunks?

1. Have valves

2. Do not interrupt with lymph nodes

3. Interrupt with lymph nodes

4. Drain into ducts

84. That is typically for lymphatic ducts:

1. Do not interrupt with lymph nodes

2. Interrupt with lymph nodes

3. Drain into a veins

4. Drain into an arteries

85. Superficial lymphatic vessels of the inferior departments of the anterior abdominal wall usually

go to lymph nodes :

1. lnn. lumbales

2. lnn. inguinales profundi

3. lnn. inguinales superficialis

4. lnn. axillaris superficialis

86. Superficial lymphatic vessels of the superior departments of the anterior abdominal wall usually

go to lymph nodes:

1. lnn. lumbales




87. Deep lymphatic vessels of the anterior abdominal wall usually go to lymph nodes:

1. lnn. lumbales

2. lnn. iliaci externi


4. lnn. axillares superficialis

88. Regional lymph nodes for the little finger of the hand are:


2. lnn. axillaris profundi

3. lnn. cubitalis

4. lnn. jugularis

89. Regional lymph nodes for the little finger of the foot are:



3. lnn. poplitei


90. Regional lymph nodes for the uterus are:

1. lnn. iliaci interni



4. lnn. mesenterici inf.

91. Regional lymph nodes for the rectum are:



3. lnn. sacrales

4. lnn. lumbales

92. Regional lymph nodes for the anus are:

1. lnn. lumbales

2. lnn. mesenterici superiores



93. Regional lymph nodes for the urinary bladder are:

1. lnn. inguvinales profundi

2. lnn. lumbales



94. Regional lymph nodes for the external female and male genital organs and perineum are:

1. lnn. inguvinales superficiales

2. lnn. lumbales



95. Regional lymph nodes for the lateral part of the mamillary gland are:

1. lnn. axillares superficiales

2. lnn. supraclaviculares

3. lnn. parasternalis

4. lnn. retrosternalis

96. Regional lymph nodes for the upper medial part of the mamillary gland are:





97. Regional lymph nodes for the lower medial part of the mamillary gland are:





98. The lymph from occipital, temporal and parietal areas of the head flows to lymph nodes:

1. lnn. occipitales

2. lnn. retroauriculares

3. lnn. parotidei superficiales

4. lnn. submentales et submandibulares

99. A lymph from the skin of forehead, auricle, external acoustical meatus and upper lip flows to

lymph nodes:

1. lnn. occipitales




100. The lymph from the skin of lower lip flows to lymph nodes:

1. lnn. occipitales





2. 13 22. 1 42. 13 62. 124 82. 4

3. 2 23. 1 43. 2 63. 134 83. 124

4. 234 24. 1 44. 14 64. 34 84. 13

5. 14 25. 3 45. 34 65. 3 85. 3

6. 1234 26. 4 46. 12 66. 134 86. 4

7. 23 27. 123 47. 234 67. 134 87. 2

8. 1 28. 1 48. 3 68. 13 88. 3

9. 3 29. 4 49. 3 69. 123 89. 3

10. 3 30. 134 50. 4 70. 2 90. 1

11. 3 31. 14 51. 3 71. 1234 91. 13

12. 34 32. 14 52. 3 72. 23 92. 3

13. 2 33. 4 53. 2 73. 3 93. 3

14. 2 34. 24 54. 2 74. 1 94. 13

15. 34 35. 12 55. 3 75. 34 95. 1

16. 1234 36. 13 56. 4 76. 13 96. 2

17. 23 37. 123 57. 12 77. 1234 97. 34

18. 24 38. 12 58. 124 78. 1234 98. 12

19. 13 39. 134 59. 134 79. 1234 99. 3

20. 1 40. 1 60. 1 80. 3 100. 4

Test about PERIFIREAL NERVE SYSTEM

1. Which anatomic formations concern to peripheral nervous system:

1. Lateral intermediate substance in lateral columns of a spinal cord;

2. Spinal nerves;

3. Nerves of a sympathetic part of vegetative nervous system;

4. Ganglions of spinal nerves;

2. Specify, by what spinal nerves are formed:

1. Processes of neurons of anterior horns of a spinal cord;

2. Processes of neurons of hemispheres of a brain;

3. Processes of cells spinal ganglions;

4. Processes of neurons of nuclei of a brainstem;

3. Specify the nervous fibers, incorporating spinal nerves:

1. Parasympathetic;

2. Sensory;

3. Sympathetic;

4. Motor;

4. Specify anatomic formations to which posterior branches of spinal nerves approach:

1. Deep muscles of a back;

2. Skin of dorsal surface of a trunk;

3. Skin of gluteal region;

4. Posterior muscles of the thigh;

5. Specify branches of a cervical plexus:

1. N. auricularis magnus;

2. N. transversus colli;

3. N. occipitalis minor;

4. Nn. supraclaviculares;

6. Specify nerves which branches participate in formation of an ansa cervicalis:

1. N. facialis;

2. N. accessorius;

3. Plexus cervicalis;

4. N. hypoglossus;

7. Specify anatomic formations, which phrenic nerve innervates:

1. Pericardium;

2. Peritoneum;

3. Liver;

4. Pleura;

8. Specify anatomic formations, which n. transversus colli innervates:

1. Trapezoid muscle;

2. Sternocleidomastoid muscle;

3. Skin of anterior area of a neck;

4. Skin of lateral area of a neck;

9. Specify area of innervation of supraclavicular nerves:

1. Skin above deltoid muscle;

2. Skin above pectoralis major muscle;

3. Skin of posterior area of a neck;

4. Skin of anterior area of a neck;

10. Specify nerves which concern to short branches of a brachial plexus:

1. N. thoracicus longus;

2. N. axillaris;

3. Nn. pectorales medialis et lateralis;

4. N. cutaneus brachii medialis;

11. Specify muscles, which subscapular nerve innervates:

1. M. deltoideus;

2. M. teres major;

3. M. teres minor;


12. Specify muscles, which dorsal nerve of scapula innervates:

1. M. scalenus posterior;


3. M. rhomboideus;

4. M. deltoideus;

13. Which anatomic formations an axillary nerve innervates:

1. M. teres major;

2. M. teres minor;

3. M. deltoideus;

4. Capsula of a shoulder joint;

14. Specify nerves which originate from a medial bunch of a brachial plexus:

1. N. ulnaris;

2. N. radialis;

3. N. musculocutaneus;

4. N. cutaneus brachii medialis;

15. Specify anatomic formations, which a musculocutaneus nerve innervates:

1. Capsula of ashoulder joint;

2. Subscapular muscle;

3. Capsula of elbow joint;

4. Coracobrachial muscle;

16. Specify areas of a forearm, which n. cutaneus antebrachii lateralis innervates:

1. Area of antero-medial surface of a forearm;

2. Area of antero-lateral surface of a forearm;

3. Area of posterior surface of a forearm;

4. Area of posterior surface of a hand;

17. Specify anatomic structures, which ulnar nerve innervates:



3. Pars medialis m. flexor digitorum profundus;

4. Art. cubiti;

18. Specify muscles of a hand, which ulnar nerve innervates:

1. M. flexor digiti minimi brevis;


3. M. opponens digiti minimi;

4. Mm. interossei palmares;

19. Specify anatomic formations, which median nerve innervates:

1. Art. cubiti;

2. M. abductor pollicis brevis;

3. M. flexor digiti minimi brevis;

4. Capsula art. cubiti;

20. What anatomical formations a radial nerve innervates:


2. M. brachialis;

3. M. anconeus;

4. Capsula of elbow joint;

21. Specify nerves, which innervate an elbow joint:


2. N. medianus;

3. N. radialis;

4. N. ulnaris;

22. Specify nerves, which innervate a radiocarpal joint:


2. N. radialis;

3. N. ulnaris;

4. N. medianus;

23. Specify muscles, which are innervated by anterior branches of thoracic spinal nerves:

1. Mm. subcostales;

2. M. transversus thoracis;

3. Mm. levatores costarum;


24. Specify the nerves being branches of a lumbar plexus:

1. N. iliohypogastricus;

2. N. subcostalis;

3. N. obturatorius;

4. N. cutaneus femoris lateralis;

25. Specify the nerves being branches of a sacral plexus:

1. N. genitofemoralis;

2. N. pudendus;

3. N. cutaneus femoris posterior;

4. N. cutaneus femoris lateralis;

26. Specify what n. ilioinguinalis innervates:

1. Skin of pubis;

2. Skin of scrotum and major pudendal lips;

3. Skin of the inferior part of a gluteal region;

4. Coats of testis;

27. Specify muscles, which n. iliohypogastricus innervates:

1. M. transversus abdominis;

2. M. obliguus internus abdominis;

3. Diaphragma;


28. What anatomic formations are innervated by n. obturatorius:

1. M. pectineus;

2. M. gracilis;

3. Skin of a medial surface of a thigh;

4. Capsula of hip joint;

29. Specify anatomic formations, which femoral nerve innervates:

1. M. gracilis;

2. M. sartorius;

3. M. pectineus;

4. M. triceps surae;

30. Name branches of a sciatic nerve:

1. To posterior muscles of a thigh;

2. To medial muscles of a thigh;

3. To the long head of a biceps femoris muscle;

4. To the short head of a biceps femoris muscle;

31. Specify the nerves being short branches of sacral plexus:

1. N. pudendus;

2. N. genitofemoralis;

3. N. gluteus superior;

4. N. gluteus inferior;

32. Specify the nerves passing through infrapiriform foramen:

1. Internal obturator nerve;

2. Pudendal nerve;

3. Sciatic nerve;

4. Obturator nerve;

33. Specify the branches departing from a pudendal nerve:

1. Nn. rectales interiores;

2. Nn. perinei;

3. Nn. scrotales posteriores;

4. Nn. clunium inferiores;

34. Specify a nerve, which innervates m. gluteus maximus:

1. N. ischiadicus;

2. N. gluteus inferior;


4. N. femoralis;

35. Specify, what anatomic formations n. gluteus superior innervates:

1. M. gluteus maximus;

2. Art. coxae;

3. M. gluteus medius;

4. M. tensor fasciae latae;

36. Specify muscles, which superficial peroneal nerve innervates:





37. Specify muscles, which deep peroneal nerve innervates:


2. M. extensor digitorum longus;

3. M. extensor hallucis longus;

4. M. extensor digitorum brevis;

38. Specify branches of tibial nerve:

1. N. cutaneus surae medialis;

2. Rami musculares;

3. N. plantaris lateralis pedis;

4. N. cutaneus dorsalis medialis;

39. Specify muscles of a leg, which tibial nerve innervates:





40. Specify muscles, which lateral plantar nerve innervates:

1. M. quadratus plantae;




41. Specify muscles, which medial plantar nerve innervates:





42. Specify, which branches depart from a spinal nerve:

1. Ramus communicans to a sympathetic trunk;

2. Ramus meningeus;

3. Ramus ventralis;

4. Ramus dorsalis;

43. Specify, how the posterior branch of the first cervical nerve is called:

1. N. suboccipitalis;

2. N. occipitalis major;

3. N. occipitalis minor;

4. N. transversus colli;

44. Specify, how the posterior cutaneus branches of three upper lumbar nerves are called:

1. Nn. clunium medii;

2. Nn. clunium superiores;



45. Specify, how the posterior cutaneus branches of sacral nerves are called:

1. Nn. clunium medii;

2. Nn. clunium superiores;



46. The cervical plexus is formed by:

1. Posterior branches of 8 cervical nerves;

2. Anterior branches of 8 cervical nerves;

3. Anterior branches of 4 upper cervical nerves;

4. Anterior branches of 3 upper and posterior branches of 5 lower cervical nerves;

47. The brachial plexus is formed by:

1. Anterior branches of 6 lower thoracic nerves;

2. Anterior and posterior branches of 4 upper thoracic nerves;

3. Anterior branches of all thoracic nerves;

4. Anterior branches of 4 lower cervical and a part of 1 thoracic nerve;

48. The lumbar plexus is formed by:

1. Anterior branches of 3 upper lumbar nerves and the upper part of 4 lumbar nerve;

2. Anterior branches of all lumbar nerves;

3. Anterior branches of 3 upper and posterior branches of 2 lower lumbar nerves;

4. Anterior branches of 3 lower lumbar and 2 upper sacral nerves;

49. The sacral plexus is formed by:

1. Anterior branches of all sacral nerves;

2. Posterior branches of all sacral nerves;

3. Anterior branches of 2 lower lumbar and 2 upper sacral nerves;

4. Anterior branch of 4 lumbar (the lower part) and 5 lumbar nerves and anterior branches of 4

upper sacral nerves;

50. Specify, what nerves pass through foramen suprapiriforme:

1. N. femoralis;

2. N. pudendus;


4. N. ischiadicus;


1. 234 11. 24 21. 234 31. 134 41. 24

2. 134 12. 23 22. 234 32. 23 42. 1234

3. 234 13. 234 23. 1234 33. 123 43. 1

4. 124 14. 14 24. 134 34. 2 44. 2

5. 1234 15. 4 25. 23 35. 34 45. 1

6. 34 16. 2 26. 12 36. 23 46. 3

7. 1234 17. 234 27. 12 37. 1234 47. 4

8. 3 18. 1234 28. 1234 38. 123 48. 1

9. 12 19. 12 29. 23 39. 234 49. 4

10. 123 20. 34 30. 13 40. 14 50. 3

Test about VEGETATIVE NERVOUS SYSTEM 1. The vegetative nervous system gives functional innervation to:

1. To skeletal muscles;

2. To smooth muscular fibers of internal organs;

3. To smooth muscular fibers of vessels;

4. To glandular tissue;

2. Specify a location of bodies of sensitive (1st) neurons of vegetative reflex arches:

1. Spinal ganglion;

2. Posterior horns of the spinal cord;

3. Sensory ganglions of cranial nerves;

4. Vegetative ganglions;

3. Specify a location of bodies of junction neurons of vegetative reflex arches:

1. Nuclei of the posterior horn of the spinal cord;

2. Intermediolateral nucleus of the spinal cord;

3. Vegetative nucleus of cranial nerves;

4. Spinal ganglions;

4. Specify a location of bodies of motor neurons of vegetative reflex arches:

1. Vegetative nucleus of cranial nerves;


3. Nuclei of anterior horn of the spinal cord;


5. Specify, which ganglions concern to sympathetic nervous system:

1. Paravertebral (1st order);

2. Prevertebral (2nd order);

3. Paraorganic;

4. Intraorganic;

6. Specify functions of vegetative ganglion:

1. Reflex;

2. Switching an impulse from pre- to postganglionar fiber;

3. Receptor;

4. Conducting;

7. What segmentary centers concern to parasympathetic nervous system:

1. Mesencephalic part;

2. Bulbar part;

3. Thoracolumbar part;

4. Sacral part;

8. Specify vegetative nuclei of bulbar part:

1. Nucl. accessorius n. oculomotorii;

2. Nucl. Salivatorius superior;

3. Nucl. Salivatorius inferior;

4. Nucl. dorsalis n. vagi;

9. Specify the location of the supreme vegetative centers:

1. Medulla oblongata;

2. Cerebellum;

3. Hypothalamus;

4. Nuclei of colliculi of the midbrain;

10. What from the listed features are characteristic for vegetative nervous system?

1. Segmentary location of the centers;

2. Thin myelin coat of nervous fibers;

3. Presence of peripheral reflex arches;

4. Principle of polisegmentar innervations of the organs;

11. Specify distinctive features, characteristic for sympathetic department of VNS:

1. Short postganglionar fibers;

2. Universality of distribution;

3. Guarding role;

4. Adaptation and trophic function;

12. Which from the listed ganglions of a sympathetic trunk have white connecting branches:

1. G. cervicale superius;

2. G. cervicale medium;

3. Gg. thoracica;

4. Gg. sacralia;

13. Specify, which ganglions of a sympathetic trunk have grey connecting branches:

1. Gg. cervicalia;

2. Gg. thoracica;

3. Gg. lumbalia;

4. Gg. sacralia;

14. Specify branches, which depart from a sympathetic trunk:

1. Rr. communicantes albi;

2. Rr. meningei;

3. Rr. communicantes grisei;

4. Nn. splanchnici;

15. Specify, in structure of which nerves preganglionar sympathetic fibers pass:

1. Rr. communicantes grisei; 2. Rr. communicantes albi;

3. N. petrosus profundus;

4. Nn. splanchnici;

16. Specify branches, which depart from the superior cervical ganglion:

1. Rr. communicantes albi;


3. N. vertebralis;

4. N. caroticus internus;

17. Specify branches, which depart from cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion:

1. N. vertebralis;

2. N. cardiacus cervicalis inferior;

3. Nn. carotici externi;

4. Rr. laryngopharyngei;

18. Specify the branches departing from an internal carotid plexus:

1. N. petrosus major;

2. N. tympanicus;

3. Nn. caroticotympanici;


19. Specify branches of a thoracic part of a sympathetic trunk:

1. N. splanchnicus major;

2. N. phrenicus;

3. Nn. cardiaci thoracici;


20. Specify structure of fibers of nn. Splanchnici major et minor:

1. Parasympathetic fibers;

2. Sympathetic fibers;

3. Somatomotor fibers;

4. Sensory fibers;

21. Specify vegetative ganglions, which are part of plexus coeliacus:

1. G. mesentericum superius;

2. G. mesentericum inferius;

3. Gg. coeliaci;

4. Gg. aorticorenalia;

22. Specify the nerves participating in formation of a plexus coeliacus:

1. N. vagus;

2. N. phrenicus;

3. N. splanchnicus major;

4. Nn. splanchnici lumbales;

23. What from the listed ganglions are part of plexus hypogastricus inferior:

1. Gg. coeliaci;


3. Gg. sacralia trunci sympathici;

4. Paraorganic pelvic ganglions;

24. Specify, which structures participate in formation of plexus hypogastricus inferior:

1. Nn. splanchnici sacrales;

2. Nn. splanchnici pelvini;

3. Plexus mesentericus inferior;

4. N. vagus;

25. Specify, which from the listed ganglions concern to parasympathetic:

1. G. oticum;

2. G. pterygopalatinum;

3. G. ciliare;

4. Gg. coeliaci;

26. Specify the branches departing from g. pterygopalatinum:

1. Nn. palatini;

2. Rr. pharyngei;

3. Nn. ciliares breves;

4. Rr. nasales posteriores;

27. Specify muscles, which receive parasympathetic innervation:

1. M. dilatator pupillae;

2. M. stapedius;

3. M. ciliaris;

4. M. sphincter pupillae;

28. Specify structure of fibers of the vagus nerve:

1. Somatomotor;

2. Sensory;

3. Parasympathetic;

4. Sympathetic;

29. Specify structure of fibers of nn. splanchnici pelvini:

1. Somatomotor;

2. Sensory;

3. Sympathetic;

4. Parasympathetic;

30. Specify a location of bodies of first neurons of interceptive analyzer:


2. Spinal ganglions;

3. Ganglions of cranial nerves;


31. Where bodies of second neurons of interceptive analyzer are situated:

1. Nuclei of posterior horns of the spinal cord;

2. Nucl. gracilis et cuneatus;

3. Nuclei intermediolaterales of the spinal cord;

4. Nuclei of anterior horns of the spinal cord;

32. Specify a location of cortical center of interceptive analyzer:

1. Gyrus precentralis;

2. Gyrus temporalis superior;

3. Gyrus angularis;

4. Gyrus postcentralis;

33. Specify sympathetic and parasympathetic segmentary centers of innervation of organs of the

abdominal cavity:

1. Nuclei intermediolaterales of thoracic segments of the spinal cord;

2. Nuclei intermediolaterales of lumbar segments of the spinal cord;

3. Nuclei intermediolaterales of sacral segments of the spinal cord;


34. Specify the parasympathetic segmentary centers for organs of pelvis:

1. Nuclei intermediolaterales of lumbar segments of the spinal cord;

2. Nuclei intermediolaterales of sacral segments of the spinal cord;


4. Vegetative ganglions of the pelvis;

35. Specify the locations of sensory neurons for organs of a pelvis:

1. Plexus hypogastricus inferior;


3. Lumbar spinal ganglions;

4. Sacral spinal ganglions;

36. Specify vegetative ganglion from which secretary fibers go to lacrimal gland:

1. G. ciliare;

2. G. pterygopalatinum;

3. G. oticum;

4. G. submandibulare;

37. Specify a nerve in structure of which preganglionar parasympathetic fibers for parotid gland

pass:


2. N. petrosus minor;

3. Chorda tympani;


38. In structure of which nerve preganglionar parasympathetic fibers for sublingual salivary

gland pass:

1. N. petrosus minor

2. N. petrosus major

3. N. tympanicus

4. Chorda tympani

39. Specify the sympathetic and parasympathetic segmentary centers of innervation of heart:

1. Cervical ganglions of the sympathetic trunk;

2. Nuclei intermediolaterales of the upper thoracic segments of the spinal cord;

3. Nuclei intermediolaterales of the lower thoracic segments of the spinal cord;


40. Specify vegetative ganglions from which postganglionar sympathetic fibers to heart depart:


2. G. cervicale medium;

3. G. cervicale inferius;

4. Gg. thoracica trunci sympathici;

41. Specify the locations of sensory neurons for heart:

1. Ganglions of the sympathetic trunk;

2. Cervical spinal ganglions; 3. Thoracic spinal ganglions;

4. Ganglions of the vagus nerve;

42. Specify vegetative ganglions from which postganglionar sympathetic fibers to lungs depart:


2. G. cervicothoracicum;

3. Gg. thoracica trunci sympathici;

4. Gg. terminalia;

43. Specify the segmentary centers of sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of sigmoid

colon:



3. Nuclei intermediolaterales of the upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord;

4. Nuclei intermediolaterales of the sacral segments of the spinal cord;

44. Specify nervous fibers, supplying rectum:

1. Sensory;

2. Somatomotor;

3. Parasympathetic;

4. Sympathetic;

45. Specify vegetative ganglions from which postganglionar sympathetic fibers to testis depart:

1. Gg. trunci sympathici;

2. Gg. aorticorenalia;



46. Specify the sympathetic and parasympathetic segmentary centers of innovation of a urinary

bladder:



