syllabus on ipc

7/23/2019 Syllabus on IPC

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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW

I. CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS

ARTICLE XII, SECTION 6SECTION 6. The use of property bears a social function, an all econo!ic a"ents shall contribute to the co!!on"oo. Ini#iuals an pri#ate "roups, incluin" corporations, cooperati#es, an si!ilar collecti#e or"ani$ations, shallha#e the ri"ht to o%n, establish, an operate econo!ic enterprises, sub&ect to the uty of the State to pro!oteistributi#e &ustice an to inter#ene %hen the co!!on "oo so e!ans.

ARTICLE XII, SECTION '(

SECTION 14. The sustaine e#elop!ent of a reser#oir of national talents consistin" of )ilipino scientists,entrepreneurs, professionals, !ana"ers, hi"h*le#el technical !anpo%er an s+ille %or+ers an crafts!en in all fielsshall be pro!ote by the State. The State shall encoura"e appropriate technolo"y an re"ulate its transfer for thenational benefit.

ARTICLE XI, SECTIONs '-*'

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

SECTION 10. Science an technolo"y are essential for national e#elop!ent an pro"ress. The State shall "i#epriority to research an e#elop!ent, in#ention, inno#ation, an their utili$ation/ an to science an technolo"yeucation, trainin", an ser#ices. It shall support ini"enous, appropriate, an self*reliant scientific an technolo"icalcapabilities, an their application to the country0s proucti#e syste!s an national life.

SECTION 11. The Con"ress !ay pro#ie for incenti#es, incluin" ta1 euctions, to encoura"e pri#ate participation in

pro"ra!s of basic an applie scientific research. Scholarships, "rants*in*ai, or other for!s of incenti#es shall bepro#ie to eser#in" science stuents, researchers, scientists, in#entors, technolo"ists, an specially "ifte citi$ens.

SECTION 12. The State shall re"ulate the transfer an pro!ote the aaptation of technolo"y fro! all sources for thenational benefit. It shall encoura"e the %iest participation of pri#ate "roups, local "o#ern!ents, an co!!unity*base or"ani$ations in the "eneration an utili$ation of science an technolo"y.

SECTION 13. The State shall protect an secure the e1clusi#e ri"hts of scientists, in#entors, artists, an other "ifteciti$ens to their intellectual property an creations, particularly %hen beneficial to the people, for such perio as !aybe pro#ie by la%.

ARTS AND CULTURE

SECTION 14. The State shall foster the preser#ation, enrich!ent, an yna!ic e#olution of a )ilipino national culturebase on the principle of unity in i#ersity in a cli!ate of free artistic an intellectual e1pression.

SECTION 15. Arts an letters shall en&oy the patrona"e of the State. The State shall conser#e, pro!ote, anpopulari$e the nation0s historical an cultural herita"e an resources, as %ell as artistic creations.

SECTION 16. All the country0s artistic an historic %ealth constitutes the cultural treasure of the nation an shall beuner the protection of the State %hich !ay re"ulate its isposition.

SECTION 17. The State shall reco"ni$e, respect, an protect the ri"hts of ini"enous cultural co!!unities to preser#ean e#elop their cultures, traitions, an institutions. It shall consier these ri"hts in the for!ulation of national plansan policies.

SECTION 18. 2'3 The State shall ensure e4ual access to cultural opportunities throu"h the eucational syste!, publicor pri#ate cultural entities, scholarships, "rants an other incenti#es, an co!!unity cultural centers, an other public#enues.

253 The State shall encoura"e an support researches an stuies on the arts an culture.

Tanada v. Angara, 55 SCRA '

Ii. CIVIL CODEARTICLEs 75-*755, '5, 5'*5(

Trae*!ar+s an Trae*na!es

ARTICLE 520. A trae*!ar+ or trae*na!e uly re"istere in the proper "o#ern!ent bureau or office is o%ne byan pertains to the person, corporation, or fir! re"isterin" the sa!e, sub&ect to the pro#isions of special la%s. 2n3

ARTICLE 521. The "oo%ill of a business is property, an !ay be transferre to"ether %ith the ri"ht to use the na!euner %hich the business is conucte. 2n3

ARTICLE 522. Trae*!ar+s an trae*na!es are "o#erne by special la%s. 2n3

ARTICLE 712. O%nership is ac4uire by occupation an by intellectual creation.

O%nership an other real ri"hts o#er property are ac4uire an trans!itte by la%, by onation, by testate anintestate succession, an in conse4uence of certain contracts, by traition.

They !ay also be ac4uire by !eans of prescription. 26-8a3

Intellectual Creation

ARTICLE 721. 9y intellectual creation, the follo%in" persons ac4uire o%nership:

2'3 The author %ith re"ar to his literary, ra!atic, historical, le"al, philosophical, scientific or other %or+/

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253 The co!poser, as to his !usical co!position/

2;3 The painter, sculptor, or other artist, %ith respect to the prouct of his art/

2(3 The scientist or technolo"ist or any other person %ith re"ar to his isco#ery or in#ention. 2n3

ARTICLE 722. The author an the co!poser, !entione in Nos. ' an 5 of the precein" ARTICLE, shall ha#e theo%nership of their creations e#en before the publication of the sa!e. Once their %or+s are publishe, their ri"hts are"o#erne by the Copyri"ht la%s.

The painter, sculptor or other artist shall ha#e o!inion o#er the prouct of his art e#en before it is copyri"hte.

The scientist or technolo"ist has the o%nership of his isco#ery or in#ention e#en before it is patente. 2n3

ARTICLE 723. Letters an other pri#ate co!!unications in %ritin" are o%ne by the person to %ho! they arearesse an eli#ere, but they cannot be publishe or isse!inate %ithout the consent of the %riter or his heirs.<o%e#er, the court !ay authori$e their publication or isse!ination if the public "oo or the interest of &ustice sore4uires. 2n3

ARTICLE 724. Special la%s "o#ern copyri"ht an patent. 2(58a3

Differences between copyright, trademarks and patent Kho v. Court of Appea!, ;8 SCRA ('- 25--53

III. COPYRIGHT AND RELATED RIGHTS

A. Le"islati#e <istory of the La% on Copyri"ht an Relate Ri"hts 2)or reference3'. =resiential >ecree No. (8 2too+ effect on 5 >ece!ber '8535. =resiential >ecree No. '8 2a!ene => (8 by insertin" SECTION 763;. Intellectual =roperty Coe 2too+ effect on -' ?anuary '883

9. La% on Copyri"ht * Intellectual =roperty Coe 2@I=C@3 Republic Act No. 58;

SECTION 241. Effecti#ity. * This Act shall ta+e effect on ' ?anuary '88. 2n3

SECTION 239.3. The pro#isions of this Act shall apply to %or+s in %hich copyri"ht protection obtaine prior tothe effecti#ity of this Act is subsistin": =ro#ie, That the application of this Act shall not result in the i!inution of such protection.

SECTION 236. =reser#ation of E1istin" Ri"hts. * Nothin" herein shall a#ersely affect theri"hts on the enforce!ent of ri"hts in patents, utility !oels, inustrial esi"ns, !ar+s an %or+s, ac4uire in "oo

faith prior to the effecti#e ate of this Act. 2n3

'. >efinition of Copyri"ht 2I=C3

SECTION 177. Copyri"ht or Econo!ic Ri"hts. * Sub&ect to the pro#isions of Chapter III, copyri"ht or econo!ic ri"htsshall consist of the e1clusi#e ri"ht to carry out, authori$e or pre#ent the follo%in" acts:

'.'. Reprouction of the %or+ or substantial portion of the %or+/

'.5. >ra!ati$ation, translation, aaptation, abri"!ent, arran"e!ent or other transfor!ation of the %or+/

'.;. The first public istribution of the ori"inal an each copy of the %or+ by sale or other for!s of transfer of o%nership/

'.(. Rental of the ori"inal or a copy of an auio#isual or cine!ato"raphic %or+, a %or+ e!boie in a soun

recorin", a co!puter pro"ra!, a co!pilation of ata an other !aterials or a !usical %or+ in "raphic for!,irrespecti#e of the o%nership of the ori"inal or the copy %hich is the sub&ect of the rental/ 2n3

'.7. =ublic isplay of the ori"inal or a copy of the %or+/

'.6. =ublic perfor!ance of the %or+/ an

'.. Other co!!unication to the public of the %or+. 2Sec. 7, =. >. No. (8a3

RLE 5, Copyri"ht Safe"uars an Re"ulations

RULE. 2. >E)INITION O) TERBS. )or the purpose of these Copyri"ht Safe"uars an Re"ulations, the follo%in" ter!sare herein efine:

a3 Author is the natural person %ho has create the %or+/b3 Collective Work is %or+ %hich has been create by 5 or !ore natural persons at the initiati#e an uner the

irection of another %ith the unerstanin" that it %ill be isclose by the latter uner his o%n na!e an thatcontributin" natural persons %ill not be ientifie/

c3 Communication to the public or co!!unicate to the public !eans the !a+in" of a %or+ a#ailable to the publicby %ire or %ireless !eans in such a %ay that !e!bers of the public !ay access these %or+s fro! a place anti!e ini#iually chosen by the!/

3 Computer Program is a set of instructions capable, %hen incorporate in !achine*reaable !eiu!, of causin" a !achine ha#in" infor!ation*processin" capabilities, to inicate, perfor!, or achie#e a particularfunction, tas+, or result/

e3 Copyright is a ri"ht "rante by statute to the author or ori"inator of literary, scholarly, scientific, or artisticprouctions, incluin" co!puter pro"ra!s. A copyri"ht "i#es hi! the le"al ri"ht to eter!ine ho% the %or+ isuse an to obtain econo!ic benefits fro! the %or+. )or e1a!ple, the o%ner of a copyri"ht for a boo+ or apiece of soft%are has the e1clusi#e ri"hts to use, copy, istribute, an sell copies of the %or+, incluin" later

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eitions or #ersions of the %or+. If another person i!properly uses !aterial co#ere by a copyri"ht, thecopyri"ht o%ner can obtain le"al relief/

f3 Copyright Office refers to the Copyri"ht >i#ision of the National Library/"3 Copyright Symbol is represente by /h3 Date of Publication is the earliest ate %hen a copy of the first authori$e eition of the %or+ %as place on

sale, sol, istribute, or other%ise !ae a#ailable to the public, by the copyri"ht o%ner or his representati#e0 i3 Decompilation !eans the reprouction of the coe an the translation of the for!s of a co!puter pro"ra! to

achie#e the inter*operability of an inepenently*create co!puter pro"ra! %ith other pro"ra!s/ &3 !hibition of an auio#isual %or+ !eans any for! of e1ploitation of a %or+, incluin" its istribution in copies,

its public perfor!ance, an its co!!unication to the public, incluin" broacast or rebroacase, cableretrans!ission, or satellite broacast or trans!ission/

+3 "ee refers to the a!ount prescribe by The National Library for the issuance of a Certificate of Re"istration an>eposit to clai! copyri"ht or for the filin" of assi"n!ent or license, or for such other ser#ices or transactionsas !ay be co#ere by these Copyri"ht Safe"uars an Re"ulations/

l3 Performance Symbol is represente by p/!3 Public #ending is the transfer of possession of the ori"inal or a copy of a %or+ or !ulti!eia for a li!ite

perio, for nonprofit purposes, by an institution the ser#ices of %hich are a#ailable to the public, such as apublic library or archi#e/

n3 Public Performance is the recitation, playin", ancin", actin", or any perfor!ance of the %or+, either irectlyor by !eans of any e#ice or process/ in the case of an auio#isual %or+, the broacast or sho%in" of itsi!a"es in se4uence an the !a+in" of the souns acco!panyin" it auible/ an in the case of a sounrecorin", the !a+in" of the recore souns auible at a place or at places %here persons outsie thenor!al circle of a fa!ily an that fa!ily0s close social ac4uaintances are or can be present, irrespecti#e of %hether they are or can be present at the sa!e place an at the sa!e ti!e, or at ifferent places anDorifferent ti!es, an %here the perfor!ance can be percei#e %ithout the nee for co!!unication %ithin the!eanin" of co!!unication to the publicF efine abo#e0

o3 Published Work !eans %or+ %hich, %ith the consent of the author, is !ae a#ailable to the public by %ire or%ireless !eans in such a %ay that !e!bers of the public !ay access the %or+ fro! a place an ti!eini#iually chosen by the!. =ro#ie that a#ailability of such copies has been such as to satisfy thereasonable re4uire!ents of the public, ha#in" re"ar to the nature of the %or+/

p3 Publisher is one %ho prouces an !a+es a#ailable for circulation or istribution the publishe %or+/43 $ental is the transfer of the possession of the ori"inal or a copy of a %or+ or !ulti!eia for a li!ite perio of

ti!e, for profit*!a+in" purposes/r3 $eproduction is the !a+in" of ' or !ore copies of a %or+, incluin" !ulti!eia, in any !anner or for!. A

repro"raphic reprouction, as authori$e uner certain circu!stances by the I=C, oes not inclue a i"iral or!achine*reaable copy, but is li!ite to photo"raphy, 1ero"raphy an si!ilar processes, resultin" in a paperor !icrofor! copy/

s3 $eprographic ri"ht is one e1ercisable any%here to reprouce or authori$e the reprouction of the %or+ by!eans of any appliance or process capable of proucin" !ultiple copies of the %or+ in such a for! that the%or+ !ay be percei#e #isually. Repro"raphy an other for!s of reprouction re4uire the per!ission of thecopyri"ht holer/

t3 SA$ shall refer to these Copyri"ht Safe"uars an Re"ulations issue pursuant to the I=C/u3 SC# refers to the Library of the Supre!e Court of the Republic of the =hilippines/#3 %&# refers to The National Library of the Republic of the =hilippines/%3 %&# Director refers to the hea of The National Library of the Republic of the =hilippines/13 'npublished Work !eans %or+ that has not been isse!inate, circulate or istribute to the public prior to

its re"istration %ith the Copyri"ht Office/y3 Work refers to any ori"inal %or+, eri#ati#e %or+, perfor!ance of proucers, soun recorin", or recorin" of

broacastin" or"ani$ations. Derivative work is %or+ that is eri#e fro! another %or+/$3 Work of Applied Art is an artistic creation %ith utilitarian functions, or incorporate in a useful ARTICLE,

%hether !ae by han or prouce on an inustrial scale/aa3 Work of the (overnment of the Philippines is %or+ create by an officer of e!ployee of the =hil. Go#ern!ent

or any of its subi#isions an instru!entalities, incluin" "o#ern!ent*o%ne or controlle corporations, aspart of his re"ularly prescribe official uties.

RLEs ''*'5, Copyri"ht Safe"uars an Re"ulations

RULE 11. SECTION 1. Co!!unication to the =ublic of Copyri"hte Hor+s. Co!!unication to the publicF or co!!unicate to the publicF also inclues point*to*point trans!ission of a %or+,incluin" #ieo on e!an, an pro#iin" access to an electronic retrie#al syste!, such as co!puter atabases,ser#ers, or si!ilar electronic stora"e e#ises. 9roacastin", rebroacastin", retrans!ission by cable, an broacastan retrans!ission by satellite are all acts of co!!unication to the publicF %ithin the !eanin" of the I=C.

RULE 12. SECTION 1. )IRST =9LIC >ISTRI9TION O) HORAn e1clusi#e ri"ht of first istribution of %or+ inclues all acts in#ol#in" istribution, specifically incluin" the firsti!portation of an ori"inal an each copy of the %or+ into the &urisiction of the Republic of the =hilippines.

5. Stanar for Copyri"ht =rotectionSECTION '5.', I=C/ SECTION '5.5, I=C

ORIGINAL HORSSECTION 172. Literary an Artistic Hor+s. J'5.'. Literary an artistic %or+s, hereinafter referre to as @%or+s@, are ori"inal intellectual creations in the literaryan artistic o!ain protecte fro! the !o!ent of their creation an shall inclue in particular:

2a3 9oo+s, pa!phlets, ARTICLEs an other %ritin"s/2b3 =erioicals an ne%spapers/2c3 Lectures, ser!ons, aresses, issertations prepare for oral eli#ery, %hether or not reuce in %ritin" orother !aterial for!/23 Letters/2e3 >ra!atic or ra!atico*!usical co!positions/ choreo"raphic %or+s or entertain!ent in u!b sho%s/2f3 Busical co!positions, %ith or %ithout %ors/2"3 Hor+s of ra%in", paintin", architecture, sculpture, en"ra#in", litho"raphy or other %or+s of art/ !oels oresi"ns for %or+s of art/

3



2h3 Ori"inal orna!ental esi"ns or !oels for ARTICLEs of !anufacture, %hether or not re"istrable as aninustrial esi"n, an other %or+s of applie art/2i3 Illustrations, !aps, plans, s+etches, charts an three*i!ensional %or+s relati#e to "eo"raphy, topo"raphy,architecture or science/2&3 >ra%in"s or plastic %or+s of a scientific or technical character/2+3 =hoto"raphic %or+s incluin" %or+s prouce by a process analo"ous to photo"raphy/ lantern slies/2l3 Auio#isual %or+s an cine!ato"raphic %or+s an %or+s prouce by a process analo"ous to cine!ato"raphyor any process for !a+in" auio*#isual recorin"s/2!3 =ictorial illustrations an a#ertise!ents/2n3 Co!puter pro"ra!s/ an2o3 Other literary, scholarly, scientific an artistic %or+s.

'5.5. Hor+s are protecte by the sole fact of their creation, irrespecti#e of their !oe or for! of e1pression, as %ellas of their content, 4uality an purpose. 2Sec. 5, =.>. No. (8a3

Ch"ng K"an Chuan v. CA, ;6; SCRA '(5 25--'3Sa#$ar v. Lev" Strau!!, ; SCRA ;6( 25--53

;. Hhen oes Copyri"ht #estKSanto! v. %&Cuough 'r"nt"ng Co., '5 SCRA ;5' 2'86(3(""p"no So&"et) of Co#po!er! v. *en+a#"n Tan, '( SCRA (6' 2'83

Sec. 5, => (8

SECTION 2. The Ri"hts "rante by this >ecree shall, fro! the !o!ent of creation, subsist %ith respect to any of thefollo%in" classes of %or+s:

2A3 9oo+s, incluin" co!posite an encyclopeic %or+s, !anuscripts, irectories, an "a$etteers/293 =erioicals, incluin" pa!phlets an ne%spapers/2C3 Lectures, ser!ons, aresses, issertations prepare for oral eli#ery/2>3 Letters/2E3 >ra!atic or ra!atico*!usical co!positions/ choreo"raphic %or+s an entertain!ents in u!b sho%s, the actin"for! of %hich is fi1e in %ritin" or other%ise/2)3 Busical co!positions, %ith or %ithout %ors/2G3 Hor+s of ra%in", paintin", architecture, sculpture, en"ra#in", litho"raphy, an other %or+s of art/ !oels oresi"ns for %or+s of art/2<3 Reprouctions of a %or+ of art/2I3 Ori"inal orna!ental esi"ns or !oels for articless of !anufacture, %hether or not patentable, an other %or+s of applie art/2?3 Baps, plans, s+etches, an charts/23 >ra%in"s, or plastic %or+s of a scientific or technical character/

2L3 =hoto"raphic %or+s an %or+s prouce by a process analo"ous to photo"raphy/ lantern slies/2B3 Cine!ato"raphic %or+s an %or+s prouce by a process analo"ous to cine!ato"raphy or any process for !a+in"auio*#isual recorin"s/2N3 Co!puter pro"ra!s/2O3 =rints, pictorial, illustration, a#ertisin" copies, labels, ta"s, an bo1 %raps/2=3 >ra!ati$ation, translations, aaptations, abri"e!ents, arran"e!ents an other alterations of literary, !usical orartistic %or+s or of %or+s of the =hilippine Go#ern!ent as herein efine, %hich shall be protecte as pro#ie inSECTION of this >ecree.23 Collection of literary, scholarly, or artistic %or+s or of %or+s referre to in SECTION 8 of this >ecree %hich byreason of the selection an arran"e!ent of their contents constitute intellectual creations, the sa!e to be protecte assuch in accorance %ith SECTION of this >ecree.2R3 Other literary, scholarly, scientific an artistic %or+s.

SECTION '5 an '5.5, I=C )supra*RLE , SECTIONs 5*(, Copyri"ht Safe"uars an Re"ulations

RULE 7.SECTION 2. Effects of Re"istration an >eposit of Hor+. The re"istration an eposit of the %or+ is purely forrecorin" the ate of re"istration an eposit of the %or+ an shall not be conclusi#e as to copyri"ht o%nership or theter! of copyri"hts or the ri"hts of the copyri"ht o%ner, incluin" nei"hborin" ri"hts.

SECTION 3. Effect of Non*Re"istration an >eposit. If, %ithin ; %ee+s after receipt by the copyri"ht %oner of a%ritten e!an fro! TNL anDor SCL for the eposit of a %or+ liste in RLE 7, SECTION (, of this SAR, the re4uirecopies are not eli#ere an the fee for re"istration an eposit is not pai, the copyri"ht o%ner, his assi"nee, or hisa"ent shall be liable to pay a fine e4ui#alent to the re4uire fee per !onth of elay an to pay TNL an SCL thea!ount of the retail price of the best eition of the %or+.

SECTION 4. Other la%s. pon issuance of a certificate of eposit, the copyri"ht o%ner shall be e1e!pt fro! !a+in"aitional eposits of the %or+ %ith the TNL or the SCL uner other la%s.

(. Scope of Copyri"htSECTIONs '5, '5.5 )supra*';, ';.5, '(, '7, '6, I=C

DERIVATIVE WORS

SECTION 173. Derivative Works. * ';.'. The follo%in" eri#ati#e %or+s shall also be protecte by copyri"ht:

2a3 >ra!ati$ations, translations, aaptations, abri"!ents, arran"e!ents, an other alterations of literary orartistic %or+s/ an

2b3 Collections of literary, scholarly or artistic %or+s, an co!pilations of ata an other !aterials %hich areori"inal by reason of the selection or coorination or arran"e!ent of their contents. 2Sec. 5, M= an M, =.>.No. (83

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';.5. The %or+s referre to in para"raphs 2a3 an 2b3 of SubSECTION ';.' shall be protecte as ne% %or+s:=ro#ie ho%e#er, That such ne% %or+ shall not affect the force of any subsistin" copyri"ht upon the ori"inal %or+se!ploye or any part thereof, or be construe to i!ply any ri"ht to such use of the ori"inal %or+s, or to secure ore1ten copyri"ht in such ori"inal %or+s. 2Sec. , =.>. (8/ Art. '-, TRI=S3

SECTION 174. Published dition of Work . * In aition to the ri"ht to publish "rante by the author, his heirs, orassi"ns, the publisher shall ha#e a copyri"ht consistin" !erely of the ri"ht of reprouction of the typo"raphicalarran"e!ent of the publishe eition of the %or+. 2n3

CHAPTER IVWORS NOT PROTECTED

SECTION 175. 'nprotected Sub+ect atter . * Not%ithstanin" the pro#isions of SECTIONs '5 an ';, no protectionshall e1ten, uner this la%, to any iea, proceure, syste!, !etho or operation, concept, principle, isco#ery or!ere ata as such, e#en if they are e1presse, e1plaine, illustrate or e!boie in a %or+/ ne%s of the ay another !iscellaneous facts ha#in" the character of !ere ite!s of press infor!ation/ or any official te1t of a le"islati#e,a!inistrati#e or le"al nature, as %ell as any official translation thereof 2n3

SECTION 176. Works of the (overnment . * '6.'. No copyri"ht shall subsist in any %or+ of the Go#ern!ent of the=hilippines. <o%e#er, prior appro#al of the "o#ern!ent a"ency or office %herein the %or+ is create shall be necessaryfor e1ploitation of such %or+ for profit. Such a"ency or office !ay, a!on" other thin"s, i!pose as a conition thepay!ent of royalties. No prior appro#al or conitions shall be re4uire for the use of any purpose of statutes, RLEsan re"ulations, an speeches, lectures, ser!ons, aresses, an issertations, pronounce, rea or renere incourts of &ustice, before a!inistrati#e a"encies, in eliberati#e asse!blies an in !eetin"s of public character. 2Sec. 8,first par., =.>. No. (83

'6.5. The author of speeches, lectures, ser!ons, aresses, an issertations !entione in the precein" para"raphsshall ha#e the e1clusi#e ri"ht of !a+in" a collection of his %or+s. 2n3

'6.;. Not%ithstanin" the fore"oin" pro#isions, the Go#ern!ent is not preclue fro! recei#in" an holin"copyri"hts transferre to it by assi"n!ent, be4uest or other%ise/ nor shall publication or republication by theGo#ern!ent in a public ocu!ent of any %or+ in %hich copyri"ht is subsistin" be ta+en to cause any abri"!ent orannul!ent of the copyri"ht or to authori$e any use or appropriation of such %or+ %ithout the consent of the copyri"hto%ner. 2Sec. 8, thir par., =.>. No. (83

,oa-u"n v. Dr"on, ;-5 SCRA 557 2'8883Un"ted (eature S)nd"&ate v. %un!"ngear , '8 SCRA 56- 2'883(e"!t 'u$"&at"on!/ In&. v. Rura Te. Serv"&e Co., (88 .S. ;(-

7. Hho o%ns Copyri"htKSec. ' 2an its subpara"raphs3, Sec. '8, Sec. '(, I=C

OWNERSHIP O! COPYRIGHT

SECTION 178. RULE s on Copyright Ownership. * Copyri"ht o%nership shall be "o#erne by the follo%in" RLEs:

'.' Sub&ect to the pro#isions of this SECTION, in the case of ori"inal literary an artistic %or+s, copyri"ht shallbelon" to the author of the %or+/

'.5. In the case of %or+s of &oint authorship, the co*authors shall be the ori"inal o%ners of the copyri"ht an in theabsence of a"ree!ent, their ri"hts shall be "o#erne by the RLEs on co*o%nership. If, ho%e#er, a %or+ of &ointauthorship consists of parts that can be use separately an the author of each part can be ientifie, the author ofeach part shall be the ori"inal o%ner of the copyri"ht in the part that he has create/

'.;. In the case of %or+ create by an author urin" an in the course of his e!ploy!ent, the copyri"ht shallbelon" to:

2a3 The e!ployee, if the creation of the ob&ect of copyri"ht is not a part of his re"ular uties e#en if thee!ployee uses the ti!e, facilities an !aterials of the e!ployer.