3. Nuclei intermediolaterales of the lumbar segments of the spinal cord;

4. Nuclei intermediolaterales of the sacral segments of the spinal cord;

47. Specify vegetative ganglions from which postganglionar fibers to urinary bladder depart:

1. Gg. coeliaci;



4. Gg. terminalia;


1. 234 11. 24 21. 134 31. 12 41. 1234

2. 134 12. 3 22. 1234 32. 14 42. 23

3. 23 13. 1234 23. 4 33. 14 43. 34

4. 4 14. 34 24. 123 34. 2 44. 1234

5. 12 15. 24 25. 123 35. 1234 45. 2

6. 1234 16. 24 26. 14 36. 1 46. 34

7. 124 17. 12 27. 34 37. 2 47. 234

8. 234 18. 34 28. 123 38. 4

9. 123 19. 134 29. 24 39. 24

10. 234 20. 24 30. 123 40. 1234

Test about ANALAIZERS

1. The analyzer consists of:

1. Periferal part;

2. Conducting part;

3. Central part;

4. Intermediate part;

2. Name the coats, from which eyeball consist of:

1. Tunica mucosa;

2. Tunica fibrosa;


4. Tunica vasculosa;

3. Specify, from what parts the tunica fibrosa consists of eyeball consists of:

1. Tunica conjunctiva;

2. Sclera;

3. Cornea;

4. Iris;

4. Specify anatomical formation of the eye, in which the venous sinus (Shlemmov’s canal) is

situated:

1. Corpus ciliare;

2. Sclera;

3. Iris;

4. Cornea;

5. Specify the departments of the vascular coat:

1. Retina;

2. Corpus ciliare;

3. Iris;

4. Sclera

6. M. ciliaris consists of fibers:

1. Circular;

2. Radial;

3. Oblique;

4. Meridianal;

7. Specify, in what anatomical structure the pupil of an eye is located:

1. Cornea;

2. Sclera;

3. Iris;

4. Corpus vitreum;

8. Specify the parts of the retina:

1. Pars optica;

2. Pars caeca;

3. Pars pigmentosa;

4. Pars nervosa;

9. Specify the place of the most acute vision:

1. Discus n. optici;

2. Ora serrata;

3. Fovea centralis maculae; 4. Iris;

10. To the светопреломляющих medium of the eye concern:

1. Lens;

2. Humor aquosus;

3. Corpus vitreum;

4. Cornea;

11. Specify structures, which limit the anterior chamber of the eye:

1. Lens;

2. Cornea;

3. Sclera;

4. Iris;

12. Specify structures, which limit the posterior chamber of the eye:

1. Corpus ciliare;

2. Iris;

3. Corpus vitreum;

4. Lens;

13. Specify the muscles, which begin from the common tendineus ring:

1. M. obliquus inferior;

2. M. obliquus superior;

3. M. rectus superior;

4. M. rectus lateralis;

14. To the auxiliary organs of the eye concern:

1. Supercilium;

2. Tunica conjunctiva;

3. Ductus nasociliaris;

4. Pupil of an eye;

15. Specify anatomical structures, being included in lacrimal device:

1. Glandula lacrimalis;

2. Caruncula lacrimalis;

3. Saccus lacrimalis;

4. Glandulae tarsales;

16. The visual analyzer consists of:

1. Photoreceptors of retina;

2. N. opticus;

3. Corpus geniculatum mediale;

4. Thalamus;

17. Specify location of the cortical end of the visual analyzer:

1. Gyrus postcentralis;


3. Cuneus;

4. Gyrus lingualis;

18. For organ of vision of newborn is characteristic:

1. Cornea is thinner;

2. Cornea is thicker;

3. Iris is thin, convex anteriorly; 4. Iris is thick, convex posteriorly;

19. Specify from what embryonic layer the lens of the eye develops:

1. Mesoderm;

2. Ectoderm;

3. Entoderm;

4. Mesenchyma;

20. Name structures of the auricle:

1. Antitragus;

2. Tragus;

3. Anthelix;

4. Crura helix;

21. Name parts of the meatus acusticus externus:

1. Cartilagineus part;

2. Bone part;

3. Intermediate part;

4. Isthmus;

22. The tympanic membrane separates:

1. External ear from internal one;

2. External ear from middle one;

3. External ear from auditory tube;

4. Middle ear from internal one;

23. Specify place of localizations greasy and chamois glands of the ear:

1. Skin of the tympanic membrane;

2. Mucous coat of the tympanic membrane;

3. Skin of the cartilaginous part of the meatus acusticus externus;

4. Skin of the bone part of the meatus acusticus externus;

24. Which part of tympanic membrane has not fibrous fibers?

1. Inferior;

2. Anterior;

3. Posterior;

4. Superior;

25. Name layers of the tympanic membrane:

1. Muscular layer;

2. Mucous layer;

3. Skin;

4. Connective-tissue layer;

26. Specify anatomical structures, referring to middle ear:

1. Tuba auditiva;

2. Cavitas tympanica;

3. Auditory bones;

4. Vestibulum;

27. Specify anterior and posterior walls of the tympanic cavity:

1. Paries caroticus;

2. Paries mastoideus;

3. Paries jugularis; 4. Paries labyrinthicus

28. Specify anatomical structures on the medial wall of the tympanic cavity:

1. Ostium tympanicum tubae auditivae;

2. Fenestra vestibule;

3. Canalis musculotubarius;

4. Eminentia piramidalis;

29. The tuba auditiva is opened in:

1. Cavitas tympani;

2. Meatus acusticus externus;

3. Pharynx;


30. Specify what muscles rise from cartilaginous part of the tuba auditiva:

1. M. constcrictor pharyngis superior;


3. M. tensor veli palatine;

4. M. levator velli palatine;

31. Name anatomical structures, referring to internal ear:

1. Cochlea;

2. Tuba auditiva;

3. Vestibulum;

4. Labyrinthus membranaceus;

32. Specify, what structures are parts of the bone labyrinth?

1. Canales semicirculares;

2. Cochlea;

3. Vestibulum;

4. Tuba auditiva;

33. Specify place of localizations of the vestibulum labyrinthi:

1. In front of cochlea;

2. Behind from cochlea;

3. In front of canales semicirculares;

4. Behind from canales semicirculares;

34. Name, how many holes are opened in vestibulum:

1. - 3

2. - 4

3. - 5

4. - 6

35. Specify names of canales semicirculares:

1. Canalis semicircularis anterior;

2. Canalis semicircularis medialis;

3. Canalis semicircularis lateralis;

4. Canalis semicircularis posterior;

36. Specify what crus canales semicirculares have:

1. Crus simplex;

2. Crus ampullare;

3. Crus commune; 4. Double crus;

37. Specify what from canales semicirculares form the common crus:

1. Anterior and posterior;

2. Posterior and lateral;

3. Lateral and anterior;

4. Medial and lateral;

38. Specify which canalis semicircularis is horizontal:

1. Medial;

2. Lateral;

3. Anterior;

4. Posterior;

39. Which structures of the membraneus labyrinth are situated in the vestibulum:

1. Canalis spiralis cochleae;

2. Ampulae membranaceae;

3. Sacculus;

4. Utriculus;

40. Specify place of localizations of the ciliary cells, perceiving change the position of the head

in space:

1. Ampulae membranaceae;

2. Ductus cochlearis;

3. Sacculus;

4. Utriculus;

41. The ciliar cells of the spiral organ are situated on:

1. Lamina basilaris;

2. Paries vestibularis

3. Ductus cochlearis;

4. Membrana tympani secundaria;

42. Specify subcortical centers of hearing:

1. Colliculi superiores tecti mesencephali;

2. Colliculi inferiores tecti mesencephali;

3. Thalamus;


43. Which structures of the brain are formed by auditory fibers?

1. Corpus trapezoideum;

2. Striae medullares ventriculi quarti;

3. Lemniscus lateralis;

4. Velum medullare superius;

44. Specify place of location of the cortical end of the auditory analyzer:

1. Gyrus angularis;

2. Gyrus supramarginalis;


4. Gyrus frontalis superior;

45. Specify location of second neuron of the stato-kynetic analyzer:

1. Nucl fastigii;

2. Nucl. vestibularis superior; 3. Nucl. lateralis thalami;

4. Nucl. hypothalamicus posterior;

46. Specify with what nucleus of the cerebellum the vestibular nuclei are directly connected:

1. Nucl. dentatus;

2. Nucl. fastigii;

3. Nucl. emboliformis;

4. Nucl. globosus;

47. The organ of hearing has specific features in newborn:

1. External auditory meatus is narrow and long;

2. External auditory meatus is short and wide;

3. Tuba auditiva is short and wide;

4. Tuba auditiva is narrow and long;

48. Specify the place of location of the taste bulbs:

1. Mucous coat of the dorsum linguae;

2. Mucous coat of the soft palate;

3. Mucous coat of the epiglottis;

4. Mucous coat of the cheek;

49. Specify the location of the first neuron of the taste analyzer:

1. G. geniculi;

2. G. inferius n. glossopharyngei;

3. G. inferius n. vagi.

4. G. trigeminale;

50. Specify the location of the second neuron of the taste analyzer:

1. Nucl. gracilis et cuneatus;

2. Nucl. solitarius;


4. Nucl. pontinus n. trigemini;

51. Specify the location of the third neuron of the taste analyzer:


2. Corpus geniculatum laterale;

3. Nucl. lateralis thalami;

4. Nucl. caudatus;

52. Specify the location of cortical end of the taste analyzer:

1. Gyrus frontalis superior;

2. Gyrus supramarginalis;

3. Cuneus;

4. Uncus gyrus parahypocampalis, operculum;

53. Specify the location of the first neuron of the olfactory analyzer:

1. Regio olfactoria of the mucous coat of cavity of the nose;

2. Bulbus olfactorius;

3. Trigonum olfactorium;

4. Substantia perforata anterior;

54. Specify the location of the second neuron of the olfactory analyzer:


2. Tractus olfactorius; 3. Trigonum olfactorium;


55. Specify the location of the third neuron of the olfactory analyzer:

1. Tractus olfactorius;

2. Trigonum olfactorium;


4. Septum pellucidum;

56. Specify the location of the cortical end of the olfactory analyzer:

1. Gyrus frontalis inferior;

2. Gyrus temporalis inferior;

3. Uncus gyrus parahypocampalis;

4. Cuneus;


2. 24 15. 123 28. 2 41. 1 54. 1

3. 23 16. 124 29. 13 42. 24 55. 234

4. 2 17. 34 30. 34 43. 123 56. 3

5. 23 18. 23 31. 134 44. 3

6. 124 19. 2 32. 123 45. 2

7. 3 20. 123 33. 23 46. 2

8. 1234 21. 12 34. 4 47. 13

9. 3 22. 2 35. 134 48. 123

10. 1234 23. 3 36. 123 49. 123

11. 24 24. 4 37. 1 50. 2

12. 124 25. 234 38. 2 51. 3

13. 234 26. 123 39. 34 52. 4

Test about CRANIAL NERVES

1. Specify the nervous fibers incorporating oculomotor nerve:

1. Motor fibers;

2. Afferent fibers;

3. Sympathetic fibers;


2. Specify muscles, which are innervated by the superior branch of oculomotor nerve:

1. M. levator palpebrae superioris;

2. M. rectus inferior;

3. M. rectus medialis;


3. Specify muscles, which are innervated by trochlear nerve:




4. M. rectus medialis;

4. Specify muscles, which are innervated by abducens nerve:





5. Specify nerves, which innervate a skin of the face:

1. N. facialis;

2. N. ophthalmicus;

3. N. maxillaris;

4. N. mandibularis;

6. Specify structure of nervous fibers n. ligualis up to the fusion with a chorda tympani:

1. Fibers of the common sensitivity;

2. Flavouring fibers;

3. Motor fibers;


7. Specify branches, which depart from an ophthalmic nerve:

1. N. lacrimalis;

2. N. infraorbitalis;

3. N. frontalis;

4. N. nasociliaris;

8. Specify branches, which depart from mandibular nerve:

1. N. buccinatorius;

2. N. auriculotemporalis;

3. N. lingualis;

4. N. alveolaris inferior;

9. Specify an aperture through which the n. petrosus major leaves the facial canal:

1. Hiatus canalis n. petrosi minoris;


3. Foramen internum sulcus carotici;

4. Hiatus canalis n. petrosi majoris;

10. Specify anatomic structures, innervated by buccal nerve:

1. Buccal muscle;

2. Mucous membrane of a cheek;

3. Teeth;

4. Skin of a cheek;

11. Specify the nerves participating in formation of a nerve of pterigoid canal:

1. N. petrosus minor;

2. Chorda tympanica;



12. Specify the branches departing from pterigopalatine ganglion:

1. Rr. palatini;

2. Rr. nasales posteriores;

3. Nn. citiares breves;

4. Nn. alveolares superiores;

13. Specify the branches of a facial nerve departing from it in the facial canal:

1. Rr. zigomatici; 2. N. petrosus major;

3. Chorda tympanica;

4. N. stapedius;

14. Specify an aperture through which the chorda tympanica leaves a skull:


2. Fissura petrotympanica;

3. Foramen spinosum;

4. Fissura petrosquamosa;

15. Specify the branches departing from glossopharingeal nerve:

1. Rami pharingei;

2. Rami tonsillares;

3. N. tympanicus;

4. Rami temporales;

16. Specify nerves the branches of which participate in formation of a pharyngeal plexus:

1. N. vagus;

2. N. glossopharyngeus;

3. N. trigeminus;

4. N. accessorius;

17. Specify, what nervous fibers form chorda tympani:

1. Preganglionar parasympathetic fibers;

2. Postganglionar parasympathetic fibers;

3. Afferent fibers;

4. Motor sympathetic fibers;

18. Specify branches, which depart from a vagus nerve:

1. N. laryngeus recurrens;

2. N. tympanicus;

3. Rami bronchiales;

4. Rami pharyngei;

19. What cranial nerves pass through jugular foramen?


2. N. accessorius;

3. N. vestibulocochlearis;

4. N. vagus;

20. What nerves pass through the fissure orbitalis superior?

1. N. oculomotorius;

2. N. trochlearis;

3. N. abducens;

4. N. ophthalmicus;

21. Specify cranial nerves, which have the common sensitive nucleus (nucleus salitarius):

1. N. trigeminus;

2. N. intermedius;


4. N. vagus;

22. Specify nerves, which innervate auxiliary muscles of an eyeball:

1. N. oculomotorius; 2. N. trochlearis;

3. N. opticus;

4. N. abducens;

23. Specify nerves, which innervate dura mater of a brain:

1. N. vagus;

2. N. ophthalmicus;

3. N. maxillaris;

4. N. mandibularis;

24. Specify, by what muscles of tongue are innervated:

1. N. vagus;


3. N. hypoglossus;

4. N. accessorius;

25. Specify, what innervate XI pair of cranial nerves:

1. M. digastricus;

2. M. trapezius;

3. M. omohyoideus;


26. Specify, where XII pair of cranial nerves leaves a skull:

1. Foramen ovale;


3. Canalis nervi hypoglossi;


27. Specify, what nerves innervate muscles of the soft palate:

1. N. accessorius;


3. N. trigeminus;

4. N. vagus;

28. Specify, what muscles are innervated by ansa cervicalis:

1. M. mylohyoideus;

2. M. omohyoideus;



29. Specify, what nerves innervate muscles of the pharinx:

1. N. hypoglossus;

2. N. vagus;

3. N. trigeminus;


30. Specify, by what chewing muscles are innervated:

1. N. vagus;

2. N. facialis;

3. N. trigeminus;

4. N. accessorius;

31. Specify, by what m. tensoris tympani is innervated:

1. N. facialis; 2. N. trigeminus;

3. N. vestibulocochlearis;

4. N. vagus;

32. Specify, where III pair of cranial nerves leaves a brain

1. In posterolateral sulcus;

2. On medial border of a pedunculus cerebri;

3. Between a pyramid and oliva;

4. Through the velum medullaris superior;

33. Specify, where IV pair of cranial nerves leaves a brain:

1. Through the velum medullaris superior;

2. In posterolateral sulcus;

3. Between a pyramid and oliva;

4. On medial border of a pedunculus cerebri;

34. Specify, where VI pair of cranial nerves leaves a brain:

1. On a anterior border of pons;

2. On posterior border of pons;

3. On lateral side of a pedunculus cerebri;

4. On medial side of a pedunculus cerebri;

35. Specify, where there are bodies of III neurons of the olfactory analyzer:


2. Trigonum olfactorius;

3. Septum pellucidum;

4. Substantia pertorata anterior;

36. Specify, by what the olfactory tract is formed:

1. By axons of 2nd neurons;

2. By set of olfactory nerves;

3. By axons of neurons of olfactory triangle;

4. By axons of neurons of septum pellucidum;

37. Specify, through what olfactory fillia will penetrate into a cavity of a skull:


2. Canalis nervi optici;

3. Lamina cribrosa;


38. Specify, where is cortical end of the olfactory analyzer:


2. Gyrus frontalis interior;

3. Uncus gyrus parahypocampalis;

4. Lobus occipitalis;

39. Specify, what vegetative ganglions settle down with III branch of a trigeminal nerve?

1. Ganglion ciliare;

2. Ganglion sumbandibulare;

3. Ganglion pterygopalatinum;

4. Ganglion oficum;

40. Specify, what vegetative ganglion settles down with II branch of a trigeminal nerve?

1. Ganglion oficum; 2. Ganglion ciliare;

3. Ganglion pterygopalatinum;

4. Ganglion sumbandibulare;

41. Specify, where afferent ganglion of V pairs of cranial nerves settles down:

1. In fossa mandibularis;

2. On a back surface of a pyramid of a temporal bone;

3. On a forward surface of a pyramid of a temporal bone;

4. In depth of internal acoustical meatus;

42. Specify, where XI pair of cranial nerves (cerebral and spinal parts) leave a brain:

1. Sulcus lateralis posterior lower than n. vagus;

2. Sulcus lateralis anterior;

3. Sulcus lateralis posterior above than n. vagus;

4. Between forward and back radix of spinal nerves (С2-С5);

43. Specify, where the X pair of cranial nerves leaves brain:

1. Sulcus lateralis posterior lower than IX pair;

2. Sulcus lateralis posterior higher than IX pair;


4. Linea trigeminofacialis;

44. Specify, where IX pair of cranial nerves leaves a brain:



3. Sulcus lateralis posterior above n. vagus;

4. Sulcus lateralis posterior below n. vagus;

45. Specify, where VII pair of cranial nerves leaves a brain:

1. On medial edge of a crus cerebri;

2. On lateral edge of a crus cerebri;

3. On linea trigeminofacialis;


46. Specify, where the V pair of cranial nerves leaves brain:



3. Sulcus lateralis posterior;

4. Crus cerebri;

47. Specify, where afferent ganglions of X pairs of cranial nerves settle down:

1. In foramen jugulare;

2. Canalis coroticus;


4. On exit from foramen jugulare;

48. Specify, where afferent ganglions of IX pairs of cranial nerves settle down:

1. In the canalis coroticus;

2. On exit from foramen jugulare;

3. In foramen jugulare;

4. In meatus acusticus internus;

49. Specify, where VII pair of cranial nerves leaves a skull:


2. Canalis musculotubarius; 3. Foramen coroticum externum;


50. Specify, where chorda tympani leaves a skull:



3. Canalis musculotubarius;

4. Foramen coroticum externum;


1. 14 11. 34 21. 234 31. 2 41. 3

2. 14 12. 12 22. 124 32. 2 42 14

3. 1 13. 234 23. 1234 33. 1 43. 1

4. 3 14. 2 24. 3 34. 2 44. 3

5. 234 15. 123 25. 24 35. 234 45. 3

6. 1 16. 12 26. 3 36. 1 46. 1

7. 134 17. 13 27. 34 37. 3 47. 14

8. 1234 18. 134 28. 234 38. 3 48. 23

9. 4 19. 124 29. 24 39. 24 49. 1

10. 2 20. 1234 30. 3 40. 3 50. 1

- situational tasks;

Clinical Problem Solving

Study the following case histories and select the best answer to the questions

following them.

A 45-year-old patient has a small, firm, mobile tumor on the dorsum of the right

foot just proximal to the base of the big toe and superficial to the bones and the

long extensor tendon but deep to the superficial fascia.

1. The following information concerning the tumor is correct except:

A. It is situated on the upper surface of the foot close to the root of the big toe.

B. It is not attached to the first metatarsal bone.

C. It lies superficial to the deep fascia.

D. It lies superficial to the tendon of extensor hallucis longus muscle.

E. It is attached to the capsule of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe.

A 31-year-old woman has a history of poliomyelitis affecting the anterior horn

cells of the lower thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord on the left side.

On examination, she has severe right lateral flexion deformity of the vertebral

column.

2. The following facts are true about this case except:

A. The virus of poliomyelitis attacks and destroys the motor anterior horn cells

of the spinal cord.

B. The disease resulted in the paralysis of the muscles that normally laterally

flex the vertebral column on the left side.

C. The muscles on the right side of the vertebral column are unapposed.

D. The right lateral flexion deformity is caused by the slow degeneration of the

sensory nerve fibers originating from the vertebral muscles on the right side.

A 20-year-old woman severely sprains her left ankle while playing tennis. When

she tries to move the foot so that the sole faces medially, she experiences severe

pain.

3. What is the correct anatomic term for the movement of the foot that

produces the pain?

A. Pronation.

B. Inversion.

C. Supination.

D. Eversion.

A 25-year-od man has a deep-seated abscess in the posterior part of the neck.

4. The following anatomic facts are correct concerning the abscess except:

A. The abscess probably lies deep to the deep fascia.

B. The deep fascia will determine the direction of spread of the abscess.

C. The abscess would be incised through a vertical skin incision.

D. The lines of cleavage are important when considering the direction of skin

incisions.

E. The abscess would be incised through a horizontal

A 40-year-old workman received a severe burn on the anterior aspect of his right

forearm. The area of the burn exceeded 4 in. (10 cm) square. The greater part of

the burn was superficial and only extended into the superficial part of the dermis.

5. In the superficial burnt area the epidermis cells would regenerate from the

following sites except:

A. The hair follicles.

B. The sebaceous glands.

C. The margins of the burn.

D. The deepest ends of the sweat glands.

6. In a small area the burn had penetrated as far as the superficial fascia; in this

region the epidermal cells would regenerate from the following sites except:

A. The ends of the sweat glands that lie in the superficial fascia.

B. The margins of the burn.

C. The sebaceous glands.

In a 63-year-old man an MRI of the lowerthoracic region of the vertebral column

reveals the presence of a tumor pressing on the lumbar segments of the spinal cord.

He has a loss of sensation in the skin over the anterior surface of the left thigh and

is unable to extend his left knee joint. Examination reveals that the muscles of the

front of the left thigh have atrophied and have no tone and that the left knee jerk is

absent.

7. The following statements concerning this patient are correct except:

A. The tumor is interrupting the normal function of the efferent motor fibers of

the spinal cord on the left side.

B. The quadriceps femoris muscles on the front of the left thigh are atrophied.

C. The loss of skin sensation is confined to the dermatomes LI, 2, 3, and 4.

D. The absence of the left knee jerk is because of involvement of the first

lumbar spinal segment.

E. The loss of muscle tone is caused by interruption of a nervous reflex arc.

A woman recently took up employment in a factory. She is a machinist, and for 6

hours a day she has to move a lever repeatedly, which requires that she extend and

flex her right wrist joint. At the end of the second week of her emplo/ment, she

began to experience pain over the posterior surface of her wrist and noticed a

swelling in the area.

8. The following statements concerning this patient are correct except:

A. Extension of the wrist joint is brought about by several muscles that include

the extensor digitorum muscle.

B. The wrist joint is diseased.

C. Repeated unaccustomed movements of tendons .hrough their synovial

sheaths can produce traumatic inflammation of the sheaths.

D. The diagnosis is traumatic tenosynovitis of the long tendons of the extensor

digitorum muscle.

A 19-year-old boy was suspected of having leukemia. It was decided to confirm

the diagnosis by performing a bone marrow biopsy.

A. The following statements concerning this procedure are correct except:

A. The biopsy was taken from the lower end of the tibia.

B. Red bone marrow specimens can be obtained from the sternum or the iliac

crests.

C. At birth the marrow of all bones of the body is red and hematopoietic.

D. The blood-forming activity of bone marrow in many long bones gradually

lessens with age, and the red marrow is gradually replaced by yellow marrow.

A 22-year-old woman had a severe infection under the lateral edge of the nail of

her right index finger. On examination, a series of red lines were seen to extend up

the back of the hand and around to the front of the forearm and arm, up to the

armpit.

B. The following statements concerning this patient are probably correct

except:

1. Palpation of the right armpit revealed the presence of several tender

enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenitis).

2. The red lines were caused by the superficial lymphatic vessels in the arm,

which were red and inflamed (lymphangitis) and could be seen through the skin.

3. Lymph from the right arm entered the bloodstream through the thoracic

duct.

4. Infected lymph entered the lymphatic capillaries from the tissue spaces.

Answers to Clinical Problems

1. E. The tumor is mobile and not fixed to the joint capsule. The tumor is a

neurofibroma of a digital nerve.

2. D.

3. B.

4. C. If possible, skin incisions in the neck are made in a horizontal direction

to conform with the lines of cleavage.

5. D.

6. C.

7. D. The patellar tendon reflex (knee jerk) involves L2, 3, and 4 segments of

the spinal cord.

8. B.

9. A. In a 19-year-old boy, the bone marrow at the lower end of the tibia is

yellow.

10. C. Lymph from the right upper limb enters the bloodstream through the right

lymphatic duct.

A 40-year-old workman received a severe burn on the anterior aspect of his right

forearm. The area of the burn exceeded 4 in. (10 cm) square. The greater part of

the burn was superficial and only extended into the superficial part of the dermis.

A. In the superficial burnt area the epidermis cells would regenerate from the

following sites except:

A. The hair follicles.

B. The sebaceous glands.

C. The margins of the burn.

D. The deepest ends of the sweat glands.

B. In a small area the burn had penetrated as far as the superficial fascia; in this

region the epidermal cells would regenerate from the following sites except:

A. The ends of the sweat glands that lie in the superficial fascia.

B. The margins of the burn.

C. The sebaceous glands.

In a 63-year-old man an MRI of the lowerthoracic region of the vertebral column

reveals the presence of a tumor pressing on the lumbar segments of the spinal cord.

He has a loss of sensation in the skin over the anterior surface of the left thigh and

is unable to extend his left knee joint. Examination reveals that the muscles of the

front of the left thigh have atrophied and have no tone and that the left knee jerk is

absent.

C. The following statements concerning this patient are correct except:

A. The tumor is interrupting the normal function of the efferent motor fibers of

the spinal cord on the left side.

B. The quadriceps femoris muscles on the front of the left thigh are atrophied.

C. The loss of skin sensation is confined to the dermatomes LI, 2, 3, and 4.

D. The absence of the left knee jerk is because of involvement of the first

lumbar spinal segment.

E. The loss of muscle tone is caused by interruption of a nervous reflex arc.

A woman recently took up employment in a factory. She is a machinist, and for 6

hours a day she has to move a lever repeatedly, which requires that she extend and

flex her right wrist joint. At the end of the second week of her emplo/ment, she

began to experience pain over the posterior surface of her wrist and noticed a

swelling in the area.

D. The following statements concerning this patient are correct except:

A. Extension of the wrist joint is brought about by several muscles that include

the extensor digitorum muscle.

B. The wrist joint is diseased.

C. Repeated unaccustomed movements of tendons .hrough their synovial

sheaths can produce traumatic inflammation of the sheaths.

D. The diagnosis is traumatic tenosynovitis of the long tendons of the extensor

digitorum muscle.

Clinical Problem Solving Study the following case histories and select the best answers to the questions

following them.

A 30-year-old man involved in a barroom brawl was seen in the emergency

department. He was found to have a blood-stained tear on the seat of his trousers

and lacerations of the anal margin. During the fight he was knocked down and fell

in the sitting position on the leg of an upturned bar stool. While under observation he developed the signs and symptoms of peritonitis.

1. The signs and symptoms displayed by this patient could

be explained by the following anatomic facts except:

A. The patient had impaled his rectum on the leg of the upturned bar stool.

B. At operation, a laceration of the anterior wall of the middle of the rectum

was found.

C. The leg of the bar stool had entered the rectovesical pouch.

D. The rectal contents had contaminated the peritoneal cavity and was

responsible for the development of peritonitis.

E. The anterior surface of the middle third of the rectum has no peritoneal

covering.

A 46-year-old man had been treating himself for hemorrhoids for the past 3 years.

He had noticed that his feces were often slightly blood stained. For the past 12

months, he had noticed that when he had his bowels open, he always felt that more

was to come. Sometimes he went to the toilet several times a day but was only

able to pass flatus and blood-stained mucus. Recently, pain had developed down

the outside of his right leg. Digital examination of the rectum revealed a large,

hard-based ulcer on the posterior wall of the rectum with extensive induration of

the pararectal tissues. A diagnosis of advanced carcinoma of the rectum was made.

2. The following facts about this patient are probably correct except:

A. Some of the bleeding was from the carcinomatous ulcer of the rectum as

well as from the hemorrhoids.

B. The lymphatic drainage of the rectum takes place first into the pararectal

lymph nodes.

C. Carcinoma of the rectum never metastasizes to the liver.

D. Examination of the right leg revealed some weakness of the muscles

supplied by the sciatic nerve.

E. The carcinoma had extended posteriorly to involve the sacral plexus.

F. The patient indicated that the leg pain was felt in skin areas supplied by branches of the sciatic nerve.

An inebriated 40-year-old man was involved in a fight over a woman. The

woman's husband gave the man a severe blow on the lower part of the anterior

abdominal wall, whereupon he doubled up with pain and collapsed on the floor.

On admission to the emergency department of the local hospital the man was in a

state of shock and complaining of severe pain in the lower abdominal region. He

was unable to pass urine since the fight. A diagnosis of ruptured urinary bladder

was made.

3. The following facts concerning this patient are correct except:

A. Rectal examination revealed a bulging backward of the rectovesical fossa.

B. Although the patient had consumed a considerable volume of liquor,

dullness was riot present on percussion of the anterior abdominal wall above the

symphysis pubis.

C. The urine accumulated in the rectovesical pouch.

D. A full bladder is more likely to be ruptured by a blow on the anterior

abdominal wall than an empty bladder.

E. In the adult as the normal bladder fills, its superior wall extends upward into the

abdomen, leaving the covering of parietal peritoneum behind.

A 56-year-old woman was seen by her obstetrician and gynecologist complaining

of a "bearing-down" feeling in the pelvis and of a low backache. On vaginal

examination, the external os of the cervix was found to be located just within the vaginal orifice. A diagnosis of uterine prolapse was made.

4. The following anatomic facts concerning uterine prolapse are correct except:

A. The most important support to the uterus is the tone of the levator ani

muscles.

B. The transverse cervical, pubocervical, and sacrocer- vical ligaments play an

important role in supporting the uterus.

C. Damage to the levator ani and the cervical ligaments during childbirth can

be responsible for prolapse of the uterus.

D. Prolapse most commonly reveals itself before menopause.

E. Prolapse of the uterus is always accompanied by some prolapse of the

vagina.

A 25-year-old woman was seen in the emergency department complaining of

severe pain in the right iliac region. Just before admission she had fainted. On

physical examination, her abdominal wall was extremely tender on palpation in

the lower right quadrant, and some rigidity and guarding of the lower abdominal

muscles were noticed. A vaginal examination revealed a fairly firm cervix with a

closed external os. A tender "doughlike mass" could be felt through the posterior

fornix. The patient had missed her last period.

5. The following facts concerning this patient are correct

except:

A. A diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy was made.

B. Tubal pregnancies commonly occur where the infundibulum narrows to

join the isthmus.

C. Each uterine tube is situated in the base of the broad ligament.

D. An ectopic tubal pregnancy almost invariably results in rupture of the tube

with severe intraperitoneal hemorrhage.

E. Tubal rupture occurs as a result of the eroding action of the trophoblast.

F. Once a tubal pregnancy dies the decidual lining of the uterus begins to be

shed because of lack of hormonal support, and this causes vaginal bleeding.

G. The doughlike mass is produced by the accumulation of blood in the pouch

of Douglas.

A 39-year-old woman was admitted to the local hospital after experiencing a

gunshot wound to the lower part of her back. Radiographic examination revealed

that the bullet was lodged in the vertebral canal at the level of the third lumbar’

vertebra. A comprehensive neurologic examination indicated that a complete

lesion of the cauda equina had occurred.

6. The following facts concerning this patient are likely to be true except:

A. The cauda equina, which consists of anterior and posterior nerve roots

below the level of the first lumbar segment, was sectioned at the level of the third

lumbar vertebra.

B. The preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers to the vesical sphincter that

descend in the anterior roots of the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves were sectioned.

C. The preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the detrusor muscle that

descend in the anterior roots of the second, third, and fourth sacral nerves were

sectioned.

D. The patient would have an autonomous bladder.

E. The bladder would fill to capacity and then overflow.

F. Micturition could be activated by powerful contraction of the abdominal

muscles and manual pressure on the anterior abdominal wall in the suprapubic re-

gion.

A 65-year-old man with a history of prostatic disease was found on radiologic

examination of his skeleton to have extensive carcinomatous metastases in the

skull and lumbar vertebrae. The PSA level in his blood was found to be ex-

cessively high.

7. The following facts concerning this patient are correct except:

A. The patient has advanced carcinoma of the prostate that has spread some

distance from the primary site.

B. The prostate is surrounded by the prostatic venous plexus, which drains into

the internal iliac veins.

C. Large veins with valves connect the prostatic venous plexus to the vertebral

veins.

D. Coughing, sneezing, or straining at stool can force the blood from the

prostatic plexus into the vertebral veins.

E. Dislodged cancer cells can be dislodged and carried with the blood to the vertebral column and skull.

A 72-year-old woman was suspected of having a tumor of the sigmoid colon. The

physician decided to confirm the diagnosis by performing a sigmoidoscopy.

8. The following anatomic facts are correct concerning the procedure of

sigmoidoscopy except:

A. After inserting the instrument into the anus, the lighted end enters the

ampulla of the rectum after a distance of about 1 1/2 inches (4 cm).

B. Some side-to-side movement may be necessary to avoid the transverse

rectal folds.

C. The rectosigmoid junction will be reached approximately 6 1/2 inches

(16.25 cm) from the anal margin.

D. To negotiate the rectosigmoid junction, the tip of the sigmoidoscope should

be directed anteriorly and to the patient’s left.

E. Stretching of the colonic wall may give rise to colicky pain in the upper

part of the abdomen in the region of the xiphoid process.


1. E. The upper third of the rectum has peritoneum on its anterior and lateral

surfaces; the middle third has peritoneum on its anterior surface; and the lower

third has no peritoneal covering.

2. C. Advanced carcinoma of the rectum not only extends to the pararectal and

inferior mesenteric nodes but may also spread via the superior rectal, inferior

mesenteric, splenic, and portal veins to the liver.

3. E. In the adult, as the normal bladder fills its superior wall bulges upward into

the abdomen, peeling off the peritoneum from the posterior surface of the anterior

abdominal wall.

4. D. Prolapse of the uterus most often reveals itself after menopause, when the

pelvic fascia tends to atrophy.

5. C. Each uterine tube is situated in the upper free margin of the broad ligament.

6. B. The preganglionic sympathetic nerve fibers to the vesical sphincter descend

in the anterior roots of the first and second lumbar nerves and were left intact.

7. C. The large veins that connect the prostatic venous plexus to the valveless

vertebral veins are also devoid of valves.

8. E. Colicky pain from the colon is referred to the lower part of the anterior

abdominal wall above the symphysis pubis.


Study the following case histories and select the best answers to the questions

following them.

A 53-year-old man complained that for the past 4 years he had frequently passed

blood-stained stools. Recently, he had noticed that his "bowel" protruded from his

anus after defecation, and this caused him considerable discomfort.

1. The following symptoms and signs in this patient were consistent with a

diagnosis of third degree internal hemorrhoids except:

A. The patient suffered from intense perianal irritation caused by the mucous

secretions from the prolapsed mucous membrane.

B. Proctoscopic examination revealed three pink swellings of mucous

membrane at the level of the anal valves.

C. The swellings were situated at 1,4, and 9 o’clock with the patient in the

lithotomy position.

D. The swellings bulged downward when the patient was asked to strain.

E. Large, congested veins were seen in the swellings

F. The swellings remained outside the anus after defecation.

G. Abrasion of the mucous membrane was responsible for the bleeding.

A 42-year-old woman visited her physician because she experienced an agonizing

pain in the "rectum," which occurred on defecation. She had first noticed the pain

a week before when she tried to defecate. The pain lasted for about an hour, then

passed off, only to return with the next bowel movement. She said that she suf-

fered from constipation and admitted that sometimes her stools were streaked with blood. After a careful examination, a diagnosis of anal fissure was made.

2. The following facts concerning this case are correct except:

A. Examination of the anal canal was difficult because any attempt to insert a

gloved finger into the canal caused severe pain.

B. The anus was kept tightly closed by the spasm of the external anal

sphincter.

C. Gentle eversion of the anal margin under local anesthesia revealed the

lower edge of a linear tear in the posterior wall of the anal canal; a small tag of

skin projected from the lower end of the tear.

D. The forward edge of a hard fecal mass may have caught one of the anal

valves and torn it downward as it descended.

E. Anal fissures tend to occur on the anterior and posterior walls of the anal

canal because the mucous membrane is poorly supported in this region by the

superficial external sphincter muscle.

F. The mucous membrane of the lower half of the anal canal is innervated by

autonomic afferent nerves and is sensitive only to stretch.

A 16-year-old boy was taking part in a bicycle race when, on approaching a steep

hill, he stood up on the pedals to increase the speed. His right* foot slipped off

tttei5edal and he fell violently, his perineum hitting the bar of the bicycle. Several

hours later he was admitted to the hospital unable to micturate. On examination,

he was found to have extensive swelling of the penis and scrotum. A diagnosis of

ruptured urethra was made.


A. Rupture of the bulbous part of the urethra had taken place.

B. The urine had escaped from the urethra and extravasated into the superficial perineal

pouch.

C. The ионе had passed forward over the scrotum and penis to enter the anterior abdominal

wall.

D. The urine had extended posteriorly into the ischiorectal fossae. E. The urine was located beneath the membranous layer of superficial fascia.

A 34-year-old man was suffering from postoperative retention of urine after an

appendectomy. The patient's urinary tract was otherwise normal. Because the

patient was in considerable discomfort, the resident decided to pass a catheter.

4. The following facts concerning the catheterization of a male patient are correct except:

A. Because the external urethral orifice is the narrowest part of the urethra, once the tip of the

catheter has passed this point, the further passage should be easy.

B. Near the posterior end of the fossa terminalis, a fold of mucous membrane projects from the

roof and may catch the end of the catheter.

C. The membranous part of the urethra is narrow and fixed and may produce some resistance

to the passage of the catheter.

D. The prostatic part of the urethra is the widest and most easily dilated part of the urethra and

should cause no difficulty to the passage of the catheter.

E. The bladder neck is surrounded by the sphincter vesicae and always strongly resists the

passage of the tip of the catheter.

A 41-year-old woman was seen in the emergency department complaining of a

painful swelling In the region of the anus. On examination, a hot, red, tender

swelling was found on the right side of the anal margin. A diagnosis of is-

chiorectal abscess was made.

5. The following facts concerning this case are probably correct except:

A. An ischiorectal abscess is a common complication of anal fissure.

B. The fat in the ischiorectal fossa is prone to infection that might extend laterally through the

base of the anal fissure.

C. The fat in the ischiorectal fossa has a profuse blood Supply.

D. A surgical incision of the abscess should provide adequate drainage of the pus.

E. The surgeon should avoid the inferior rectal nerve and vessels that cross the ischiorectal

fossa from the lateral to the medial side.

A 35-year-old woman was seen by her obstetrician and gynecologist complaining

of a swelling in the genital region. On examination, a tense cystic swelling was

found beneath the posterior two-thirds of the right labium majus and minus.

A diagnosis of a cyst of the right greater vestibular gland (Bartholin's cyst) was

made.

6. The following facts concerning this case are probably correct except:

A. The cyst of the greater vestibular gland is produced by the retention of

secretion caused by the blockage of the duct.

B. Infection of the duct by the gonococcus is a common cause of the blockage.

C. Infection of the cyst may occur, forming a painful abscess.

D. The lymphatic drainage of this area is into the lateral group of superficial

inguinal nodes.

E. A small tender swelling was detected below and medial to the inguinal

ligament.


1. С. The swellings of internal hemorrhoids are situated at 3, 7, and 11 o’clock

with the patient in the lithotomy position. These swellings are caused by a

dilatation of the three main tributaries of the superior rectal vein.

2. F. The mucous membrane of the lower half of the anal canal is innervated

by the inferior rectal nerve and is very sensitive to pain, temperature, touch, and

pressure.

3. D. The superficial perineal pouch is closed off posteriorly by the

attachment of the membranous layer of superficial fascia to the posterior margin of

the urogenital diaphragm. Because of this attachment the extravasated urine cannot

enter the ischiorectal fossae.

4. E. The bladder neck does not cause obstruction to the passage of the

catheter. In this patient the sphincter may provide some minor resistance that is

easily overcome.

5. C. The fat in the ischiorectal fossa has a poor blood supply.

6. D. The lymphatic drainage of this area is into the medial group of

superficial inguinal nodes situated below the inguinal ligament. The spread of

infection can result in an enlargement of one of the nodes, as in this case, which

becomes tender to palpation.



following them.

On percussing the anterior chest wall of a patient, the right margin of the

heart was found to lie 2 inches (5 cm) to the right of the edge of the sternum.

1. Which chamber of the heart was likely to be enlarged?

A. The left ventricle.

B. The left atrium.

C. The right ventricle.

D. The right atrium.

A 31-year-old soldier received a shrapnel wound in the neck during the

Persian Gulf War. Recently, during a physical examination, it was noticed

that when he blew his nose or sneezed, the skin above the right clavicle

bulged upward.

2. The upward bulging of the skin could be explained by a defect in one of the

following structures.

A. Injury to the cervical pleura.

B. Damage to the suprapleural membrane.

C. Damage to the deep fascia in the root of the neck.

D. Ununited fracture of the first rib.

A 52-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of right-

sided pleurisy with pneumonia. It was decided to remove a sample of pleural

fluid from the patient's pleural cavity. The resident inserted the needle close

to the lower border of the eighth rib in the anterior axillary line. The next

morning he was surprised to hear that the patient had complained of altered

skin sensation extending from the point where the needle was inserted

downward and forward to the midline of the abdominal wall above the

umbilicus

3. The altered skin sensation in this patient following the needle thoracostomy

could be explained by

A. The needle was inserted too low down in the intercostal space.

B. The needle was inserted too close to the lower border of the eighth rib

and damaged the eighth intercostal nerve.

C. The needle had impaled the eighth rib. D. The needle had penetrated too deeply and pierced the lung.

A 68-year-old man complained of a swelling in the skin on the

back of the chest. He had noticed it for the last 3 years and was

concerned because it was rapidly enlarging. On examination, a hard

lump was found in the skin in the right scapula line opposite the seventh

thoracic vertebra. A biopsy revealed that the lump was malignant.

4. Because of the rapid increase in size of the tumor, the following

lymph nodes were examined for metastases.

A. Superficial inguinal nodes.

B. Anterior axillary nodes.

C. Posterior axillary nodes.

D. External iliac nodes.

E. Deep cervical nodes.

A 65-year-old man and a 10-year-old boy were involved in a severe automobile

accident. In both patients the thorax had been badly crushed. X- ray

examination revealed that the man had five fractured ribs but the boy had

no fractures. 9. What is the most likely explanation for this difference in medical findings?

A. The different position of the patients in the vehicle.

B. The boy was wearing his seat belt and the man was not.

C. The chest wall of a child is very elastic, and fractures of ribs in children are

rare.

D. The man anticipated the impact and tensed his muscles, including those of

the shoulder girdle and abdomen.

On examination of a posteroanterior chest x-ray of an 18-year-old woman, it

was seen that the left dome of the diaphragm was higher than the right dome

and reached to the upper border of the fourth rib.

10. The position of the left dome of the diaphragm could be explained by one of the

following conditions except:

A. The left lung could be collapsed.

B. There is a collection of blood under the diaphragm on the left side.

C. There is an amoebic abscess in the left lobe of the liver.

D. The left dome of the diaphragm is normally higher than the right dome.

E. There is a peritoneal abscess beneath the diaphragm on the left side.

A 43-year-old man was involved in a violent quarrel with his wife over

another woman. In a fit of rage, the wife picked up a carving knife and

lunged forward at her husband, striking his anterior chest wall over the left

clavicle. The husband collapsed on the kitchen floor, bleeding profusely

from the wound. The distraught wife called an ambulance. 11. On examination in the emergency department of the hospital the following

conditions were found except:

A. A wound about 1 inch (2.5 cm) wide over the left clavicle.

B. Auscultation revealed diminished breath sounds over the left hemithorax.

C. The trachea was deflected to the left.

D. The left upper limb was lying stationary on the table, and active movement

of the small muscles of the left hand was absent.

E. The patient was insensitive to pin prick along the lateral side of the left arm,

forearm, and hand.

A 72-year-old man complaining of burning pain on the right side of his chest

was seen by his physician. On examination the patient indicated that the pain

passed forward over the right sixth intercostal space from the posterior

axillary line forward as far as the midline over the sternum. The physician

noted that there were several watery blebs on the skin in the painful area

12. The following comments on this patient are correct except:

A. This patient has herpes zoster.

B. The virus descends along the cutaneous nerves causing dermatomal pain

and the eruption of vesicles.