2b3 The e!ployer, if the %or+ is the result of the perfor!ance of his re"ularly*assi"ne uties, unless there isan a"ree!ent, e1press or i!plie, to the contrary.

'.(. In the case of a %or+ co!!issione by a person other than an e!ployer of the author an %ho pays for it anthe %or+ is !ae in pursuance of the co!!ission, the person %ho so co!!issione the %or+ shall ha#e o%nership ofthe %or+, but the copyri"ht thereto shall re!ain %ith the creator, unless there is a %ritten stipulation to the contrary/

'.7. In the case of auio#isual %or+, the copyri"ht shall belon" to the proucer, the author of the scenario, theco!poser of the !usic, the fil! irector, an the author of the %or+ so aapte. <o%e#er, sub&ect to contrary or otherstipulations a!on" the creators, the proucer shall e1ercise the copyri"ht to an e1tent re4uire for the e1hibition ofthe %or+ in any !anner, e1cept for the ri"ht to collect perfor!in" license fees for the perfor!ance of !usicalco!positions, %ith or %ithout %ors, %hich are incorporate into the %or+/ an

'.6. In respect of letters, the copyri"ht shall belon" to the %riter sub&ect to the pro#isions of ARTICLE 5; of theCi#il Coe. 2Sec. 6, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 179. Anonymous and Pseudonymous Works. * )or purposes of this Act, the publishers shall be ee!e torepresent the authors of ARTICLEs an other %ritin"s publishe %ithout the na!es of the authors or unerpseuony!s, unless the contrary appears, or the pseuony!s or aopte na!e lea#es no oubt as to the authorsientity, or if the author of the anony!ous %or+s iscloses his ientity. 2Sec. , =.>. (83

ARTICLE 55 an 5;, Ci#il Coe

5



ARTICLE 722. The author an the co!poser, !entione in Nos. ' an 5 of the precein" ARTICLE, shall ha#e theo%nership of their creations e#en before the publication of the sa!e. Once their %or+s are publishe, their ri"hts are"o#erne by the Copyri"ht la%s.

The painter, sculptor or other artist shall ha#e o!inion o#er the prouct of his art e#en before it is copyri"hte.

The scientist or technolo"ist has the o%nership of his isco#ery or in#ention e#en before it is patente. 2n3

ARTICLE 723. Letters an other pri#ate co!!unications in %ritin" are o%ne by the person to %ho! they arearesse an eli#ere, but they cannot be publishe or isse!inate %ithout the consent of the %riter or his heirs.<o%e#er, the court !ay authori$e their publication or isse!ination if the public "oo or the interest of &ustice so

re4uires. 2n3

ARTICLE 75- of the Ci#il Coe

ARTICLE 520. A trae*!ar+ or trae*na!e uly re"istere in the proper "o#ern!ent bureau or office is o%ne byan pertains to the person, corporation, or fir! re"isterin" the sa!e, sub&ect to the pro#isions of special la%s. 2n3

6. >uration of Copyri"ht

Sec. 5'; 2an its subpara"raphs3, Sec. 5'(, I=C

SECTION 213. %erm of Protection. * 5';.'. Sub&ect to the pro#isions of SubSECTIONs 5';.5 to 5';.7, the copyri"htin %or+s uner SECTIONs '5 an '; shall be protecte urin" the life of the author an for fifty 27-3 years after hiseath. This RLE also applies to posthu!ous %or+s. 2Sec. 5', first sentence, =.>. No. (8a3

5';.5. In case of %or+s of &oint authorship, the econo!ic ri"hts shall be protecte urin" the life of the last sur#i#in"author an for fifty 27-3 years after his eath. 2Sec. 5', secon sentence, =.>. No. (83

5';.;. In case of anony!ous or pseuony!ous %or+s, the copyri"ht shall be protecte for fifty 27-3 years fro! theate on %hich the %or+ %as first la%fully publishe: =ro#ie, That %here, before the e1piration of the sai perio, theauthors ientity is re#eale or is no lon"er in oubt, the pro#isions of SubSECTIONs 5';.'. an 5';.5 shall apply, asthe case !ay be: =ro#ie, further, That such %or+s if not publishe before shall be protecte for fifty 27-3 yearscounte fro! the !a+in" of the %or+. 2Sec. 5;, =.>. No. (83

5';.(. In case of %or+s of applie art the protection shall be for a perio of t%enty*fi#e 2573 years fro! the ate of!a+in". 2Sec. 5(293, =.>. No. (8a3

5';.7. In case of photo"raphic %or+s, the protection shall be for fifty 27-3 years fro! publication of the %or+ an, ifunpublishe, fifty 27-3 years fro! the !a+in". 2Sec. 5(2C3, =.>. (8a3

5';.6. In case of auio*#isual %or+s incluin" those prouce by process analo"ous to photo"raphy or any process for!a+in" auio*#isual recorin"s, the ter! shall be fifty 27-3 years fro! ate of publication an, if unpublishe, fro! the

ate of !a+in". 2Sec. 5(2C3, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 214. Calculation of %erm. * The ter! of protection subse4uent to the eath of the author pro#ie in theprecein" SECTION shall run fro! the ate of his eath or of publication, but such ter!s shall al%ays be ee!e tobe"in on the first ay of ?anuary of the year follo%in" the e#ent %hich "a#e rise to the!. 2Sec. 57, =.>. No. (83

. Li!itations on Copyri"htSECTIONs '6 2an its subpara"raphs3, ''.'', '(, '7, '6, ', ', '8, '8-, I=C

SECTION 176. Works of the (overnment . * '6.'. No copyri"ht shall subsist in any %or+ of the Go#ern!ent of the=hilippines. <o%e#er, prior appro#al of the "o#ern!ent a"ency or office %herein the %or+ is create shall be necessaryfor e1ploitation of such %or+ for profit. Such a"ency or office !ay, a!on" other thin"s, i!pose as a conition thepay!ent of royalties. No prior appro#al or conitions shall be re4uire for the use of any purpose of statutes, RLEsan re"ulations, an speeches, lectures, ser!ons, aresses, an issertations, pronounce, rea or renere incourts of &ustice, before a!inistrati#e a"encies, in eliberati#e asse!blies an in !eetin"s of public character. 2Sec. 8,first par., =.>. No. (83

'6.5. The author of speeches, lectures, ser!ons, aresses, an issertations !entione in the precein" para"raphsshall ha#e the e1clusi#e ri"ht of !a+in" a collection of his %or+s. 2n3

'6.;. Not%ithstanin" the fore"oin" pro#isions, the Go#ern!ent is not preclue fro! recei#in" an holin"copyri"hts transferre to it by assi"n!ent, be4uest or other%ise/ nor shall publication or republication by theGo#ern!ent in a public ocu!ent of any %or+ in %hich copyri"ht is subsistin" be ta+en to cause any abri"!ent orannul!ent of the copyri"ht or to authori$e any use or appropriation of such %or+ %ithout the consent of the copyri"hto%ner. 2Sec. 8, thir par., =.>. No. (83 ''.''. A @%or+ of the Go#ern!ent of the =hilippines@ is a %or+ create by anofficer or e!ployee of the =hilippine Go#ern!ent or any of its subi#isions an instru!entalities, incluin""o#ern!ent*o%ne or controlle corporations as a part of his re"ularly prescribe official uties.

SECTION 184. #imitations on Copyright . * '(.'. Not%ithstanin" the pro#isions of Chapter , the follo%in" acts shallnot constitute infrin"e!ent of copyri"ht:

2a3 The recitation or perfor!ance of a %or+, once it has been la%fully !ae accessible to the public, if one

pri#ately an free of char"e or if !ae strictly for a charitable or reli"ious institution or society/ 2Sec. '-2'3,=.>. No. (83

2b3 The !a+in" of 4uotations fro! a publishe %or+ if they are co!patible %ith fair use an only to the e1tent &ustifie for the purpose, incluin" 4uotations fro! ne%spaper ARTICLEs an perioicals in the for! of presssu!!aries: =ro#ie, That the source an the na!e of the author, if appearin" on the %or+, are !entione/2Sec. '', thir par., =.>. No. (83

2c3 The reprouction or co!!unication to the public by !ass !eia of ARTICLEs on current political, social,econo!ic, scientific or reli"ious topic, lectures, aresses an other %or+s of the sa!e nature, %hich areeli#ere in public if such use is for infor!ation purposes an has not been e1pressly reser#e: =ro#ie, Thatthe source is clearly inicate/ 2Sec. '', =.>. No. (83

6



23 The reprouction an co!!unication to the public of literary, scientific or artistic %or+s as part of reportsof current e#ents by !eans of photo"raphy, cine!ato"raphy or broacastin" to the e1tent necessary for thepurpose/ 2Sec. '5, =.>. No. (83

2e3 The inclusion of a %or+ in a publication, broacast, or other co!!unication to the public, soun recorin"or fil!, if such inclusion is !ae by %ay of illustration for teachin" purposes an is co!patible %ith fair use:=ro#ie, That the source an of the na!e of the author, if appearin" in the %or+, are !entione/

2f3 The recorin" !ae in schools, uni#ersities, or eucational institutions of a %or+ inclue in a broacast forthe use of such schools, uni#ersities or eucational institutions: =ro#ie, That such recorin" !ust be elete%ithin a reasonable perio after they %ere first broacast: =ro#ie, further, That such recorin" !ay not be

!ae fro! auio#isual %or+s %hich are part of the "eneral cine!a repertoire of feature fil!s e1cept for briefe1cerpts of the %or+/

2"3 The !a+in" of ephe!eral recorin"s by a broacastin" or"ani$ation by !eans of its o%n facilities an foruse in its o%n broacast/

2h3 The use !ae of a %or+ by or uner the irection or control of the Go#ern!ent, by the National Library orby eucational, scientific or professional institutions %here such use is in the public interest an is co!patible%ith fair use/

2i3 The public perfor!ance or the co!!unication to the public of a %or+, in a place %here no a!ission fee ischar"e in respect of such public perfor!ance or co!!unication, by a club or institution for charitable oreucational purpose only, %hose ai! is not profit !a+in", sub&ect to such other li!itations as !ay be pro#iein the Re"ulations/ 2n3

2&3 =ublic isplay of the ori"inal or a copy of the %or+ not !ae by !eans of a fil!, slie, tele#ision i!a"e orother%ise on screen or by !eans of any other e#ice or process: =ro#ie, That either the %or+ has beenpublishe, or, that the ori"inal or the copy isplaye has been sol, "i#en a%ay or other%ise transferre toanother person by the author or his successor in title/ an

2+3 Any use !ae of a %or+ for the purpose of any &uicial proceein"s or for the "i#in" of professional a#iceby a le"al practitioner.

'(.5. The pro#isions of this SECTION shall be interprete in such a %ay as to allo% the %or+ to be use in a !anner%hich oes not conflict %ith the nor!al e1ploitation of the %or+ an oes not unreasonably pre&uice the ri"ht holersle"iti!ate interests.

SECTION 185. "air 'se of a Copyrighted Work . * '7.'. The fair use of a copyri"hte %or+ for criticis!, co!!ent,ne%s reportin", teachin" incluin" !ultiple copies for classroo! use, scholarship, research, an si!ilar purposes is notan infrin"e!ent of copyri"ht. >eco!pilation, %hich is unerstoo here to be the reprouction of the coe an

translation of the for!s of the co!puter pro"ra! to achie#e the inter*operability of an inepenently create co!puterpro"ra! %ith other pro"ra!s !ay also constitute fair use. In eter!inin" %hether the use !ae of a %or+ in anyparticular case is fair use, the factors to be consiere shall inclue:

2a3 The purpose an character of the use, incluin" %hether such use is of a co!!ercial nature or is for non*profit eucational purposes/

2b3 The nature of the copyri"hte %or+/

2c3 The a!ount an substantiality of the portion use in relation to the copyri"hte %or+ as a %hole/ an

23 The effect of the use upon the potential !ar+et for or #alue of the copyri"hte %or+.

'7.5. The fact that a %or+ is unpublishe shall not by itself bar a finin" of fair use if such finin" is !ae uponconsieration of all the abo#e factors.

SECTION 186. Work of Architecture. * Copyri"ht in a %or+ of architecture shall inclue the ri"ht to control theerection of any builin" %hich reprouces the %hole or a substantial part of the %or+ either in its ori"inal for! or inany for! reco"ni$ably eri#e fro! the ori"inal: =ro#ie, That the copyri"ht in any such %or+ shall not inclue theri"ht to control the reconstruction or rehabilitation in the sa!e style as the ori"inal of a builin" to %hich that copyri"htrelates. 2n3

SECTION 187. $eproduction of Published Work . * '.'. Not%ithstanin" the pro#ision of SECTION ', an sub&ectto the pro#isions of SubSECTION '.5, the pri#ate reprouction of a publishe %or+ in a sin"le copy, %here thereprouction is !ae by a natural person e1clusi#ely for research an pri#ate stuy, shall be per!itte, %ithout theauthori$ation of the o%ner of copyri"ht in the %or+.

'.5. The per!ission "rante uner SubSECTION '.' shall not e1ten to the reprouction of:

2a3 A %or+ of architecture in the for! of builin" or other construction/2b3 An entire boo+, or a substantial part thereof, or of a !usical %or+ in "raphic for! by repro"raphic !eans/

2c3 A co!pilation of ata an other !aterials/23 A co!puter pro"ra! e1cept as pro#ie in SECTION '8/ an2e3 Any %or+ in cases %here reprouction %oul unreasonably conflict %ith a nor!al e1ploitation of the %or+or %oul other%ise unreasonably pre&uice the le"iti!ate interests of the author. 2n3

SECTION 188. $eprographic $eproduction by #ibraries. * '.'. Not%ithstanin" the pro#isions of SubSECTION'.6, any library or archi#e %hose acti#ities are not for profit !ay, %ithout the authori$ation of the author ofcopyri"ht o%ner, !a+e a sin"le copy of the %or+ by repro"raphic reprouction:

2a3 Hhere the %or+ by reason of its fra"ile character or rarity cannot be lent to user in its ori"inal for!/

2b3 Hhere the %or+s are isolate ARTICLEs containe in co!posite %or+s or brief portions of other publishe%or+s an the reprouction is necessary to supply the!, %hen this is consiere e1peient, to persons

7



re4uestin" their loan for purposes of research or stuy instea of lenin" the #olu!es or boo+lets %hichcontain the!/ an

2c3 Hhere the !a+in" of such a copy is in orer to preser#e an, if necessary in the e#ent that it is lost,estroye or renere unusable, replace a copy, or to replace, in the per!anent collection of another si!ilarlibrary or archi#e, a copy %hich has been lost, estroye or renere unusable an copies are not a#ailable%ith the publisher.

'.5. Not%ithstanin" the abo#e pro#isions, it shall not be per!issible to prouce a #olu!e of a %or+ publishe inse#eral #olu!es or to prouce !issin" to!es or pa"es of !a"a$ines or si!ilar %or+s, unless the #olu!e, to!e or partis out of stoc+: =ro#ie, That e#ery library %hich, by la%, is entitle to recei#e copies of a printe %or+, shall be

entitle, %hen special reasons so re4uire, to reprouce a copy of a publishe %or+ %hich is consiere necessary forthe collection of the library but %hich is out of stoc+. 2Sec. ';, =.>. (8a3

SECTION 189. $eproduction of Computer Program. * '8.'. Not%ithstanin" the pro#isions of SECTION ', thereprouction in one 2'3 bac+*up copy or aaptation of a co!puter pro"ra! shall be per!itte, %ithout theauthori$ation of the author of, or other o%ner of copyri"ht in, a co!puter pro"ra!, by the la%ful o%ner of thatco!puter pro"ra!: =ro#ie, That the copy or aaptation is necessary for:

2a3 The use of the co!puter pro"ra! in con&unction %ith a co!puter for the purpose, an to the e1tent, for%hich the co!puter pro"ra! has been obtaine/ an

2b3 Archi#al purposes, an, for the replace!ent of the la%fully o%ne copy of the co!puter pro"ra! in thee#ent that the la%fully obtaine copy of the co!puter pro"ra! is lost, estroye or renere unusable.

'8.5. No copy or aaptation !entione in this SECTION shall be use for any purpose other than the ones

eter!ine in this SECTION, an any such copy or aaptation shall be estroye in the e#ent that continuepossession of the copy of the co!puter pro"ra! ceases to be la%ful.

'8.;. This pro#ision shall be %ithout pre&uice to the application of SECTION '7 %hene#er appropriate. 2n3

SECTION 190. -mportation for Personal Purposes. * '8-.'. Not%ithstanin" the pro#ision of SubSECTION '.6, butsub&ect to the li!itation uner the SubSECTION '7.5, the i!portation of a copy of a %or+ by an ini#iual for hispersonal purposes shall be per!itte %ithout the authori$ation of the author of, or other o%ner of copyri"ht in, the%or+ uner the follo%in" circu!stances:

2a3 Hhen copies of the %or+ are not a#ailable in the =hilippines an:

2i3 Not !ore than one 2'3 copy at one ti!e is i!porte for strictly ini#iual use only/ or

2ii3 The i!portation is by authority of an for the use of the =hilippine Go#ern!ent/ or

2iii3 The i!portation, consistin" of not !ore than three 2;3 such copies or li+enesses in any onein#oice, is not for sale but for the use only of any reli"ious, charitable, or eucational society orinstitution uly incorporate or re"istere, or is for the encoura"e!ent of the fine arts, or for anystate school, colle"e, uni#ersity, or free public library in the =hilippines.

2b3 Hhen such copies for! parts of libraries an personal ba""a"e belon"in" to persons or fa!ilies arri#in"fro! forei"n countries an are not intene for sale: =ro#ie, That such copies o not e1cee three 2;3.

'8-.5. Copies i!porte as allo%e by this SECTION !ay not la%fully be use in any %ay to #iolate the ri"hts of o%nerthe copyri"ht or annul or li!it the protection secure by this Act, an such unla%ful use shall be ee!e aninfrin"e!ent an shall be punishable as such %ithout pre&uice to the proprietors ri"ht of action.

'8-.;. Sub&ect to the appro#al of the Secretary of )inance, the Co!!issioner of Custo!s is hereby e!po%ere to!a+e RLEs an re"ulations for pre#entin" the i!portation of ARTICLEs the i!portation of %hich is prohibite unerthis SECTION an uner treaties an con#entions to %hich the =hilippines !ay be a party an for sei$in" ancone!nin" an isposin" of the sa!e in case they are isco#ere after they ha#e been i!porte. 2Sec. ;-, =.>. No.(83

RLE '(, Copyri"ht Safe"uars an Re"ulations

RULE 14. LIBITATIONS ON CO=PRIG<TSECTION 1. =ublic =erfor!ance or Co!!unication to the =ublic of Hor+ by Non*=rofit Institution.The public perfor!ance or the co!!unication to the public of a %or+, in a place %here no a!ission fee is char"e inrespect of such public perfor!ance or co!!unication, by a club or institution for charitable or eucational purposesonly, %hose ai! is not profit*!a+in", shall not constitute infrin"e!ent of copyri"ht, if:

a3 The %or+s are li!ite to non*ra!atic literary %or+s an non*copyri"hte !usical co!positions, an o notinclue auio#isual %or+s or co!puter pro"ra!s/

b3 The clubs or institutions to %hich this subSECTION applies are li!ite to those or"ani$e e1clusi#ely forcharitable or eucational purposes/ an if the follo%in" conitions are satisfie:Q No fee or co!pensation is pai to any perfor!ers, pro!oters or or"ani$ers of the public perfor!ance/

Q There is no irect or inirect a!ission char"e to the place %here the perfor!ance occurs/ anQ A!ission to the perfor!ance is restricte to persons %ho are, an for at least the precein" ;- ays ha#ebeen, !e!bers in "oo stanin" of the club or the institution for %hose charitable or eucation purposes theperfor!ance is bein" carrie out.

(""p"no So&"et) of Co#po!er! v. *en+a#"n Tan, '( SCRA (6' 2'83'h""pp"ne Edu&at"on Co. v. Sotto, 75 =hil. 7- In The %atter Of The Charge! Of 'ag"ar"!#/ Et&./ Aga"n!t A!!o&"ate ,u!t"&e %ar"anoC. De Ca!t"o, A.B. No. '-**'*SC. October '5, 5-'-. In The %atter Of The Charge! Of 'ag"ar"!#/ Et&./ Aga"n!t A!!o&"ate ,u!t"&e %ar"anoC. De Ca!t"o, A.B. No. '-**'*SC. )ebruary , 5-''.

. Transfer of Copyri"ht

8



SECTIONs '- 2an its subpara"raphs3, '', '5, ';, I=C

SECTION 180. $ights of Assignee. * '-.'. The copyri"ht !ay be assi"ne in %hole or in part. Hithin the scope ofthe assi"n!ent, the assi"nee is entitle to all the ri"hts an re!eies %hich the assi"nor ha %ith respect to thecopyri"ht.

'-.5. The copyri"ht is not ee!e assi"ne inter #i#os in %hole or in part unless there is a %ritten inication of suchintention.

'-.;. The sub!ission of a literary, photo"raphic or artistic %or+ to a ne%spaper, !a"a$ine or perioical for publicationshall constitute only a license to !a+e a sin"le publication unless a "reater ri"ht is e1pressly "rante. If t%o 253 or!ore persons &ointly o%n a copyri"ht or any part thereof, neither of the o%ners shall be entitle to "rant licenses%ithout the prior %ritten consent of the other o%ner or o%ners. 2Sec. '7, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 181. Copyright and aterial Ob+ect . * The copyri"ht is istinct fro! the property in the !aterial ob&ectsub&ect to it. Conse4uently, the transfer or assi"n!ent of the copyri"ht shall not itself constitute a transfer of the!aterial ob&ect. Nor shall a transfer or assi"n!ent of the sole copy or of one or se#eral copies of the %or+ i!plytransfer or assi"n!ent of the copyri"ht. 2Sec. '6, =.>. No. (83

SECTION 182. "iling of Assignment or #icense. * An assi"n!ent or e1clusi#e license !ay be file in uplicate %ith theNational Library upon pay!ent of the prescribe fee for re"istration in boo+s an recors +ept for the purpose. ponrecorin", a copy of the instru!ent shall be returne to the sener %ith a notation of the fact of recor. Notice of therecor shall be publishe in the I=O Ga$ette. 2Sec. '8, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 183. Designation of Society . * The copyri"ht o%ners or their heirs !ay esi"nate a society of artists,%riters or co!posers to enforce their econo!ic ri"hts an !oral ri"hts on their behalf. 2Sec. ;5, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION (.5 in relation to SECTIONs an , I=C

SECTION (.5. The ter! @technolo"y transfer arran"e!ents@ refers to contracts or a"ree!ents in#ol#in" the transferof syste!atic +no%le"e for the !anufacture of a prouct, the application of a process, or renerin" of a ser#iceincluin" !ana"e!ent contracts/ an the transfer, assi"n!ent or licensin" of all for!s of intellectual property ri"hts,incluin" licensin" of co!puter soft%are e1cept co!puter soft%are e#elope for !ass !ar+et.