C. The sixth right intercostal nerve was involved.

D. The con dition was confined to the anterior cutaneous branch of the sixth

intercostal nerve.

An 18-year-old woman was thrown from a horse while attempting to jump a

fence. She landed heavily on the ground, striking the lower part of her chest

on the left side. On examination in the emergency department she was

conscious but breathless. The lower left side of her chest was badly bruised

and the ninth and tenth ribs were extremely tender to touch. She had severe tachycardia and her systolic blood pressure was low.

9. The following facts concerning this patient are possibly

correct except:

A. There was evidence of tenderness and muscle spasm in the left upper

quadrant of the anterior abdominal wall.

B. A posteroanterior x-ray of the chest revealed fractures of the left ninth and

tenth ribs near their angles.

C. The blunt trauma to the ribs had resulted in a tear of the underlying spleen.

D. The presence of blood in the peritoneal cavity had irritated the parietal

peritoneum, producing reflex spasm of the upper abdominal muscles.

E. The muscles of the anterior abdominal wall are not supplied by thoracic

spinal nerves.

Answers to Clinical Problems 1. D.

2. В. The suprapleural membrane prevents the cervical dome of the

pleura from bulging up into the neck.

3. B.

4. C.

5. C.

6. D.

7. E. The lower trunk of the brachial plexus was cut by the ^ knife. This would

explain the loss of movement of the small muscles of the left hand. It would also

explain the loss of skin sensation that occurred in the C8 and T1 dermatomes on

the medial not on the lateral side of the left forearm and hand. The knife had also

pierced the left dome of the cervical pleura causing a left pneumothorax with left-

sided diminished breath sounds and a deflection of the trachea to the left.

8. D. The skin over the sixth intercostal space is innervated by the lateral

cutaneous branch as well as the anterior cutaneous branch of the sixth

intercostal nerve.

9. E. The seventh to the eleventh intercostal nerves supply the muscles of the

anterior abdominal wall



following them.

A 55-year-old man states that he has noticed an alteration in his voice. He has

lost 40 lb (18 kd) and has a persistent cough with blood-stained sputum. He

smokes 50 cigarettes a day. On examination, the left vocal fold is immobile

and lies in the adducted position. A posteroanterior chest radiograph reveals a

large mass in the upper lobe of the left lung with an increase in width of the

mediastinal shadow on the left side.

1. The symptoms and signs displayed by this patient can be explained by

the following facts except:

A. This patient has advanced carcinoma of the bronchus in the upper lobe

of the left lung, which was seen as a mass on the chest x-ray.

B. The carcinoma had metastasized to the bronchomediastinal lymph

nodes, causing their enlargement and producing a widening of the

mediastinal shadow seen on the chest x-ray.

C. The enlarged lymph nodes had pressed on the left recurrent laryngeal

nerve.

D. Partial injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve resulted in paralysis of

the abductor muscles of the vocal cords, leaving the adductor muscles

unopposed.

E. The enlarged lymph nodes pressed on the left recurrent nerve as it

ascended to the neck anterior to the arch of the aorta.

A 35-year-old woman had difficulty in breathing and sleeping at night. She

says she falls asleep only to wake up with a choking sensation. She finds that

she has to sleep propped up in bed on pillows with her neck flexed to the right.


A. Veins in the skin at the root of the neck are congested.

B. The U-shaped cartilaginous rings in the wall of the trachea prevent

it.from being kinked or compressed.

C. The left lobe of the thyroid gland is larger then the right lobe.

D. On falling asleep, the patient tends to flex her neck laterally over the

enlarged left thyroid lobe.

E. The enlarged thyroid gland extends down the neck into the superior

mediastinum.

F. The brachiocephalic veins in the superior mediastinum were partially

obstructed by the enlarged thyroid gland.

A 15-year-old boy was rescued from a lake after falling through thin ice. The

next day he developed a severe cold, and 3 days later his general condition

deteriorated. He became febrile and started to cough up blood-stained

sputum. At first he had no chest pain, but later, when he coughed, he

experienced severe pain over the right fifth intercostal space in the

midclavicular line.

3. The following facts would explain the patient’s signs and symptoms

except:

A. The patient had developed lobar pneumonia and pleurisy in the right

lung.

B. Disease of the lung does not cause pain until the parietal pleura is

involved.

C. The pneumonia was located in the right middle lobe.

D. The visceral pleura is innervated by autonomic nerves that contain

pain fibers.

E. Pain associated with the pleurisy was accentuated when movement of

the visceral and parietal pleurae occurred, for example, on deep inspiration or

coughing.

A 2-year-old boy was playing with his toy car when his baby-sitter noticed

that a small metal nut was missing from the car. Two days later the child

developed a cough and became febrile.

4. This child’s illness could be explained by the following facts except:

A. The child had inhaled the nut.

B. The metal nut could easily be seen on posteroanterior and right

oblique radiographs.

C. The left principal bronchus is the more vertical and wider of the two

principal bronchi, and inhaled foreign bodies tend to become lodged in it.

D. The nut was successfully removed through a bronchoscope.

E. Children who are teething tend to suck on hard toys.

A 23-year-old woman was examined in the emergency department because of

the sudden onset of respiratory distress. The physician was listening to breath

sounds over the right hemithorax and was concerned when no sounds were

heard on the front of the chest at the level of the tenth rib in the midclavicular

line.

5. The following comments concerning this patient are correct except:

A. In a healthy individual, the lower border of the right lung in the

midclavicular line in the midrespiratory position is at the level of the sixth

rib.

B. The parietal pleura in the midclavicular line crosses the tenth rib.

C. The costodiaphragmatic recess is situated between the lower border of

the lung and the parietal pleura.

D. The lung on extreme inspiration could only descend in the

costodiaphragmatic recess as far as the eighth rib.

E. No breath sounds were heard because the stethoscope was located over

the liver.

A 61-year-old man was seen in the emergency department complaining

of a feeling of pressure within his chest. On questioning he said that he

had several attacks before and that they had always occurred when he

was climbing stairs or digging in the garden. He found that the discom-

fort disappeared with rest after about 5 minutes. The reason he came to

the emergency department was that the chest discomfort had occurred

with much less exertion. 6. The following comments concerning this case are correct except:

A. The diagnosis is a classic case of angina pectoris.

B. The sudden change in history, that is, pain caused by less exertion,

should cause the physician concern that the patient now has unstable angina

or an actual myocardial infarction.

C. The afferent pain fibers from the heart ascend to the central nervous

system through the cardiac branches of the sympathetic trunk to enter the

spinal cord.

D. The afferent pain fibers enter the spinal cord via the posterior roots of

the tenth to the twelfth thoracic nerves.

E. Pain is referred to dermatomes supplied by the upper four intercostal

nerves and the intercostal brachial nerve.

A 55-year-old woman has severe aortic incompetence, with the blood

returning to the cavity of the left ventricle during ventricular diastole.

7. To hear the aortic valve with the least interference from the other heart

sounds, the best place to place your stethoscope on the chest wall is:

A. The right half of the lower end of the body of the sternum.

B. The medial end of the second right intercostal space.

C. The medial end of the second left intercostal space.

D. The apex of the heart.

E. The fifth left intercostal space 3 1/2 inches (9 cm) from the midline.

A 33-year-old woman was jogging across the park at 11 pm when she was

attacked by a gang of youths. After she was brutally mugged and raped, one

of the youths decided to stab her in the heart to keep her silent. Later in the

emergency department she was unconscious and in extremely poor shape. A

small wound about 1/2 inch in diameter was present in the left fifth in-

tercostal space about 1/2 inch from the lateral sternal margin. Her carotid

pulse was rapid and weak, and her neck veins were distended. No evidence of

a left-sided pneumothorax existed. A diagnosis of cardiac tamponade was

made.

8. The following observations are in agreement with the diagnosis except:

A. The tip of the knife had pierced the pericardium.

B. The knife had pierced the anterior wall of the left ventricle.

C. The blood in the pericardial cavity was under right ventricular

pressure.

D. The blood in the pericardial cavity pressed on the thin-walled atria and

large veins as they traversed the pericardium to enter the heart.

E. The backed up venous blood caused congestion of the veins seen in

the neck.

F. The poor venous return severely compromised the cardiac output.

G. A left-sided pneumothorax did not occur because the knife passed

through the cardiac notch.

36-year-old woman with a known history of emphysema (dilatation of alveoli

and destruction of alveolar walls with a tendency to form cystic spaces)

suddenly experiences a severe pain in the left side of her chest, is breathless

A, and is obviously in a state of shock.

9. Examination of this patient reveals the following findings except:

A. The trachea is displaced to the right in the suprasternal notch.

B. The apex beat of the heart can be felt in the fifth left intercostal space

just lateral to the sternum.

C. The right lung is collapsed.

D. The air pressure in the left pleural cavity is at atmospheric pressure.

E. The air has entered the left pleural cavity as the result of rupture of one

of the emphysematous cysts of the left lung (left-sided pneumothorax).

F. The elastic recoil of the lung tissue caused the lung to collapse.

A wife was told that her husband was suffering from cancer of the lower end

of the esophagus. The physician told her that to save his life, the surgeon

would have to remove the lower part of the esophagus, the stomach, the

spleen, and the upper part of the duodenum. The wife could not understand

why such a drastic operation was required to remove such a small tumor.

10. The following facts explain this extensive operation except:

A. Carcinoma of the esophagus tends to spread via the lymphatic vessels.

B. The lymphatic vessels descend through the aortic opening in the

diaphragm to enter the celiac lymph : nodes.

C. The tumor of the esophagus and an area of normal adjacent esophagus

has to be removed.;

D. The lymphatic vessels and nodes that drain the diseased area have to

be removed.

E. Because of the risk that retrograde spread had occurred, the other

organs draining into the lymph nodes also have to be removed.

A 50-year-old man with chronic alcoholism was told by his physician that he had

cirrhosis of the liver with portal hypertension.

11. The following facts would explain why the patient recently vomited a

cupful of blood, except:

A. The lower third of the esophagus is the site of a portal systemic

anastomosis.

B. At the lower third of the esophagus the esophageal . veins of the left gastric

vein anastomose with the esophageal veins of the inferior vena cava.

C. In cirrhosis of the liver the portal circulation through ' the liver is obstructed

by fibrous tissue, producing portal hypertension.

D. Many of the dilated veins lie within the mucous * membrane and

submucosa and are easily damaged by swallowed food.

E. Copious hemorrhage from these veins is difficult to 1 treat and is often

terminal.

A 5-year-old boy was seen in the emergency department after an attack of

breathlessness during which he had lost consciousness. The mother said that her

child had had several attacks before and sometimes his skin had become bluish.

Recently she had noticed that he breathed more easily when he was playing in a

squatting position; he also seemed to sleep more easily with his knees drawn up.

An extensive workup, including angiography, demonstrated that the patient had

severe congenital heart disease.

12. The following observations in this patient are consistent

with the diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot except:

A. The child was thinner and shorter than normal.

B. His lips, fingers, and toes were cyanotic.

C. A systolic murmur was present down the left border of the sternum.

D. The heart was considerably enlarged to the left.

E. Pulmonary stenosis impairs the pulmonary circulation so that a right-to-left

shunt occurs and the arterial blood is poorly oxygenated.

F. The presence of a large ventricular septal defect.

G. The aortic opening into the heart was common to both ventricles.


1. E. The left recurrent laryngeal nerve ascends to the neck by passing under

the arch of the aorta; it ascends in the groove between the trachea and the

esophagus.

2. B. The trachea is a mobile, fibroelastic tube that can be kinked or

compressed despite the presence of the cartilaginous rings.

3. D. Lung tissue and the visceral pleura are not innervated with pain fibers.

The costal parietal pleura is innervated by the intercostal nerves, which

have pain endings in the pleura.

4. C. The right principal (main) bronchus is the more vertical and wider of

the two principal bronchi and for this reason an inhaled foreign body

passes down the trachea and tends to enter the right main bronchus, where

it was lodged in this patient.

5. B. The parietal pleura in the midclavicular line only extends down as far

as the eighth rib.

6. D. The afferent pain fibers from the heart enter the spinal cord via the

posterior nerve roots of the upper four thoracic spinal nerves.

7. B.

8. B. The knife had pierced the anterior wall of the right ventricle.

9. C. The left lung collapsed immediately when air entered the left pleural

cavity because the air pressures within the bronchial tree and in the pleural

cavity were then equal.

10. B. The lymphatic vessels draining the esophagus accompany the left

gastric blood vessels through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm to

reach the celiac nodes.

11. B. The esophageal veins of the azygos system of veins anastomose with

the esophageal veins of the left gastric vein.

12. D. Because of the pulmonary stenosis and the ventricular septal defect,

right ventricular hypertrophy is causing the heart to enlarge to the right.

3.Assessment tools for interim attestation of students:

Examinations questions

1) Modern principles and methods for anatomical study.

2) Accessorial and hypoglossal nerves, their anatomy, topography, branches, areas

of innervation.

3) Adrenals glands, its development, topography, structure, blood supply,

innervation.

4) Anatomical and biomechanical classification joints of bones. Continuous

connection of the bones.

5) Anatomy and topography of the corpus callosum, fornix of the brain,

commissure, internal capsule. Its place in the functions of the central nervous

system.

6) Anatomy and topography of the diencephalon, its departments, internal

structure. Localization of the nuclei and pathways in the diencephalon.

7) Anatomy and topography of the IV ventricle, its walls. Cerebrospinal fluid

outflow pathway.

8) Anatomy and topography of the lateral ventricles of the brain, their walls.

9) Anatomy and topography of the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes of the head

and neck

10) Anatomy and topography of the medulla oblongata. Position of the nuclei

and pathways in the medulla oblongata.

11) Anatomy and topography of the midbrain: its parts, its internal structure.

Localization of the nuclei and pathways in the midbrain.

12) Anatomy and topography of the midbrain: its parts, their internal structure.

Position of the nuclei and pathways in the midbrain.

13) Anatomy and topography of the olfactory brain, its central and peripheral

divisions.

14) Anatomy and topography of the pons. Part, the internal structure, the

position of the nuclei and pathways in the pons.

15) Anatomy and topography of the roots of the right and left lungs. Anatomy

and topography of the tracheobronchial lymph nodes.

16) Anatomy and topography of the temporal and infratemporal fossa.

17) Anatomy of the abdominal muscles, their topography, function, blood

supply and innervation. Sheath of the rectus abdominis muscles. Linea alba.

18) Anatomy of the muscle. The muscles as the body. Classification of skeletal

muscles about its shape, structure, location, etc. Anatomical and physiological

muscle diameter.

19) Anatomy of the rhomboid fossa, its relief. Projection nuclei of cranial nerves

on the surface of the rhomboid fossa.

20) Anatomy of the urinary tract: nephron, renal cups, kidney pelvis.

21) Ankle joint: structure, form, motion, the muscles acting on this joint, and its

blood supply and innervation.

22) Anterior cranial fossa, its walls and boundaries. Holes and its destination.

23) Aorta and its parts. Branches of the aortic arch, its anatomy, topography of

branches (blood supply).

24) Auxiliary apparatus eyeball: muscles, eyelids, lacrimal apparatus,

conjunctiva. Its anatomical characteristics, blood supply, innervation.

25) Avilable atrial and ventricular myocardium. Cardiac conduction system.

26) Axilla, its walls, holes, its destination. Channel of the radial nerve.

27) Axillary and brachial artery: topography, branches and areas which supplaed

by it. Blood supply of the shoulder joint.

28) Axis and the plane of the anatomy. The lines which are conditionally carried

out on a surface of a body, their value for designation of a projection of organs on

the skin (examples).

29) Bone as an organ: its evolution, structure growth. Classification of bones.

30) Brachial plexus (long branches).

31) Brachial plexus (short branches).

32) Brachiocephalic vein, their topography. Outflow of venous blood from the

head, neck and upper limbs.

33) Branches of the thoracic aorta (parietal and visceral), its anatomy,

topography to depart of its branch.

34) Breast muscle, and fascia, their topography, structure, function, blood supply

and innervation.

35) Cecum: structure, relation to the peritoneum, the topography of the

appendix. Blood supply, innervation of the cecum and appendix.

36) Central organs of the immune system: bone marrow, thymus. Their

topography, development, structure in people of different ages.

37) Cerebellum, its structure, the nucleus of the cerebellum, cerebellar

peduncles.

38) Cerebral artery. Large arterial (Willis) circle of the base of brain. Sources of

blood supply to different parts of the brain.

39) Cerebral vein. Venous sinuses of the dura mater. Venous emissaries and

diploic veins.

40) Cervical sympathetic trunk topography: nodes, branches, areas innervated by

its.

41) Chambers of the heart, its anatomy, topography of the internal surface.

42) Characteristics of the inner surface of the skull base; holes and its

destination.

43) Common, the external and internal iliac arteries and their branches and areas

which it supplied.

44) Crural artery: topography, branches and areas which supplaed by it. Blood

supply to the ankle joint.

45) Deciduous and permanent teeth, its structure and time of its eruption.

Dentition formula deciduous and permanent teeth. Blood supply and innervation of

the teeth.

46) Development of the brain - brain vesicles and their derivatives. Formation of

the cerebral ventricles.

47) Development of the person. Features of the structure of organs and body in

children , adolescents, youth , adult , elderly and senile

48) Duodenum: its part, structure, topography, relation to the peritoneum, blood

supply, innervation, the regional lymph nodes .

49) Elbow joint, especially its structure. The muscles acting on the elbow joint,

its innervation and blood supply.

50) Epiphysis, the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland.

51) Esophagus: topography, structure, blood supply and innervation. Regional

lymph nodes of the esophagus.

52) External carotid artery, its topography, branches and areas which supplied by

its.

53) Eyeball: the general plan of the structure eyeball (tunics and its

characteristics).

54) Facial bones of the skull. Orbit: the structure of its walls, holes, its

destination.

55) Facial expression muscles. Its development, anatomy, topography, function,


56) Facial nerve, its branches, its anatomy, topography, areas of innervation.

57) Fallopian tube: structure, topography, relationship to the peritoneum, blood

supply and innervation.

58) Features fetal blood supply and change in the vascular system after birth

59) Female external genitalia, and its structure, blood supply, innervation.

60) Femoral artery: its topography, branches. Blood supply to the hip joint.

61) Foot bones: its joints. Passive and active "tightening", arches of the foot, its

mechanism of action on the foot.

62) Forearm artery: topography, branches, areas of blood supply. Blood supply

of the elbow joint.

63) Gallbladder, its structure, topography. Ducts of the gallbladder and liver.

Blood supply and innervation of the gallbladder.

64) Glossopharyngeal nerve and its branches, its anatomy, topography, areas of

innervation.

65) Group endocrine glands of the adrenal system: chromaffin cells

(paraganglia) - carotid and coccygeal. Its development, structure, topography.

66) Heart arteries. Features and options for branching. Cardiac veins.

67) Heart valves, their structure, mechanism of regulation of blood flow in the

heart.

68) Heart: development, topography, boundaries and the projection of the heart

valves on the anterior chest wall.

69) Hip joint: structure, shape, motion, blood supply and innervation.

70) Inferior vena cava. Sources of its formation and topography. Tributaries of

the inferior vena cava and its anastomoses.

71) Inguinal canal, its walls, deep and superficial ring, the contents of the

channel. Weaknesses in the anterior abdominal wall.

72) Inner ear vestibular apparatus, parts (bone and the membranous labyrinth),

their anatomical characteristics.

73) Inner ear: organ of hearing (the cochlea, its bony and the membranous

labyrinth, spiral organ), its anatomical characteristics. Pathway of the auditory

analyzer.

74) Intermediofacial nerve, its branches, their anatomy, topography, areas of

innervation.

75) Internal carotid artery, its topography, branches and areas which supplied by

its.

76) Joints of the skull bones, types of suture. Temporomandibular joint:

structure, shape, motion, muscle, blood supply and innervation.

77) Kidney, their development, anatomy, topography. The structure of the

nephron. Malformations of the kidney.

78) Knee joint: structure, shape, motion, and its blood supply and innervation.

79) Large intestine: its departments, their topography, relation to the peritoneum;

structure of the wall, blood supply, innervation, regional lymph nodes

80) Larynx: cartilages, its joints. Elastic cone larynx. Relief of internal surfaces

of mucosa of the larynx.

81) Leg and foot bones: their connection. Passive and active "tightening", arches

of the foot.

82) Liver: its development, structure, topography, blood supply and innervation,

the regional lymph nodes.

83) Lumbar and sacral parts of the sympathetic trunk, its topography, nodes,

branches, areas innervated by its.

84) Lumbar plexus and its branches.

85) Lungs: development, topography. Segmental structure, pulmonary acinus

86) Lymph node as a body (structure, function). Classification of lymph nodes.

87) Male and female urethra: topography, departments, sphincters.

88) Masticatory muscles. Their development, anatomy, topography, function,

blood supply and innervation. Masticatory muscle fascia.

89) Medial cranial fossa, its walls and boundaries. Holes and its destination.

90) Mediastinum: departments, its topography; mediastinal organs.

91) Middle ear, part (tympanic cavity, auditory ossicles, auditory tube, the cells

of the mastoid process), anatomical characteristics, blood supply and innervation.

92) Midriff (diaphragm), its parts, topography, function, blood supply and

innervation.

93) Mouth: lips, buccal cavity, the hard and soft palate. Their structure, function,


94) Mouth: lips, buccal cavity, the hard and soft palate. Their structure, function,


95) Muscle, and fascia of the shoulder: its anatomy, topography, function, blood


96) Muscles - synergists and antagonists. Muscle work. Types of levers in

biomechanics.

97) Muscles and fascia of male and female perineum. Its blood supply and

innervation.

98) Muscles and fascia of the back, their topography, structure, function, blood


99) Muscles and fascia of the forearm, its anatomy, topography, function, blood


100) Muscles and fascia of the shoulder girdle: its structure, topography, function,


101) Neck muscles, its function, blood supply and innervation. Topography and

fascia of the neck.

102) Nervous system and its role in the body. Classification of the nervous

system, the relationship of its divisions.

103) Nucleus of the gray matter of the spinal cord, its destination. Localization of

conductive pathways in the spinal cord white matter.

104) Nucleus of the gray matter of the spinal cord, their purpose. Localization of

conductive pathways in the spinal cord white matter.

105) Pancreas: development, topography, structure, ducts, blood supply,

innervation, the regional lymph nodes.

106) Parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. General

characteristics: centers and the peripheral part (nodes and distribution branches).

107) Parietal and visceral (paired and unpaired) branches of the abdominal aorta.

Features of their branching and anastomoses.

108) Pathways of the exteroreceptive species sensitivity. Position pathways of

pain and temperature sensitivity in different parts of the brain and spinal cord.

109) Pathways tactile sensitivity, and their position in the different parts of the

brain and spinal cord.

110) Pelvis and its joints. Pelvis as a whole. Age and sex features of its.

Dimensions of the female pelvis.

111) Pericardium, its structure, topography, pericardial sinuses.

112) Pericardium, its structure, topography, pericardial sinuses.

113) Peritoneum , the topography of the abdominal cavity

114) Pharynx, its topography, structure, blood supply and innervation. Regional

lymph nodes. Pharyngeal lymphoepithelial ring

115) Pleura, its departments, border, pleural cavity, pleural sinuses.

116) Plexus abdomen and pelvis cavity (celiac, mesenteric, hypogastric). Sources

of formation, nodes, branches.

117) Popliteal artery and its branches and topography. Blood supply of the knee.

118) Portal vein. Its tributaries, their topography, branching of the portal vein in

the liver. Anastomoses of the portal vein and its tributaries.

119) Posterior cranial fossa, its walls and boundaries. Holes and its destination.

120) Pterygopalatine fossa: its walls, holes and its destination.

121) Pterygopalatine fossa: its walls, holes and its destination.

122) Rectum: topography, relation to the peritoneum, the structure of the wall,

blood supply and innervation, the regional lymph nodes.

123) Refracting sistem of the eyeball: cornea, aqueous humor of chambers of the

eyeball, lens, vitreous body and its anatomical characteristics.

124) Relationships of gray and white matter in the hemispheres of the brain.

Topography of the basal ganglia. The internal capsule: structure, location and

functional significance of the passways in it.

125) Retina. Pathway of the visual analyzer.

126) Ribs and sternum: its development, structure, variants and anomalies. Joint

of the vertebrae and ribs sternum. Thorax as a whole.

127) Sacral plexus.

128) Shoulder joint: structure, form, biomechanics, muscles acting on this joint,

and its blood supply and innervation.

129) Small intestine, its departments, their topography, the attitude to the

peritoneum, structure of the wall, blood supply, innervation.

130) Spermatic cord, its topography, its constituent parts. External male genitalia,

its anatomy.

131) Sphenoid bone: parts, holes and its destination.

132) Spinal cord: its development, the position in the spinal canal, the internal

structure, the blood supply of the spinal cord.

133) Spine as a whole: anatomy, the formation of its bends. Muscles producing

movement of the spinal column.

134) Spleen: development, topography, structure, blood supply and innervation.

135) Stomach, structure, functions

136) Stomach: anatomy, topography, blood supply and innervation. Regional

lymph nodes of the stomach.

137) Subclavian artery: topography, branches and areas which its supplied.

138) Subject and content anatomy. Its place in a number of biological disciplines.

Value for the study of anatomy and clinical disciplines for the medical practice.

139) Sublingual and submandibular salivary gland: the topography, structure,

duct, blood supply and innervation.

140) Sulci and gyri on the medial and basal surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres.

Location cortical centers in the cortex

141) Sulci and gyri superolateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres.

Localization cortical centers in the cortex.

142) Sulcus and gyrus on the superiolateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres.

Location cortical centers in the cortex.

143) Superior vena cava, the sources of its formation and topography. Azygos and

hemiazygos vein anastomoses and its tributaries.

144) Sympathetic nervous system, a general characteristic; centers and the

peripheral part (nodes, the distribution of the branches).

145) Taste analyzer

146) Temporal bone: parts, holes, canals and its destination.

147) Testis, epididymis. Its development, structure, blood supply, innervation.

Shell of the testis.

148) The medial and posterior muscles of the thigh and fascia lata: its topography,

function, blood supply and innervation. Adductorial canal.

149) The muscle and fascia of the low leg (shin). Their topography, function,


150) The muscles of the anterior group of the thigh and fascia of the thigh.

Topography, function, blood supply and innervation. Muscle and vascular lacuna.

151) The nasal cavity, the structure of its walls. Paranasal sinuses and its

communications.

152) The neck, their boundaries. Triangles neck, their practical value.

153) The outer ear, his part; structure, blood supply, innervation.

154) The outer surface of the skull base; holes and its destination.

155) The peritoneum and its derivatives.

156) The pituitary gland, its topography, structure, functions.

157) The pituitary gland, its topography, structure, place in the system of the

endocrine glands.

158) The prostate gland, seminal vesicles. Bulbo-urethral glands, anatomy,

topography (in relation to the urethra). Blood supply, innervation. Regional lymph

node prostate gland.

159) The structure of simple and complex reflex arcs. Classification pathways of

the brain and spinal cord.

160) The structure of the joint. Classification of joints by forms of its articular

surfaces. Axis and function of joints. Range of motion in joints.

161) The structure of the joint. Classification of joints in the form of the articular

surfaces, axis and function. Range of motion in joints.

162) The vagus nerve, its branches, its anatomy, topography, areas of innervation.

163) Thoracic sympathetic trunk, its topography, nodes, branches, areas which

innervated by its.

164) Thyroid and parathyroid glands. Topography, structure, blood supply,

innervation.

165) Tongue (muscles of the tongue, nipples), development, structure, function,

its blood supply and innervation. Regional lymph nodes.

166) Trachea and bronchi. Its structure, topography, blood supply and

innervation.

167) Ureters and urinary bladder. Its structure, topography, blood supply and

innervation.

168) Uterus: development of the uterus, topography, ligaments, related to the

peritoneum, blood supply, innervation, the regional lymph nodes.

169) Uveal tract (choroid tunic) of eyeball, its parts. Mechanism of

accommodation.

170) Variants and anomalies of the skull bones, and their importance in the

practice of medicine and anatomy.

171) Vegetative part of the nervous system, its classification, characterization

departments.

172) Vegetative part of the nervous system, its classification, characterization

departments.

173) Venous plexus of organs. Venous anastomoses (cava-caval and porto-caval),

its structure and topography.

174) Vertebrae: their development, structure in different parts of the spine,

variants and anomalies; joint between the vertebrae.

- tests;

ANATOMY TEST FOR EXAM

1. Which of the following nerves act as sensory supply to the tonsil?

a. Vagus

b. Glossopharyngeal

c. Sphenopalatine

d. Greater palatine

2. Which of the following areas contain arterio venous anastomosis?

a. Tips of fingers

b. Nose

c. Brain

d. Kidneys

3. Which of the following bones has no medullary cavity

a. Clavicle

b. Humerus

c. Fibula

d. Ulna

4. Renal angle is

a. Area where ureter enters the hilum of the kidney

b. Angle between 12th

riband border of sacrospinalis

c. Angle between medial border of adrenal gland and kidney

d. Junction between the anterior and posterior division of renal artery

5. Which of the following organs do not contains elastic cartilage

a. Auricle

b. Auditory tube

c. Epiglottis

d. Trachea

6. Ligamentum teres is a remnant of

a. Ductus venosus

b. Ductus arteriosus

c. Hypogastric artery

d. Umbilical vein

7. Flexors of elbow are all except

a. Biceps brachii

b. Coraco brachialis

c. Brachio radialis

d. Brachialis

8. Brachial plexus is formed by

a. Ventral rami of C5 –T1

b. Dorsal rami of C5-T1

c. Ventral rami of C6-T1

d. Dorsal rami of C6 –T1

9. Ant. interosseous artery of branch of

a. Median artery

b. Brachial artery

c. Ulnar artery

d. Radial artery

10. Contents of cubital fossa are all except

a. Ulnar nerve

b. Radial artery

c. Ulnar artery

d. Radial nerve

11. Content of anatomical snuff box is

a. Radial nerve

b. Radial artery

c. Cephalic vein

d. All of the above

12. Wrist drop is not seen in

a. Injury of radial nerve at axilla

b. Injury of radial nerve at spiral groove

c. Injury of radial nerve at cubital fossa (forearm)

d. None of above is true

13. All muscles cause adduction of shoulder joint except a. P.Major

b. L.dorsi

c. Deltoid

d. T. major

14. Structure attached at superior surface of coracoid process is

a. Short head of biceps femoris

b. Coraco brachialis

c. Both a & b

d. None of the above

15. Claw hand is seen in

a. Injury to ulnar nerve

b. Injury to lower part of brachial plexus

c. Cubital tunnel syndrome

d. All of the above

16. Lumbricals cause

a. Extension of MCP joint

b. Flexion at MCP joint

c. Flexion at IP joint

d. Adduction & abduction of digits

17. Under separation of head from trunk during birth injury will cause

a. Erb’s palsy

b. Klumpke’s paralysis

c. Any of the above

d. Both of the above

18. Tennis elbow is due

a. Common flexor muscle tendinitis of forearm muscles

b. Common extensor muscle tendinitis forearm muscles

c. Tear of ulnar collateral ligament


e. Both a & c

f. Both b & C

19. Structures passing through bicipital groove are

a. Tendon of short head of biceps with synovial sheath

b. Tendon of short head of biceps without synovial sheath

c. Ascending branch of ant circumflex humeral art

d. Both a & C

e. Both B & C

20. Axillary nerve supplies

a. P. Major

b. P. Minor

c. T. Major

d. T. Minor

21. Adductor pollicis is supplied by

a. Radial nerve

b. Median nerve

c. Ulnar nerve

d. PIN

22. Flexor of lumbar vertebrae is

a. Psoas major

b. Rectus abdominis

c. Ext. oblique

d. Both external oblique and internal oblique

23. Extensor of hip joint is

a. Quadriceps femoris b. Hamstrings

c. G. Medius

d. G. Maximus

24. Peroneus tertius is inserted into

a. 1st metatarsal

b. 5th

metatarsal

c. Calcaneum

d. All of the above

25. Most common ligament to be injured in ankle jerk joint is

a. Deltoid ligament

b. Spring ligament

c. Tibiotalar ligament

d. Talofibular ligament

26. True about menisci is

a. lat menisci is semilunar in shape

b. Tendon of popliteus is attached to lat menisci

c. Injury of medial menisci cause difficulty in locking of knee it

d. All of the above

27. Club foot is due to

a. Plantar equinovalgus

b. Plantar equinovarus

c. Clawing of foot

d. Injury to spring ligament

28. Which muscle is not a muscle of lateral compartment of leg

a. Peroneus longus

b. Peroneus brevis

c. Peroneus tertius


29. Maid was brought to hospital with swelling pain on the knee with no history of fall or

trauma. The condition likely to be is

a. Fracture of patella

b. Medial menisci injury

c. Prepatellar bursitis

d. Baker’s cyst

30. Inversion and eversion occur at

a. Ankle joint

b. Subtalar joint

c. Calcaneocuboid joint

d. Talocalcaneo-navicular joint

31. Hamstring muscle is

a. Biceps femor is

b. Semitendious

c. Adductor magnus

d. All of the above

32. True about saphenous nerve is

a. Largest cutaneous nerve

b. Cutaneous branch of femoral nerve

c. Accompanies great saphenous vein

d. All of the above

33. Match of the following

1. Articules genu a. Sup gluteal Nerve

2. Superior gemellus b. Femoral Nerve

3. Tensor fascia lata c. Obturator Nerve

4. Pectineus d. Nerve to obturator Internus.

a. 1 –A, 2 –b, 3 – B, 4 – C

b. 1 – B, 2 – C, 3 – A, 4 – D

c. 1-B, 2 – D, 3 – A, 4 – C

d. 1 – C, 2 – B, 3 – A, 4 – D

34. 1st Sternochondral joint is

a. Synarthroses

b. Synchondroses

c. Syndesmosis

d. Synostosis

35. which of the following structures pass through the opening in the central tendon of

diaphragm

a. Right phrenic nerve

b. Left phrenic nerve

c. Esopahges

d. Aorta

36. Which of the following is involved in forming the lateral wall of mastoid antrum?

a. Tympanic cleft

b. Tegmen tympani

c. Supramental triangle

d. Mastoid Process

37. The umbilical vein carries

a. Oxygenated blood towards the placenta

b. Deoxygenated blood towards the placenta

c. Oxygenated blood way from the placenta

d. Deoxygenated blood away from the placenta

38. Femoral artery pulse is best felt at

a. Mid- inguinal point 4 cm below inguinal ligament

b. Mid inguinal point just below inguinal ligament

c. At a point 4cm below and lateral to pubic tubercle

d. On medial aspect of thigh at the junction of middle and lower third

39. Azygous vein enters the thorax through

a. Caval opening in diaphragm

b. Esophageal opening in diaphragm

c. Aortic opening is diaphragm


40. Structures arranged in hilum of left lung from ant. to post. are in following sequence

a. Art, bronchus, vein

b. Vein, art, bronchus

c. Bronchus, vein artery

d. Bronchus, art, bronchus, vein

41. In pleural paracentesis,needle should be put in part of intercostals space

a. Upper

b. Lower

c. Middle

d. Any

42. Post. interventricular artery is a branch of

a. Artery coronary artery

b. Marginal artery

c. Left coronary artery

d. Circumflux artery

43. Opening in right atrium are all except

a. Anterior cardiac vein b. Great cardiac vein

c. Thebesian veins

d. Coronary sinus

44. Trabeculae carnae are seen in

a. RA

b. LA

c. RV

d. LV

45. SA node is supplied by

a. Right coronary art

b. Lift coronary art

c. Either of above

d. None of above

46. Segmental bronchi are

a. Primary bronchi

b. Secondary bronchi

c. Tertiary bronchi

d. Any of the above

47. Costal cartilages are type of

a. Fibrous cartilage

b. Elastic cartilage

c. Hyaline cartilage

d. Synchondroses

48. Azygous vein opens into SVC at level of

a. T2

b. T4

c. T6

d. T8

49. Weight of right lung is

a. 675gms

b. 625gms

c. 575gms

d. 525gms

50. Third esophageal constriction is at level of, esophagus being crossed by

a. Arch of aorta

b. Left bronchus

c. Right bronchus

d. Vagus nerve

51. Length of trachea is

a. 4cm

b. 10cm

c. 25cm

d. 45cm

52. All of the following participate in forming urogenital diaphragm expect

a. Deep transverse percenii

b. Perineal membrane

c. Sphincter urethrae

d. Superficial transverse perenii

53. Dorsal column of spinal cord carry all of the following sensations expect

a. Temperature

b. Proprioception

c. Discriminative touch

d. Vibration

54. lienorenal ligament contains all except a. Tail of pancreas

b. Short gastric vessals

c. Splenic vessels

d. Left gastroepiploic is formed

55. Post. boundary of foramen of Winslow is formed by

a. Gastroduodenal artery

b. Hepatic artery

c. IVC

d. Portal vein

56. Contents of inguinal canal in male is

a. Spermatic cord

b. Ilioinguinal nerve

c. Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

i. I, II, III

ii. I, II

iii. I only

iv. I, III

57. Hydrocoele is collection of fluid in

a. Scrotal sac

b. Tunica vaginalis

c. Spermatic cord

d. Tunica albuginea

58. True about inguinal hernia

a. Indirect inguinal hernias are more common

b. Direct inguinal hernia passes through deep inguinal ring

c. Indirect inguinal hernia is medial to inferior epigastric artery

d. Indirect hernia are commonly seen in elderly males

59. Policeman of abdomen is

a. Appendix

b. Payer patches

c. Greater omentum

d. Spleen

60. Inferior epigastric artery is a branch of

a. Internal illiac artery

b. External iliac artery

c. Internal pudendal artery

d. Femoral artery

61. All are the branches of celiac axis except

a. Left gastric artery

b. Splenic artery

c. Sup.mesenteric artery

d. Gastroduodenal artery

62. Which of the following is a branch of abdominal aorta

a. Ovarian artery

b. Vaginal artery

c. Uterine artery

d. All of the above

63. Right testicular vein drains into

a. Right renal vein

b. Right suprarenal vein

c. IVC

d. Pampiniform plexus of veins

64. Cardinal ligament of uterus is

a. Broad ligament b. Round ligament of uterus

c. Transverse cervical ligament

d. Pubocervical ligament

65. Angle of anteversion is

a. 900

b. 1200

c. 1600

d. 1100

66. False about pectinate line is

a. Marks mucocutaneous junction of anal canal

b. Marks the end of internal sphincter ani muscle

c. Anal canal above it is supplied by ANS

d. It is the site of porto caval anastomoses

67. Structure passing through greater sciatic foramen are all expect

a. Nerve to obturator internus

b. Tendon of obturator internus

c. Internal pudendal vessels

d. Pudendal nerve

68. All structures are 45cm long except

a. Vas deferens

b. Spinal cord

c. Humerus

d. Thoracic duct

69. Stomach bed is made of all except

a. Splenic artery

b. Splenic vein

c. Transverse mesocolon

d. Suprarenal gland (left)

70. Appendicular artery is a branch of

a. Sup. mesenteric artery

b. Inferior mesenteric artery

c. ileocolic artery

d. Left colic artery

71. Portal vein is formed by joining of

a. Sup.mesentric vein & inferior mesenteric vein

b. Sup.mesentric vein & splenic vein

c. Inferior mesenteric vein & splenic artery

d. Superior mesentric vein & pancreatic vein

72. Major duodenal papilla lies in

a. 2nd

part of duodenum 4-6cm away form pylorus

b. 2nd

part of duodenum 6-8cm away from pylorus

c. 2nd

part of duodenum 8-10cm away from pylorus

d. 2nd

part of duodenum 10-12cm away form pylorus

73. Features of small intestines are

a. Plica circulars

b. Appendices epiploicae

c. Both a & b

d. None

74. All the branches of post division of interior iliac artery except

a. Sup.gluteal artery

b. Inferior gluteal artery

c. Iliolumbar artery

d. Lateral sacral artery

75. Urogenital diaphgram is made by a. Levator ani muscle

b. Sphincter uretherae

c. Sphincter vesicae

d. Ext. sphincter ani.

76. Cells of leydig secrete

a. Ova

b. Sperm

c. Progesterone

d. Testosterone

77. Main pancreatic duct is called

a. Stensons duct

b. Wirsung’s duct

c. Wharton’s duct

d. Santorini’s duct

78. Sphincter of oddi is present in

a. Common hepatic duct

b. Common bile duct

c. Cystic duct

d. Ampulla of vater

79. Cranial nerve which cannot regenerate

a. Optic

b. Olfactory

c. Trochlear

d. Facial

80. Cranial nerve with longest intracranial course

a. Trochlear

b. Trigeminal

c. Vagus

d. Abducens

81. Cranial nerve covered with meninges

a. Optic

b. olfactory

c. Both

d. None

82. Cranial nerve most commonly involved in anterior cranial fossa injuries

a. Optic

b. Olfactory

c. Facial

d. Auditory

83. Cranial nerves related to nucleous ambigus

a. 7, 9, 10

b. 5, 7, 9, 10

c. 9, 10, 11

d. 9, 10, 11, 12

84. Bell’s palsy is due to

a. UMN facial palsy

b. LMN facial palsy

c. B/L facial palsy

d. Any of the above

85. Levator scapulae is supplied by

a. Dorsal scapular nerve

b. Thoraco-dorsal nerve

c. Long thoracic nerve

d. None of the above 86. Injury to soft palate will cause all expect

a. Deviation of uvula to same side

b. Deviation of uvula to opposite side

c. Flattening of palatal arch an same side

d. Nasal twang to voice

87. Corneal reflex is due

a. V, III cranial N

b. II, III cranial N

c. II, IV cranial N

d. II, V cranial N

88. Muscles of larynx are supplied mainly by

a. Sup. Laryngeal nerve

b. Recurrent laryngeal Nerve

c. Ext. laryngeal nerve

d. Int. laryngeal nerve

89. Lymph node of Tonsil is

a. Jugulo omohyoid

b. Jugulodigastric

c. Submandibular

d. Submental

90. Root value of sciatic nerve is

a. L3, L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

b. L3, L4, L5, S1, S2

c. L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

d. L4, L5, S1, S2

91. All are suprahyoid muscles except

a. Mylohyoid

b. Digastric

c. Geniohyoid

d. Omohyoid

92. Which of the following cranial nerve is not present in carotid triangle

a. IX

b. X

c. XI

d. XII

93. What are the branches of ICA in node

a. Anterior cerebral artery

b. Middle cerebral artery

c. Both

d. None

94. Corpus callosum is a type of

a. Association fibre

b. Commisural fibre

c. Projection fibre

d. Intrinsic fibre

95. All are parts of corpus striatum except

a. Caudate nucleus

b. Amygdala

c. Putamen

d. Globus pallidus

96. Rupture of berry aneurysm can cause

a. Extradural haemorrhage

b. Subdural haemorrhage

c. Subarachnoid haemorrhage d. Intracerebral haemorrhage

97. Cerebellar damage can cause all expect

a. Nystagmus

b. Tremor at rest

c. Dysdiadokinesis

d. Drunken gait

98. CSF is formed in

a. Lateral ventricles

b. III ventricles

c. IV ventricle

d. All of the above

99. All are parts of internal capsule expect

a. Genu

b. Rostrum

c. Retrolentiform part

d. Sublentiform part

100. Cranial nerves involved in parasympathetic outflow is are

a. 3, 5, 9, 10

b. 3, 7, 9, 10

c. 5, 7, 9, 10

d. S2, S3, S4

101. Parotid gland is supplied by

a. Deep petrosal nerve

b. Lesser petrosal nerve

c. Auriculotemporal nerve

d. Lingual nerve

102. Edinger westphal nucleus is

a. Sympathetic nucleus of V

b. Parasysmpathetic nucleus of V

c. Sympathetic nucleus of III

d. Parasympathetic Nucleus of III

103. Cross section of superior colliculus at the level of brain stem shows

a. Red nucleus

b. Red nucleus and occulomotor nerve

c. Red nucleus and optic nerve

104. Nerve commonly involved in Gullain Barre syndrome

a. Facial

b. Optic

c. Oculomotor

d. Trochelar

105. Primary auditory area

a. Area 22

b. Wernickes are

c. Area 41

d. Area 42

106. A lesion involving right upper motor neuron of facial nerve causes paralysis of

a. Right lower facial muscles

b. Left lower facial muscles

c. All facial muscles on right side

107. Optic nerve damage causes

a. Blindness on I/L eye

b. Bitemporal hemianopia

c. Binasal hemianopia

d. Hamozygous hemianopial with macular sparing 108. All of the following are cerebellar nuclei except

a. Dentate nucleus

b. Red nucleus

c. Globus nucleus

d. Emboliform nucleus

109. Spinal cord ends at the level of

a. L1

b. L2

c. L3

d. L4

110. Which of the following is not a extrapyramidal tract

a. Rubrospinal

b. Reticulospinal

c. Cortico spinal

d. Tectospinal

111. Tongue develops from

a. I, II, III, IV arches

b. I, II, III arches

c. I, III, IV arches

d. I, II, IV arches

112. IVC in fetal circulation carries blood

a. Oxygenated

b. Mixed but mainly oxygenated

c. Deoxygenated

d. Mixed but mainly deoxygenated

113. Ligamentum teres is remnant of

a. Left umbilical artery

b. Left umbilical vein

c. Right umbilical artery

d. Right umbilical vein

114. All are neural crest derivatives except

a. Pia

b. Arachnoid

c. Dura

d. Schwann cells

115. Sup.parathyroid is derived form

a. 1st endodermal pouch

b. 2nd

endodermal pouch

c. 3rd

endodermal pouch

d. 4th

endodermal pouch

116. Spleen is derived from

a. Endoderm

b. Mesoderm

c. Ectoderm

d. Neural crest

117. Main unit of placenta is

a. Chorionic villi

b. Syncytio trophotblast

c. Deciduos basalis

d. Cysto trophoblast

118. Secretory unit of kidney is derived from

a. Metanephros

b. Pronephros

c. Mesonephric duct d. Paramesonephric duct

ANATOMY TEST KEY 1. B

2. B

3. A

4. B

5. D

6. D

7. B

8. A

9. C

21. C

22. B

23. D

24. B

25. D

26. B

27. B

28. C

29. C

41. B

42. A

43. B

44. C

45. A

46. C

47. C

48. B

49. B

61. C

62. A

63. C

64. C

65. A

66. B

67. B

68. C

69. B

81. C

82. B

83. C

84. B

85. A

86. A

87. A

88. B

89. B

101. B

102. *

103. B

104. A

105. C

106. B

107. A

108. B

109. A

10. A

11. B

12. C

13. C

14. D

15. D

16. B

17. A

18. B

19. D

20. B

30. B

31. D

32. D

33. C

34. B

35. D

36. C

37. C

38. B

39. C

40. B

50. B

51. B

52. D

53. A

54. B

55. C

56. B (ii)

57. B

58. A

59. C

60. B

70. C

71. B

72. C

73. A

74. B

75. B

76. D

77. B

78. D

79. A

80. A

90. C

91. D

92. A

93. D

94. B

95. B

96. C

97. B

98. D

99. B

100. B

110. C

111. C

112. B

113. B

114. C

115. D

116. B

117. A

118. A

- assessment criteria.