SECTION 87. Prohibited Clauses. * E1cept in cases uner SECTION 8', the follo%in" pro#isions shall be ee!epri!a facie to ha#e an a#erse effect on co!petition an trae:

.'. Those %hich i!pose upon the licensee the obli"ation to ac4uire fro! a specific source capital "oos, inter!eiateproucts, ra% !aterials, an other technolo"ies, or of per!anently e!ployin" personnel inicate by the licensor/

.5. Those pursuant to %hich the licensor reser#es the ri"ht to fi1 the sale or resale prices of the proucts!anufacture on the basis of the license/

.;. Those that contain restrictions re"arin" the #olu!e an structure of prouction/

.(. Those that prohibit the use of co!petiti#e technolo"ies in a non*e1clusi#e technolo"y transfer a"ree!ent/

.7. Those that establish a full or partial purchase option in fa#or of the licensor/

.6. Those that obli"ate the licensee to transfer for free to the licensor the in#entions or i!pro#e!ents that !ay beobtaine throu"h the use of the license technolo"y/

.. Those that re4uire pay!ent of royalties to the o%ners of patents for patents %hich are not use/

.. Those that prohibit the licensee to e1port the license prouct unless &ustifie for the protection of the le"iti!ateinterest of the licensor such as e1ports to countries %here e1clusi#e licenses to !anufacture anDor istribute thelicense prouct2s3 ha#e alreay been "rante/

.8. Those %hich restrict the use of the technolo"y supplie after the e1piration of the technolo"y transferarran"e!ent, e1cept in cases of early ter!ination of the technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent ue to reason2s3 attributableto the licensee/

.'-. Those %hich re4uire pay!ents for patents an other inustrial property ri"hts after their e1piration, ter!inationarran"e!ent/

.''. Those %hich re4uire that the technolo"y recipient shall not contest the #aliity of any of the patents of thetechnolo"y supplier/

.'5. Those %hich restrict the research an e#elop!ent acti#ities of the licensee esi"ne to absorb an aapt thetransferre technolo"y to local conitions or to initiate research an e#elop!ent pro"ra!s in connection %ith ne%proucts, processes or e4uip!ent/

.';. Those %hich pre#ent the licensee fro! aaptin" the i!porte technolo"y to local conitions, or introucin"inno#ation to it, as lon" as it oes not i!pair the 4uality stanars prescribe by the licensor/

.'(. Those %hich e1e!pt the licensor for liability for non*fulfil!ent of his responsibilities uner the technolo"ytransfer arran"e!ent anDor liability arisin" fro! thir party suits brou"ht about by the use of the license prouct orthe license technolo"y/ an

.'7. Other clauses %ith e4ui#alent effects. 2Sec. ;;*C 253, R.A '67a3

SECTION 88. andatory Provisions. * The follo%in" pro#isions shall be inclue in #oluntary license contracts:

.'. That the la%s of the =hilippines shall "o#ern the interpretation of the sa!e an in the e#ent of liti"ation, the#enue shall be the proper court in the place %here the licensee has its principal office/

9



.5. Continue access to i!pro#e!ents in techni4ues an processes relate to the technolo"y shall be !ae a#ailableurin" the perio of the technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent/

.;. In the e#ent the technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent shall pro#ie for arbitration, the =roceure of Arbitration of theArbitration La% of the =hilippines or the Arbitration RLEs of the nite Nations Co!!ission on International Trae La%2NCITRAL3 or the RLEs of Conciliation an Arbitration of the International Cha!ber of Co!!erce 2ICC3 shall applyan the #enue of arbitration shall be the =hilippines or any neutral country/ an

.(. The =hilippine ta1es on all pay!ents relatin" to the technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent shall be borne by thelicensor. 2n3

SECTION 85, I=C

SECTION 92. &on.$egistration with the Documentation, -nformation and %echnology %ransfer /ureau. * Technolo"ytransfer arran"e!ents that confor! %ith the pro#isions of SECTIONs 6 an nee not be re"istere %ith the>ocu!entation, Infor!ation an Technolo"y Transfer 9ureau. Non*confor!ance %ith any of the pro#isions ofSECTIONs an , ho%e#er, shall auto!atically rener the technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent unenforceable, unlesssai technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent is appro#e an re"istere %ith the >ocu!entation, Infor!ation an Technolo"yTransfer 9ureau uner the pro#isions of SECTION 8' on e1ceptional cases. 2n3

SECTION 5;, I=C

SECTION 237. &otification on /erne Appendi! . * The =hilippines shall by proper co!pliance %ith the re4uire!ents setforth uner the Appeni1 of the 9erne Con#ention 2=aris Act, '8'3 a#ail itself of the special pro#isions re"arin"e#elopin" countries, incluin" pro#isions for licenses "rantable by co!petent authority uner the Appeni1. 2n3

8. >eposit of Copyri"htable BaterialsSECTIONs '8'*'85, I=C

SECTION 191. $egistration and Deposit with &ational #ibrary and the Supreme Court #ibrary . * After the first publicisse!ination of perfor!ance by authority of the copyri"ht o%ner of a %or+ fallin" uner SubSECTIONs '5.', '5.5an '5.; of this Act, there shall, for the purpose of co!pletin" the recors of the National Library an the Supre!eCourt Library, %ithin three 2;3 %ee+s, be re"istere an eposite %ith it, by personal eli#ery or by re"istere !ailt%o 253 co!plete copies or reprouctions of the %or+ in such for! as the irectors of sai libraries !ay prescribe. Acertificate of eposit shall be issue for %hich the prescribe fee shall be collecte an the copyri"ht o%ner shall bee1e!pt fro! !a+in" aitional eposit of the %or+s %ith the National Library an the Supre!e Court Library unerother la%s. If, %ithin three 2;3 %ee+s after receipt by the copyri"ht o%ner of a %ritten e!an fro! the irectors forsuch eposit, the re4uire copies or reprouctions are not eli#ere an the fee is not pai, the copyri"ht o%ner shallbe liable to pay a fine e4ui#alent to the re4uire fee per !onth of elay an to pay to the National Library an theSupre!e Court Library the a!ount of the retail price of the best eition of the %or+. Only the abo#e !entione classesof %or+ shall be accepte for eposit by the National Library an the Supre!e Court Library. 2Sec. 56, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 192. &otice of Copyright . * Each copy of a %or+ publishe or offere for sale !ay contain a notice bearin"

the na!e of the copyri"ht o%ner, an the year of its first publication, an, in copies prouce after the creators eath,the year of such eath. 2Sec. 5, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTIONs 55*558, I=C

SECTION 227. Ownership of Deposit and -nstruments. * All copies eposite an instru!ents in %ritin" file %ith theNational Library an the Supre!e Court Library in accorance %ith the pro#isions of this Act shall beco!e the propertyof the Go#ern!ent. 2Sec. 6-, =.>. No. (83

SECTION 228. Public $ecords. * The SECTION or i#ision of the National Library an the Supre!e Court Librarychar"e %ith recei#in" copies an instru!ents eposite an %ith +eepin" recors re4uire uner this Act ane#erythin" in it shall be opene to public inspection. The >irector of the National Library is e!po%ere to issue suchsafe"uars an re"ulations as !ay be necessary to i!ple!ent this SECTION an other pro#isions of this Act. 2Sec. 6',=.>. No. (83

SECTION 229. Copyright Division0 "ees. * The Copyri"ht SECTION of the National Library shall be classifie as a>i#ision upon the effecti#ity of this Act. The National Library shall ha#e the po%er to collect, for the ischar"e of itsser#ices uner this Act, such fees as !ay be pro!ul"ate by it fro! ti!e to ti!e sub&ect to the appro#al of the>epart!ent <ea. 2Sec. 65, =.>. (8a3

RLE 7, Copyri"ht Safe"uars an Re"ulations

RULE 7 Re"istration an >eposit of Hor+SECTION '. Hho Bay Apply. The o%ner or assi"nee of the copyri"ht or his uly authori$e a"ent or representati#e,!ay apply for a certificate of re"istration an eposit of the %or+: =ro#ie, That if an author coul not clai! thebenefit of copyri"ht protection, his assi"nee or a"ent cannot clai! it. If the applicant is not the o%ner or author orassi"nee of the %or+, he shall be re4uire to sub!it his authority to apply. An assi"nee is a person to %ho! an author!ay assi"n copyri"ht in %hole or in part. The assi"nee is entitle to all the ri"hts an re!eies %hich the assi"nor has%ith respect to the copyri"ht. Althou"h no copyri"ht shoul subsist in any %or+ of the "o#ern!ent, any e!ployee !ayclai! it by sub!ittin" for re"istration any %or+ that has been create urin" the ti!e of his e!ploy!ent but %hichoes not for! part of his re"ularly prescribe official uties.

SECTION 5. Ientification of Author or Authors. An application for copyri"ht certificate shall ientify the author orauthors, as far as practicable, %ithout pre&uice to the pro#isions of SECTIONs ''.5 an '8 of the I=C.

SECTION ;. Non*Resient Applicant. A non*resient applicant shall appoint a resient a"ent, by special po%er of attorney 2S=A3, %ho shall be authori$e to pursue the copyri"ht application for hisDherDits behalf %ith TNL anDor theSCL an to recei#e ser#ice of notice or other le"al process relatin" to the application an the copyri"ht. In the e#ent of eath, absence or incapacity of the resient a"ent, the applicant shall appoint a ne% resient a"ent, by S=A %ithre#ocation of the prior S=A, an file notice an a copy thereof %ith TNL anDor the SCL.

SECTION (. Hor+s That Shall 9e Re"istere an >eposite. T%o 253 copies or reprouctions of the follo%in" classesof %or+s, an transfers an assi"n!ents relate thereto, shall be re"istere an eposite %ith TNL Copyri"ht >i#isionan another t%o 253 copies %ith the SCL:

9oo+s, pa!phlets, ARTICLEs an other %ritin"s/

10



=erioicals an ne%spapers/ Lectures, ser!ons, aresses, issertations prepare for oral eli#ery %hether or not reuce in %ritin" or

other !aterial for!/ Letters/ Busical co!positions %ith or %ithout %ors.

SECTION 7. Replicas an =ictures. )or practical purposes, only replicas an pictures of the follo%in" classes of %or+s, shall be re"istere an eposite %ith TNL Copyri"ht >i#ision:

Hor+s of ra%in", paintin", architecture, sculpture, en"ra#in", litho"raphy or other %or+s of art, !oels oresi"ns for %or+s of art/

Ori"inal orna!ental esi"ns or !oels for ARTICLEs of !anufacture, %hether or not re"isterable as an

inustrial esi"n, an other %or+s of applie art/ Illustrations, !aps, plans, s+etches, charts an three*i!ensional %or+s relati#e to "eo"raphy, topo"raphy,

architecture or science/ >ra%in"s or plastic %or+s of a scientific or technical character.

SECTION 6. Hor+s that Bay be Re"istere an >eposite. The follo%in" %or+s !ay be re"istere an eposite: >ra!atic or ra!atic*!usical co!positions, choreo"raphic %or+s or entertain!ent in sho%s/ =hoto"raphic %or+s incluin" %or+s prouce by a process analo"ous to photo"raphy, lantern slies/ Auio#isual %or+s an cine!ato"raphic %or+s an %or+s prouce by a process analo"ous to

cine!ato"raphy or any process for !a+in" auio*#isual recorin"s/ =ictorial illustrations an a#ertise!ents/ Co!puter pro"ra!s/ Other literary, scholarly, scientific an artistic %or+s/ Soun recorin"s/ 9roacast recorin"s.

SECTION . Hhen to Re"ister an >eposit. The re"istration an eposit of copies or reprouctions of the %or+ or%or+s, usin" the prescribe for!, shall be !ae personally or by re"istere !ail %ithin three 2;3 %ee+s after the firstpublic isse!ination or publication as authori$e by the author.

'-. Infrin"e!enta. >efinitionb. Re!eies

SECTIONs 55'*55(/ Sec. ;/ Sec. '-.5/ Sec. 5'6*55-/ Sec. 557*556/ Sec. 5;', I=C

SECTION 221. Points of Attachment for Works under SC%-O&s 123 and 124. * 55'.'. The protection affore by thisAct to copyri"htable %or+s uner SECTIONs '5 an '; shall apply to:

2a3 Hor+s of authors %ho are nationals of, or ha#e their habitual resience in, the =hilippines/

2b3 Auio*#isual %or+s the proucer of %hich has his hea4uarters or habitual resience in the =hilippines/

2c3 Hor+s of architecture erecte in the =hilippines or other artistic %or+s incorporate in a builin" or otherstructure locate in the =hilippines/

23 Hor+s first publishe in the =hilippines/ an

2e3 Hor+s first publishe in another country but also publishe in the =hilippines %ithin thirty ays,irrespecti#e of the nationality or resience of the authors.

55'.5. The pro#isions of this Act shall also apply to %or+s that are to be protecte by #irtue of an in accorance %ithany international con#ention or other international a"ree!ent to %hich the =hilippines is a party. 2n3

SECTION 222. Points of Attachment for Performers. * The pro#isions of this Act on the protection of perfor!ers shallapply to:

555.'. =erfor!ers %ho are nationals of the =hilippines/

555.5. =erfor!ers %ho are not nationals of the =hilippines but %hose perfor!ances:

2a3 Ta+e place in the =hilippines/ or

2b3 Are incorporate in soun recorin"s that are protecte uner this Act/ or

2c3 Hhich has not been fi1e in soun recorin" but are carrie by broacast 4ualifyin" for protection unerthis Act. 2n3

SECTION 223. Points of Attachment for Sound $ecordings. * The pro#isions of this Act on the protection of sounrecorin"s shall apply to:

55;.'. Soun recorin"s the proucers of %hich are nationals of the =hilippines/ an

55;.5. Soun recorin"s that %ere first publishe in the =hilippines. 2n3

SECTION 224. Points of Attachment for /roadcasts. * 55(.'. The pro#isions of this Act on the protection ofbroacasts shall apply to:

2a3 9roacasts of broacastin" or"ani$ations the hea4uarters of %hich are situate in the =hilippines/ an

2b3 9roacasts trans!itte fro! trans!itters situate in the =hilippines.

55(.5. The pro#isions of this Act shall also apply to perfor!ers %ho, an to proucers of soun recorin"s anbroacastin" or"ani$ations %hich, are to be protecte by #irtue of an in accorance %ith any international con#entionor other international a"ree!ent to %hich the =hilippines is a party. 2n3

11



SECTION 3. -nternational Conventions and $eciprocity . * Any person %ho is a national or %ho is o!icile or has areal an effecti#e inustrial establish!ent in a country %hich is a party to any con#ention, treaty or a"ree!ent relatin"to intellectual property ri"hts or the repression of unfair co!petition, to %hich the =hilippines is also a party, or e1tensreciprocal ri"hts to nationals of the =hilippines by la%, shall be entitle to benefits to the e1tent necessary to "i#eeffect to any pro#ision of such con#ention, treaty or reciprocal la%, in aition to the ri"hts to %hich any o%ner of anintellectual property ri"ht is other%ise entitle by this Act. 2n3

SECTION '-.5. 2a3 E1ercise ori"inal &urisiction in a!inistrati#e co!plaints for #iolations of la%s in#ol#in" intellectualproperty ri"hts: =ro#ie, That its &urisiction is li!ite to co!plaints %here the total a!a"es clai!e are not lessthan T%o hunre thousan pesos 2=5--,---3: =ro#ie further, That a#ail!ent of the pro#isional re!eies !ay be"rante in accorance %ith the RLEs of Court. The >irector of Le"al Affairs shall ha#e the po%er to hol an punishfor conte!pt all those %ho isre"ar orers or %rits issue in the course of the proceein"s. 2n3

2b3 After for!al in#esti"ation, the >irector for Le"al Affairs !ay i!pose one 2'3 or !ore of the follo%in"a!inistrati#e penalties:

2i3 The issuance of a cease an esist orer %hich shall specify the acts that the responent shallcease an esist fro! an shall re4uire hi! to sub!it a co!pliance report %ithin a reasonable ti!e%hich shall be fi1e in the orer/

2ii3 The acceptance of a #oluntary assurance of co!pliance or iscontinuance as !ay be i!pose.Such #oluntary assurance !ay inclue one or !ore of the follo%in":

2'3 An assurance to co!ply %ith the pro#isions of the intellectual property la% #iolate/

253 An assurance to refrain fro! en"a"in" in unla%ful an unfair acts an practices sub&ect of

the for!al in#esti"ation/

2;3 An assurance to recall, replace, repair, or refun the !oney #alue of efecti#e "oosistribute in co!!erce/ an

2(3 An assurance to rei!burse the co!plainant the e1penses an costs incurre inprosecutin" the case in the 9ureau of Le"al Affairs.

The >irector of Le"al Affairs !ay also re4uire the responent to sub!it perioic co!pliance reportsan file a bon to "uarantee co!pliance of his unerta+in"/

2iii3 The cone!nation or sei$ure of proucts %hich are sub&ect of the offense. The "oos sei$ehereuner shall be ispose of in such !anner as !ay be ee!e appropriate by the >irector ofLe"al Affairs, such as by sale, onation to istresse local "o#ern!ents or to charitable or reliefinstitutions, e1portation, recyclin" into other "oos, or any co!bination thereof, uner such

"uielines as he !ay pro#ie/

2i#3 The forfeiture of paraphernalia an all real an personal properties %hich ha#e been use in theco!!ission of the offense/

2#3 The i!position of a!inistrati#e fines in such a!ount as ee!e reasonable by the >irector ofLe"al Affairs, %hich shall in no case be less than )i#e thousan pesos 2=7,---3 nor !ore than Onehunre fifty thousan pesos 2='7-,---3. In aition, an aitional fine of not !ore than Onethousan pesos 2=',---3 shall be i!pose for each ay of continuin" #iolation/

2#i3 The cancellation of any per!it, license, authority, or re"istration %hich !ay ha#e been "rante bythe Office, or the suspension of the #aliity thereof for such perio of ti!e as the >irector of Le"alAffairs !ay ee! reasonable %hich shall not e1cee one 2'3 year/

2#ii3 The %ithholin" of any per!it, license, authority, or re"istration %hich is bein" secure by the

responent fro! the Office/

2#iii3 The assess!ent of a!a"es/

2i13 Censure/ an

213 Other analo"ous penalties or sanctions. 2Secs. 6, , , an 8, E1ecuti#e Orer No. 8'; M'8;a3

IN!RINGE"ENT

SECTION 216. $emedies for -nfringement . * 5'6.'. Any person infrin"in" a ri"ht protecte uner this la% shall beliable:

2a3 To an in&unction restrainin" such infrin"e!ent. The court !ay also orer the efenant to esist fro! aninfrin"e!ent, a!on" others, to pre#ent the entry into the channels of co!!erce of i!porte "oos that

in#ol#e an infrin"e!ent, i!!eiately after custo!s clearance of such "oos.

2b3 =ay to the copyri"ht proprietor or his assi"ns or heirs such actual a!a"es, incluin" le"al costs an othere1penses, as he !ay ha#e incurre ue to the infrin"e!ent as %ell as the profits the infrin"er !ay ha#e !aeue to such infrin"e!ent, an in pro#in" profits the plaintiff shall be re4uire to pro#e sales only an theefenant shall be re4uire to pro#e e#ery ele!ent of cost %hich he clai!s, or, in lieu of actual a!a"es anprofits, such a!a"es %hich to the court shall appear to be &ust an shall not be re"are as penalty.

2c3 >eli#er uner oath, for i!pounin" urin" the penency of the action, upon such ter!s an conitions asthe court !ay prescribe, sales in#oices an other ocu!ents e#iencin" sales, all ARTICLEs an theirpac+a"in" alle"e to infrin"e a copyri"ht an i!ple!ents for !a+in" the!.

12



23 >eli#er uner oath for estruction %ithout any co!pensation all infrin"in" copies or e#ices, as %ell as allplates, !ols, or other !eans for !a+in" such infrin"in" copies as the court !ay orer.

2e3 Such other ter!s an conitions, incluin" the pay!ent of !oral an e1e!plary a!a"es, %hich the court!ay ee! proper, %ise an e4uitable an the estruction of infrin"in" copies of the %or+ e#en in the e#ent ofac4uittal in a cri!inal case.

5'6.5. In an infrin"e!ent action, the court shall also ha#e the po%er to orer the sei$ure an i!pounin" of anyARTICLE %hich !ay ser#e as e#ience in the court proceein"s. 2Sec. 5, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 217. Criminal Penalties. * 5'.'. Any person infrin"in" any ri"ht secure by pro#isions of =art I of this Act

or aiin" or abettin" such infrin"e!ent shall be "uilty of a cri!e punishable by:

2a3 I!prison!ent of one 2'3 year to three 2;3 years plus a fine ran"in" fro! )ifty thousan pesos 2=7-,---3to One hunre fifty thousan pesos 2='7-,---3 for the first offense.

2b3 I!prison!ent of three 2;3 years an one 2'3 ay to si1 263 years plus a fine ran"in" fro! One hunrefifty thousan pesos 2='7-,---3 to )i#e hunre thousan pesos 2=7--,---3 for the secon offense.

2c3 I!prison!ent of si1 263 years an one 2'3 ay to nine 283 years plus a fine ran"in" fro! fi#e hunrethousan pesos 2=7--,---3 to One !illion fi#e hunre thousan pesos 2=',7--,---3 for the thir ansubse4uent offenses.

23 In all cases, subsiiary i!prison!ent in cases of insol#ency.

5'.5. In eter!inin" the nu!ber of years of i!prison!ent an the a!ount of fine, the court shall consier the #alue

of the infrin"in" !aterials that the efenant has prouce or !anufacture an the a!a"e that the copyri"ht o%nerhas suffere by reason of the infrin"e!ent.

5'.;. Any person %ho at the ti!e %hen copyri"ht subsists in a %or+ has in his possession an ARTICLE %hich he+no%s, or ou"ht to +no%, to be an infrin"in" copy of the %or+ for the purpose of:

2a3 Sellin", lettin" for hire, or by %ay of trae offerin" or e1posin" for sale, or hire, the ARTICLE/

2b3 >istributin" the ARTICLE for purpose of trae, or for any other purpose to an e1tent that %ill pre&uice theri"hts of the copyri"ht o%ner in the %or+/ or

2c3 Trae e1hibit of the ARTICLE in public, shall be "uilty of an offense an shall be liable on con#iction toi!prison!ent an fine as abo#e !entione. 2Sec. 58, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 218. Affidavit vidence. * 5'.'. In an action uner this Chapter, an affia#it !ae before a notary public

by or on behalf of the o%ner of the copyri"ht in any %or+ or other sub&ect !atter an statin" that:

2a3 At the ti!e specifie therein, copyri"ht subsiste in the %or+ or other sub&ect !atter/

2b3 <e or the person na!e therein is the o%ner of the copyri"ht/ an

2c3 The copy of the %or+ or other sub&ect !atter anne1e thereto is a true copy thereof, shall be a!itte ine#ience in any proceein"s for an offense uner this Chapter an shall be pri!a facie proof of the !atterstherein state until the contrary is pro#e, an the court before %hich such affia#it is prouce shall assu!ethat the affia#it %as !ae by or on behalf of the o%ner of the copyri"ht.

5'.5. In an action uner this Chapter:

2a3 Copyri"ht shall be presu!e to subsist in the %or+ or other sub&ect !atter to %hich the action relates ifthe efenant oes not put in issue the 4uestion %hether copyri"ht subsists in the %or+ or other sub&ect!atter/ an

2b3 Hhere the subsistence of the copyri"ht is establishe, the plaintiff shall be presu!e to be the o%ner ofthe copyri"ht if he clai!s to be the o%ner of the copyri"ht an the efenant oes not put in issue the4uestion of his o%nership.

2c3 Hhere the efenant, %ithout "oo faith, puts in issue the 4uestions of %hether copyri"ht subsists in a%or+ or other sub&ect !atter to %hich the action relates, or the o%nership of copyri"ht in such %or+ or sub&ect!atter, thereby occasionin" unnecessary costs or elay in the proceein"s, the court !ay irect that anycosts to the efenant in respect of the action shall not be allo%e by hi! an that any costs occasione bythe efenant to other parties shall be pai by hi! to such other parties. 2n3

SECTION 219. Presumption of Authorship. * 5'8.'. The natural person %hose na!e is inicate on a %or+ in theusual !anner as the author shall, in the absence of proof to the contrary, be presu!e to be the author of the %or+.This pro#ision shall be applicable e#en if the na!e is a pseuony!, %here the pseuony! lea#es no oubt as to theientity of the author.

5'8.5. The person or boy corporate %hose na!e appears on a auio*#isual %or+ in the usual !anner shall, in theabsence of proof to the contrary, be presu!e to be the !a+er of sai %or+. 2n3

SECTION 220. -nternational $egistration of Works. * A state!ent concernin" a %or+, recore in an internationalre"ister in accorance %ith an international treaty to %hich the =hilippines is or !ay beco!e a party, shall beconstrue as true until the contrary is pro#e e1cept:

55-.'. Hhere the state!ent cannot be #ali uner this Act or any other la% concernin" intellectual property.