5. Materials for the Final State Examination of graduates:

- are not stipulated;

- collections of tests and situational tasks.

5. Accreditation pedagogical testing materials (APTM).





ACCREDITATION PEDAGOGICAL TESTING MATERIALS

(APTM). anatomy

for the specialty

31.05.01 «General medicine»

2015

Content APTM

1. Specification APTM

2. The content structure APTM

3. Instruction on educational measurement

4. Variants of test tickets APTM

5. Instructions assessment tasks (answer key)

6. Test results APTM

7. The Bank of tasks APTM

Specification APTM

Name of educational discipline Anatomy

The name of the cycle of disciplines NS

The codes and names of of directions of

preparation (specialties), which can be used

APTM


Number of tasks in a test ticket 30

The number of variants of test tickets 5

Form of tasks test - ticket The test consists of of tasks with a choice of

one answer of the 4 proposed.

Reference type - closed.

Supplement the statement.

Type of tasks - open.

Lead time test - ticket 30 minutes

Requisites developers Konovalova S. G. – PhD of biological,

Associate Professor, Department of

Anatomy and Operative Surgery. t.8 (8182)

243129

Year of developing APTM 2015 (version 3)

Table 1. Didactic unit

Top

ic

Tit

le

Contents (DU)

DU for the control of residual

knowledge

1. T

he

skel

eton o

f

trunk a

nd

extr

emit

ies

Classification of bones. The structure of the

bones. Bone as an organ. The development of

the skeleton. The structure of the vertebral

column and chest cavity. The structure of the

bones of the girdle and free upper and lower

limbs. Variant anatomy of the bones. Functions

of the trunk and limbs bones

Classification of bones. The

structure of the bones. The

structural unit of the bone. The

main features of the structure of the

vertebral column and chest cavity.

The main features of the structure

of the bones of the girdle and the

free upper and lower limbs.

2. C

ranio

logy

Skull, structure, functions. Development of the

skull. The structure of the of bones of the

cerebral skull . Canals of the temporal bone. The

structure of the facial bones. Skull as whole.

Vault and base of the skull. The topography of

the skull. External and internal base of the skull.

Pterygo-palatine, temporal and infratemporal

fossa (walls, conections, content). Orbit (walls,

conection). The nasal cavity (walls, conection).

Bone palate. Temporomandibular joint (characteristics, structure, function, ligaments).

Age and variant anatomy of the skull.

Classification of the skull bones.

The main features of the structure

of bones of the cranium. The main

features of the structure of the facial

bones of the skull. Body and base

of the skull. Pterygo-palatine,

temporal and infratemporal fossa.

Eye socket. Common features of

the structure of the

temporomandibular joint

3. Jo

ints

of

the

trunk a

nd

lim

bs

Classification of joints (discontinuous and

continuous). Types of continuous joints. The

structure of the joints. The main and additional

elements and their importance in the formation

of the joint. Development. Classification joints

in shape, the degree of mobility. The structure of

the joints bones the trunk and limbs (articular

surface, fixing the joint capsule, ligaments).

Function of joints between the bones of the body

and limbs.

Classification of joints

(discontinuous and continuous).

Basic and mounting parts of the

joints. The main features of the

structure of bones joints of the

trunk and limbs.

4. T

he

musc

les

of

the

trunk a

nd

lim

bs

Kinds muscle tissue. The structure of the

muscles, as an organ. Classification muscles in

shape, the number of heads, number of the

bellies, the direction of muscle bundles, from

the function, by location. The development of

muscles. The auxiliary apparatus of muscle.

Elements of biomechanics muscle. The variant

anatomy, malformations of the trunk muscles,

head and neck and limbs. The structure and

function of muscles of the body, head, neck and

limbs. Topography of muscles of the body,

head, neck and limbs.

Kinds of the muscle tissue.

Classification of the muscles.

Function and topography of

muscles of the trunk, head, neck

and limbs

5. S

pla

nhnolo

gy

The concept of the internal organs. The structure of the wall of the tubular body. The organs of

the digestive system, respiratory system, urinary

system, reproductive system, endocrine glands.

Development. The variant and age anatomy.

Macroscopic and microscopic structure of the

digestive system, respiratory system, urinary

system, reproductive system, endocrine glands.

The structural units of agencies. Topography

organs. The function of the digestive system,

respiratory system, urinary system, reproductive

system, endocrine glands. Serous cavity

structure functions. Mediastinum.

The concept of the internal organs. The structure of the wall of the

tubular body. The main features of

the structure of the digestive

system, respiratory system, urinary

system, reproductive system,

endocrine glands. The structural

units of organ. Elements of

topography. The function of the

digestive system, respiratory

system, urinary system,

reproductive system, endocrine

glands. Serous cavities.

Mediastinum.

6. A

ngio

logy

Circulatory system. The structure of the vessels.

Classification vessels. The general principles of

the blood supply to the body. The development

of the heart and blood vessels. Variant and age

anatomy of the heart and blood vessels. The

structure of the heart (the camera). The structure

of the heart wall. The topography of the heart.

Conducting system of the heart. Blood supply,

venous and lymphatic flow from the heart. The

innervation of the heart. The vessels of the

pulmonary circulation. Arteries

systemic circulation (the beginning, the

direction, the field of blood supply). Arteries of

the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities. The

arteries of the upper and lower extremities. The

arteries of the head and neck. Vienna's great

circle

circulation (of any veins formed, main

tributaries, the area where they collect blood

confluence). Cava-caval and porto-caval

anastomoses. Fetal circulation. Lymphatic

system. The structure of the lymphatic system.

The functions of the lymphatic system. Thoracic

duct, structure, topography. The right lymphatic

duct. Groups of lymph nodes chest, abdomen

and pelvis. Groups of lymph nodes of head and

neck. The lymph nodes and vessels of the limbs.

Classification vessels. The general

principles of the blood supply to the

body. The structure of the heart (the

camera). The structure of the heart

wall. The topography of the heart.

Blood supply to the heart. The

vessels of the pulmonary

circulation. Arteries

systemic circulation (blood supply

to the area). The arteries of the

upper and lower extremities. The

arteries of the head and neck.

Vienna's great circle

circulation (the area where they

collect the blood). Cava-caval and

port-caval anastomoses. The

functions of the lymphatic system.

Thoracic duct, structure,

topography. The right lymphatic

duct.

7. N

euro

logy a

nd e

sthes

iolo

gy

Nervous system. Central and peripheral divisions. Functions of somatic and autonomic

systems. Nerve tissue. Somatic and autonomic

reflex arc. The development of the brain and

spinal cord. Structure of the spinal cord. The

topography of the spinal cord. The segment of

the spinal cord. Topography of gray and white

matter of the spinal cord. Meninges of the

spinal cord. The functions of the spinal cord.

Macroscopic structure of the brain. Sulci and

gyri, localization of cortical function. Vessels

base of the brain. Out of cranial nerves on the

base of the brain. The resulting brain structure,

function. The limbic system. The basal nuclei.

The internal capsule. The lateral ventricles.

Fornix, the corpus callosum. Intermediate brain

structure, function. The third ventricle.

Midbrain, structure, functions. Hindbrain,

structure, functions. Medulla oblongata,

structure, functions. Pathways of the brain and

spinal cord. Meninges of the brain. The

peripheral nervous system. Spinal nerves.

Cervical plexus (a source of education, the

branches, the course nerve innervation area).

Brachial plexus (a source of education, the

branches, the course of nerve innervation area).

Lumbosacral plexus (a source of education, the

branches, the course nerve innervation area).

Cranial nerve (function, nuclei, a place out of

the brain, enters the brain, where they exit from

the cranial cavity, branch, zone of innervation).

The autonomic nervous system. Features of the

structure. The parasympathetic part (structure,

functions, plexus). Sympathetic part (structure,

functions, plexus). Senses. The organ of vision

(eye structure, suplementary apparatus of the

eye, visual analyzer). Ear (structure, function).

The organ of hearing. The organ of balance.

Auditory and vestibular analyzers. The organ of

taste. Olfactory organ.

Nervous system. Central and peripheral divisions. Functions of

somatic and autonomic systems.

Simple and autonomic reflex arch.

Structure of the spinal cord. The

segment of the spinal cord. Skins

spinal cord. The functions of the

spinal cord. Sulci and gyri

localization of cortical function.

The resulting brain structure,

function. Intermediate brain

structure, function. The third

ventricle. Midbrain, structure,

functions. Hindbrain, structure,

functions. Medulla oblongata,

structure, functions. Skins brain.

Spinal nerves. Cervical plexus

(innervation area). Brachial plexus

(innervation area). Lumbosacral

plexus (innervation area). Cranial

nerve (nucleus, a place out of the

cavity of the skull, innervation

area). The autonomic nervous

system. Features of the structure.

The parasympathetic part (structure,

functions, plexus). Sympathetic part

(structure, functions, plexus).

Senses. The organ of vision (eye

structure of the subsidiary bodies of

the eye, visual analyzer). Ear

(structure, function). The organ of

hearing. The organ of balance.

Auditory and vestibular analyzers.

The organ of taste. Olfactory organ.

The structure of the APTM for a specialty discipline Anatomy

31.05.01 «General medicine» 101 "Medicine"

№ Name of section

(didactic unit -

Du) of

discipline

Name Exercises The

volume

content of

DU (hours

of

program)

Requirements to the level of

preparation of the CRP

The degree of

mastering DU

Level of activity

when monitoring

Du

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 Osteology 1.1 .Skelet trunk

1.2 The skeleton of

the head -skull

1.3.Skelet limbs

6

10

4

Be able to

Use in a typical

situation

2 Arthrology 2.1. Joint the bones

of the trunk and

skull

2.2. Joint the bones

of the upper limb

2.3. Joint the bones

of the lower limb

2

2

2

Be able to

Use in a typical

situation

3 Myology 3.1. The muscles

and fascia of the

trunk

3.2. The muscles

and fascia of the

head and neck

3.3. The muscles

and fascia of the

upper limb

3.4. Muscle and

fascia of the lower

limb

4

4

2

2

Be able to

Use in a typical

situation

4 Splanhnology 4.1. Digestive

system

4.2. Respiratory

system

4.3. Urinary system

4.4. Reproductive

system

4.5. Endocrine and

immune systems

12

9

3

9

3

Be able to

Use in a typical

situation

5 Angiology 5.1. Heart

5.2.Vessels of the

pulmonary

circulatory

5.3. Arteries of the

sistemic circulation

5.4.Vens of the

sistemic circulatory

5.5. Lymphatic

system

6

3

10

10

10

Be able to

Use in a typical

situation

6 Neurology

and esthesiology 6.1. Spinal cord

6.2. Brain

6.3. Meninges of the

brain and spinal

cord

6.4. Cranial nerves

6.5. Spinal nerves.

6.7. Vegetative

nervous system

6.8. Esthesiology

6

20

6

20

20

9

15

Be able to

Use in a typical

situation

Table 2.1.

The sequence of presentation of tasks and criteria "set-off" mastering DU for

one (first) variant of the test - ticket APTM discipline "Anatomy" (31.05.01 «General medicine»

№ Name of the didactic unit

discipline Name Exercises

Criterion offsetting

№task

in the 1st

version of the

test - ticket

1 2 3 4 5

1 Osteology

1.1The skeleton of the trunk (the

classification of the bones. The

structure of the bone. The structural

unit of the bone. The main features

of the structure of the vertebral

column and rib cage).

2 1

1.2. The skeleton of the head - the skull (the

classification of the skull bones. The

main features of the structure of

bones of the cranium. The main


bones of the skull. Body and base of

the skull. Pterygo-palatine, temporal

and infratemporal fossa. Eye socket.

Common features of the structure of

the temporomandibular joint.)

2

1.3. The skeleton of the extremities (the main

features of the structure bones of

girdle and the free upper and lower

limbs).

3

2 Arthrology

2.1. The joints the trunk and bones of the skull

(the classification of joints


Primary and secondary elements of

the joints. The main features of the

structure of bones joints of the body,

the general features of the structure,

classification, function)

2 4

2.2. Joints bones of the upper limb (basic

and advanced elements of the



body, the general features of the

structure, classification, function)

5

2.3. Joints bones lower limb (general

features of the structure,


6

3 Myology 3.1. The muscles and fascia of the body (types

of muscle tissue. Classification of

muscles. The function and

topography of muscles of the trunk).

2 7

3.2. The muscles and fascia of the head and neck (muscle function and topography of

the head and neck and limbs)

8

3.3. The muscles and fascia of the upper limb

(function and topography of muscles 9

of the upper limb)

3.4. Muscle and fascia lower limb (function

and topography of muscles of the

upper limb)

10

4 Splanhnology

4.1. Digestive system (concept of the

internal organs. The structure of the

wall of the tubular body. The main

features of the structure of the

digestive system. The structural units

of organs. Elements of topography.

The function of the digestive system.

Serous cavities).

4 11,29

4.2. Respiratory System (main features of

the structure of the respiratory

system. The structural units of

organs. Elements of topography. The

function of the respiratory system.

Serous cavity. Mediastinum)

12

4.3. Urinary System (main features of the

structure of the urinary system. The

structural units of organs. Elements

of topography. The function of the

urinary system.)

13

4.4. The reproductive system (main features

of the structure of the reproductive



function of the reproductive system.

Serous cavities.)

14,28

4.5. Endocrine System (main features of

the structure of the endocrine glands.

The structural units of organs.

Elements of topography. The

function of the endocrine glands.)

15

5 Angiology

5.1. Heart (general features of the structure, function, the base vessels, blood supply, elements

of topography)

4 16

5.2. The vessels of the pulmonary circulation 17

5.3. The arteries of the systemic circulation

(classification, area of blood supply)

18, 30

5.4. Vens systemic circulation (classification,

outflow tract)

19

5.5. Lymphatic System 20

6 Neurology

and esthesiology

6.1. The spinal cord (the nervous system.

The central and peripheral divisions.

Functions somatic and autonomic

systems. Classification of neural

circuits. The structure of the spinal

cord. The segment of the spinal cord.

The functions of the spinal cord)

4 21

6.2. Brain (sulci and gyri localization of

cortical function. Diencephalon,

structure, function. Midbrain,

structure, functions. The hindbrain,

structure, functions. Medulla

oblongata, structure, function.)

22

6.3. Meninges of the brain and spinal cord 23

6.4. Cranial nerve (nucleus, a place out of

the cavity of the skull, innervation

area).

24

6.5. Spinal nerves (spinal nerves.

Cervical plexus (innervation area).

Brachial plexus (innervation area).

Lumbosacral plexus (innervation

area).

25

6.7. The autonomic nervous system (avilable.


functions, plexus). The sympathetic

part (structure, functions, plexus).

Metasympathetic system.

26

6.8. Esthesiology (organ of vision (eye




hearing. The organ of balance. The

hearing, and the vestibular apparatus.

Organ of taste. The organ of smell.)

27

Table 2.2.


one (second) variant of the test - ticket APTM discipline "Anatomy" (31.05.01 «General medicine»




№task

in the 1st

version of the

test - ticket

1 2 3 4 5

1 Osteology







2 1











2




limbs).

3

2 Arthrology 2.1. The joints the trunk and bones of the skull

(the classification of joints 2 4

(discontinuous and continuous). Primary and secondary elements of











5




6

3 Myology 3.1. The muscles and fascia of the body (types

of muscle tissue. Classification of

muscles. The function and

topography of muscles of the trunk).

2 7

3.2. The muscles and fascia of the head and neck (muscle function and topography of

the head and neck and limbs)

8

3.3. The muscles and fascia of the upper limb

(function and topography of muscles

of the upper limb)

9

3.4. Muscle and fascia lower limb (function

and topography of muscles of the

upper limb)

10

4 Splanhnology

4.1. Digestive system (concept of the

internal organs. The structure of the

wall of the tubular body. The main

features of the structure of the

digestive system. The structural units

of organs. Elements of topography.

The function of the digestive system.

Serous cavities).

4 11,29

4.2. Respiratory System (main features of

the structure of the respiratory



function of the respiratory system.

Serous cavity. Mediastinum)

12

4.3. Urinary System (main features of the

structure of the urinary system. The structural units of organs. Elements

of topography. The function of the

urinary system.)

13

4.4. The reproductive system (main features

of the structure of the reproductive



function of the reproductive system.

Serous cavities.)

14,28

4.5. Endocrine System (main features of 15

the structure of the endocrine glands. The structural units of organs.

Elements of topography. The

function of the endocrine glands.) 5 Angiology

5.1. Heart (general features of the structure,

function, the base vessels, blood supply, elements

of topography)

4 16




18, 30

5.4. Vens systemic circulation (classification, outflow tract)

19


6 Neurology

and esthesiology








4 21







22




area).

24





area).

25






26








27

Table 2.3.


one (third) variant of the test - ticket APTM discipline "Anatomy" (31.05.01 «General medicine»




№task

in the 1st

version of the

test - ticket

1 2 3 4 5

1 Osteology







2 1











2




limbs).

3

2 Arthrology









2 4







5




6

3 Myology 5.1. Heart (general features of the structure, function, the base vessels, blood supply, elements

of topography)

2 7




9


outflow tract)

10

4 Splanhnology

5.5. Lymphatic System 4 11,29



12

Functions somatic and autonomic systems. Classification of neural










13

6.3. Meninges of the brain and spinal cord 14,28



area).

15

5 Angiology





area).

4 16






17








18, 30



of topography)

19


6 Neurology

and esthesiology



4 21


outflow tract)

22







cord. The segment of the spinal cord. The functions of the spinal cord)

24







25


6.4. Cranial nerve (nucleus, a place out of 27

the cavity of the skull, innervation area).

Table 2.4.


one (fourth) variant of the test - ticket APTM discipline "Anatomy"

(31.05.01 «General medicine»




№task

in the 1st

version of the

test - ticket

1 2 3 4 5

1 Osteology







2 1











2




limbs).

3

2 Arthrology









2 4







5




6

3 Myology 5.1. Heart (general features of the structure,


of topography)

2 7


5.3. The arteries of the systemic circulation (classification, area of blood supply)

9

5.4. Vens systemic circulation (classification, outflow tract)

10

4 Splanhnology

5.5. Lymphatic System 4 11,29








12







13




area).

15

5 Angiology





area).

4 16






17








18, 30



of topography)

19


6 Neurology

and esthesiology

5.3. The arteries of the systemic circulation (classification, area of blood supply)

4 21


outflow tract)

22









24





25

structure, functions. Medulla oblongata, structure, function.) 6.3. Meninges of the brain and spinal cord 26



area).

27

Table 2.5.


one (fifth) variant of the test - ticket APTM discipline "Anatomy"

(31.05.01 «General medicine»




№task

in the 1st

version of the

test - ticket

1 2 3 4 5

1 Osteology







2 1











2




limbs).

3

2 Arthrology









2 4







5




6

3 Myology

5.1. Heart (general features of the structure, function, the base vessels, blood supply, elements

of topography)

2 7




9


outflow tract)

10

4 Splanhnology


11,29








12







13




area).

15

5 Angiology





area).

4

16






17








18, 30


function, the base vessels, blood supply, elements of topography)

19


6 Neurology

and esthesiology



4

21


outflow tract)

22








24








25




area).

27

Instruction on carrying of Pedagogical measurements

The expert conducting the test must have the following set of materials:

1. Instructions and the form of the report on the test.

2. Test tickets in an amount equal list of representatives the group (plus 1-2

tickets).

3. Forms for answers in accordance with the number of test (plus 3-4 blank)

4. Reference material (if required under the terms of testind).

5. Sheets for drafts.

1. The initial stage

In early testing, the examiner should:

1. Explain the purpose of testing, indicate the number of topics and time the

execution of the test.

2. Remind students that the use of any reference material is not permitted.

3. Distribute forms for answers, reference materials and sheets for drafts.

4. Explain the rules for filling in the answers on the board and show an example

of such a filling. Recall that the main requirement for filling in the form - clarity

of information, so do write better in block letters.

5. Check for proper filling in the answers to each student.

6. Remind students the rules for recording the responses on the form (record

number, shading, or other means).

7. Specify the inadmissibility of supporting hatch squares scanner (for scanner

input forms).

2. The main stage at this stage, the examiner needs to:

1. To issue the tickets with the tasks , observing the principle differences

between versions of the nearest neighbors.

2. Secure the start time of the test and specify the time of its completion (the

time stamp on the chalkboard).

3. Check affixing students in the answer sheet numbers prepared variant test-

ticket.

4. To ensure the independent work of students.

During the test there may be situations not covered by the test procedure.

These deviations must be reported. Here are some of possible situations:

Incorrect question. Questions for tested

If any of the students have any clarifying questions or remarks on

assignments the test, you should write down the name of the student and briefly

describe the issues (notes) by specifying variants and tasks. (Remember that the

answers to the questions should not serve as clues to solve!).

Invalid record answers.

Sometimes a student answers incorrectly noted in form to answer or make

a mark in the test- ticket. In this case, ask the student to fill in a new form of

answers or amend the old one. Any corrections to the answer sheet must be

certified by the signature of the expert and, if necessary, a brief explanation.

3. Completion of the testing

At the end of the test time should collect all the materials to carry out

sorting and complete report on the conduct of the test.

When collecting of materials expert must once again check compliance variants

number in the form of answers and test ticket.

To collect the materials do not attract students!

The sorting of materials refers to the separation into individual packs of test-

tickets, answer sheets, reference materials and drafts.

Variants test - tickets

Test - ticket for the specialty "Anatomy"


30 questions for 30 minutes

Variant № 1

Note: Test has 3-4 possible answers , of which only the right one . № that you

chosen answer, the digit put in front of polling checklist test number .

1. Formation of the cervical lordosis in the child due:

a) with the ability to keep the head

b) with a seat

c) the ability to stand

d) walking

2. Anterior fontanelle of skull closes on:

a) the first year of life

b) the second year of life

c) the third year of life

d) the fourth year of life

3.Plechevaya bone on bone classification is:

a) of long bones

b) cancellous bone

c) flat bones

4.Mezhpozvonochny drive consists of:

a) the fibrous ring

b) the nucleus pulposus

c) all of the above

5. The surface of scapula glenoid cavity of the shoulder joint is supplemented

by:

a) articular lip

b) Meniscus

c) disc

6. Form of the hip:

a) Ginglymoid

b) Ball and soccet

c) flat

d) Saddle

7. Superficial muscles of the back are:

a) trapezoid

b) greater and lesser rhomboid

c) the superior and inferior posterior serratus muscle and levator scapulae

muscle

d) all of the above

8. The triangle of the neck, in which lies the submandibular salivary gland,

called:

a) carotid

b) omo-trapezoid

c) submandibular

d) omo-tracheal

9. extensor forearm at the elbow:

a) biceps

b) triceps

c) brachioradialis muscle

d) brachialis muscle

10. Content vascular lacunae are:

a) femoral nerve

b) the iliopsoas muscle, piriformis

c) femoral vein, femoral artery, lymph node

11. The term of the eruption of the first permanent teeth:

a) 2-3 years

b) 4-5 years

c) 6-7 years

d) 9-10 years

12. Morpho functional units of the lung is called:

a) lobe

b) segment

c) lobules

d) acinus

13. The filtering process for the formation of primary urine occurs in:

a) renal corpuscles

b) convoluted tubules

c) the loop of Henle

d) collecting ducts

14. Complete the statement.

The round ligament of the uterus passing through___________ canal.

15. List the biological fluid in which the secretion of hormones of the endocrine

organs.

a) blood, lymph, interstitial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid

b) blood

c) lymph, cerebrospinal fluid

d) liquor

16. The number of holes in the right atrium:

a) 4

b) 3

c) 2

d) 1


Small circulation begins pulmonary trunk from ___________________.

18. From the aortic arch depart:

a) brachiocephalic trunk

b) left common carotid artery

c) left subclavian artery

d) all of the above


The composition of the neurovascular bundle of the neck are: the vagus nerve,

common carotid artery, external and internal carotid arteries,

____________________________ vena.

20. Specify the structures that perform the functions of absorption from the

tissues of colloidal solutions of proteins, carried out with the drainage of the

tissues and veins are removed from the tissue foreign particles.

a) lymph Nodes

b) lymphatic vessels

c) lymphatic capillaries

d) thoracic duct

21. Nerve impulses are transmitted to the brain by:

a) afferent pathways (centripetal)

b) efferent pathways (centrifugal)

c) through the white spike

d) through their own bundles of the spinal cord


The central part of the auditory analyzer is located in ____________ lobe of the

cerebral cortex.

23. The liquor is in:

a) cerebral ventricles

b) the central canal of the spinal cord

c) subarachnoid space

d) all of the above

24. Cranial nerves, forming a crossing in the groove

chiasm is called:

a) I pair of olfactory

b) II pair of optic

c) V pair trigeminal

d) IX pair glossopharyngeal

25. The nerve innervating the muscles of the posterior group of hip:

a) femoral nerve

b) sciatic nerve

c) obturator nerve

d) superior gluteal nerve

26. The main parasympathetic nerves are:

a) accessory nerve

b) vagus nerve

c) vestibulocochlear nerve

d) hypoglossal nerve


To the eye refractive media include: the vitreous body, cornea,

________________.

28. Female genital organs are:

a) the ovaries and appendages

b) the uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina,

c) the clitoris, large and small labia, vestibule cancer

d) all of the above

29. Section anatomy, studying the entrails, is called:

a) Neurology

b) Myology

c) Splanhnology

d) Angiology

30. The dorsal artery of the penis is a continuation:

a) common iliac

b) the internal iliac

c) the external iliac

d) internal genital





Variant № 2



1 . Formation of thoracic kyphosis in the child due:


b) with a seat


d) walking

2.Soshnik included in the composition:

a) the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

b) the top wall of the nasal cavity

c) the lower nasal meatus

d) the medial wall of the nasal cavity (nasal septum)

3. anatomical structures located on the lower (distal) end of the tibia, called:

a) the tibial tubercle

b) the medial malleolus

c) lateral malleolus

d) the medial condyle

4. The median atlanto axial joint in the form:

a) ginglymoid

b) cylindrical

c) saddle

d) flat


The elbow joint shape: __________________________.

6. The bones that form the knee joint:

a) femoral

b) the patella

c) tibial

d) all of the above

7. Name the muscles of the chest.

a) major pectoral muscle

b) minor pectoral muscle

c) internal and external intercostal muscles

d) all of the above

8. Enter the number on the neck fascias V.I.Shevkunenko

a) 2

b) 3

c) 4

d) 5

9. Flex the forearm at the elbow joint:

a) biceps

b) deltoid

c) the triceps

d) anconeus


The muscle that has the most powerful tendon, called ___________________

surae.

11. Small curvature of the stomach is directed:

a) upward and rightward

b) the right

c) down and to the left

d) upward and to the left

12. Arch cricoid faces:

a) anteriorly

b) backwards

c) up

d) down

13. In the field of renal sinus located part of the urinary system "excretory tree": a) minor calyx b) major calyx

c) the renal pelvis

d) all of the above

14. Tubules in which there spermatogenesis called:

a) * convoluted seminiferous tubules

b) straight seminiferous tubules

c) the rete testis

d) efferent ducts of the testis

15. List the anatomical parts of the thymus:

a) body.

b) top two horns.

c) two lower horn.

d) all of the above

16. Sistemic circulation ends at:

a) the right atrium

b) the right ventricle

c) the left atrium

d) the left ventricle

17. Specify the vessel carrying the venous blood from the right ventricle

a) pulmonary trunk

b) the right coronary artery

c) aorta

d) left coronary artery

18. The starting point of the coronary arteries are:

a) aortic arch

b) bulb of the aorta

c) pulmonary trunk

d) left ventricle

19. The great saphenous vein on lower limb falls into:

a)femoral vein

b) a deep vein of thigh

c) the popliteal vein

d) the posterior tibial vein

20. Specify in what space of the abdominal cavity is the thoracic duct.

a) abdominal

b) a retroperitoneal

c) the pelvic cavity

d) In the pericardial cavity


The number of segments in the cervical spinal cord ______________.


The central nervous system is represented by the department brain and the

______

23. Cavity brain from which the liquid is circulating cerebrospinal in

subarachnoid space is:

a) IV ventricle

b) III ventricle

c) lateral ventricle

d) cerebral aqueduct

24. The nerve innervating the muscles of the tongue:

a) the facial nerve

b) vestibulocochlear nerve

c) the hypoglossal nerve

d) abducens

25. The muscles of the posterior group of hip innervate:

a) the sciatic nerve

b) the femoral nerve

c) the obturator nerve

d) posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

26. List the departments of the sympathetic trunk autonomic nervous system

a) cervical, thoracic; lumbar, sacral

b) the brain and sacral

c) cervical, thoracic

27. Central Division of the visual analyzer located in:

a) the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

b) the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex

c) the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex

d) the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex

28. Location body closer to the poserior surface of the body is called:

a) medial

b) lateral

c) dorsal

d) superficial


The appendix is the outgrowth _________intestine.

30. The top position at the gate of the left lung takes

a) the pulmonary artery

b) the main bronchus

c) pulmonary veins

d) nerves





Variant № 3

Note:Test has 3-4 possible answers , of which only the right one . № that you


1. False ribs:

a) I and VII pair

b) VIII-X pair

c) XI - XII pair

d) I-II pair

2.Number fontanelles in the skull of the newborn:

a) 3

b) 4

c) 5

d) 6

3. Specify which arm bone styloid process are:

a) the humerus

b) the radius and ulna

c) triquetrum

d) lunate bone

4. The bony part of the nasal septum form:

a) nasal bone

b) lacrimal bone

c) lower turbinate

d) vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

5. The shoulder joint is formed by:

a) the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula

b) throchlea of the humerus and throchlear notch of the ulna

c) head of the condyle of the humerus and the radial head

d) acromial end of the clavicle and acromion articular surface of the scapula

6. Form of the knee:

a) ball and soccet

b) condylar

c) ellipsoid

d) pivot

7. Intercostal muscle origin are:

a) autochthonous (own)

b) trunkopetal

c) trunkofugal

8. Masticatory muscles are:

a) masseter

b) temporal muscle

c) the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles

d) all of the above

9. Specify the function of muscles of the anterior surface of the forearm.

a) flexors

b) pronator

c) all of the above

10. The muscles of the front of the hip:

a) quadriceps and sartorius

b) biceps

c) semitendinosus

d) adductor longus muscle

11. The ratio of the stomach to the peritoneum:

a) extraperitonialy

b) mesoperitonealy

c) introperitonealy

d) retroperitoneal

12. List the unpaired cartilage of the larynx

a) arytenoid cartilage

b) carniculate cartilage

c) cuneiforme cartilage

d) the thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis

13. List the urinary organs:

a) ureters

b) renal pelvis

c) urethra

d) all of the above

14. List of the fallopian tube:

a) uterine, isthmus, ampulla, funnel;

b) ovarian, uterine,

c) medial; lateral;

15. List the main function of the thyroid gland:

a) regulation of energy metabolism.

b) stimulation of the differentiation and activity of the cells of organs and

tissues.

c) reduction of calcium concentration in blood, stimulation of bone

mineralization (osteoblasts activation).

d) all of the above

16. Enter the vessel carrying the venous blood from the right ventricle

a) pulmonary trunk

b) right coronary artery

c) aorta

d) left coronary artery

17. List the vessels of the pulmonary circulation:

a) pulmonary trunk

b) the right and left pulmonary arteries

c) the right and left pulmonary veins

d) all of the above

18. Artery involved in the blood supply to the lower limbs, is called:

a) femoral artery

b) brachial artery

c) subclavian artery

d) internal iliac artery

19. When two brachiocephalic veins formed:

a) inferior vena cava

b) superior vena cava

c) portal vein


The lymphatic system performs the functions of: barrier, protection,

development _________________.


The number of segments in the thoracic spinal cord _________.

22. The parts of the brain include:

a) brain stem and cerebral hemispheres

b) telencephalon and medulla

c) medulla oblongata, pons, the cerebral hemispheres

d) telencephalon, cerebellum, medulla

23. The liquor to diagnostic are taking on level:

a) I and II of the lumbar vertebrae

b) II and III of the lumbar vertebrae

a) III and IV of the lumbar vertebrae

d) IV and V of the lumbar vertebrae

24. Specify the cranial nerves that are sensitive to the function:

a) II, II, VIII

b) III, IV, VI

a) V, VI, IX, X

d) XI, XII

25. Posterior group muscle of the shoulder innervated nerve:

a) the median nerve

b) the ulnar nerve

c) the radial nerve

d) musculocutaneous nerve

26. In the cervical sympathetic trunk of an adult release:

a) 3 nodels

b) 4 nodels

c) 5 nodels

d) 7 nodels

27. Gyrus of the brain, wich related to motor analyzer:

a) tprecentral

b) postcentral

c) upper frontal gyrus

d) superior temporal gyrus


Morfo functional unit of the kidney is called ____________.


Muscle fibers are arranged longitudinally in the stomach, oblique and

________________.

30. The function of nutrition, respiration and excretion in the fetal period

performs:

a) liver

b) light

c) kidney

d) placenta





Variant № 4



1 . Fluctuating ribs:

a) I and VII pair

b) I and VIII pair

c VIII - X pair

d) XI - XII pair

2. The outlet channel of the facial nerve is:

a) sulcus of the greater petrosal nerve

b) infraarcuate fossa

c) internal auditory meatus

d) stylomastoid foramen

3. To the bones of the free lower limb is:

a) the sacrum

b) the coccyx

c) the femur

d) the humerus

4. The angle of the sternum is in place:

a) a compound of the manubrium with tthe body

b) connection of the body with the xiphoid process

c) the middle of the body

d) jugular notch

5. The shoulder joint in the form refers to

a) boll and soccet joints

b) cylindrical joints

c) hinge joint


The hip joint on the number of axes of motion is ___________ joint.

7. Specify the muscles involved in the formation of the front and side walls of

the abdominal cavity:

a) external oblique muscle of the abdomen

b) abdominal internal oblique muscle

c) transversus abdominis

d) all of the above

8. The muscles, which cause reduction of the complex expressive movements,

reflecting the state of mind of human emotions, called

a) muscles of the face (facial)

b) chewing muscles

9. On the dorsal surface of the forearm muscles are located on the function

a) extensor and supinator

b) flexors

c) pronator

10. The muscles of the medial femoral group function

a) adduction

b) abduction

c) flexors


At the porte of the hepatis include _______________ vein, hepatic artery,

nerves.

12. Segmental bronchus vents:

a) lobe

b) segment of the lung

c) lungs subsegment

d) lobules of the lung

13. The composition of the renal pedicle includes:

a) renal artery

b) renal vein

c) lymph vessels and nerves

d) all of the above

14. Specify which anatomical structures are located in front of the uterus in

women:

a) urinary bladder

b) rectum

c) vagina

d) ovary

15. Group of glands, which includes parathyroid glands of their embryogenesis

called:

a) branchigenic group.

b) neurogenic group

c) glands, mesoderm derivatives

d) glands, derived mesenchymal

16. The average weight of the hearts of men:

a) 200 g of

b) 250 g of

c) 300 g of

d) 400 g of

17. The main differences veins from arteries:

a) superficial location

b) the presence of valves, wall less elastic

c) carry blood to the heart

d) all of the above


From the left ventricle out _____________.

19. Anastomoses between systems of the inferior and superior cava veins called:

a) cava-caval

b) porto-caval

20. Enter the place of confluence of thoracic duct:

a) left venous angle

b) right venous angle

c) right subclavian vein

21. The gray matter in the spinal cord is:

a) outside

a) inside

b) side

c) dorsally


The cerebellum is part of the ______________.


The space between the solid and the arachnoid spinal cord

called _______________________________.

24. Enter the name of the XI pair cranial nerves

a) glossopharyngeal nerve

b) accessory nerve

c) facial nerve

d) trigeminal nerve

25. The nerve innervating the quadriceps femoris, is called:

a) sciatic nerve

b) obturator nerve

c) femoral nerve

d) pudendal nerve

26. List the features of the structure of the autonomic

nervous system:

a) autonomic nuclei in the central nervous system are

located in separate clusters

b) presence bodies the effector neurons in composed the

peripheral nervous system in the form ganglions of

vegetative plexus

c) double efferents nervous way from the nucleus to the

organ

d) all of the above

27. Enter the name of the first neurons of the visual

analyzer:

a) rods and cones

b) optic nerve

c) bipolar cells in the retina

28. Sheaths of kidney:

a) muscle

b) albuginea

c) fibrous capsule and fat, renal fascia

29. Anatomical structures, located behind the trachea, is

called:

a) pharynx

b) esophagus

c) thymus

d) aortic arch

30. The artery, located in the "anatomical snuffbox", is

called:

a) artery

b) radial artery

c) brachial artery

d) axillary artery





Variant № 5



1. Name parts of the rib:

a) a body

b) the head

c) the neck

d) all of the above

2. Specify the pneumatic sinuses:

a) the sphenoid sinus

b) the maxillary sinus

c) frontal sinus

d) all of the above

3. Name of the long bone:

a) diaphysis

b) metaphysis

c) the epiphysis and apophysis

d) all of the above

4. Part vertebra connected with the other intervertebral disk,

called:

a) a body

b) arch

c) the spinous process

d) the transverse processes

5. Possible movement in the shoulder joint:

a) flexion and extension

b) reduction and diversion

c) rotation

d) all of the above


Ellipsoidal joints on the number of axes of movement are:

__________________________.

7. Specify the inferior wall of the inguinal canal

a) inguinal ligament

b) transverse fascia

c) lower edge of the internal oblique and transverse abdominal muscles

8. The chewing muscles are innervated by branches

a) of the trigeminal nerve

b) facial nerve

c) vagal

d) of the glossopharyngeal nerve

9. Specify what limited cubital fossa

a) the pronator teres muscle

b) brachioradialis muscle

c) shoulder muscle

d) all of the above

10. The walls of the femoral triangle is formed:

a) inguinal ligament

b) sartorius

c) adductor longus muscle

d) all of the above

11. Part of the tongue:

a) base

b) neck

c) body

d) bottom

12. Specify which covers the entrance to the cartilage of the larynx:

a) thyroid cartilage

b) arytenoid cartilage

c) cricoid

d) epiglottis

13. Specify which area located kidney:

a) lumbar region

b) in the left and right hypochondrium areas

c) umbilical region

d) pelvic

14. The surface of the testis:

a) lateral and medial

b) front

c) back

d) lower

15. Pancreas refers to glands

a) mixed secretion

b) endocrine

c) exocrine

16. The average weight of heart disease in women:

a) 200 g

b) 150 g

c) 250 g

d) 300 g

17. Thoracic aorta located in:

a) the upper mediastinum

b) the posterior mediastinum

c) the medial of the mediastinum

d) the anterior mediastinum

18. Specify, at the level of the lumbar vertebrae is the bifurcation of the aorta:

a) the second lumbar vertebra

b) the third lumbar vertebra

c) the fourth lumbar vertebra

d) the fifth lumbar vertebra

19. Specify the system, of which veins blood flows from the head and neck

a) uperior vena cava

b) inferior vena cava

c) portal vein

20. Lymph nodes located within the femoral triangle are called:

a) inguinal lymph nodes

b) axillary lymph nodes

c) celiac lymph nodes

d) external iliac lymph nodes

21. Specify the number of pairs of spinal nerves

a) 12

b) 8

c) 31

22. Gyrus of the brain related to the skin analyzer, called:

a) postcentral gyrus

b) ascending frontal convolution

c) medial frontal gyrus

d) medial temporal gyrus

23. The lining of the brain:

a) dura matter

b) pia matter

c) arachnoid matter

d) all of the above

24. The longest cranial nerve:

a) vagus nerve

b) glossopharyngeal nerve

c) hypoglossal nerve

d) accessory nerve


Biceps femoris nerve innervate _____________________

26. Name the parasympathetic centers

a) mesensephalic center

b) bulbar center

c) sacral center

d) all of the above

27. Shell of the eyeball:

a) fibrous sheath

b) choroid

c) retina

d) all of the above


Lining of the uterus: endometrium, __________________, perimeter.


Spleen located towards ______________________ peritoneum.


____________ artery supplying the tongue.

Keys correct answers

№ 1 2 3 4 5

1 a) b) b) d) d)

2 b) d) d) d) d)

3 b) b) b) c) d)

4 c) b) d) a) a)

5 a) d) a) a) d)

6 b) d) b) Multi axial

(joints) biaxial (joints)

7 d) d) a) d) a)

8 c) d) d) a) a)

9 b) a) c) a) d)

10 c) Triceps surie a) a) d)

11 c) a) c) Portal (vein) c)

12 d) a) d) b) d)

13 a) d) d) d) a)

14 Inguinal (canal) a) a) a) a)

15 a) d) d) a) a)

16 d) a) a) c) c)

17 The right

ventricle

a) d) d) b)

18 d) b) a) Aorta c)

19 The internal

jugular vein

a) a) a) a)

20 c) b) Lymphatic

vessels

a) a)

21 a) 8 12 b) c)

22 Temporal (lobe) Spinal cord a) Metencephalon a)

23 d) a) c) Subdural (space) d)

24 b) c) a) b) a)

25 b) a) c) c) The sciatic

nerve

26 b) a) a) d) d)

27 The lens d) a) a) d)

28 d) c) Nephron d) Myometrium

29 c) Cecum Circularly b) Intraperitoneally

30 d) a) d) b) The lingual

artery

Check Sheet survey

1. Test

2.

3. Variant №

4.

5. University

6.

7. Date / /

8.

9.

10. Course

Group

Speciality (direction of preparation)

Specialty code

Your name (or number of record-book)

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12.

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17.

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22.

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30.

Matrix test results on human anatomy

Discipline _________________________________

A variant _____________________________________

The number of test (K) ____________________________

The number of subjects _________________________________

№ Full

name

student

Tasks in the test (n) -

Individual

test score

1 2 3 4 5 б 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

1.

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Test results APTM

1. Information on a contingent of students, which conducted testing:

The university: Northern State Medical University

Speciality: 31.05.01 «General medicine»

Number of students (by specialty): \

Date (s) of:

2. Conditions for testing:

The interval of time after the end of the discipline (in months) -

Features of testing:

3. The results of testing are presented in the form of a matrix of primary points

assignments test ticket for each option

Bank tasks APTM for the specialty "Anatomy" (Speciality: 31.05.01 «General medicine»)

1. Osteology:

The skeleton of the trunk:

1. Formation of the cervical lordosis in the child due:

a) * with the ability to keep the head

b) with a seat


d) walking

2. Promontorium is located at the connection level:

a) IV and V of the lumbar vertebrae

b) * V lumbar vertebra with the sacrum

c) I-II sacral vertebrae

d) P-III sacral vertebrae

3. Sulcus of subclavian artery on the first rib is located:

a) * behind the tubercle anterior scalene muscle

b) in front of tubercle anterior scalene muscle

c) behind of the rib tubercle

d) front of the rib tubercle

4. True ribs - is:

a) a pair of I-III

b) * I-VII pairs

c) VIII-X pairs

d) XI-XII pairs

5. Formation of thoracic kyphosis in the child due:


b) * with seat


d) walking

6. Fols ribs:

a) I and VII pair

b) * VIII-X couple

c) XI - XII couple

d) I pair

7. Part vertebra, connected with the other intervertebral disk, called:

a) * body

b) arc



8. The median atlantoosevoy joint shape:

a) ginglymoid

b) * cylindrical

c) saddle

d) flat

9. Select how the cervical spine is a sleepy hump:

a) 4

b) 5

c) *6

d) 7

10. The angle of the sternum is in place:

a) * compound manubrium with body

b) connection of the body with the xiphoid process

c) middle of the body

d) jugular notch

11. Fluctuating ribs:

a) I and VII pair

b) I and VIII couple

in) VIII - X couple

d) * XI - XII couple


The bones are located in areas, which account for a large load or required a large

amount of motion, according to the classification of bones are ____________.