55-.5. Hhere the state!ent is contraicte by another state!ent recore in the international re"ister. 2n3

13



INSTITUTION O! ACTIONS

SECTION 225. 5urisdiction. * Hithout pre&uice to the pro#isions of SubSECTION .'2c3, actions uner this Act shallbe co"ni$able by the courts %ith appropriate &urisiction uner e1istin" la%. 2Sec. 7, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 226. Damages. * No a!a"es !ay be reco#ere uner this Act after four 2(3 years fro! the ti!e the causeof action arose. 2Sec. 7, =.>. No. (83

SECTION 231. $everse $eciprocity of "oreign #aws. * Any conition, restriction, li!itation, i!inution, re4uire!ent,penalty or any si!ilar buren i!pose by the la% of a forei"n country on a =hilippine national see+in" protection ofintellectual property ri"hts in that country, shall reciprocally be enforceable upon nationals of sai country, %ithin=hilippine &urisiction. 2n3

RULE #$ S%&'() &$* S%i+,'% i$ Ci-i A(/i#$ #' I$'i$%%$/ # I$/%%(/,&P'#%'/ Ri)/ A.". N#. 02106SC )printed separately*

RULE # P'#(%*,'% #' I$/%%(/,& P'#%'/ Ri)/ C&% A.". N#. 10310SC i,%* #$ 3 O(/#%' 2011

01th Centur) (o2 v. CA, '6( SCRA 677 2'83Cou#$"a '"&ture!/ In&. v. Court of Appea!, 5; SCRA ;6 2'88(3

Cou#$"a '"&ture! v. Court of Appea!, 56' SCRA '(( 2'8863'eope v. Ra#o!, ; SCRA ' 2'83Serrano La3ta v. 'ag"naan, (( =hil. 77Ha$ana v. Ro$e!/ ;'- SCRA 7'' 2'8883 ,oa-u"n v. Dr"on, ;-5 SCRA 557 2'8883'ear 4 Dean v. Shoe#art , 678 SC$A 341 )3774*

%"&ro!oft Corporat"on and Ado$e S)!te#! In&. v!. Sa#"r (ara+aah/ et a. : G.R. No.5-7--, Septe!ber '-, 5-'(

9. Relate Ri"hts'. Boral Ri"hts

SECTIONs '8;*'88, I=C

SECTION 193. Scope of oral $ights. * The author of a %or+ shall, inepenently of the econo!ic ri"hts in SECTION' or the "rant of an assi"n!ent or license %ith respect to such ri"ht, ha#e the ri"ht:

'8;.'. To re4uire that the authorship of the %or+s be attribute to hi!, in particular, the ri"ht that his na!e, as far aspracticable, be inicate in a pro!inent %ay on the copies, an in connection %ith the public use of his %or+/

'8;.5. To !a+e any alterations of his %or+ prior to, or to %ithhol it fro! publication/

'8;.;. To ob&ect to any istortion, !utilation or other !oification of, or other ero"atory action in relation to, his %or+%hich %oul be pre&uicial to his honor or reputation/ an

'8;.(. To restrain the use of his na!e %ith respect to any %or+ not of his o%n creation or in a istorte #ersion of his%or+. 2Sec. ;(, =.>. No. (83

SECTION 194. /reach of Contract . * An author cannot be co!pelle to perfor! his contract to create a %or+ or forthe publication of his %or+ alreay in e1istence. <o%e#er, he !ay be hel liable for a!a"es for breach of suchcontract. 2Sec. ;7, =.>. No. (83

SECTION 195. Waiver of oral $ights. * An author !ay %ai#e his ri"hts !entione in SECTION '8; by a %ritteninstru!ent, but no such %ai#er shall be #ali %here its effects is to per!it another:

'87.'. To use the na!e of the author, or the title of his %or+, or other%ise to !a+e use of his reputation %ith respectto any #ersion or aaptation of his %or+ %hich, because of alterations therein, %oul substantially ten to in&ure theliterary or artistic reputation of another author/ or

'87.5. To use the na!e of the author %ith respect to a %or+ he i not create. 2Sec. ;6, =.>. No. (83

SECTION 196. Contribution to Collective Work . * Hhen an author contributes to a collecti#e %or+, his ri"ht to ha#ehis contribution attribute to hi! is ee!e %ai#e unless he e1pressly reser#es it. 2Sec. ;, =.>. No. (83

SECTION 197. diting, Arranging and Adaptation of Work . * In the absence of a contrary stipulation at the ti!e anauthor licenses or per!its another to use his %or+, the necessary eitin", arran"in" or aaptation of such %or+, forpublication, broacast, use in a !otion picture, ra!ati$ation, or !echanical or electrical reprouction in accorance%ith the reasonable an custo!ary stanars or re4uire!ents of the !eiu! in %hich the %or+ is to be use, shall notbe ee!e to contra#ene the authors ri"hts secure by this chapter. Nor shall co!plete estruction of a %or+unconitionally transferre by the author be ee!e to #iolate such ri"hts. 2Sec. ;, =.>. No. (83

SECTION 198. %erm of oral $ights. * '8.'. The ri"hts of an author uner this chapter shall last urin" the lifeti!eof the author an for fifty 27-3 years after his eath an shall not be assi"nable or sub&ect to license. The person or

persons to be char"e %ith the posthu!ous enforce!ent of these ri"hts shall be na!e in %ritin" to be file %ith theNational Library. In efault of such person or persons, such enforce!ent shall e#ol#e upon either the authors heirs,an in efault of the heirs, the >irector of the National Library.

'8.5. )or purposes of this SECTION, @=erson@ shall !ean any ini#iual, partnership, corporation, association, orsociety. The >irector of the National Library !ay prescribe reasonable fees to be char"e for his ser#ices in theapplication of pro#isions of this SECTION. 2Sec. ;8, =.>. No. (83

SECTION 199. nforcement $emedies. * iolation of any of the ri"hts conferre by this Chapter shall entitle thosechar"e %ith their enforce!ent to the sa!e ri"hts an re!eies a#ailable to a copyri"ht o%ner. In aition, a!a"es%hich !ay be a#aile of uner the Ci#il Coe !ay also be reco#ere. Any a!a"e reco#ere after the creators eath

14



shall be hel in trust for an re!itte to his heirs, an in efault of the heirs, shall belon" to the "o#ern!ent. 2Sec. (-,= > No. (83

5. Ri"ht to =rocees in Subse4uent Transfers 2>roit >e Suite or )ollo% p Ri"hts3SECTIONs 5--*5-', I=C

SECTION 200. Sale or #ease of Work . * In e#ery sale or lease of an ori"inal %or+ of paintin" or sculpture or of theori"inal !anuscript of a %riter or co!poser, subse4uent to the first isposition thereof by the author, the author or hisheirs shall ha#e an inalienable ri"ht to participate in the "ross procees of the sale or lease to the e1tent of fi#epercent 273. This ri"ht shall e1ist urin" the lifeti!e of the author an for fifty 27-3 years after his eath. 2Sec. ;',=.>. No. (83

SECTION 201. Works &ot Covered . * The pro#isions of this Chapter shall not apply to prints, etchin"s, en"ra#in"s,%or+s of applie art, or %or+s of si!ilar +in %herein the author pri!arily eri#es "ain fro! the procees ofreprouctions. 2Sec. ;;, =.>. No. (83

; Nei"hborin" Ri"htsSec. 5-5, I=C

SECTION 202. Definitions. * )or the purpose of this Act, the follo%in" ter!s shall ha#e the follo%in" !eanin"s:

5-5.'. @=erfor!ers@ are actors, sin"ers, !usicians, ancers, an other persons %ho act, sin", eclai!, play in,interpret, or other%ise perfor! literary an artistic %or+/

5-5.5. @Soun recorin"@ !eans the fi1ation of the souns of a perfor!ance or of other souns, or representation ofsoun, other than in the for! of a fi1ation incorporate in a cine!ato"raphic or other auio#isual %or+/

5-5.;. An @auio#isual %or+ or fi1ation@ is a %or+ that consists of a series of relate i!a"es %hich i!part the

i!pression of !otion, %ith or %ithout acco!panyin" souns, susceptible of bein" !ae #isible an, %hereacco!panie by souns, susceptible of bein" !ae auible/

5-5.(. @)i1ation@ !eans the e!boi!ent of souns, or of the representations thereof, fro! %hich they can bepercei#e, reprouce or co!!unicate throu"h a e#ice/

5-5. 7. @=roucer of a soun recorin"@ !eans the person, or the le"al entity, %ho or %hich ta+es the initiati#e anhas the responsibility for the first fi1ation of the souns of a perfor!ance or other souns, or the representation ofsouns/

5-5.6. @=ublication of a fi1e perfor!ance or a soun recorin"@ !eans the offerin" of copies of the fi1e perfor!anceor the soun recorin" to the public, %ith the consent of the ri"ht holer: =ro#ie, That copies are offere to thepublic in reasonable 4uality/

5-5.. @9roacastin"@ !eans the trans!ission by %ireless !eans for the public reception of souns or of i!a"es or of

representations thereof/ such trans!ission by satellite is also @broacastin"@ %here the !eans for ecryptin" arepro#ie to the public by the broacastin" or"ani$ation or %ith its consent/

5-5.. @9roacastin" or"ani$ation@ shall inclue a natural person or a &uriical entity uly authori$e to en"a"e inbroacastin"/ an

5-5.8 @Co!!unication to the public of a perfor!ance or a soun recorin"@ !eans the trans!ission to the public, byany !eiu!, other%ise than by broacastin", of souns of a perfor!ance or the representations of souns fi1e in asoun recorin". )or purposes of SECTION 5-8, @co!!unication to the public@ inclues !a+in" the souns orrepresentations of souns fi1e in a soun recorin" auible to the public.

Sec. 5'5, I=C

SECTION 212. #imitations on $ights. * SECTIONs 5-;, 5- an 5-8 shall not apply %here the acts referre to inthose SECTIONs are relate to:

5'5.'. The use by a natural person e1clusi#ely for his o%n personal purposes/

5'5.5. sin" short e1cerpts for reportin" current e#ents/

5'5.;. se solely for the purpose of teachin" or for scientific research/ an

5'5.(. )air use of the broacast sub&ect to the conitions uner SECTION '7. 2Sec. ((, =.>. No. (8a3

a. Ri"hts of =erfor!ersSECTIONs 5-;*5-, Sec. 5'7, I=C

SECTION 203. Scope of Performers9 $ights. * Sub&ect to the pro#isions of SECTION 5'5, perfor!ers shall en&oy thefollo%in" e1clusi#e ri"hts:

5-;.'. As re"ars their perfor!ances, the ri"ht of authori$in":

2a3 The broacastin" an other co!!unication to the public of their perfor!ance/ an

2b3 The fi1ation of their unfi1e perfor!ance.

5-;.5. The ri"ht of authori$in" the irect or inirect reprouction of their perfor!ances fi1e in soun recorin"s, inany !anner or for!/

5-;.;. Sub&ect to the pro#isions of SECTION 5-6, the ri"ht of authori$in" the first public istribution of the ori"inal ancopies of their perfor!ance fi1e in the soun recorin" throu"h sale or rental or other for!s of transfer of o%nership/

5-;.(. The ri"ht of authori$in" the co!!ercial rental to the public of the ori"inal an copies of their perfor!ancesfi1e in soun recorin"s, e#en after istribution of the! by, or pursuant to the authori$ation by the perfor!er/ an

15



5-;.7. The ri"ht of authori$in" the !a+in" a#ailable to the public of their perfor!ances fi1e in soun recorin"s, by%ire or %ireless !eans, in such a %ay that !e!bers of the public !ay access the! fro! a place an ti!e ini#iuallychosen by the!. 2Sec. (5, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 204. oral $ights of Performers. * 5-(.'. Inepenently of a perfor!ers econo!ic ri"hts, the perfor!er,shall, as re"ars his li#e aural perfor!ances or perfor!ances fi1e in soun recorin"s, ha#e the ri"ht to clai! to beientifie as the perfor!er of his perfor!ances, e1cept %here the o!ission is ictate by the !anner of the use of theperfor!ance, an to ob&ect to any istortion, !utilation or other !oification of his perfor!ances that %oul bepre&uicial to his reputation.

5-(.5. The ri"hts "rante to a perfor!er in accorance %ith SubSECTION 5-;.' shall be !aintaine an e1ercise fifty

27-3 years after his eath, by his heirs, an in efault of heirs, the "o#ern!ent, %here protection is clai!e. 2Sec. (;,=.>. No. (83

SECTION 205. #imitation on $ight . * 5-7.'. Sub&ect to the pro#isions of SECTION 5-6, once the perfor!er hasauthori$e the broacastin" or fi1ation of his perfor!ance, the pro#isions of SECTIONs 5-; shall ha#e no furtherapplication.

5-7.5. The pro#isions of SECTION '( an SECTION '7 shall apply !utatis !utanis to perfor!ers. 2n3

SECTION 206. Additional $emuneration for Subse:uent Communications or /roadcasts. * nless other%ise pro#iein the contract, in e#ery co!!unication to the public or broacast of a perfor!ance subse4uent to the firstco!!unication or broacast thereof by the broacastin" or"ani$ation, the perfor!er shall be entitle to an aitionalre!uneration e4ui#alent to at least fi#e percent 273 of the ori"inal co!pensation he or she recei#e for the firstco!!unication or broacast. 2n3

SECTION 207. Contract %erms. * Nothin" in this Chapter shall be construe to epri#e perfor!ers of the ri"ht toa"ree by contracts on ter!s an conitions !ore fa#orable for the! in respect of any use of their perfor!ance. 2n3

SECTION 215. %erm of Protection for Performers, Producers and /roadcasting Organi;ations. * 5'7.'. The ri"hts"rante to perfor!ers an proucers of soun recorin"s uner this la% shall e1pire:

2a3 )or perfor!ances not incorporate in recorin"s, fifty 27-3 years fro! the en of the year in %hich theperfor!ance too+ place/ an

2b3 )or soun or i!a"e an soun recorin"s an for perfor!ances incorporate therein, fifty 27-3 years fro!the en of the year in %hich the recorin" too+ place.

5'7.5. In case of broacasts, the ter! shall be t%enty 25-3 years fro! the ate the broacast too+ place. Thee1tene ter! shall be applie only to ol %or+s %ith subsistin" protection uner the prior la%. 2Sec. 77, =.>. No. (8a3

b. Ri"hts of =roucers of Soun Recorin"

SECTIONs 5-*5'-, Sec. 5'7, I=C

SECTION 208. Scope of $ight . * Sub&ect to the pro#isions of SECTION 5'5, proucers of soun recorin"s shall en&oythe follo%in" e1clusi#e ri"hts:

5-.'. The ri"ht to authori$e the irect or inirect reprouction of their soun recorin"s, in any !anner or for!/ theplacin" of these reprouctions in the !ar+et an the ri"ht of rental or lenin"/

5-.5. The ri"ht to authori$e the first public istribution of the ori"inal an copies of their soun recorin"s throu"hsale or rental or other for!s of transferrin" o%nership/ an

5-.;. The ri"ht to authori$e the co!!ercial rental to the public of the ori"inal an copies of their soun recorin"s,e#en after istribution by the! by or pursuant to authori$ation by the proucer. 2Sec. (6, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 209. Communication to the Public . * If a soun recorin" publishe for co!!ercial purposes, or areprouction of such soun recorin", is use irectly for broacastin" or for other co!!unication to the public, or ispublicly perfor!e %ith the intention of !a+in" an enhancin" profit, a sin"le e4uitable re!uneration for theperfor!er or perfor!ers, an the proucer of the soun recorin" shall be pai by the user to both the perfor!ers anthe proucer, %ho, in the absence of any a"ree!ent shall share e4ually. 2Sec. (, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 210. #imitation of $ight . * SECTIONs '( an '7 shall apply !utatis !utanis to the proucer of sounrecorin"s. 2Sec. (, =.>. No. (8a3

SECTION 215. %erm of Protection for Performers, Producers and /roadcasting Organi;ations. * 5'7.'. The ri"hts"rante to perfor!ers an proucers of soun recorin"s uner this la% shall e1pire:

2a3 )or perfor!ances not incorporate in recorin"s, fifty 27-3 years fro! the en of the year in %hich theperfor!ance too+ place/ an

2b3 )or soun or i!a"e an soun recorin"s an for perfor!ances incorporate therein, fifty 27-3 years fro!the en of the year in %hich the recorin" too+ place.


c. Ri"hts of 9roacastin" Or"ani$ationsSECTIONs 5'', 5'7.5, I=C

SECTION 211. Scope of $ight . * Sub&ect to the pro#isions of SECTION 5'5, broacastin" or"ani$ations shall en&oy thee1clusi#e ri"ht to carry out, authori$e or pre#ent any of the follo%in" acts:

5''.'. The rebroacastin" of their broacasts/

16



5''.5. The recorin" in any !anner, incluin" the !a+in" of fil!s or the use of #ieo tape, of their broacasts for thepurpose of co!!unication to the public of tele#ision broacasts of the sa!e/ an

5''.;. The use of such recors for fresh trans!issions or for fresh recorin". 2Sec. 75, =.>. No. (83


A*S5C*N *road&a!t"ng v!. 'h""pp"ne %ut"5%ed"a S)!te#/ G.R. Nos. '768*-, ?anuary '8, 5--8.

C. =.>. No. 57 )printed separately*Sec. 5;8, I=C

SECTION 239. $epeals. * 5;8.'. All Acts an parts of Acts inconsistent here%ith, !ore particularly Republic Act No.'67, as a!ene/ Republic Act No. '66, as a!ene/ an ARTICLEs ' an '8 of the Re#ise =enal Coe/=resiential >ecree No. (8, incluin" =resiential >ecree No. 57, as a!ene, are hereby repeale.

5;8.5. Bar+s re"istere uner Republic Act No. '66 shall re!ain in force but shall be ee!e to ha#e been "ranteuner this Act an shall be ue for rene%al %ithin the perio pro#ie for uner this Act an, upon rene%al shall bereclassifie in accorance %ith the International Classification. Trae na!es an !ar+s re"istere in the Supple!entalRe"ister uner Republic Act No. '66 shall re!ain in force but shall no lon"er be sub&ect to rene%al.

5;8.;. The pro#isions of this Act shall apply to %or+s in %hich copyri"ht protection obtaine prior to the effecti#ity ofthis Act is subsistin": =ro#ie, That the application of this Act shall not result in the i!inution of such protection. 2n3

IV. LAW ON TRADE"ARS: TRADENA"ES AND SERVICE "ARS

A. Le"islati#e <istoryRepublic Act No. '66

R%,i( A(/ N#. 166 ;,$% 20: 1947

AN ACT TO PROVIDE !OR THE REGISTRATION AND PROTECTION O! TRADE"ARS: TRADENA"ES ANDSERVICE"ARS: DE!INING UN!AIR CO"PETITION AND !ALSE "ARING AND PROVIDING RE"EDIESAGAINST THE SA"E: AND !OR OTHER PURPOSES

CHAPTER I P#<%': D,/i% &$* !,$(/i#$ # P&/%$/ Oi(%

S%(/i#$ 1. Tran!fer of poer! fro# *ureau of Co##er&e to 'atent Off"&e . * The po%ers, uties an functions#este in, or perfor!e an e1ercise by, the 9ureau of Co!!erce in connection %ith the re"istration of trae*!ar+s,trae*na!es an other !ar+s are hereby transferre to the =atent Office. The a!inistration of this Act shall e#ol#eupon the =atent Office.

All boo+s, recors, ocu!ents an files of the 9ureau of Co!!erce relatin" to trae*!ar+s, trae*na!es an other!ar+s, an such personnel of the sai 9ureau as is no% ischar"in" the functions or perfor!in" the uties of the9ureau of Co!!erce in connection %ith the re"istration of trae*!ar+s, trae*na!es an other !ar+s to"ether %iththe corresponin" appropriation, are transferre to the =atent Office, an the 9u"et Co!!issioner shall !a+ei!!eiate pro#ision for such transfer.

CHAPTER II R%i/'&/i#$ # "&'= &$* T'&*%N&%

S%(/i#$ 2. 6hat are reg"!tra$e. * Trae*!ar+s, trae*na!es an ser#ice*!ar+s !ay be re"istere in accorance%ith the pro#isions of this Act.

17



S%(/i#$ 3. App"&at"on $) non5re!"dent!. * Any person filin" an application for the re"istration of a !ar+ or trae*na!e, %ho is not a resient of the =hilippines, !ust appoint an a"ent or representati#e in the =hilippines upon %ho!notice or process relatin" to the application or re"istration of the !ar+ or trae*na!e !ay be ser#e. In the e#ent ofeath, absence or inability of the a"ent or representati#e, a ne% a"ent or representati#e !ust be appointe, annotice thereof !ust be file in the =atent Office. pon failure to !aintain an a"ent or representati#e of recor in the=atent Office, ser#ice on the >irector shall be ee!e sufficient.

S%(/i#$ 4. Reg"!trat"on of trade5#ar3!/ trade5na#e! and !erv"&e5#ar3!. * The o%ner of a trae*!ar+, trae*na!e or ser#ice*!ar+ use to istin"uish his "oos, business or ser#ices fro! the "oos, business or ser#ices ofothers shall ha#e the ri"ht to re"ister the sa!e, unless it:

2a3 Consists of or co!prises i!!oral, ecepti#e or scanalous !atter/ or !atter %hich !ay ispara"e orfalsely su""est a connection %ith persons, li#in" or ea, institutions, beliefs, or national sy!bols, or brin"the! into conte!pt or isrepute/

2b3 Consists of or co!prises the fla" or coat of ar!s or other insi"nia of the =hilippines or any of its politicalsubi#isions, or of any forei"n nation, or any si!ulation thereof/

2c3 Consists of or co!prises a na!e, portrait, or si"nature ientifyin" a particular li#in" ini#iual e1cept byhis %ritten consent, or the na!e, si"nature, or portrait of a ecease =resient of the =hilippines, urin" thelife of his %io%, if any, e1cept by the %ritten consent of the %io%/

23 Consists of or co!prises a !ar+ or trae*na!e %hich so rese!bles a !ar+ or trae*na!e re"istere in the=hilippines or a !ar+ or trae*na!e pre#iously use in the =hilippines by another an not abanone, as to beli+ely, %hen applie to or use in connection %ith the "oos, business or ser#ices of the applicant, to causeconfusion or !ista+e or to ecei#e purchases/ or

2e3 Consists of a !ar+ or trae*na!e %hich, %hen applie to or use in connection %ith the "oos, businessor ser#ices of the applicant is !erely escripti#e or ecepti#ely !isescripti#e of the!, or %hen applie to oruse in connection %ith the "oos, business or ser#ices of the applicant is pri!arily "eo"raphically escripti#eor ecepti#ely !isescripti#e of the!, or is pri!arily !erely a surna!e.

2f3 E1cept as e1pressly e1clue in para"raphs 2a3, 2b3, 2c3 an 23 of this section, nothin" herein shallpre#ent the re"istration of a !ar+ or trae*na!e use by the applicant %hich has beco!e istincti#e of theapplicants "oos, business or ser#ices. The >irector !ay accept as pri!a facie e#ience that the !ar+ ortrae*na!e has beco!e istincti#e, as applie to or use in connection %ith the applicants "oos, business orser#ices, proof of substantially e1clusi#e an continuous use thereof as a !ar+ or trae*na!e by the applicantin connection %ith the sale of "oos, business or ser#ices for the fi#e years ne1t precein" the ate of thefilin" of the application for its re"istration.

S%(/i#$ 5. Re-u"re#ent! of the app"&at"on. * The application for the re"istration of a !ar+ or trae*na!e shall be

in En"lish or Spanish, or in the national lan"ua"e, %ith its corresponin" En"lish translation, an si"ne by theapplicant, an shall inclue:

2a3 S%orn state!ent of the applicants o!icile an citi$enship, the ate of the applicants first use of the!ar+ or trae*na!e, the ate of the applicants first use of the !ar+ or trae*na!e in co!!erce or business,the "oos, business or ser#ices in connection %ith %hich the !ar+ or trae*na!e is use an the !oe or!anner in %hich the !ar+ is use in connection %ith such "oos, business or ser#ices, an that the person!a+in" the application belie#es hi!self, or the fir!, corporation or association on %hose behalf he !a+es the#erification, to be the o%ner of the !ar+ or trae*na!e sou"ht to be re"istere, that the !ar+ or trae*na!eis in use in co!!erce or business, an that to the best of his +no%le"e no person, fir!, corporation orassociation has the ri"ht to use such !ar+ or trae*na!e in co!!erce or business either in the ientical for!thereof or in such near rese!blance thereto as !i"ht be calculate to ecei#e/

2b3 Such nu!ber of speci!ens or facsi!iles of the !ar+ or trae*na!e as actually use as !ay be re4uireby the >irector/

2c3 =o%er of attorney, if the filin" is throu"h attorney/

23 The appoint!ent of an a"ent or representati#e, if the applicant is not o!icile in the =hilippines/ an

2e3 The re4uire fee.

S%(/i#$ 6. Ca!!"f"&at"on of good! and !erv"&e!. * The >irector shall establish a classification of "oos anser#ices, for the con#enience of the =atent Office a!inistration, but not to li!it or e1tent the applicants ri"hts. Theapplicant !ay re"ister his !ar+ or trae*na!e in one application for any of all the "oos or ser#ices inclue in oneclass, upon or in connection %ith %hich he is actually usin" the !ar+ or trae*na!e. The >irector !ay issue a sin"lecertificate for one !ar+ or trae*na!e re"istere in a plurality of classes upon pay!ent of a fee e4ualin" the su! ofthe fees for each re"istration in each class.

S%(/i#$ 7. E2a#"nat"on and pu$"&at"on. * pon the filin" of an application for re"istration an the pay!ent of there4uire fee, the >irector shall cause an e1a!ination of the application to be !ae, an, if on such e1a!ination it shall

appear that the applicant is entitle to re"istration, the >irector, upon pay!ent of the re4uire fee, shall cause the!ar+ or trae*na!e to be publishe in the Official Ga$ette.

If the applicant is foun not entitle to re"istration, the >irector shall a#ise the applicant thereof an of the reasonstherefor. The applicant shall ha#e a perio of three !onths in %hich to reply or a!en his application, %hich shall thenbe re*e1a!ine. This proceure !ay be repeate until the >irector finally refuses re"istration or the applicant fails%ithin the re4uire perio to reply or a!en or appeal, %hereupon the application shall be ee!e to ha#e beenabanone, unless it can be sho%n to the satisfaction of the >irector that the elay in responin" %as una#oiable, in%hich e#ent such ti!e !ay be e1tene in the iscretion of the >irector. An abanone application !ay be re#i#e asa penin" application %ithin three !onths fro! the ate of abanon!ent, upon "oo cause sho%n an the pay!ent of the re4uire fee.

18



S%(/i#$ 8. Oppo!"t"on. * Any person %ho belie#es that he %oul be a!a"e by the re"istration of a !ar+ or trae*na!e !ay, upon pay!ent of the re4uire fee an %ithin thirty ays after the publication uner the first para"raph ofsection se#en hereof, file %ith the >irector as opposition to the application. Such opposition shall be in %ritin" an#erifie by the oppositor, or by any person on his behalf %ho +no%s the facts, an shall specify the "rouns on %hich itis base an inclue a state!ent of the facts relie upon. Copies of certificates of re"istration of !ar+s or trae*na!esre"istere in other countries or other supportin" ocu!ents !entione in the opposition shall be file there%ith,to"ether %ith the translation thereof into En"lish, if not in the En"lish lan"ua"e. )or "oo cause sho%n an uponpay!ent of the re4uire surchar"e, the ti!e for filin" an opposition !ay be e1tene for an aitional thirty ays bythe >irector, %ho shall notify the applicant of such e1tension.

S%(/i#$ 9. Not"&e and hear"ng. * pon the filin" of an opposition, the >irector shall forth%ith ser#e notice of the

filin" on the applicant, an of the ate of the hearin" thereof upon the applicant an the oppositor an all otherpersons ha#in" any ri"ht, title or interest in the !ar+ or trae*na!e co#ere by the application, as appear of recor inthe =atent Office.

S%(/i#$ 10. I!!uan&e and pu$"&at"on of &ert"f"&ate!. * Hhen the perio for filin" the opposition has e1pire, or%hen the >irector shall ha#e enie the opposition, the >irector, upon pay!ent of the re4uire fee, shall issue thecertificate of re"istration. pon issuance of a certificate of re"istration, notice thereof !a+in" reference to thepublication of the application shall be publishe in the Official Ga$ette.

S%(/i#$ 11. I!!uan&e and &ontent! of the &ert"f"&ate. * Certificates of re"istration shall be issue in the na!e ofthe Republic of the =hilippines uner the seal of the =atent Office, an shall be si"ne by the >irector, an a recorthereof to"ether %ith a copy of the speci!en or facsi!ile an the state!ent of the applicant, shall be +ept in boo+s forthat purpose. The certificate shall reprouce the speci!en or facsi!ile of the !ar+ or trae*na!e, contain thestate!ent of the applicant an state that the !ar+ or trae*na!e is re"istere uner this Act, the ate of the first use,the ate of the first use in co!!erce or business, the particular "oos or ser#ices for %hich it is re"istere, the

nu!ber an ate of the re"istration, the ter! thereof, the ate on %hich the application for re"istration %as recei#ein the =atent Office, a state!ent of the re4uire!ent that in orer to !aintain the re"istration, perioical affia#its ofuse %ithin the specifie ti!es hereinafter in section t%el#e pro#ie, shall be file, an such other ata as the rulesan re"ulations !ay fro! ti!e to ti!e prescribe.

S%(/i#$ 12. Durat"on. * Each certificate of re"istration shall re!ain in force for t%enty years: =ro#ie, Thatre"istrations uner the pro#isions of this Act shall be cancelle by the >irector, unless %ithin one year follo%in" thefifth, tenth an fifteenth anni#ersaries of the ate of issue of the certificate of re"istration, the re"istrant shall file in the=atent Office an affia#it sho%in" that the !ar+ or trae*na!e is still in use or sho%in" that its non*use is ue tospecial circu!stances %hich e1cuse such non*use an is not ue to any intention to abanon the sa!e, an pay there4uire fee.

The >irector shall notify the re"istrant %ho files the abo#e*prescribe affia#its of his acceptance or refusal thereofan, if a refusal, the reasons therefor.

S%(/i#$ 13. D"!&a"#er! $efore "!!ue. * The >irector shall re4uire unre"istrable !atter to be isclai!e, but suchisclai!er shall not pre&uice or affect the applicants or o%ners ri"hts then e1istin" or thereafter arisin" in theisclai!e !atter, nor shall such isclai!er pre&uice or affect the applicants or o%ners ri"hts of re"istration onanother application of later ate if the isclai!e !atter has beco!e istincti#e of the applicants or o%ners "oos,business or ser#ices.

S%(/i#$ 14. 7ountar) !urrender/ &an&eat"on/ a#end#ent and d"!&a"#er after reg"!trat"on. * At any ti!e,upon application of the re"istrant an pay!ent of the re4uire fee, the >irector !ay per!it any re"istration to besurrenere, cancelle, or for "oo cause sho%n to be a!ene, he !ay per!it any re"istere !ar+ or trae*na!e tobe isclai!e in %hole or in part: =ro#ie, That the re"istration %hen so a!ene shall still contain re"istrable !atteran the !ar+ or trae*na!e as a!ene shall still be re"istrable as a %hole, an that such a!en!ent or isclai!eroes not in#ol#e such chan"es in the re"istration as to alter !aterially the character of the !ar+ or trae*na!e. The>irector shall !a+e appropriate entry upon the recors of the =atent Office an upon the certificate of re"istration or, if sai certificate is lost or estroye, upon a certifie copy thereof. The >irector in his iscretion an upon pay!ent ofthe re4uire fee, !ay issue a substitute certificate li!ite to the ter! of the ori"inal certificate an incorporatin" sucha!en!ent or correction.

CHAPTER III R%$%<& # C%'/ii(&/% # R%i/'&/i#$

S%(/i#$ 15. Renea . * Each certificate of re"istration !ay be rene%e for perios of t%enty years fro! the en ofthe e1pirin" perio upon the filin" of an application therefor an the pay!ent of the re4uire fee. Such application forrene%al shall inclue a s%orn state!ent of the applicants o!icile an citi$enship, the specific "oos, business orser#ices in connection %ith %hich the !ar+ or trae*na!e is still in use, the perio of any nonuse in reference to thespecific "oos, business or ser#ices co#ere by ori"inal or rene%e certificates of re"istration an any ri"hts "rantethir parties for the use of the !ar+ or trae*na!e, any aitional "oos, business or ser#ices to %hich the !ar+ ortrae*na!e has been e1tene urin" the perio of the ori"inal or rene%e certificates of re"istration, an any!aterial #ariation in the !anner of isplay of the !ar+ or trae*na!e fro! that sho%n in the ori"inal or rene%ecertificate of re"istration. The applicant shall file the application %ithin si1 !onths before the e1piration of the periofor %hich the certificate of re"istration %as issue or rene%e, or it !ay be !ae %ithin three !onths after suche1piration for "oo cause sho%n an upon pay!ent of the re4uire surchar"e.

In the e#ent the applicant for rene%al be not o!icile in the =hilippines, he shall be sub&ect to an co!ply %ith thepro#isions of para"raph 23, section fi#e, Chapter II hereof.

S%(/i#$ 16. Effe&t of fa"ure to rene reg"!trat"on. * Bere failure to rene% any re"istration shall not affect theri"ht of the re"istrant to apply for an obtain a ne% re"istration uner the pro#isions of this Act, nor shall such failureentitle any other person to re"ister a !ar+ or trae*na!e unless he is entitle thereto in accorance %ith thepro#isions of this Act.

CHAPTER IV C&$(%&/i#$ # R%i/'&/i#$

19



S%(/i#$ 17. Ground! for &an&eat"on. * Any person, %ho belie#es that he is or %ill be a!a"e by the re"istrationof a !ar+ or trae*na!e, !ay, upon the pay!ent of the prescribe fee, apply to cancel sai re"istration upon any ofthe follo%in" "rouns:

2a3 That the re"istere !ar+ or trae*na!e beco!es the co!!on escripti#e na!e of an article or substanceon %hich the patent has e1pire/

2b3 That it has been abanone/

2c3 That the re"istration %as obtaine frauulently or contrary to the pro#isions of section four, Chapter IIhereof/

23 That the re"istere !ar+ or trae*na!e has been assi"ne, an is bein" use by, or %ith the per!issionof, the assi"nee so as to !isrepresent the source of the "oos, business or ser#ices in connection %ith %hichthe !ar+ or trae*na!e is use/ or

2e3 That cancellation is authori$e by other pro#isions of this Act.

S%(/i#$ 18. Re-u"re#ent! of pet"t"on8 not"&e and hear"ng. * Insofar as applicable, the petition herein shall be inthe sa!e for! as that pro#ie in section ei"ht, Chapter II hereof, an notice an hearin" shall be as pro#ie insection nine, Chapter II hereof.

S%(/i#$ 19. Can&eat"on of reg"!trat"on. * If the >irector fins that a case for cancellation has been !ae out heshall orer the cancellation of the re"istration. The orer shall not beco!e effecti#e until the perio for appeal haselapse, or if appeal is ta+en, until the &u"!ent on appeal beco!es final. Hhen the orer or &u"!ent beco!es final,any ri"ht conferre by such re"istration upon the re"istrant or any person in interest of recor shall ter!inate. Notice

of cancellation shall be publishe in the Official Ga$ette.

CHAPTER V Ri)/ &$* R%%*i%

S%(/i#$ 20. Cert"f"&ate of reg"!trat"on pr"#a fa&"e ev"den&e of va"d"t) . * A certificate of re"istration of a !ar+or trae*na!e shall be pri!a facie e#ience of the #aliity of the re"istration, the re"istrants o%nership of the !ar+ ortrae*na!e, an of the re"istrants e1clusi#e ri"ht to use the sa!e in connection %ith the "oos, business or ser#icesspecifie in the certificate, sub&ect to any conitions an li!itations state therein.

S%(/i#$ 21. Re-u"re#ent! of not"&e of reg"!trat"on of trade5#ar3 . * The re"istrant of a trae*!ar+, heretoforere"istere or re"istere uner the pro#isions of this Act, shall "i#e notice that his !ar+ is re"istere by isplayin" %iththe sa!e as use the %ors @Re"istere in the =hilippines =atent Office@ or @Re". =hil. =at. Off.@/ an in any suit forinfrin"e!ent uner this Act by a re"istrant failin" so to !ar+ the "oos bearin" the re"istere trae*!ar+, noa!a"es shall be reco#ere uner the pro#isions of this Act unless the efenant has actual notice of the re"istration.

S%(/i#$ 22. Infr"nge#ent/ hat &on!t"tute!. * Any person %ho shall use, %ithout the consent of the re"istrant,any reprouction, counterfeit, copy or colorable i!itation of any re"istere !ar+ or trae*na!e in connection %ith thesale, offerin" for sale, or a#ertisin" of any "oos, business or ser#ices on or in connection %ith %hich such use is li+elyto cause confusion or !ista+e or to ecei#e purchasers or others as to the source or ori"in of such "oos or ser#ices,or ientity of such business/ or reprouce, counterfeit, copy or colorably i!itate any such !ar+ or trae*na!e anapply such reprouction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable i!itation to labels, si"ns, prints, pac+a"es, %rappers,receptacles or a#ertise!ents intene to be use upon or in connection %ith such "oos, business or ser#ices, shallbe liable to a ci#il action by the re"istrant for any or all of the re!eies herein pro#ie.

S%(/i#$ 23. A&t"on!/ and da#age! and "n+un&t"on for "nfr"nge#ent . * Any person entitle to the e1clusi#e use of a re"istere !ar+ or trae*na!e !ay reco#er a!a"es in a ci#il action fro! any person %ho infrin"es his ri"hts, anthe !easure of the a!a"es suffere shall be either the reasonable profit %hich the co!plainin" party %oul ha#e!ae, ha the efenant not infrin"e his sai ri"hts, or the profit %hich the efenant actually !ae out of theinfrin"e!ent, or in the e#ent such !easure of a!a"es cannot be reaily ascertaine %ith reasonable certainty, thenthe court !ay a%ar as a!a"es a reasonable percenta"e base upon the a!ount of "ross sales of the efenant ofthe #alue of the ser#ices in connection %ith %hich the !ar+ or trae*na!e %as use in the infrin"e!ent of the ri"hts of the co!plainin" party. In cases %here actual intent to !islea the public or to efrau the co!plainin" party shall besho%n, in the iscretion of the court, the a!a"es !ay be ouble.

The co!plainin" party, upon proper sho%in", !ay also be "rante in&unction.

S%(/i#$ 24. 'oer of &ourt to order "nfr"ng"ng #ater"a de!tro)ed . * In any action arisin" uner this Act, in%hich a #iolation of any ri"ht of the re"istrant shall ha#e been establishe, the court !ay orer that all labels, si"n,prints, pac+a"es, %rappers, receptacles an a#ertise!ents in the possession of the efenant, bearin" the re"istere!ar+ or trae*na!e or any reprouction, counterfeit, copy or colorable i!itation thereof, an all plates, !ols,!atrices an other !eans of !a+in" the sa!e, shall be eli#ere up an estroye.

S%(/i#$ 25. Author"t) to deter#"ne r"ght to reg"!trat"on. * In any action in#ol#in" a re"istere !ar+ or trae*na!e the court !ay eter!ine the ri"ht to re"istration, orer the cancellation of re"istrations, in %hole or in part,restore cancelle re"istration, an other%ise rectify the re"ister %ith respect to the re"istration of any party to theaction. ?u"!ents an orers shall be certifie by the court to the >irector, %ho shall !a+e appropriate entry upon the

recors of the =atent Office, an shall be controlle thereby.

S%(/i#$ 26. A&t"on for fa!e or frauduent de&arat"on. * Any person %ho shall procure re"istration in the =atentOffice of a !ar+ or trae*na!e by a false or frauulent eclaration or representation, oral or in %ritin", or by any false!eans, shall be liable in a ci#il action by any person in&ure thereby for any a!a"es sustaine in conse4uencethereof.

S%(/i#$ 27. ,ur"!d"&t"on of Court of ("r!t In!tan&e. * All actions uner this Chapter an Chapters I an IIhereof shall be brou"ht before the proper Court of )irst Instance.

S%(/i#$ 28. Appea . * Appeal !ay be ta+en fro! any &u"!ent or final orer of the Court of )irst Instance in thesa!e !anner as in other actions.

20



CHAPTER VI U$&i' C#%/i/i#$

S%(/i#$ 29. Unfa"r &o#pet"t"on/ r"ght! and re#ed"e!. * A person %ho has ientifie in the !in of the public the"oos he !anufactures or eals in, his business or ser#ices fro! those of others, %hether or not a !ar+ or trae*na!eis e!ploye, has a property ri"ht in the "oo%ill of the sai "oos, business or ser#ices so ientifie, %hich %ill beprotecte in the sa!e !anner as other property ri"hts. Such a person shall ha#e the re!eies pro#ie in sectiont%enty*three, Chapter hereof.

Any person %ho shall e!ploy eception or any other !eans contrary to "oo faith by %hich he shall pass off the "oos!anufacture by hi! or in %hich he eals, or his business, or ser#ices for those of the one ha#in" establishe such"oo%ill, or %ho shall co!!it any acts calculate to prouce sai result, shall be "uilty of unfair co!petition, an shall

be sub&ect to an action therefor.

In particular, an %ithout in any %ay li!itin" the scope of unfair co!petition, the follo%in" shall be ee!e "uilty ofunfair co!petition:

2a3 Any person, %ho in sellin" his "oos shall "i#e the! the "eneral appearance of "oos of another!anufacturer or ealer, either as to the "oos the!sel#es or in the %rappin" of the pac+a"es in %hich theyare containe, or the e#ices or %ors thereon, or in any other feature of their appearance, %hich %oul beli+ely to influence purchasers to belie#e that the "oos offere are those of a !anufacturer or ealer otherthan the actual !anufacturer or ealer, or %ho other%ise clothes the "oos %ith such appearance as shallecei#e the public an efrau another of his le"iti!ate trae, or any subse4uent #enor of such "oos or anya"ent of any #enor en"a"e in sellin" such "oos %ith a li+e purpose/

2b3 Any person %ho by any artifice, or e#ice, or %ho e!ploys any other !eans calculate to inuce the falsebelief that such person is offerin" the ser#ices of another %ho has ientifie such ser#ices in the !in of the

public/

2c3 Any person %ho shall !a+e any false state!ent in the course of trae or %ho shall co!!it any other actcontrary to "oo faith of a nature calculate to iscreit the "oos, business or ser#ices of another.

CHAPTER VII !&% D%i$&/i#$ # O'ii$ &$* !&% D%('i/i#$

S%(/i#$ 30. (a!e de!"gnat"on of or"g"n and fa!e de!&r"pt"on for$"dden. * Any person %ho shall affi1, apply,anne1 or use in connection %ith any "oos or ser#ices, or any container or containers for "oos, a false esi"nation ofori"in, or any false escription or representation, incluin" %ors or other sy!bols tenin" falsely to escribe orrepresent the sa!e, an shall cause such "oos or ser#ices to enter into co!!erce, an any person %ho shall %ith+no%le"e of the falsity of such esi"nation of ori"in or escription or representation cause or procure the sa!e toenter into co!!erce, shall be liable to a ci#il action for a!a"es an in&unction pro#ie in section t%enty*three,Chapter hereof, by any person oin" business in the locality falsely inicate as that of ori"in or in the re"ion in%hich sai locality is situate, or by any person %ho belie#es that he is or is li+ely to be a!a"e by the use of any

such false escription or representation.

CHAPTER VIII Ai$%$/ &$* T'&$ii#$ # Ri)/

S%(/i#$ 31. R"ght! a!!"gna$e and for# of a!!"gn#ent . * A re"istere !ar+ or trae*na!e, or one for %hichapplication to re"ister has been file shall be assi"nable %ith the "oo%ill of the business in %hich the !ar+ or trae*na!e is use, or %ith that part of the "oo%ill of the business connecte %ith the use of an sy!boli$e by the !ar+or trae*na!e, an in any such assi"n!ent it shall not be necessary to inclue the "oo%ill of the business connecte%ith the use of an sy!boli$e by any other !ar+ or trae*na!e use in the business or by the na!e or style uner%hich the business is conucte. pon pay!ent of the re4uire fee, the >irector shall recor assi"n!ents in ue for!in boo+s +ept for that purpose.

The assi"n!ent !ust be in %ritin", ac+no%le"e before a notary public or other officer authori$e to a!inisteroaths or perfor! other notarial acts an certifie uner the han an official seal of the notary or other officer.

An assi"n!ent shall be #oi as a"ainst any subse4uent purchaser for a #aluable consieration %ithout notice, unless itis recore in the =atent Office %ithin three !onths after the ate thereof or prior to such subse4uent purchase.

S%(/i#$ 32. I!!uan&e of &ert"f"&ate of reg"!trat"on to a!!"gnee. * A certificate of re"istration of a !ar+ or trae*na!e !ay be issue to the assi"nee of the applicant, but the assi"n!ent !ust first be recore in the =atent Office.In case of chan"e of o%nership the >irector shall, at the re4uest of the o%ner an upon proper sho%in" an pay!entof the re4uire fee, issue to such assi"nee a ne% certificate of re"istration of the sai !ar+ or trae*na!e in the na!eof such assi"nee, an for the une1pire part of the ori"inal perio.

CHAPTER I> R%-i%< # O'*%' #' D%(ii#$ # Di'%(/#'

S%(/i#$ 33. Appea fro# a&t"on of D"re&tor . * Any party %ho has been enie re"istration of a !ar+ or trae*na!e, or to the rene%al of the re"istration, or to any cancellation proceein" in the =atent Office, !ay appeal to theSupre!e Court fro! the final orer or ecision of the >irector.

S%(/i#$ 34. 'ro&edure on appea . * Sections si1ty*three to se#enty*three, inclusi#e, Chapter III, of Republic Act

No. UUUUU entitle @An Act creatin" a =atent Office, prescribin" its po%ers an uties, re"ulatin" the issuance ofpatents, an appropriatin" funs therefor,@ shall be applicable to the appeals herein pro#ie.

CHAPTER > I#'/&/i#$ P'#)ii/%*

S%(/i#$ 35. Good! $ear"ng "nfr"ng"ng #ar3! or trade5na#e!. * No article of i!porte !erchanise %hich shallcopy or si!ulate the na!e of any o!estic prouct, or !anufacturer, or ealer, or of any !anufacturer or ealerlocate in any forei"n country %hich, by treaty, con#ention or la% affors si!ilar pri#ile"es to citi$ens of the=hilippines, or %hich shall copy or si!ulate a !ar+ or trae*na!e re"istere in accorance %ith the pro#isions of thisAct, or shall bear a !ar+ or trae*na!e calculate to inuce the public to belie#e that the article is !anufacture inthe =hilippines, or that it is !anufacture in any forei"n country or locality other than the country or locality %here it isin fact !anufacture, shall be a!itte to entry at any custo!house of the =hilippines. In orer to ai the officers of

21



the custo!s ser#ice in enforcin" this prohibition, any person %ho is entitle to the benefits of this Act, !ay re4uire hisna!e an resience, an the na!e of the locality in %hich his "oos are !anufacture, a copy of the certificate ofre"istration of his !ar+ or trae*na!e to be recore in boo+s %hich shall be +ept for this purpose in the 9ureau ofCusto!s, uner such re"ulations as the Collector of Custo!s %ith the appro#al of the Secretary of )inance shallprescribe, an !ay furnish to the sai 9ureau facsi!iles of his na!e, the na!e of the locality in %hich his "oos are!anufacture, or of his re"istere !ar+ or trae*na!e, an thereupon the Collector of Custo!s shall cause one or!ore copies of the sa!e to be trans!itte to each collector or other proper officer of the 9ureau of Custo!s.

S%(/i#$ 36. Good! "th fa!e de!"gnat"on of or"g"n and fa!e de!&r"pt"on. * Any "oos !ar+e or labele incontra#ention of the pro#isions of section thirty, Chapter II hereof, shall not be i!porte into the =hilippines ora!itte to entry at any custo!house in the =hilippines.

CHAPTER >I P'#-ii#$ i$ R%%'%$(% /# !#'%i$ I$*,/'i& P'#%'/

S%(/i#$ 37. R"ght! of fore"gn reg"!trant!. * =ersons %ho are nationals of, o!icile in, or ha#e a bona fie oreffecti#e business or co!!ercial establish!ent in any forei"n country, %hich is a party to any international con#entionor treaty relatin" to !ar+s or trae*na!es, or the repression of unfair co!petition to %hich the =hilippines !ay be aparty, shall be entitle to the benefits an sub&ect to the pro#isions of this Act to the e1tent an uner the conitionsessential to "i#e effect to any such con#ention an treaties so lon" as the =hilippines shall continue to be a partythereto, e1cept as pro#ie in the follo%in" para"raphs of this section.

No re"istration of a !ar+ or trae*na!e in the =hilippines by a person escribe in the precein" para"raph of thissection shall be "rante until such !ar+ or trae*na!e has been re"istere in the country of ori"in of the applicant,unless the applicant alle"es use in co!!erce.

)or the purposes of this section, the country of ori"in of the applicant is the country in %hich he has bona fie an

effecti#e inustrial or co!!ercial establish!ent, or if he has not such an establish!ent in the country in %hich he iso!icile, or if he has not a o!icile in any of the countries escribe in the first para"raph of this section, the countryof %hich he is a national.

An application for re"istration of a !ar+ or trae*na!e uner the pro#isions of this Act file by a person escribe inthe first para"raph of this section %ho has pre#iously uly file an application for re"istration of the sa!e !ar+ ortrae*na!e in one of the countries escribe in sai para"raph shall be accore the sa!e force an effect as %oulbe accore to the sa!e application if file in the =hilippines on the sa!e ate on %hich the application %as first filein such forei"n country: =ro#ie, That *

2a3 The application in the =hilippines is file %ithin si1 !onths fro! the ate on %hich the applicant %as firstfile in the forei"n country/ an %ithin three !onths fro! the ate of filin" or %ithin such ti!e as the >irectorshall in his iscretion "rant, the applicant shall furnish a certifie copy of the application for or re"istration inthe country of ori"in of the applicant, to"ether %ith a translation thereof into En"lish, if not in the En"lishlan"ua"e/

2b3 The application confor!s as nearly as practicable to the re4uire!ents of this Act, but use in co!!ercenee not be alle"e/

2c3 The ri"hts ac4uire by thir parties before the ate of the filin" of the first application in the forei"ncountry shall in no %ay be affecte by a re"istration obtaine on an application file uner this para"raph/ an

23 Nothin" in this para"raph shall entitle the o%ner of a re"istration "rante uner this section to sue for actsco!!itte prior to the ate on %hich his !ar+ or trae*na!e %as re"istere in this country unless there"istration is base on use in co!!erce.

The re"istration of a !ar+ uner the pro#isions of this section shall be inepenent of the re"istration in the country ofori"in an the uration, #aliity or transfer in the =hilippines of such re"istration shall be "o#erne by the pro#isions ofthis Act.

Trae*na!es of persons escribe in the first para"raph of this section shall be protecte %ithout the obli"ation of filin"or re"istration %hether or not they for! parts of !ar+s.

Any person esi"nate in the first para"raph of this section as entitle to the benefits an sub&ect to the pro#isions ofthis Act shall be entitle to effecti#e protection a"ainst unfair co!petition, an the re!eies pro#ie herein forinfrin"e!ent of !ar+s an trae*na!es shall be a#ailable so far as they !ay be appropriate in repressin" acts of unfairco!petition.

Citi$ens or resients of the =hilippines shall ha#e the sa!e benefits as are "rante by this section to persons escribein the first para"raph hereof.

CHAPTER >II C#$/',(/i#$ &$* D%i$i/i#$

S%(/i#$ 38. 6ord! and ter#! def"ned and &on!trued . * In the construction of this Act, unless the contrary isplainly apparent fro! the conte1t *

The ter! @trae*na!e@ inclues ini#iual na!es an surna!es, fir! na!es, trae*na!es, e#ices or %ors use by!anufacturers, inustrialists, !erchants, a"riculturists, an others to ientify their business, #ocations or occupations/the na!es or titles la%fully aopte an use by natural or &uriical persons, unions, an any !anufacturin",inustrial, co!!ercial, a"ricultural or other or"ani$ations en"a"e in trae or co!!erce.