(spongy)


Bone outside covered ________________. (periosteum)

14. The ribs on the classification of the bones are _____________. (flat)

15. Name the parts of a long bone:

a) diaphysis

b) metaphysis

c) epiphysis and apophysis

d) all of the above *

16. Name of the rib:

a) a body

b) the head

c) the neck


17. Complete the statement. The dens has at _____________ cervical vertebra.

(Second)

18. Bulge spine facing forward, are called:

a) * lordosis

b) kyphosis

c) scoliosis

19. Select from a cervical vertebra no body:

a) * First

b) second

c) sixth

d) seventh

20. Part of the vertebra involved in the formation of the intervertebral joints,

called:

a) * articular process

b) arch



1.2.Skelet of the head - the skull:

1. Anterior fontanelle of the skull closes on:

a) the first year

b) * the second year

c) the third year

d) fourth year

2. The cavity of the orbit communicates with the nasal cavity through:

a) the superior orbital fissure

b) the lower orbital fissure

c) the lacrimal fossa

d) * nasolacrimal canal

3. Vomer is a member of:

a) the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

b) the top wall of the nasal cavity

c) the lower nasal meatus

d) * of the medial wall of the nasal cavity (septum nose)

4. At the bottom of the internal auditory meatus begins canal (tubule)

a) carotid canal

b) * the facial canal

c) musculo-tubarial canal

d) thimpanic canal

5. Pneumatic (air) bone of the skull:

a) zygomatic bone

b) palatine bone

c) * upper jaw

d) lower jaw

6. Number of fontanelles in the skull of the newborn:

a) 3

b) 4

c) 5

d) 6 *

7. The bony part of the middle nasal septum form:

a) nasal bone

b) the lacrimal bone

c) lower turbinate

d) * vomer and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone

8. Specify whether the bones belong to large and small wings:

a) frontal bone

b) ethmoid

c) * sphenoid

d) of the occipital bone

9. The outlet canal of the facial nerve is:

a) sulcus of the great petrosal nerve

b) infraarcuate fossa

c) internal auditory meatus

d) * stylomastoid foramen

10. Specify the pneumatic sinuses:

a) sphenoid sinus

b) maxillary sinus

c) frontal sinus



The canal, which passes the facial nerve - (VII para), innervating the muscles of

the face (facial), called ___________________. (Canal of the facial nerva)


Mobile skull bone _______________________. (lower jaw)


Greater and lesser wings belong _______________ skull. (sphenoid)

14. pneumatic (air) bone of the skull:

a) the zygomatic bone

b) palatine bone

c) * upper jaw

d) the lower jaw

15. The bones of the cranial vault are:

a) pneumatic bones

b) irregular bone

c) secondary bones

d) * primary bones

16. Bone, which is the foramen magnum, is called:

a) sphenoid bone

b) frontal bone

c) * occipital bone

1.3.Skelet of limbs:

1. Anatomical structures located on the lower (distal) end of the tibia:

a) the tibial tubercle

b) * the medial malleolus

c) lateral malleolus

d) the medial condyle

2. The free bones of the upper limb is:

a) clavicel

b) scapula

c) * humerus

d) cuboid

3. Specify which arm bone styloid process are:

a) the humerus

b) * the radius and ulna

c) triquetrum

d) lunate bones


Sulcus of ulnar nerve is on _________ bone (humerus)

5. To free the bones of the lower extremity is:

a) sacrum

b) coccyx

c) * thigh

d) humerus


The bone girdle is the clavicle and ___________. (scapula)


By the free bones of the upper limb is ____________, ulnar, radial, hand bones.

(humerus)

2. Synosteology

2.1 The connection the bones of the trunk and skull:

1. The median atlantoxial joint shape:

a) ginglymoid

b) * pyvot

c) saddle

d) flat


Ellipsoidal joints on the number of axes of motion are _______________. (biaxial)

3. What are the main elements of a joint

a) joint capsule, articular surfaces

b) joint fluid

c) the joint cavity, articular cartilage

d) *all of the above

4 . Complete the statement.

The articular surfaces are covered with articular _____________. (Cartilage)

5. The intervertebral disc consists of:

a) the fibrous ring

b) the nucleus pulposus

c) * all of the above

2.2 Connection bones of the upper limb:

1. The possibility of movement in the shoulder joint:

a) flexion and extension

b) adduction and abduction

c) rotation



The shoulder joint in the form refers to the _______________ joints. (spherical)


The elbow joint shape _____________ (condylar)

2.3 Connection bones lower limb:

1. The bones that form the knee joint:

a) femur

b) patella

c) tibia


2. Form of the knee:

a) spherical

b) * condylar

c) elliptical

d) a cylindrical

3.Hip joint on the number of axes of movement is:

a) uniaxial

b) biaxial

c) * multiaxial

3. Complete the statement. The hip joint on the number of axes of movement is

___________ joint.

3. Myology:

3.1. The muscles and fascia of the body:

1. To the superficial muscles of the back are:

a) trapezius muscle andlatissimus

b) greater and lesser rhomboid muscle

c) superior and inferior posterior serratus muscle and levator scapulae muscle



In the center of the tendon of the diaphragm has a hole for _________________

vein (inferior vena cava)

3. Specify the inferior wall of the inguinal canal

a) * inguinal ligament

b) transverse fascia

c) lower edge of the internal oblique and transverse muscles

d) aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

4. Specify the muscles involved in the formation of the front and side walls of the

abdominal cavity:

a) external oblique muscle of the abdomen

b) abdominal internal oblique muscle

c) the transversus abdominis

d) * all of the above

3.2. The muscles and fascia of the head and neck:

1. The triangle of the neck, in which lies the submandibular salivary gland, called:

a) carotid

b) omo-trapezoidal

c) * submandibular

d) omo-tracheal

2. The chewing muscles are:

a) masseter

b) temporal muscle

c) the lateral and medial pterygoid muscles


3. The muscles, contraction of which cause sophisticated expressive movements,

reflecting the state of mind of human emotions, called

a) * muscles of the face (facial)

b) chewing muscles

3.3. Muscle and fascia of the upper limb:

1. Extensor forearm at the elbow:

a) Biceps

b) * triceps

c) brachioradialis muscle

d) shoulder muscle

2. Flex the forearm at the elbow:

a) * biceps

b) deltoid

c) the triceps

d) anconeus

3. Specify what limited chelidon

a) the pronator teres muscle

b) brachioradialis muscle

c) shoulder muscle


4. On the back surface of the forearm muscles are located on the function

a) the extensor and supinator

b) flexors

c) pronator

3.4. Muscle and fascia of the lower limb:

1. Content vascular lacunae are:

a) femoral nerve

b) iliopsoas muscle

c) piriformis

d) *femoral vein, femoral artery, lymph node

2. The walls of the femoral triangle formed

a) the inguinal ligament

b) sartorius

c) adductor longus muscle



The muscle that has the most powerful tendon, called ______________ surae.

(triceps)

4. Muscle of the medial femoral group function

a) adductors *

b) abductors

c) flexors

4. Splanhnology

1. Section anatomy, studying the entrails, is called:

a) Neurology

b) Myology

c) * splanhnology

d) Angiology

4.1. Digestive system

1. The period of eruption of the first permanent teeth:

a) 2-3 years

b) 4-5 years

c) * 6-7 years

d) 9-10 years

2. Parotid duct opens:

a) sublingual papilla

b) in the fold of the hyoid

c) on the soft palate

d) * in anticipation of the mouth, buccal mucosa

3. The length of the esophagus in adults

a) 15-17 cm

b) 18-20 cm

c) 20-22 cm

d) * 25-30 cm


The folds are located in the lesser curvature of the stomach,

called ____________. (longitudinal)

1. The gates of the liver include:

a) nerves

b) vena porte

c) hepatic artery


6. Small curvature of the stomach is directed:

a) * upwards and rightwards

b) right

c) down and to the left

d) upwards and to the left

7. Location body closer to the rear surface of the body:

a) medial

b) lateral

c) * dorsal

d) superficial

8. The initial part of the duodenum 12 - is:

a) horizontal part

b) descending part

c) the ascending part

d) * upper part

9. The ratio of the stomach to the peritoneum:

a) exstraperitonialy

b) mesoperitonealy

c) * intraperitonealy

d) retroperitoneal

10. Part of the language:

a) base

b) neck

c) * body

d) bottom

11. The small intestine:

a) * 12 duodenal ulcer

b) ascending colon

c) descending colon

d) rectum


The appendix is the outgrowth __________ intestine.

(coecum)


Muscle fibers are arranged longitudinally in the stomach,

oblique and ____________. (circular)


At the gates of the liver include _____________ vein, hepatic

artery, nerves. (portal)


Divisions of duodenum: superior, descendign, horizontal,

_________________.(ascendind)

4.2. Respiratory system

1. Morphofunctional unit lungs:

a) lobe

b) segment

c) lobules

d) * acinus

2. Arch of cricoid faces:

a) anterior *

b) backwards

c) up

d) down

3. anatomical structures located behind the trachea, is called:

a) Throat

b) * the esophagus

c) thymus

d) aortic arch

4. The top position at the gate of the left lung takes

a) * pulmonary artery

b) main bronchus

c) pulmonary veins

d) nerves

5. Segmental bronchus vents:

a) lobe

b) * segment of the lung

c) lung subsegment

d) lobules of the lung

6. Specify which covers the entrance to the cartilage of the larynx:

a) thyroid cartilage

b) arytenoid cartilage

c) cricoid

d) * epiglottis

7. The left lung has a share in the amount of:

a) 1

b) * 2

c) 3

d) 4

8. Its basis are adjacent to the lung:

a) heart

b) * the diaphragm

c) stomach

d) pancreas

9. List unpaired cartilage of the larynx

a) arytenoid

b) carniculate

c) cuneiform

d) * thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis

10. The first order is called bronchus

a) lobar bronchi

b) segmental bronchus

c) subsegmental bronchus

d) * main bronchus


The level of the tracheal bifurcation location ____________ thoracic vertebrae. (V)


The top position in the gate of the right lung takes ___________ bronchus. (main)

13. Complete the statement. The right lung has the following proportion: the

superior _______________, inferior. (medius)

4.3. Urinary system:

1. The filtering process for the formation of primary urine occurs in:

a) * renal corpuscles

b) convoluted tubules

c) the loop of Henle

d) collecting ducts

2. In the renal sinus located parts of the urinary system "excretory tree":

a) minor calyx

b) major calyx

c) renal pelvis

d) of the above *


Morfo functcional unit of the kidney is called the __________. (nephron)

4. The renal pedicle includes:

a) renal artery

b) renal vein

c) the lymph vessels and nerves


5. Skins kidney:

a) muscle

b) albuginea

c) * fibrous capsule and fat, renal fascia


The kidneys are located in the ______________________ space. (retroperitoneal).

4.4. Reproductive system


The round ligament of the uterus takes place in _________________ canal.

(inguinal)

2. Canaliculi, in which there spermatogenesis called:

a) * convoluted seminiferous tubules

b) straight seminiferous tubules

c) rete testis

d) efferent ducts of the testis

3. For the female genital organs include:

a) ovaries and appendages

b) uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina,

c) clitoris, large and small labia, vestibule cancer


4. The surface of the testis:

a) lateral and medial *

b) front

c) back

d) lower

5. Specify which area located kidney:

a) * in the lumbar region

b) in the left and right hypochondrium areas

c) the umbilical region

d) pelvic

6. Specify which anatomical structures are located in front of the uterus in women:

a) * urinary bladder

b) rectum

c) vagina

d) ovary


Lining of the uterus: endometrium __________________ perimeter.

(myometrium)

4.5. Endocrine and immune systems

1. Field of the abdomen, which is the spleen, is called:

a) epigastrium

b) umbilical region

c) * left subcostal region

d the right subcostal region


Spleen located with respect to the peritoneum _________________.

(Intraperitoneally).

3. List the biological fluid in which the secretion of hormones of the endocrine

organs.

a) * of blood, lymph, interstitial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid

b) blood

c) lymph, cerebrospinal fluid

d) liquor

4. Bone formation, in which is localized the pituitary gland, called:

a) * hypophisial fossa of sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

b) anterior cranial fossa

c) all of the above is true

d) all of the above is not true

5. List the anatomical parts of the pancreas:

a) head.

b) body.

c) tail.

d) * All of the above

5. Angiology

5.1. Heart:

1. The number of holes in the right atrium:

a) * 4

b) 3

c) 2

d) 1

2. Sistemic circulation ends at:

a) * the right atrium

b) the right ventricle

c) the left atrium

d) the left ventricle

3. Chambers of the heart with the greatest wall thickness:

a) * left ventricle

b) right ventricle

c) left atrium

d) right atrium

4. The starting point of the coronary arteries are:

a) aortic arch

b) * the bulb of the aorta

c) pulmonary trunk

d) left ventricle


a) 200 g of

b) 150 g of

c) 250 g *

d) 300 g of

6. The average weight of the hearts of men:

a) 200 g of

b) 250 g of

c) 300 g *

d) 400 g of

7. The layers of the walls of the heart:

a) epicardium

b) endocardium

c) myocardium


8. The main differences veins from arteries:

a) superficial location

b) presence of valves, wall less elastic

c) carry blood to the heart



From the left ventricle out _______________. (aorta)

10.The upper border of the heart in adult goes through,

cartilage connecting the ribs.

a) second ribs

b) * third ribs

c) fourth ribs

d) fifth ribs

5.2. The vessels of the pulmonary circulation:


Small circulation begins pulmonary trunk of ___________________. (Right

ventriculus)

5.3. The arteries of the systemic circulation:

1. From the aortic arch depart:

a) the brachiocephalic trunk

b) The left common carotid artery

c) the left subclavian artery



The composition of the neurovascular bundle of the neck are: the vagus nerve,

common carotid artery, external and internal carotid arteries,

______________________ vein. (internal jugular)

3. The dorsal artery of the penis is a continuation:

a) common iliac

b) the internal iliac

c) the external iliac

d) * internal pudendal

4. Specify in what is mediastinum thoracic aorta:

a) at the superior

b) medial

c) anterior

d) * posterior

5. The function of nutrition, respiration and excretion in the fetal period performs:

a) liver

b) light

c) kidney

d) * placenta


_____________ Artery supplying the tongue. (Lingual)


a) 200 g

b) 150 g

c) 250 g *

d) 300g

9. The upper limit of the heart in an adult goes through,

cartilage connecting the ribs.

a) second ribs

b) * Third ribs

c) Fourth ribs

d) Fifth ribs

10. Specify, at the level of the lumbar vertebrae is the bifurcation of aorta:

a) second

b) third

c) * fourth

d) fifth

11. The artery, located in the "anatomical snuffbox", is called:

a) ulnar

b) * radial

c) brachial

d) axillary

5.4. Veins of systemic circulation:

1. The great saphenous vein on lower limb falls into:

a) * femoral vein

b) deep vein thigh

c) popliteal

d) posterior tibial

2. Specify in which veins blood flows away from the head and neck

a) * superior vena cava

b)

c) portal vein

3. Anastomoses between systems veins lower and upper hollow called:

a) * cava-caval

a) porto-caval

4. When two brachiocephalic veins formed:

a) inferior vena cava

b) * superior vena cava

c) portal vein

5.5. Limphatic system


Thoracic duct is located in relation to the peritoneum _____________________.

(extraperitoneal, retroperitoneal)


The initial link in the lymphatic system called

____________________________________. (lymphatic capillaries)

3. Enter the place of confluence of thoracic duct:

a) * left venous angle

b) right lymphatic duct

c) right subclavian artery

4. Specify the structures that perform the functions of absorption from the tissues

of colloidal solutions of proteins, carried out with the drainage of the tissues and

veins are removed from the tissue foreign bodies.

a) lymph Nodes

b) lymphatic vessels

c) * ymphatic capillaries

d) thoracic duct

6. Neurology and esthesiology

6.1. Spinal cord


The number of cervical segments in the spinal cord _____________. (8)


The central nervous system is represented by the department brain and the

______________. (spinal cord)


The space between the dura and the arachnoid matter of the spinal cord is called

_________________. (Subdural)


The number of thoracic segments in the spinal cord _________. (12)


Location bodies of the association neurons in the spinal cord ____________ horns

and gray area . (posterior)

6. The gray matter of the spinal cord is:

a) outside

b) * inside

c) side

d) dorsally

7. The liquor to take the diagnostic on level:

a) I and II of the lumbar vertebrae

b) * II and III lumbar vertebrae

a) III and IV of the lumbar vertebrae

d) IV and V of the lumbar vertebrae

8. The spinal cord is located in:

a) * the spinal canal

b) the cranial cavity

c) foramen of the transverse process

6.2. Brain:

1. Liquor is located in:

a) cerebral ventricles

b) the central canal of the spinal cord

c) subarachnoid space


2. Nerve impulses are transmitted to the brain by:

a) * afferent pathways (centripetal)

b) efferent pathways (centrifugal)

c) through the white spike

d) through their own bundles of the spinal cord

3. Cavity of the brain from which flows off the cerebrospinal fluid

into the subarachnoid space, is:

a) * IV ventricle

b) III ventricle

c) lateral ventricle

d) cerebral aqueduct

4. Gyrus of the brain related to motor analyzer, called:

a) * ascending frontal convolution

b) postcentral gyrus

c) superior frontal gyrus

d) superior temporal gyrus

5. Parts of the brain include:

a) * trunk and cerebral hemispheres

b) telencephalon and medulla

c) medulla oblongata, the pons, the cerebral hemispheres

d) telencephalon, the cerebellum, medulla oblongata

6. Gyrus of the brain related to the skin analyzer, called:

a) * postcentral gyrus

b) the ascending frontal convolution

c) the average frontal gyrus

d) the average temporal gyrus


The cerebellum is the brain to ___________. (metencephalon)


The cerebellum is located in ______________ fossa. (posterior)


Most ____________ refers to the brain. (metencephalon)


The hypothalamus is a brain ___________________. (diencephalon)

6.3. Meninges of the brain and spinal cord:

1. The meninges of the brain:

a) dura

b) pia

c) arachnoid


2. The meninges of the brain involved in the formation of the sinuses, called:

a) dura *

b) pia

c) arachnoid

6.4. Cranial nerves

1. Cranial nerves, resulting in the crossing grooves

chiasm is called:

a) I pair of olfactory nerve

b) * II pair of optic nerve

c) V pair of trigeminal nerve

d) IX pair of glossopharyngeal nerve

2. The nerve innervating the muscles of the tongue:

a) facial nerve

b) vestibulocochlear nerve

c) * hypoglossal nerve

d) abducense nerve

3. Specify the cranial nerves that are sensitive to the function:

a) * I, II, VIII

b) III, IV, VI

a) V, VI, IX, X

d) XI, XII

4. The longest cranial nerve:

a) * vagus

b) glossopharyngeal

c) hypoglossal

d) extension

5. The branches of the trigeminal nerve

a) ophtalmic

b) maxillary

c) mandibular



The muscles of the face (facial) nerve innervates ________________.

(facial)

7. Enter the name of a pair of cranial nerves XI

a) glossopharyngeal nerve

b) * accessory nerve

c) facial nerve

d) trigeminal nerve

6.5. Spinal nerves:

1. The muscles of the posterior group of thigt innervate:

a) femoral nerve

b) * the sciatic nerve

c) obturator nerve


2. The muscles of the posterior group of shoulder innervate:

a) median nerve

b) ulnar nerve

c) radial nerve *

d) musculocutaneous nerve

3. The nerve innervating the quadriceps femoris, is called:

a) sciatic nerve

b) obturator nerve

c) * femoral nerve

d) pudendal nerve

4. The muscles of the posterior group of thigt innervate:

a) femoral nerve

b) * the sciatic nerve

c) obturator nerve



Biceps femoris nerve innervate __________________. (Sciatic)

6. Lower extremity muscles are innervated by branches of the plexus:

a) * lumbosacral plexus

b) cervical plexus

c) brachial plexus

d) pelvic plexus

7. The muscles of the upper extremity innervated by branches of the plexus:

a) lumbosacral plexus

b) cervical plexus

c) * brachial plexus

d) pelvic plexus

8. Indicate the number of pairs of spinal nerves

a) 12

b) 8

c) 31 *

6.6. The autonomic nervous system

1. The main parasympathetic nerves are:

a) accessory nerve

b) *vagus nerve

c) vestibulocochlear nerve

d) hypoglossal nerve

2. In the cervical sympathetic trunk of an adult release:

a) * 3 nodels

b) 4 nodels

c) 5 nodels

d) 7 nodels

3. List the departments of the sympathetic trunk autonomic nervous system

a) * cervical, thoracic; lumbar, sacral

b) brain and sacral

c) cervical, thoracic

4. List the features of the structure of the autonomic nervous system:

a) autonomic nuclei in the central nervous system are located in separate clusters

b) the presence bodies of effector neurons in the composition of the peripheral

nervous system in the form ganglion of vegetative plexus

c) doubleneurons efferents passway from the nucleus to the organ


6.7. Esthesiology


The central part of the auditory analyzer is located in

_______________ lobe of the cerebral cortex (temporal)


To the eye refractive surroundings include: vitreous, cornea,

moisture front and rear cameras, ______________. (Lens)

3. The central dvision of the visual analyzer located in:

a) the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex

b) the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex

c) the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex

d) * occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex

4. Sheath of the eyeball:

a) fibrous sheath

b) choroid

c) retina


5. Enter the name of the first neurons of the visual analyzer:

a) * rods and cones

b) optic nerve

c) bipolar cells in the retina

RECORD OF REVISIONS IN CURRICULUM AND INSTRUCTIONAL

KIT OF THE COURSE

_____________________________________

FOR 20 / 20 ACADEMICYEAR

The following changes are made the curriculum and instructional kit:

1.

2.

3.

Curriculum and instructional kit was reviewed and approved at the

department meeting on «___» __________ 20_ year

Head of the department_______________________

syllabus of discipline (module) · 1. purpose and objectives of the course purpose - formation of...

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