The ter! @trae*!ar+@ inclues any %or, na!e, sy!bol, e!ble!, si"n or e#ice or any co!bination thereof aoptean use by a !anufacturer or !erchant to ientify his "oos an istin"uish the! fro! those !anufacture, sol orealt in by others.

The ter! @ser#ice*!ar+@ !eans a !ar+ use in the sale or a#ertisin" of ser#ices to ientify the ser#ices of oneperson an istin"uish the! fro! the ser#ices of others an inclues %ithout li!itation the !ar+s, na!es, sy!bols,titles, esi"nations, slo"ans, character na!es, an istincti#e features of raio or other a#ertisin".

22



The %or @business@ inclues #ocations or occupations.

The ter! @!ar+@ inclues any trae*!ar+ or ser#ice*!ar+ entitle to re"istration uner this Act %hether re"istere ornot.

The %or @re"istrant@ inclues the o%ner of a re"istere !ar+ or trae*na!e.

S%(/i#$ 39. (ee!. * The follo%in" fees shall be pai:

)or filin" application for re"istration for each class inclue in the application, fifty pesos/

)or filin" application for re#i#al of abanone application for re"istration, t%enty*fi#e pesos/

)or publication in the Official Ga$ette of allo%ance of application, fifty pesos/

)or filin" of opposition, fifty pesos/

)or issuance an publication of certificate of re"istration, t%enty*fi#e pesos/

)or filin" each affia#it re4uire by section t%el#e, Chapter II hereof, t%enty*fi#e pesos/

)or filin" isclai!er, a!en!ent, surrener or cancellation after re"istration, t%enty pesos/

)or issuance of a substitute certificate of re"istration follo%in" correction of a re"istrants !ista+e, t%enty*fi#epesos/

)or issuance of a ne% certificate of re"istration follo%in" chan"e of o%nership of !ar+, t%enty*fi#e pesos/

)or filin" petition for rene%al of certificate of re"istration for each class, fifty pesos/

)or filin" petition for cancellation, fifty pesos/

)or surchar"e for any elaye pay!ent or any elaye action of an applicant or re"istrant, t%enty*fi#e pesos/

)or notice of appeal fro! orers or ecisions of Co!!issioner, t%enty*fi#e pesos/

)or recorin" assi"n!ents for each !ar+ or trae*na!e, ten pesos/

)or issuance of a certificate re"arin" the re"istration or non*re"istration of each !ar+ or trae*na!e, tenpesos/

)or issuance of an affir!ati#e or ne"ati#e certificate re"arin" the re"istration of any ocu!ent in connection,%ith a !ar+ or trae*na!e, ten pesos/

)or filin" any other ocu!ents in connection %ith !ar+s or trae*na!es not re4uire by la% to be file, tenpesos/

)or certifyin" a copy to be a true an e1act copy, one peso/

)or copies of recors, t%o pesos per photostat sheet/ one peso per one hunre %ors of type%ritten copy/an

)or ser#ices not other%ise specifie, the >irector shall, by re"ulation, pro#ie the fees therefor.

S%(/i#$ 40. Coe&t"ve #ar3! and &oe&t"ve trade5na#e!. * Collecti#e !ar+s an collecti#e trae*na!esbelon"in" to cooperati#es, associations or other collecti#e "roups or or"ani$ation !ay also be re"istere uner thepro#isions of this Act, e#en thou"h the sai collecti#ities !ay not possess an inustrial, co!!ercial or a"riculturalestablish!ent. )orei"n collecti#ities !ay not, ho%e#er, procure such re"istration if the e1istence of such collecti#ities iscontrary to the la%s of the country of ori"in.

Such collecti#e !ar+s an collecti#e trae*na!es, %hen re"istere, shall be entitle to the protection pro#ie hereinin the case of !ar+s an trae*na!es, e1cept %hen use so as to represent falsely that the o%ner or a user !a+es orsells the "oos on %hich the !ar+ or trae*na!e is use, or so as to represent falsely the ori"in of the "oos orser#ices.

The other pro#isions of this Act relatin" to !ar+s an trae*na!es shall apply to collecti#e !ar+s an collecti#e trae*na!es, e1cept that the part of para"raph 2e3, section four, Chapter II hereof, relatin" to "eo"raphically escripti#e!ar+s or trae*na!es shall not be applicable in appropriate cases.

A @collecti#e !ar+@ or collecti#e trae*na!e@ is a !ar+ or trae*na!e use by the !e!bers of a cooperati#e, anassociation or other collecti#e "roup or or"ani$ation.

CHAPTER >IV "i(%&$%#, P'#-ii#$

S%(/i#$ 41. Re!ervat"on "n favor of pr"or reg"!trat"on. * O%ners of !ar+s or trae*na!es re"istere uner thepro#isions of the la%s in force prior hereto, the re"istrations of %hich are still subsistin" uner the sai la%s are hereby"rante the ri"ht:

2a3 Hithin one year after the ta+in" effect of this Act to surrener their certificates of re"istration an procurethe issuance of ne% certificates, in %hich e#ent they shall be entitle to the benefits an sub&ect to thepro#isions of this Act/ or

2b3 Hithin one year before the e1piration of the perio for %hich the certificates of re"istration %as issue orrene%e, the re"istrant !ay rene% the re"istration upon filin" an application therefor, as pro#ie in section

23



fifteen, Chapter III hereof. If sai application is "rante a rene%al certificate shall be issue by the >irector inaccorance %ith the pro#isions of this Act.

S%(/i#$ 42. Renea of reg"!trat"on! h"&h e2p"red dur"ng the ar . * The pro#isions of this Act to the contrarynot%ithstanin", re"istrations uner prior la%s %hich e1pire after the ei"hth ay of >ece!ber, nineteen hunreforty*one, an %hich the o%ners %ere not able to rene% for causes arisin" out of the %ar, !ay be rene%e %ithin oneyear after this Act ta+es effect, an non*use of the !ar+ or trae*na!e !ay be sho%n to be ue to specialcircu!stances. If the application for rene%al is "rante, a rene%al certificate to co!!ence fro! the ate of thee1piration of the prior re"istration shall be issue by the >irector in accorance %ith the pro#isions of this Act.

S%(/i#$ 43. 'end"ng app"&at"on!. * All applications for re"istration penin" on the effecti#e ate of this Act !ay be

a!ene, if practicable, to brin" the! uner the pro#isions of this Act, %ithout the pay!ent of any aitional fee. Theprosecution of such applications %hether a!ene or not an the "rant of re"istrations thereon shall confor! to thepro#isions of this Act.

S%(/i#$ 44. Repea"ng &au!e. * Act Nu!bere Si1 hunre an si1ty*si1 of the =hilippine Co!!ission, appro#eBarch si1, nineteen hunre an three, an all la%s a!enatory thereto/ Act Nu!bere Thirty hunre an se#entyof the =hilippine Le"islature, appro#e Barch si1teen, nineteen hunre an t%enty*three/ Act Nu!bere Thirty*t%ohunre an t%o, appro#e >ece!ber three, nineteen hunre an t%enty*four, an all other acts, or parts of actsinconsistent here%ith, are hereby repeale.

S%(/i#$ 45. Effe&t"ve date. * This Act shall ta+e effect on its appro#al.

Appro#e: ?une 5-, '8(

Sec. 5;8.5, I=C

5;8.5. Bar+s re"istere uner Republic Act No. '66 shall re!ain in force but shall be ee!e to ha#ebeen "rante uner this Act an shall be ue for rene%al %ithin the perio pro#ie for uner this Act an,upon rene%al, shall be reclassifie in accorance %ith the International Classification. Trae na!es an !ar+sre"istere in the Supple!ental Re"ister uner Republic Act No. '66 shall re!ain in force but shall no lon"er besub&ect to rene%al.

Sec. 5;7.5, I=C

5;7.5. All applications for re"istration of !ar+s or trae na!es penin" in the 9ureau of =atents,Trae!ar+s an Technolo"y Transfer at the effecti#e ate of this Act !ay be a!ene, if practicable to brin"the! uner the pro#isions of this Act. The prosecution of such applications so a!ene an the "rant of re"istrations thereon shall be proceee %ith in accorance %ith the pro#isions of this Act. If sucha!en!ents are not !ae, the prosecution of sai applications shall be proceee %ith an re"istrationsthereon "rante in accorance %ith the Acts uner %hich sai applications %ere file, an sai Acts hereby

continue in force to this e1tent for this purpose only, not%ithstanin" the fore"oin" "eneral repeal thereof.

Sec. 5;6, I=C

Sec. 5;6. 're!ervat"on of E2"!t"ng R"ght!. * Nothin" herein shall a#ersely affect the ri"hts on theenforce!ent of ri"hts in patents, utility !oels, inustrial esi"ns, !ar+s an %or+s, ac4uire in "oo faithprior to the effecti#e ate of this Act.

Sec. 5(', I=C

Sec. 5('. Effe&t"v"t). * This Act shall ta+e effect on ' ?anuary '88.

Sec. 5;8, I=C

Sec. 5;8. $epeals< *

239.1. All Acts an parts of Acts inconsistent here%ith, !ore particularly Republic Act No. '67, asa!ene/ Republic Act no. '66, as a!ene/ an Articles ' an '8 of the Re#ise =enal Coe/=resiential >ecree No. (8, incluin" =resiential >ecree No. 57, as a!ene, are hereby repeale.239.2. Bar+s re"istere uner Republic Act No. '66 shall re!ain in force but shall be ee!e to ha#ebeen "rante uner this Act an shall be ue for rene%al %ithin the perio pro#ie for uner this Actan, upon rene%al, shall be reclassifie in accorance %ith the International Classification. Trae na!esan !ar+s re"istere in the Supple!ental Re"ister uner Republic Act No. '66 shall re!ain in force butshall no lon"er be sub&ect to rene%al.239.3. The pro#isions of this Act shall apply to %or+s in %hich copyri"ht protection obtaine prior to theeffecti#ity of this Act is subsistin": =ro#ie, That the application of this Act shall not result in thei!inution of such protection.

9. >efinition of trae!ar+sSECTION '5'.', I=C

'5'.'. 9%ar39 !eans any #isible si"n capable of istin"uishin" the "oos 2trae!ar+3 or ser#ices 2ser#ice !ar+3 of anenterprise an shall inclue a sta!pe or !ar+e container of "oos/ 2Sec. ;, R. A. No. '66a3

D"!t"er"a 6a!h"ngton v. CA, 56; SCRA ;-;

C. )unctions of trae!ar+s Ang v. Teodoro, ( =hil 7-Etepha v. D"re&tor of 'atent!, '6 SCRA (87%"rpur" v. Court of Appea!, ;' SCRA 7'6 2'8883

>. <o% Are Bar+s Ac4uireKSECTION '55, I=C

24



Sec. '55. Ho %ar3! are A&-u"red. * The ri"hts in a !ar+ shall be ac4uire throu"h re"istration !ae #alily inaccorance %ith the pro#isions of this la%. 2Sec. 5*A, R. A. No. '66a3

Contrast this %ith Sec. 5*A of Republic Act No. '66 an cases ecie uner RA '66:Unno Co##er&"a Enterpr"!e! v. Genera %""ng Corp., '5- SCRA 8-(Ka$u!h" Ka"!ha I!etan v. IAC , 5-; SCRA 7;'h""p %orr"! v. CA, 55( SCRA 76'h""p %orr"! v. (ortune To$a&&o, GR No. '778, 5 ?une 5--6Shangr"a v. DCCI , GR No. '788;, ;' Barch 5--6Shangr"a v DCCI/ GR No. '788;, 55 ?anuary 5--

E. Stanar for Re"istrability

). Hhat Bar+s Bay 9e Re"istereKSec. '5; 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '5;. $egistrability< *

'5;.'. A !ar+ cannot be re"istere if it:2a3 Consists of i!!oral, ecepti#e or scanalous !atter, or !atter %hich !ay ispara"e or falselysu""est a connection %ith persons, li#in" or ea, institutions, beliefs, or national sy!bols, or brin"the! into conte!pt or isrepute/2b3 Consists of the fla" or coat of ar!s or other insi"nia of the =hilippines or any of its politicalsubi#isions, or of any forei"n nation, or any si!ulation thereof/2c3 Consists of a na!e, portrait or si"nature ientifyin" a particular li#in" ini#iual e1cept by his

%ritten consent, or the na!e, si"nature, or portrait of a ecease =resient of the =hilippines, urin"the life of his %io%, if any, e1cept by %ritten consent of the %io%/23 Is ientical %ith a re"istere !ar+ belon"in" to a ifferent proprietor or a !ar+ %ith an earlierfilin" or priority ate, in respect of:

2i3 The sa!e "oos or ser#ices, or2ii3 Closely relate "oos or ser#ices, or2iii3 If it nearly rese!bles such a !ar+ as to be li+ely to ecei#e or cause confusion/

2e3 Is ientical %ith, or confusin"ly si!ilar to, or constitutes a translation of a !ar+ %hich isconsiere by the co!petent authority of the =hilippines to be %ell*+no%n internationally an in the=hilippines, %hether or not it is re"istere here, as bein" alreay the !ar+ of a person other than theapplicant for re"istration, an use for ientical or si!ilar "oos or ser#ices: Provided, That ineter!inin" %hether a !ar+ is %ell*+no%n, account shall be ta+en of the +no%le"e of the rele#antsector of the public, rather than of the public at lar"e, incluin" +no%le"e in the =hilippines %hichhas been obtaine as a result of the pro!otion of the !ar+/2f3 Is ientical %ith, or confusin"ly si!ilar to, or constitutes a translation of a !ar+ consiere %ell*

+no%n in accorance %ith the precein" para"raph, %hich is re"istere in the =hilippines %ith respectto "oos or ser#ices %hich are not si!ilar to those %ith respect to %hich re"istration is applie for:Provided, That use of the !ar+ in relation to those "oos or ser#ices %oul inicate a connectionbet%een those "oos or ser#ices, an the o%ner of the re"istere !ar+: Provided further, That theinterests of the o%ner of the re"istere !ar+ are li+ely to be a!a"e by such use/2"3 Is li+ely to !islea the public, particularly as to the nature, 4uality, characteristics or "eo"raphicalori"in of the "oos or ser#ices/2h3 Consists e1clusi#ely of si"ns that are "eneric for the "oos or ser#ices that they see+ to ientify/2i3 Consists e1clusi#ely of si"ns or of inications that ha#e beco!e custo!ary or usual to esi"natethe "oos or ser#ices in e#eryay lan"ua"e or in bona fie an establishe trae practice/2&3 Consists e1clusi#ely of si"ns or of inications that !ay ser#e in trae to esi"nate the +in, 4uality,4uantity, intene purpose, #alue, "eo"raphical ori"in, ti!e or prouction of the "oos or renerin" of the ser#ices, or other characteristics of the "oos or ser#ices/2+3 Consists of shapes that !ay be necessitate by technical factors or by the nature of the "oosthe!sel#es or factors that affect their intrinsic #alue/

2l3 Consists of color alone, unless efine by a "i#en for!/ or2!3 Is contrary to public orer or !orality.'5;.5. As re"ars si"ns or e#ices !entione in para"raphs 2&3, 2+3, an 2l3, nothin" shall pre#ent there"istration of any such si"n or e#ice %hich has beco!e istincti#e in relation to the "oos for %hichre"istration is re4ueste as a result of the use that ha#e been !ae of it in co!!erce in the =hilippines. TheOffice !ay accept as pri!a facie e#ience that the !ar+ has beco!e istincti#e, as use in connection %iththe applicant0s "oos or ser#ices in co!!erce, proof of substantially e1clusi#e an continuous use thereof bythe applicant in co!!erce in the =hilippines for fi#e 273 years before the ate on %hich the clai! of istincti#eness is !ae.'5;.;. The nature of the "oos to %hich the !ar+ is applie %ill not constitute an obstacle to re"istration.2Sec. (, R. A. No. '66a3

Etepha v. D"re&tor of 'atent!, '6 SCRA (87*a2ter v. :ua!ua, 7 =hil '6-Co#pan"a Gra de Ta$a&&o v. Aha#$ra C"gar , ;; =hil (7

Ang v. Teodoro, ( =hil 7- Ar&e Son! v. See&ta *"!&u"t!, ' SCRA 57;Ka$u!h" Ka"!ha I!etan v. IAC , 5-; SCRA 7; A!"a *reer) v. CA, 55( SCRA (; 2'88;3E#erad Gar#ent %anufa&tur"ng #. CA, 57' SCRA 6--(red&o %anufa&tur"ng Corporat"on 7. 're!"dent And (eo! Of Harvard Coege ;Harvard Un"ver!"t) 3, G.R. No. '78', ?une ', 5-''?%''i A'i(,/,'& C#.: I$(. -. N#'- A&*&$, G.R. No. ';(-(, October ';, 5-'-?i'=%$/#(= O'/)#&%*i% G) &$* C#. !#'%' ?i'=%$/#(= O'/)#&%*i% G) -.P)iii$% S)#% E@# "&'=%/i$ C#'#'&/i#$: G.R. No. '8(;-, No#e!ber 5-, 5-';

G. Application for Re"istration'. Application

25



Sec. ;, I=CSec. ;. Internat"ona Convent"on! and Re&"pro&"t). * Any person %ho is a national or %ho is o!icile or has areal an effecti#e inustrial establish!ent in a country %hich is a party to any con#ention, treaty or a"ree!ent relatin"to intellectual property ri"hts or the repression of unfair co!petition, to %hich the =hilippines is also a party, or e1tensreciprocal ri"hts to nationals of the =hilippines by la%, shall be entitle to benefits to the e1tent necessary to "i#eeffect to any pro#ision of such con#ention, treaty or reciprocal la%, in aition to the ri"hts to %hich any o%ner of anintellectual property ri"ht is other%ise entitle by this Act.

SECTIONs '5( 2an its sub*para"raphs3, '57, '56, '5, ';- 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '5(. $e:uirements of Application< *'5(.'. The application for the re"istration of the !ar+ shall be in )ilipino or in En"lish an shall contain thefollo%in":

2a3 A re4uest for re"istration/2b3 The na!e an aress of the applicant/2c3 The na!e of a State of %hich the applicant is a national or %here he has o!icile/ an the na!eof a State in %hich the applicant has a real an effecti#e inustrial or co!!ercial establish!ent, if any/23 Hhere the applicant is a &uriical entity, the la% uner %hich it is or"ani$e an e1istin"/2e3 The appoint!ent of an a"ent or representati#e, if the applicant is not o!icile in the =hilippines/2f3 Hhere the applicant clai!s the priority of an earlier application, an inication of:

2i3 The na!e of the State %ith %hose national office the earlier application %as file or it file%ith an office other than a national office, the na!e of that office,2ii3 The ate on %hich the earlier application %as file, an2iii3 Hhere a#ailable, the application nu!ber of the earlier application/

2"3 Hhere the applicant clai!s color as a istincti#e feature of the !ar+, a state!ent to that effect as%ell as the na!e or na!es of the color or colors clai!e an an inication, in respect of each color, of the principal parts of the !ar+ %hich are in that color/2h3 Hhere the !ar+ is a three*i!ensional !ar+, a state!ent to that effect/2i3 One or !ore reprouctions of the !ar+, as prescribe in the Re"ulations/2&3 A transliteration or translation of the !ar+ or of so!e parts of the !ar+, as prescribe in theRe"ulations/2+3 The na!es of the "oos or ser#ices for %hich the re"istration is sou"ht, "roupe accorin" to theclasses of the Nice Classification, to"ether %ith the nu!ber of the class of the sai Classification to%hich each "roup of "oos or ser#ices belon"s/ an2l3 A si"nature by, or other self*ientification of, the applicant or his representati#e.

'5(.5. The applicant or the re"istrant shall file a eclaration of actual use of the !ar+ %ith e#ience to thateffect, as prescribe by the Re"ulations %ithin three 2;3 years fro! the filin" ate of the application.Other%ise, the application shall be refuse or the !ar+ shall be re!o#e fro! the Re"ister by the >irector.'5(.;. One 2'3 application !ay relate to se#eral "oos anDor ser#ices, %hether they belon" to one 2'3 class

or to se#eral classes of the Nice Classification.'5(.(. If urin" the e1a!ination of the application, the Office fins factual basis to reasonably oubt the#eracity of any inication or ele!ent in the application, it !ay re4uire the applicant to sub!it sufficiente#ience to re!o#e the oubt. 2Sec. 7, R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. '57. $epresentation0 Address for Service< * If the applicant is not o!icile or has no real an effecti#eco!!ercial establish!ent in the =hilippines, he shall esi"nate by a %ritten ocu!ent file in the office, the na!e anaress of a =hilippine resient %ho !ay be ser#e notices or process in proceein"s affectin" the !ar+. Such noticesor ser#ices !ay be ser#e upon the person so esi"nate by lea#in" a copy thereof at the aress specifie in the lastesi"nation file. If the person so esi"nate cannot be foun at the aress "i#en in the last esi"nation, such noticeor process !ay be ser#e upon the >irector. 2Sec. ;, R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. '56. Disclaimers<* The Office !ay allo% or re4uire the applicant to isclai! an unre"istrable co!ponent of another%ise re"istrable !ar+ but such isclai!er shall not pre&uice or affect the applicant0s or o%ner0s ri"hts thene1istin" or thereafter arisin" in the isclai!e !atter, nor such shall isclai!er pre&uice or affect the applicant0s oro%ner0s ri"ht on another application of later ate if the isclai!e !atter beca!e istincti#e of the applicant0s or

o%ner0s "oos, business or ser#ices. 2Sec. ';, R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. '5. S"nge Reg"!trat"on for Good! and<or Serv"&e!. * Hhere "oos anDor ser#ices belon"in" to se#eralclasses of the Nice Classification ha#e been inclue in one 2'3 application, such an application shall result in onere"istration.

Sec. ';-. Signature and Other eans of Self.-dentification< .

';-.'. Hhere a si"nature is re4uire, the Office shall accept:2a3 A han*%ritten si"nature/ or2b3 The use of other for!s of si"nature, such as a printe or sta!pe si"nature, or the use of a seal,instea of a han*%ritten si"nature: =ro#ie, That %here a seal is use, it shoul be acco!panie byan inication in letters of the na!e of the si"natory.

';-.5. The Office shall accept co!!unications to it by telecopier, or by electronic !eans sub&ect to theconitions or re4uire!ents that %ill be prescribe by the Re"ulations. Hhen co!!unications are !ae bytelefacsi!ile, the reprouction of the si"nature, or the reprouction of the seal to"ether %ith, %here re4uire,the inication in letters of the na!e of the natural person %hose seal is use, appears. The ori"inalco!!unications !ust be recei#e by the Office %ithin thirty 2;-3 ays fro! ate of receipt of thetelefacsi!ile.';-.;. No attestation, notari$ation, authentication, le"ali$ation or other certification of any si"nature or other!eans of self*ientification referre to in the precein" para"raphs, %ill be re4uire, e1cept, %here thesi"nature concerns the surrener of a re"istration.

Sec. '5(.5, I=C

'5(.5. The applicant or the re"istrant shall file a eclaration of actual use of the !ar+ %ith e#ience to that effect, asprescribe by the Re"ulations %ithin three 2;3 years fro! the filin" ate of the application. Other%ise, the applicationshall be refuse or the !ar+ shall be re!o#e fro! the Re"ister by the >irector.

26



Sec. ';' 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C 2Clai! of =riority >ate3

Sec. ';'. Priority $ight< . ';'.'. An application for re"istration of a !ar+ file in the =hilippines by a person referre to in Section ;, an%ho pre#iously uly file an application for re"istration of the sa!e !ar+ in one of those countries, shall beconsiere as file as of the ay the application %as first file in the forei"n country.';'.5. No re"istration of a !ar+ in the =hilippines by a person escribe in this section shall be "rante untilsuch !ar+ has been re"istere in the country of ori"in of the applicant.';'.;. Nothin" in this section shall entitle the o%ner of a re"istration "rante uner this section to sue for actsco!!itte prior to the ate on %hich his !ar+ %as re"istere in this country: Provided , That, not%ithstanin"

the fore"oin", the o%ner of a %ell*+no%n !ar+ as efine in Section '5;.'2e3 of this Act, that is notre"istere in the =hilippines, !ay, a"ainst an ientical or confusin"ly si!ilar !ar+, oppose its re"istration, orpetition the cancellation of its re"istration or sue for unfair co!petition, %ithout pre&uice to a#ailin" hi!self of other re!eies pro#ie for uner the la%.';'.(. In li+e !anner an sub&ect to the sa!e conitions an re4uire!ents, the ri"ht pro#ie in this section!ay be base upon a subse4uent re"ularly file application in the sa!e forei"n country: =ro#ie, That anyforei"n application file prior to such subse4uent application has been %ithra%n, abanone, or other%iseispose of, %ithout ha#in" been lai open to public inspection an %ithout lea#in" any ri"hts outstanin",an has not ser#e, nor thereafter shall ser#e, as a basis for clai!in" a ri"ht of priority. 2Sec. ;, R. A. No.'66a3

Sec. 5;8.5, I=C

5;8.5. Bar+s re"istere uner Republic Act No. '66 shall re!ain in force but shall be ee!e to ha#e been "ranteuner this Act an shall be ue for rene%al %ithin the perio pro#ie for uner this Act an, upon rene%al, shall be

reclassifie in accorance %ith the International Classification. Trae na!es an !ar+s re"istere in the Supple!entalRe"ister uner Republic Act No. '66 shall re!ain in force but shall no lon"er be sub&ect to rene%al.

5. Assi"n!ent of Application Nu!ber an )ilin" >ateSec. '5, I=C

Sec. '5. "iling Date< *

'5.'. $e:uirements< * The filin" ate of an application shall be the ate on %hich the Office recei#e thefollo%in" inications an ele!ents in En"lish or )ilipino:

2a3 An e1press or i!plicit inication that the re"istration of a !ar+ is sou"ht/2b3 The ientity of the applicant/2c3 Inications sufficient to contact the applicant or his representati#e, if any/23 A reprouction of the !ar+ %hose re"istration is sou"ht/ an2e3 The list of the "oos or ser#ices for %hich the re"istration is sou"ht.

'5.5 No filin" ate shall be accore until the re4uire fee is pai.

Sec. ';5 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. ';5. Application &umber and "iling Date<*';5.'. The Office shall e1a!ine %hether the application satisfies the re4uire!ents for the "rant of a filin" ateas pro#ie in Section '5 an Re"ulations relatin" thereto. If the application oes not satisfy the filin"re4uire!ents, the Office shall notify the applicant %ho shall %ithin a perio fi1e by the Re"ulations co!pleteor correct the application as re4uire, other%ise, the application shall be consiere %ithra%n.';5.5 Once an application !eets the filin" re4uire!ents of Section '5, it shall be nu!bere in the se4uentialorer, an the applicant shall be infor!e of the application nu!ber an the filin" ate of the application %illbe ee!e to ha#e been abanone.

;. E1a!inationSec. ';; 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. ';;. !amination and Publication< . ';;.'. Once the application !eets the filin" re4uire!ents of Section '5, the Office shall e1a!ine %hether theapplication !eets the re4uire!ents of Section '5( an the !ar+ as efine in Section '5' is re"istrable unerSection '5;.';;.5. Hhere the Office fins that the conitions referre to in Subsection ';;.' are fulfille, it shall, uponpay!ent of the prescribe fee. )orth%ith cause the application, as file, to be publishe in the prescribe!anner.';;.;. If after the e1a!ination, the applicant is not entitle to re"istration for any reason, the Office shalla#ise the applicant thereof an the reasons therefor. The applicant shall ha#e a perio of four 2(3 !onths in%hich to reply or a!en his application, %hich shall then be re*e1a!ine. The Re"ulations shall eter!ine theproceure for the re*e1a!ination or re#i#al of an application as %ell as the appeal to the >irector of Trae!ar+s fro! any final action by the E1a!iner.';;.(. An abanone application !ay be re#i#e as a penin" application %ithin three 2;3 !onths fro! theate of abanon!ent, upon "oo cause sho%n an the pay!ent of the re4uire fee.';;.7. The final ecision of refusal of the >irector of Trae!ar+s shall be appealable to the >irector General inaccorance %ith the proceure fi1e by the Re"ulations. 2Sec. , R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. '56, I=C

Sec. '56. D"!&a"#er!.* The Office !ay allo% or re4uire the applicant to isclai! an unre"istrable co!ponent of another%ise re"istrable !ar+ but such isclai!er shall not pre&uice or affect the applicant0s or o%ner0s ri"hts thene1istin" or thereafter arisin" in the isclai!e !atter, nor such shall isclai!er pre&uice or affect the applicant0s oro%ner0s ri"ht on another application of later ate if the isclai!e !atter beca!e istincti#e of the applicant0s oro%ner0s "oos, business or ser#ices. 2Sec. ';, R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. '58, I=C

27



Sec. '58. D"v"!"on of App"&at"on. * Any application referrin" to se#eral "oos or ser#ices, hereafter referre to asthe @initial application,@ !ay be i#ie by the applicant into t%o 253 or !ore applications, hereafter referre to as the9d"v"!"ona app"&at"on!/9 by istributin" a!on" the latter the "oos or ser#ices referre to in the initial application.The i#isional applications shall preser#e the filin" ate of the initial application or the benefit of the ri"ht of priority.

(. =ublicationSec. ';;.5, I=C

';;.5. Hhere the Office fins that the conitions referre to in Subsection ';;.' are fulfille, it shall, upon pay!ent of the prescribe fee. )orth%ith cause the application, as file, to be publishe in the prescribe !anner.

7. OppositionSECTIONs ';( an ';7, I=C

Sec. ';(. Opposition< * Any person %ho belie#es that he %oul be a!a"e by the re"istration of a !ar+ !ay, uponpay!ent of the re4uire fee an %ithin thirty 2;-3 ays after the publication referre to in Subsection ';;.5, file %iththe Office an opposition to the application. Such opposition shall be in %ritin" an #erifie by the oppositor or by anyperson on his behalf %ho +no%s the facts, an shall specify the "rouns on %hich it is base an inclue a state!ent of the facts relie upon. Copies of certificates of re"istration of !ar+s re"istere in other countries or other supportin"ocu!ents !entione in the opposition shall be file there%ith, to"ether %ith the translation in En"lish, if not in theEn"lish lan"ua"e. )or "oo cause sho%n an upon pay!ent of the re4uire surchar"e, the ti!e for filin" an opposition!ay be e1tene by the >irector of Le"al Affairs, %ho shall notify the applicant of such e1tension. The Re"ulationsshall fi1 the !a1i!u! perio of ti!e %ithin %hich to file the opposition. 2Sec. , R. A. No. '67a3

Sec. ';7. &otice and =earing< * pon the filin" of an opposition, the Office shall ser#e notice of the filin" on theapplicant, an of the ate of the hearin" thereof upon the applicant an the oppositor an all other persons ha#in" anyri"ht, title or interest in the !ar+ co#ere by the application, as appear of recor in the Office. 2Sec. 8 R. A. No. '673

*ata Indu!tr"e! v. CA, ''( SCRA ;'%"rpur" v. Court of Appea!, ;' SCRA 7'6 2'8883

6. Issuance an =ublication of CertificateSECTIONs ';6 an ';, I=C

Sec. ';6. -ssuance and Publication of Certificate< * Hhen the perio for filin" the opposition has e1pire, or %hen the>irector of Le"al Affairs shall ha#e enie the opposition, the Office upon pay!ent of the re4uire fee, shall issue thecertificate of re"istration. pon issuance of a certificate of re"istration, notice thereof !a+in" reference to thepublication of the application shall be publishe in the I=O Ga$ette. 2Sec. '-, R. A. No. '673

Sec. ';. $egistration of ark and -ssuance of a Certificate to the Owner or his Assignee< .

';.'. The Office shall !aintain a Re"ister in %hich shall be re"istere !ar+s, nu!bere in the orer of their

re"istration, an all transactions in respect of each !ar+, re4uire to be recore by #irtue of this la%.';.5. The re"istration of a !ar+ shall inclue a reprouction of the !ar+ an shall !ention: its nu!ber/ thena!e an aress of the re"istere o%ner an, if the re"istere o%ner0s aress is outsie the country, hisaress for ser#ice %ithin the country/ the ates of application an re"istration/ if priority is clai!e, aninication of this fact, an the nu!ber, ate an country of the application, basis of the priority clai!s/ the listof "oos or ser#ices in respect of %hich re"istration has been "rante, %ith the inication of the corresponin"class or classes/ an such other ata as the Re"ulations !ay prescribe fro! ti!e to ti!e.';.;. A certificate of re"istration of a !ar+ !ay be issue to the assi"nee of the applicant: Provided, Thatthe assi"n!ent is recore in the Office. In case of a chan"e of o%nership, the Office shall at the %rittenre4uest si"ne by the o%ner, or his representati#e, or by the ne% o%ner, or his representati#e an upon aproper sho%in" an the pay!ent of the prescribe fee, issue to such assi"nee a ne% certificate of re"istrationof the sai !ar+ in the na!e of such assi"nee, an for the une1pire part of the ori"inal perio.';.(. The Office shall recor any chan"e of aress, or aress for ser#ice, %hich shall be notifie to it by there"istere o%ner.';.7. In the absence of any pro#ision to the contrary in this Act, co!!unications to be !ae to the

re"istere o%ner by #irtue of this Act shall be sent to hi! at his last recore aress an, at the sa!e, at hislast recore aress for ser#ice. 2Sec. '8, R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. ';, I=C

Sec. ';. Certificates of $egistration< * A certificate of re"istration of a !ar+ shall be pri!a facie e#ience of the#aliity of the re"istration, the re"istrant0s o%nership of the !ar+, an of the re"istrant0s e1clusi#e ri"ht to use thesa!e in connection %ith the "oos or ser#ices an those that are relate thereto specifie in the certificate. 2Sec. 5-,R. A. No. '673

Sec. ';8, I=C

Sec. ';8. Publication of $egistered arks0 -nspection of $egister< .

';8.'. The Office shall publish, in the for! an %ithin the perio fi1e by the Re"ulations, the !ar+re"istere, in the orer of their re"istration, reproucin" all the particulars referre to in Subsection ';.5.';8.5. Bar+s re"istere at the Office !ay be inspecte free of char"e an any person !ay obtain copiesthereof at his o%n e1pense. This pro#ision shall also be applicable to transactions recore in respect of anyre"istere !ar+.

Sec. '(( 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '((. Classification of (oods and Services< *

'((.'. Each re"istration, an any publication of the Office %hich concerns an application or re"istrationeffecte by the Office shall inicate the "oos or ser#ices by their na!es, "roupe accorin" to the classes of the Nice Classification, an each "roup shall be precee by the nu!ber of the class of that Classification to%hich that "roup of "oos or ser#ices belon"s, presente in the orer of the classes of the sai Classification.

28



'((.5. Goos or ser#ices !ay not be consiere as bein" si!ilar or issi!ilar to each other on the "rounthat, in any re"istration or publication by the Office, they appear in ifferent classes of the Nice Classification.2Sec. 6, R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. (.5, I=C

(.5. The ter! 9te&hnoog) tran!fer arrange#ent!9 refers to contracts or a"ree!ents in#ol#in" the transfer of syste!atic +no%le"e for the !anufacture of a prouct, the application of a process, or renerin" of a ser#iceincluin" !ana"e!ent contracts/ an the transfer, assi"n!ent or licensin" of all for!s of intellectual property ri"hts,incluin" licensin" of co!puter soft%are e1cept co!puter soft%are e#elope for !ass !ar+et.

. >uration of CertificateSec. '(7, I=C

Sec. '(7. Durat"on.* A certificate of re"istration shall re!ain in force for ten 2'-3 years: 'rov"ded/ That there"istrant shall file a eclaration of actual use an e#ience to that effect, or shall sho% #ali reasons base on thee1istence of obstacles to such use, as prescribe by the Re"ulations, %ithin one 2'3 year fro! the fifth anni#ersary of the ate of the re"istration of the !ar+. Other%ise, the !ar+ shall be re!o#e fro! the Re"ister by the Office. 2Sec.'5, R. A. No. '66a3

. oluntary Cancellation of CertificateSec. '(-, I=C

Sec. '(-. Cancellation upon Application by $egistrant0 Amendment or Disclaimer of $egistration< * pon application of the re"istrant, the Office !ay per!it any re"istration to be surrenere for cancellation, an upon cancellation theappropriate entry shall be !ae in the recors of the Office. pon application of the re"istrant an pay!ent of the

prescribe fee, the Office for "oo cause !ay per!it any re"istration to be a!ene or to be isclai!e in part:Provided, That the a!en!ent or isclai!er oes not alter !aterially the character of the !ar+. Appropriate entryshall be !ae in the recors of the Office upon the certificate of re"istration or, if sai certificates is lost or estroye,upon a certifie copy thereof. 2Sec. '(, R. A. No. '663

8. Correction of Bista+esSECTIONs '(5 an '(;, I=C

Sec. '(5. Correction of istakes ade by the Office< * Hhene#er a !aterial !ista+e in a re"istration incurre throu"hthe fault of the Office is clearly isclose by the recors of the Office, a certificate statin" the fact an nature of such!ista+e shall be issue %ithout char"e, recore an a printe copy thereof shall be attache to each printe copy of the re"istration. Such correcte re"istration shall thereafter ha#e the sa!e effect as the ori"inal certificate/ or in theiscretion of the >irector of the A!inistrati#e, )inancial an <u!an Resource >e#elop!ent Ser#ice 9ureau a ne%certificate of re"istration !ay be issue %ithout char"e. All certificates of correction heretofore issue in accorance%ith the Re"ulations an the re"istration to %hich they are attache shall ha#e the sa!e force an effect as if suchcertificates an their issuance ha been authori$e by this Act.

Sec. '(;. Correction of istakes ade by Applicant< * Hhene#er a !ista+e is !ae in a re"istration an such !ista+eoccurre in "oo faith throu"h the fault of the applicant, the Office !ay issue a certificate upon the pay!ent of theprescribe fee: =ro#ie, That the correction oes not in#ol#e any chan"e in the re"istration that re4uires republicationof the !ar+.

'-. Rene%alSec. '(6 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '(6. $enewal< *

'(6.'. A certificate of re"istration !ay be rene%e for perios of ten 2'-3 years at its e1piration uponpay!ent of the prescribe fee an upon filin" of a re4uest. The re4uest shall contain the follo%in" inications:

2a3 An inication that rene%al is sou"ht/

2b3 The na!e an aress of the re"istrant or his successor*in*interest, hereafter referre to as the>right holder> /2c3 The re"istration nu!ber of the re"istration concerne/23 The filin" ate of the application %hich resulte in the re"istration concerne to be rene%e/2e3 Hhere the ri"ht holer has a representati#e, the na!e an aress of that representati#e/2f3 The na!es of the recore "oos or ser#ices for %hich the rene%al is re4ueste or the na!es of the recore "oos or ser#ices for %hich the rene%al is not re4ueste, "roupe accorin" to theclasses of the Nice Classification to %hich that "roup of "oos or ser#ices belon"s an presente inthe orer of the classes of the sai Classification/ an2"3 A si"nature by the ri"ht holer or his representati#e.

'(6.5. Such re4uest shall be in )ilipino or En"lish an !ay be !ae at any ti!e %ithin si1 263 !onths beforethe e1piration of the perio for %hich the re"istration %as issue or rene%e, or it !ay be !ae %ithin si1 263!onths after such e1piration on pay!ent of the aitional fee herein prescribe.'(6.;. If the Office refuses to rene% the re"istration, it shall notify the re"istrant of his refusal an the reasonstherefor.

'(6.(. An applicant for rene%al not o!icile in the =hilippines shall be sub&ect to an co!ply %ith there4uire!ents of this Act. 2Sec. '7, R. A. No. '66a3

<. Ri"hts ConferreSec. '( 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C as a!ene by RA No. 87-5 2ni#ersally AccessibleCheaper an uality Beicines Act of 5--3

Sec. '(. $ights Conferred< *'(.'. The o%ner of a re"istere !ar+ shall ha#e the e1clusi#e ri"ht to pre#ent all thir parties not ha#in" theo%ner0s consent fro! usin" in the course of trae ientical or si!ilar si"ns or containers for "oos or ser#ices%hich are ientical or si!ilar to those in respect of %hich the trae!ar+ is re"istere %here such use %oul

29



result in a li+elihoo of confusion. In case of the use, of an ientical si"n for ientical "oos or ser#ices, ali+elihoo of confusion shall be presu!e.'(.5. The e1clusi#e ri"ht of the o%ner of a %ell*+no%n !ar+ efine in Subsection '5;.'2e3 %hich isre"istere in the =hilippines, shall e1ten to "oos an ser#ices %hich are not si!ilar to those in respect of %hich the !ar+ is re"istere: Provided, That use of that !ar+ in relation to those "oos or ser#ices %oulinicate a connection bet%een those "oos or ser#ices an the o%ner of the re"istere !ar+: Provided,further, That the interests of the o%ner of the re"istere !ar+ are li+ely to be a!a"e by such use.

Sec. '(, I=C

Sec. '(. U!e of Ind"&at"on! $) Th"rd 'art"e! for 'urpo!e! Other than tho!e for h"&h the %ar3 "! U!ed. *

Re"istration of the !ar+ shall not confer on the re"istere o%ner the ri"ht to preclue thir parties fro! usin" bonafie their na!es, aresses, pseuony!s, a "eo"raphical na!e, or e1act inications concernin" the +in, 4uality,4uantity, estination, #alue, place of ori"in, or ti!e of prouction or of supply, of their "oos or ser#ices: 'rov"ded/That such use is confine to the purposes of !ere ientification or infor!ation an cannot !islea the public as to thesource of the "oos or ser#ices.

SECTION (.5 in relation to SECTIONs an , 85, I=C

(.5. The ter! 9te&hnoog) tran!fer arrange#ent!9 refers to contracts or a"ree!ents in#ol#in" the transfer of syste!atic +no%le"e for the !anufacture of a prouct, the application of a process, or renerin" of a ser#iceincluin" !ana"e!ent contracts/ an the transfer, assi"n!ent or licensin" of all for!s of intellectual property ri"hts,incluin" licensin" of co!puter soft%are e1cept co!puter soft%are e#elope for !ass !ar+et.

in relation to:

Sec. . Prohibited Clauses< * E1cept in cases uner Section 8', the follo%in" pro#isions shall be ee!e pri!a facieto ha#e an a#erse on co!petition an trae:

.'. Those %hich i!pose upon the licensee the obli"ation to ac4uire fro! a specific source capital "oos,inter!eiate proucts, ra% !aterials, an other technolo"ies, or of per!anently e!ployin" personnelinicate by the licensor/.5. Those pursuant to %hich the licensor reser#es the ri"ht to fi1 the sale or resale prices of the proucts!anufacture on the basis of the license/.;. Those that contain restrictions re"arin" the #olu!e an structure of prouction/.( Those that prohibit the use of co!petiti#e technolo"ies in a non*e1clusi#e technolo"y transfera"ree!ent/.7. Those that establish a full or partial purchase option in fa#or of the licensor/.6. Those that obli"ate the licensee to transfer for free to the licensor the in#entions or i!pro#e!ents that!ay be obtaine throu"h the use of the license technolo"y/.. Those that re4uire pay!ent of royalties to the o%ners of patents for patents %hich are not use/.. Those that prohibit the licensee to e1port the license prouct unless &ustifie for the protection of the

le"iti!ate interest of the licensor such as e1ports to countries %here e1clusi#e licenses to !anufacture anDoristribute the license prouct2s3 ha#e alreay been "rante/.8. Those %hich restrict the use of the technolo"y supplie after the e1piration of the technolo"y transferarran"e!ent, e1cept in cases of early ter!ination of the technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent ue to reason2s3attributable to the licensee/.'-. Those %hich re4uire pay!ents for patents an other inustrial property ri"hts after their e1piration,ter!ination arran"e!ent/.''. Those %hich re4uire that the technolo"y recipient shall not contest the #aliity of any of the patents of the technolo"y supplier/.'5. Those %hich restrict the research an e#elop!ent acti#ities of the licensee esi"ne to absorb anaapt the transferre technolo"y to local conitions or to initiate research an e#elop!ent pro"ra!s inconnection %ith ne% proucts, processes or e4uip!ent/.';. Those %hich pre#ent the licensee fro! aaptin" the i!porte technolo"y to local conitions, orintroucin" inno#ation to it, as lon" as it oes not i!pair the 4uality stanars prescribe by the licensor/.'(. Those %hich e1e!pt the licensor for liability for non*fulfill!ent of his responsibilities uner the

technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent anDor liability arisin" fro! thir party suits brou"ht about by the use of thelicense prouct or the license technolo"y/ an.'7. Other clauses %ith e4ui#alent effects. 2Sec. ;;*CM5, R. A. '67a3

Sec. . andatory Provisions< * The follo%in" pro#isions shall be inclue in #oluntary license contracts:.'. That the la%s of the =hilippines shall "o#ern the interpretation of the sa!e an in the e#ent of liti"ation,the #enue shall be the proper court in the place %here the licensee has its principal office/.5. Continue access to i!pro#e!ents in techni4ues an processes relate to the technolo"y shall be !aea#ailable urin" the perio of the technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent/.;. In the e#ent the technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent shall pro#ie for arbitration, the =roceure of Arbitration of the Arbitration La% of the =hilippines or the Arbitration Rules of the nite Nations Co!!issionon International Trae La% 2NCITRAL3 or the Rules of Conciliation an Arbitration of the InternationalCha!ber of Co!!erce 2ICC3 shall apply an the #enue of arbitration shall be the =hilippines or any neutralcountry/ an.(. The =hilippine ta1es on all pay!ents relatin" to the technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent shall be borne by

the licensor.

Sec. 85. &on.$egistration with the Documentation, -nformation and %echnology %ransfer /ureau< * Technolo"ytransfer arran"e!ents that confor! %ith the pro#isions of Sections 6 an nee not be re"istere %ith the>ocu!entation, Infor!ation an Technolo"y Transfer 9ureau. Non*confor!ance %ith any of the pro#isions of Sections an , ho%e#er, shall auto!atically rener the technolo"y transfer arran"e!ent unenforceable, unless saitechnolo"y transfer arran"e!ent is appro#e an re"istere %ith the >ocu!entation, Infor!ation an Technolo"yTransfer 9ureau uner the pro#isions of Section 8' on e1ceptional cases.

Sec. '(8 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '(8. Assignment and %ransfer of Application and $egistration< .

30



'(8.'. An application for re"istration of a !ar+, or its re"istration, !ay be assi"ne or transferre %ith or%ithout the transfer of the business usin" the !ar+. 2n3'(8.5. Such assi"n!ent or transfer shall, ho%e#er, be null an #oi if it is liable to !islea the public,particularly as re"ars the nature, source, !anufacturin" process, characteristics, or suitability for theirpurpose, of the "oos or ser#ices to %hich the !ar+ is applie.'(8.;. The assi"n!ent of the application for re"istration of a !ar+, or of its re"istration, shall be in %ritin"an re4uire the si"natures of the contractin" parties. Transfers by !er"ers or other for!s of succession !aybe !ae by any ocu!ent supportin" such transfer.'(8.(. Assi"n!ents an transfers of re"istration of !ar+s shall be recore at the Office on pay!ent of theprescribe fee/ assi"n!ent an transfers of applications for re"istration shall, on pay!ent of the sa!e fee, bepro#isionally recore, an the !ar+, %hen re"istere, shall be in the na!e of the assi"nee or transferee.

'(8.7. Assi"n!ents an transfers shall ha#e no effect a"ainst thir parties until they are recore at theOffice. 2Sec. ;', R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. '7- 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '7-. #icense Contracts< . '7-.'. Any license contract concernin" the re"istration of a !ar+, or an application therefor, shall pro#ie foreffecti#e control by the licensor of the 4uality of the "oos or ser#ices of the licensee in connection %ith %hichthe !ar+ is use. If the license contract oes not pro#ie for such 4uality control, or if such 4uality control isnot effecti#ely carrie out, the license contract shall not be #ali.'7-.5. A license contract shall be sub!itte to the Office %hich shall +eep its contents confiential but shallrecor it an publish a reference thereto. A license contract shall ha#e no effect a"ainst thir parties until suchrecorin" is effecte. The Re"ulations shall fi1 the proceure for the recorin" of the license contract.

Sec. 5;', I=C

Sec. 5;'. $everse $eciprocity of "oreign #aws< * Any conition, restriction, li!itation, i!inution, re4uire!ent, penaltyor any si!ilar buren i!pose by the la% of a forei"n country on a =hilippine national see+in" protection of intellectualproperty ri"hts in that country, shall reciprocally be enforceable upon nationals of sai country, %ithin =hilippine &urisiction.

Is there infrin"e!ent e#en if the "oos are non*co!petin"K Ang T"$a) v. Teodoro, ( =hil 7-Chua Che v. 'h""pp"ne 'atent Off"&e/ '; SCRA 6 2'8673.Sta. Ana v. %a"at , 5( SCRA '-'h""pp"ne Ref"n"ng Co#pan) v. Ng Sa#, ''7 SCRA (5E!!o Standard Ea!tern/ In&. v. CA, ''6 SCRA ;;6H"&3o3 %anufa&tur"ng Co. v. CA, ''6 SCRA ;(a$erge v. IAC , 5'7 SCRA ;'6Canon Ka$u!h"3" v. CA, ;;6 SCRA 566 25---3

'ear 4 Dean v. Shoe#art , (-8 SCRA 5;' 25--;30=> Corporat"on v. Daa) , ('6 SCRA ;'7 25--;3Bi"hty Corporation #s. < ? 5 (allo Winery G.R. No. '7(;(5, ?uly '(, 5--(So&"ete De! 'rodu"t! Ne!te v. CA, ;76 SCRA 5- 25--'3Lev" Strau!! v. C"nton Apparee, GR No. ';8--, 5- Septe!ber 5--7SECTION 5-, RA '66 as co!pare to Sec. ';, I=CIssue of =arallel I!portation:

Yu v. CA, 5' SCRA ;5T&i<&$ #i$ C#'#'&/i#$: L/*.: -. #i$ E%(/'#$i( C#.: I$(.: G.R. No. 5-8(;,Barch 57, 5-'7

I. Re!eiesSec. ;, I=C

Sec. ;. -nternational Conventions and $eciprocity< * Any person %ho is a national or %ho is o!icile or has a real aneffecti#e inustrial establish!ent in a country %hich is a party to any con#ention, treaty or a"ree!ent relatin" tointellectual property ri"hts or the repression of unfair co!petition, to %hich the =hilippines is also a party, or e1tensreciprocal ri"hts to nationals of the =hilippines by la%, shall be entitle to benefits to the e1tent necessary to "i#eeffect to any pro#ision of such con#ention, treaty or reciprocal la%, in aition to the ri"hts to %hich any o%ner of anintellectual property ri"ht is other%ise entitle by this Act.

Sec. '6-, I=C

Sec. '6-. $ight of "oreign Corporation to Sue in %rademark or Service ark nforcement Action<* Any forei"n nationalor &uriical person %ho !eets the re4uire!ents of Section ; of this Act an oes not en"a"e in business in the=hilippines !ay brin" a ci#il or a!inistrati#e action hereuner for opposition, cancellation, infrin"e!ent, unfairco!petition, or false esi"nation of ori"in an false escription, %hether or not it is license to o business in the=hilippines uner e1istin" la%s. 2Sec. 5'*A, R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. 5;', I=C

Sec. 5;'. Rever!e Re&"pro&"t) of (ore"gn La!. * Any conition, restriction, li!itation, i!inution, re4uire!ent,penalty or any si!ilar buren i!pose by the la% of a forei"n country on a =hilippine national see+in" protection of intellectual property ri"hts in that country, shall reciprocally be enforceable upon nationals of sai country, %ithin=hilippine &urisiction.

Lev"ton Indu!tr"e! v. Savador , ''( SCRA (5-'u#a v. IAC , '7 SCRA 5;;La Che#"!e La&o!te v. (ernande? , '58 SCRA ;;

RULE # P'#(%*,'% #' I$/%%(/,& P'#%'/ Ri)/ C&% A.". N#. 10310SC

31



'. A!inistrati#ea3 Cancellation =roceein"sSec. '7' 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '7'. Cancellation< . '7'.'. A petition to cancel a re"istration of a !ar+ uner this Act !ay be file %ith the 9ureau of Le"al Affairsby any person %ho belie#es that he is or %ill be a!a"e by the re"istration of a !ar+ uner this Act asfollo%s:

2a3 Hithin fi#e 273 years fro! the ate of the re"istration of the !ar+ uner this Act.2b3 At any ti!e, if the re"istere !ar+ beco!es the "eneric na!e for the "oos or ser#ices, or a

portion thereof, for %hich it is re"istere, or has been abanone, or its re"istration %as obtainefrauulently or contrary to the pro#isions of this Act, or if the re"istere !ar+ is bein" use by, or%ith the per!ission of, the re"istrant so as to !isrepresent the source of the "oos or ser#ices on orin connection %ith %hich the !ar+ is use. If the re"istere !ar+ beco!es the "eneric na!e for lessthan all of the "oos or ser#ices for %hich it is re"istere, a petition to cancel the re"istration for onlythose "oos or ser#ices !ay be file. A re"istere !ar+ shall not be ee!e to be the "eneric na!eof "oos or ser#ices solely because such !ar+ is also use as a na!e of or to ientify a uni4ueprouct or ser#ice. The pri!ary si"nificance of the re"istere !ar+ to the rele#ant public rather thanpurchaser !oti#ation shall be the test for eter!inin" %hether the re"istere !ar+ has beco!e the"eneric na!e of "oos or ser#ices on or in connection %ith %hich it has been use. 2n32c3 At any ti!e, if the re"istere o%ner of the !ar+ %ithout le"iti!ate reason fails to use the !ar+%ithin the =hilippines, or to cause it to be use in the =hilippines by #irtue of a license urin" anuninterrupte perio of three 2;3 years or lon"er.

'7'.5. Not%ithstanin" the fore"oin" pro#isions, the court or the a!inistrati#e a"ency #este %ith &urisiction to hear an a&uicate any action to enforce the ri"hts to a re"istere !ar+ shall li+e%ise e1ercise

&urisiction to eter!ine %hether the re"istration of sai !ar+ !ay be cancelle in accorance %ith this Act.The filin" of a suit to enforce the re"istere !ar+ %ith the proper court or a"ency shall e1clue any othercourt or a"ency fro! assu!in" &urisiction o#er a subse4uently file petition to cancel the sa!e !ar+. On theother han, the earlier filin" of petition to cancel the !ar+ %ith the 9ureau of Le"al Affairs shall not constitutea pre&uicial 4uestion that !ust be resol#e before an action to enforce the ri"hts to sa!e re"istere !ar+!ay be ecie. 2Sec. ', R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. '75 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '75. &on.use of a ark When !cused< . '75.'. Non*use of a !ar+ !ay be e1cuse if cause by circu!stances arisin" inepenently of the %ill of thetrae!ar+ o%ner. Lac+ of funs shall not e1cuse non*use of a !ar+.'75.5. The use of the !ar+ in a for! ifferent fro! the for! in %hich it is re"istere, %hich oes not alter itsistincti#e character, shall not be "roun for cancellation or re!o#al of the !ar+ an shall not i!inish theprotection "rante to the !ar+.

'75.;. The use of a !ar+ in connection %ith one or !ore of the "oos or ser#ices belon"in" to the class inrespect of %hich the !ar+ is re"istere shall pre#ent its cancellation or re!o#al in respect of all other "oos orser#ices of the sa!e class.'75.(. The use of a !ar+ by a co!pany relate %ith the re"istrant or applicant shall inure to the latter0sbenefit, an such use shall not affect the #aliity of such !ar+ or of its re"istration: =ro#ie, That such !ar+is not use in such !anner as to ecei#e the public. If use of a !ar+ by a person is controlle by there"istrant or applicant %ith respect to the nature an 4uality of the "oos or ser#ices, such use shall inure tothe benefit of the re"istrant or applicant.

SECTIONs '7; an '7(, I=C

Sec. '7;. $e:uirements of Petition0 &otice and =earing< * Insofar as applicable, the petition for cancellation shall be in

the sa!e for! as that pro#ie in Section ';( hereof, an notice an hearin" shall be as pro#ie in Section ';7hereof.

Sec. '7(. Cancellation of $egistration< * If the 9ureau of Le"al Affairs fins that a case for cancellation has been !aeout, it shall orer the cancellation of the re"istration. Hhen the orer or &u"!ent beco!es final, any ri"ht conferreby such re"istration upon the re"istrant or any person in interest of recor shall ter!inate. Notice of cancellation shallbe publishe in the I=O Ga$ette. 2Sec. '8. R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. 5;-, I=C

Sec. 5;-. E-u"ta$e 'r"n&"pe! to Govern 'ro&eed"ng!. * In all inter partes proceein"s in the Office uner this Act,the e4uitable principles of laches, estoppel, an ac4uiescence %here applicable, !ay be consiere an applie. 2Sec.8*A, R. A. No. '673

Sec. 5;5.5, I=C

5;5.5. nless e1pressly pro#ie in this Act or other statutes, appeals fro! ecisions of a!inistrati#e officials shall bepro#ie in the Re"ulations.

Ro#ero v. %a"den (or#, '- SCRA 776'h""pp"ne Nut Indu!tr) v. Standard *rand! In& ., 67 SCRA 77 An&hor Trad"ng Co. v. D"re&tor of 'atent!, 88 =hil.'-(-Coro2 Co#pan) v. D"re&tor of 'atent!, 5- SCRA 867 2'8636over"ne 6ord"de/ In&. v. CA, '68 SCRA 65 2'883Shangr"a v. CA, ;78 SCRA 5; 2'8883Super"or Co##er&"a Enterpr"!e! v!. Kunnan Enterpr"!e! Ltd./ G.R. No. '688(, April5-, 5-'-.

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b3 Intellectual =roperty Ri"hts iolationsSec. '-253 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

'-.5. 2a3 E1ercise ori"inal &urisiction in a!inistrati#e co!plaints for #iolations of la%s in#ol#in" intellectualproperty ri"hts: Provided, That its &urisiction is li!ite to co!plaints %here the total a!a"es clai!e arenot less than T%o hunre thousan pesos 2=5--,---3: Provided, further , That a#ail!ent of the pro#isionalre!eies !ay be "rante in accorance %ith the Rules of Court. The >irector of Le"al Affairs shall ha#e thepo%er to hol an punish for conte!pt all those %ho isre"ar orers or %rits issue in the course of theproceein"s.2b3 After for!al in#esti"ation, the >irector for Le"al Affairs !ay i!pose one 2'3 or !ore of the follo%in"a!inistrati#e penalties:

2i3 The issuance of a cease an esist orer %hich shall specify the acts that the responent shallcease an esist fro! an shall re4uire hi! to sub!it a co!pliance report %ithin a reasonable ti!e%hich shall be fi1e in the orer/2ii3 The acceptance of a #oluntary assurance of co!pliance or iscontinuance as !ay be i!pose.Such #oluntary assurance !ay inclue one or !ore of the follo%in":

2'3 An assurance to co!ply %ith the pro#isions of the intellectual property la% #iolate/253 An assurance to refrain fro! en"a"in" in unla%ful an unfair acts an practices sub&ect of the for!al in#esti"ation/2;3 An assurance to recall, replace, repair, or refun the !oney #alue of efecti#e "oosistribute in co!!erce/ an2(3 An assurance to rei!burse the co!plainant the e1penses an costs incurre inprosecutin" the case in the 9ureau of Le"al Affairs.The >irector of Le"al Affairs !ay also re4uire the responent to sub!it perioic co!pliancereports an file a bon to "uarantee co!pliance of his unerta+in"/

2iii3 The cone!nation or sei$ure of proucts %hich are sub&ect of the offense. The "oos sei$ehereuner shall be ispose of in such !anner as !ay be ee!e appropriate by the >irector of Le"al Affairs, such as by sale, onation to istresse local "o#ern!ents or to charitable or relief institutions, e1portation, recyclin" into other "oos, or any co!bination thereof, uner such"uielines as he !ay pro#ie/2i#3 The forfeiture of paraphernalia an all real an personal properties %hich ha#e been use in theco!!ission of the offense/2#3 The i!position of a!inistrati#e fines in such a!ount as ee!e reasonable by the >irector of Le"al Affairs, %hich shall in no case be less than )i#e thousan pesos 2=7,---3 nor !ore than Onehunre fifty thousan pesos 2='7-,---3. In aition, an aitional fine of not !ore than Onethousan pesos 2=',---3 shall be i!pose for each ay of continuin" #iolation/2#i3 The cancellation of any per!it, license, authority, or re"istration %hich !ay ha#e been "rante bythe Office, or the suspension of the #aliity thereof for such perio of ti!e as the >irector of Le"alAffairs !ay ee! reasonable %hich shall not e1cee one 2'3 year/2#ii3 The %ithholin" of any per!it, license, authority, or re"istration %hich is bein" secure by the

responent fro! the Office/2#iii3 The assess!ent of a!a"es/2i13 Censure/ an213 Other analo"ous penalties or sanctions. 2Secs. 6, , , an 8, E1ecuti#e Orer No. 8'; M'8;a3

Sec. 5;5, I=C

Sec. 5;5. Appeals< *

5;5.' Appeals fro! ecisions of re"ular courts shall be "o#erne by the Rules of Court. nless restraine by ahi"her court, the &u"!ent of the trial court shall be e1ecutory e#en penin" appeal uner such ter!s anconitions as the court !ay prescribe.5;5.5. nless e1pressly pro#ie in this Act or other statutes, appeals fro! ecisions of a!inistrati#e officialsshall be pro#ie in the Re"ulations.

Sec. 5;5.5, I=C

5;5.5. nless e1pressly pro#ie in this Act or other statutes, appeals fro! ecisions of a!inistrati#e officials shall bepro#ie in the Re"ulations.

IN5N5Out *urger v. Sehan" , G.R. No. '8'5. >ece!ber 5(, 5--.

c3 =rohibition of I!portationSec. '66, I=C

Sec. '66. (oods /earing -nfringing arks or %rade &ames< * No article of i!porte !erchanise %hich shall copy orsi!ulate the na!e of any o!estic prouct, or !anufacturer, or ealer, or %hich shall copy or si!ulate a !ar+re"istere in accorance %ith the pro#isions of this Act, or shall bear a !ar+ or trae na!e calculate to inuce thepublic to belie#e that the article is !anufacture in the =hilippines, or that it is !anufacture in any forei"n country orlocality other than the country or locality %here it is in fact !anufacture, shall be a!itte to entry at anycusto!house of the =hilippines. In orer to ai the officers of the custo!s ser#ice in enforcin" this prohibition, anyperson %ho is entitle to the benefits of this Act, !ay re4uire that his na!e an resience, an the na!e of thelocality in %hich his "oos are !anufacture, a copy of the certificate of re"istration of his !ar+ or trae na!e, to berecore in boo+s %hich shall be +ept for this purpose in the 9ureau of Custo!s, uner such re"ulations as theCollector of Custo!s %ith the appro#al of the Secretary of )inance shall prescribe, an !ay furnish to the sai 9ureaufacsi!iles of his na!e, the na!e of the locality in %hich his "oos are !anufacture, or his re"istere !ar+ or traena!e, an thereupon the Collector of Custo!s shall cause one 2'3 or !ore copies of the sa!e to be trans!itte toeach collector or to other proper officer of the 9ureau of Custo!s. 2Sec. ;7, R. A. No. '663

5. Ci#ila3 Infrin"e!entSec. '77 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

33



Sec. '77. $emedies0 -nfringement< * Any person %ho shall, %ithout the consent of the o%ner of the re"istere !ar+:

'77.'. se in co!!erce any reprouction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable i!itation of a re"istere !ar+ or thesa!e container or a o!inant feature thereof in connection %ith the sale, offerin" for sale, istribution,a#ertisin" of any "oos or ser#ices incluin" other preparatory steps necessary to carry out the sale of any"oos or ser#ices on or in connection %ith %hich such use is li+ely to cause confusion, or to cause !ista+e, orto ecei#e/ or'77.5. Reprouce, counterfeit, copy or colorably i!itate a re"istere !ar+ or a o!inant feature thereof anapply such reprouction, counterfeit, copy or colorable i!itation to labels, si"ns, prints, pac+a"es, %rappers,receptacles or a#ertise!ents intene to be use in co!!erce upon or in connection %ith the sale, offerin"for sale, istribution, or a#ertisin" of "oos or ser#ices on or in connection %ith %hich such use is li+ely tocause confusion, or to cause !ista+e, or to ecei#e, shall be liable in a ci#il action for infrin"e!ent by there"istrant for the re!eies hereinafter set forth: =ro#ie, That the infrin"e!ent ta+es place at the !o!entany of the acts state in Subsection'77.' or this subsection are co!!itte re"arless of %hether there is actual sale of "oos or ser#ices usin"the infrin"in" !aterial. 2Sec. 55, R. A. No '66a3

Sec. '76 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '76. Actions, and Damages and -n+unction for -nfringement< *'76.'. The o%ner of a re"istere !ar+ !ay reco#er a!a"es fro! any person %ho infrin"es his ri"hts, anthe !easure of the a!a"es suffere shall be either the reasonable profit %hich the co!plainin" party %oulha#e !ae, ha the efenant not infrin"e his ri"hts, or the profit %hich the efenant actually !ae out of the infrin"e!ent, or in the e#ent such !easure of a!a"es cannot be reaily ascertaine %ith reasonablecertainty, then the court !ay a%ar as a!a"es a reasonable percenta"e base upon the a!ount of "rosssales of the efenant or the #alue of the ser#ices in connection %ith %hich the !ar+ or trae na!e %as usein the infrin"e!ent of the ri"hts of the co!plainin" party. 2Sec. 5;, )irst =ar., R. A. No. '66a3'76.5. On application of the co!plainant, the court !ay i!poun urin" the penency of the action, salesin#oices an other ocu!ents e#iencin" sales. 2n3'76.;. In cases %here actual intent to !islea the public or to efrau the co!plainant is sho%n, in theiscretion of the court, the a!a"es !ay be ouble. 2Sec. 5;, )irst =ar., R. A. No. '663'76.(. The co!plainant, upon proper sho%in", !ay also be "rante in&unction. 2Sec. 5;, Secon =ar., R. A.No. '66a3

Sec. '7 2an its sub*para"raphs3. I=C

Sec. '7. Power of Court to Order -nfringing aterial Destroyed< . '7.'. In any action arisin" uner this Act, in %hich a #iolation of any ri"ht of the o%ner of the re"istere!ar+ is establishe, the court !ay orer that "oos foun to be infrin"in" be, %ithout co!pensation of anysort, ispose of outsie the channels of co!!erce in such a !anner as to a#oi any har! cause to the ri"htholer, or estroye/ an all labels, si"ns, prints, pac+a"es, %rappers, receptacles an a#ertise!ents in thepossession of the efenant, bearin" the re"istere !ar+ or trae na!e or any reprouction, counterfeit, copy

or colorable i!itation thereof, all plates, !ols, !atrices an other !eans of !a+in" the sa!e, shall beeli#ere up an estroye.'7.5. In re"ar to counterfeit "oos, the si!ple re!o#al of the trae!ar+ affi1e shall not be sufficient otherthan in e1ceptional cases %hich shall be eter!ine by the Re"ulations, to per!it the release of the "oosinto the channels of co!!erce. 2Sec. 5(, R. A. No. '66a3.

Sec. '7, I=C

Sec. '7. Damages0 $e:uirement of &otice< . In any suit for infrin"e!ent, the o%ner of the re"istere !ar+ shall notbe entitle to reco#er profits or a!a"es unless the acts ha#e been co!!itte %ith +no%le"e that such i!itation isli+ely to cause confusion, or to cause !ista+e, or to ecei#e. Such +no%le"e is presu!e if the re"istrant "i#es noticethat his !ar+ is re"istere by isplayin" %ith the !ar+ the %ors @Re"istere Bar+@ or the letter R %ithin a circle or if the efenant ha other%ise actual notice of the re"istration. 2Sec. 5', R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. '78 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C, as a!ene by RA No. 87-5 2ni#ersally Accessible

Cheaper an uality Beicines Act of 5--3

Sec. '78. #imitations to Actions for -nfringement< * Not%ithstanin" any other pro#ision of this Act, the re!eies "i#ento the o%ner of a ri"ht infrin"e uner this Act shall be li!ite as follo%s:

'78.' Not%ithstanin" the pro#isions of Section '77 hereof, a re"istere !ar+ shall ha#e no effect a"ainst anyperson %ho, in "oo faith, before the filin" ate or the priority ate, %as usin" the !ar+ for the purposes of his business or enterprise: =ro#ie, That his ri"ht !ay only be transferre or assi"ne to"ether %ith hisenterprise or business or %ith that part of his enterprise or business in %hich the !ar+ is use.'78.5 Hhere an infrin"er %ho is en"a"e solely in the business of printin" the !ar+ or other infrin"in"!aterials for others is an innocent infrin"er, the o%ner of the ri"ht infrin"e shall be entitle as a"ainst suchinfrin"er only to an in&unction a"ainst future printin".'78.;. Hhere the infrin"e!ent co!plaine of is containe in or is part of pai a#ertise!ent in a ne%spaper,!a"a$ine, or other si!ilar perioical or in an electronic co!!unication, the re!eies of the o%ner of the ri"htinfrin"e as a"ainst the publisher or istributor of such ne%spaper, !a"a$ine, or other si!ilar perioical orelectronic co!!unication shall be li!ite to an in&unction a"ainst the presentation of such a#ertisin" !atter

in future issues of such ne%spapers, !a"a$ines, or other si!ilar perioicals or in future trans!issions of suchelectronic co!!unications. The li!itations of this subpara"raph shall apply only to innocent infrin"ers:=ro#ie, That such in&uncti#e relief shall not be a#ailable to the o%ner of the ri"ht infrin"e %ith respect to anissue of a ne%spaper, !a"a$ine, or other si!ilar perioical or an electronic co!!unication containin"infrin"in" !atter %here restrainin" the isse!ination of such infrin"in" !atter in any particular issue of suchperioical or in an electronic co!!unication %oul elay the eli#ery of such issue or trans!ission of suchelectronic co!!unication is custo!arily conucte in accorance %ith the soun business practice, an notue to any !etho or e#ice aopte to e#ae this section or to pre#ent or elay the issuance of an in&unctionor restrainin" orer %ith respect to such infrin"in" !atter.

Sec. '6', I=C

34



Sec. '6'. Author"t) to Deter#"ne R"ght to Reg"!trat"on. * In any action in#ol#in" a re"istere !ar+, the court!ay eter!ine the ri"ht to re"istration, orer the cancellation of a re"istration, in %hole or in part, an other%iserectify the re"ister %ith respect to the re"istration of any party to the action in the e1ercise of this. ?u"!ent anorers shall be certifie by the court to the >irector, %ho shall !a+e appropriate entry upon the recors of the 9ureau,an shall be controlle thereby. 2Sec. 57, R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. '6;, I=C

Sec. '6;. 5urisdiction of Court< * All actions uner Sections '7-, '77, '6(, an '66 to '68 shall be brou"ht before theproper courts %ith appropriate &urisiction uner e1istin" la%s. 2Sec. 5, R. A. No. '663

Sec. '6(, I=C

Sec. '6(. &otice of "iling Suit (iven to the Director< * It shall be the uty of the cler+s of such courts %ithin one 2'3!onth after the filin" of any action, suit, or proceein" in#ol#in" a !ar+ re"istere uner the pro#isions of this Act, tonotify the >irector in %ritin" settin" forth: the na!es an aresses of the liti"ants an esi"natin" the nu!ber of there"istration or re"istrations an %ithin one 2'3 !onth after the &u"!ent is entere or an appeal is ta+en, the cler+ of court shall "i#e notice thereof to the Office, an the latter shall enorse the sa!e upon the file%rapper of the saire"istration or re"istrations an incorporate the sa!e as a part of the contents of sai file%rapper.

Sec. 5;5, I=C


5;5.' Appeals fro! ecisions of re"ular courts shall be "o#erne by the Rules of Court. nless restraine by ahi"her court, the &u"!ent of the trial court shall be e1ecutory e#en penin" appeal uner such ter!s anconitions as the court !ay prescribe.

5;5.5. nless e1pressly pro#ie in this Act or other statutes, appeals fro! ecisions of a!inistrati#e officialsshall be pro#ie in the Re"ulations.

RULE #$ S%&'() &$* S%i+,'% i$ Ci-i A(/i#$ #' I$'i$%%$/ # I$/%%(/,&P'#%'/ Ri)/ A.". N#. 02106SC

A.". N#. 02106SC ;&$,&' 30: 2002

RULE ON SEARCH AND SEIURE IN CIVIL ACTIONS !OR IN!RINGE"ENT O! INTELLECTUAL PROPERTYRIGHTS

%he $ule shall take effect on "ebruary 1@, 3773 following its, publication in two )3* newspapers of general circulationon or before 5anuary 47, 3773<

RULE ON SEARCH AND SEIURE IN CIVIL ACTIONS !OR IN!RINGE"ENT O! INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

RIGHTS

S%(/i#$ 1. Coverage< * This Rule shall "o#ern the pro#isional sei$ure an i!pounin" of ocu!ents an articles inpenin" an intene ci#il actions for the purpose of pre#entin" infrin"e!ent an preser#in" rele#ant e#ience inre"ar to alle"e infrin"e!ent uner Republic Act No. 58;, other%ise +no%n as the Intellectual property Coe of the=hilippines, Article 7- of the A"ree!ent on Trae Relate Aspects of intellectual =roperty Ri"hts, other%ise +no%n asTRI=S an other relate la%s an international con#entions.

S%(/i#$ 2. %he writ of search and sei;ure< * Hhere any elay is li+ely to cause irreparable har! to the intellectualproperty ri"ht holer or %here there is e!onstrable ris+ of e#ience bein" estroye, the intellectual property ri"htholer or his uly authori$e representati#e in a penin" ci#il action for infrin"e!ent or %ho intens to co!!ence suchan action !ay apply e! parte for the issuance of a %rit of search an sei$ure irectin" the alle"e infrin"in" efenantor e1pecte a#erse party to a!it into his pre!ises the persons na!e in the orer an to allo% the search,inspection, copyin", photo"raphin", auio an auio#isual recorin" or sei$ure of any ocu!ent an article specifie inthe orer.

S%(/i#$ 3. Where application filed< . The application shall be file %ith any of the Re"ional Trial Courts of the &uicialre"ion esi"nate to try #iolations of intellectual property ri"hts statione at the place %here the alle"e #iolationoccurre or is to occur, or !e place to be searche, at the election of the applicant. =ro#ie, ho%e#er, that %here theco!plaint for infrin"e!ent has a'reay been file, the application shall be !ae in the court %here the case isrenin".

S%(/i#$ 4. erified application and affidavits< * The applicant shall file a #erifie application alle"in" the "roun upon%hich it is base an the specific escription an location of the ocu!ents an articles to be searche, inspecte,copie or sei$e an their #alue. It shall also state the na!es of the applicant, his representati#e, %itnesses ancounsel %ho %ill atten the search in the e#ent that the application is "rante. The application shall be supporte byaffia#its of %itnesses %ho personally +no% the facts an by authenticate or certifie ocu!ents.

The application shall contain a certification a"ainst foru! shoppin" as prescribe by Section 7, Rule of the '88 Rulesof Ci#il =roceure.

The applicant shall unerta+e in his application that he %ill not use any of the ocu!ents, articles or infor!ationobtaine by reason of the search an sei$ure for any purpose other than in the action in %hich the %rit is issue.

S%(/i#$ 5. !amination of applicant0 record0 confidentiality of proceedings< * The application shall be acte upon%ithin t%enty*four 25(3 hours fro! its filin"/ The &u"e !ust, before issuin" the %rit, e1a!ine in the for! of searchin"4uestions an ans%ers, in %ritin" an uner oath or affir!ation, the applicant an the %itnesses he !ay prouce onfacts personally +no%n to the!. The e1a!ination of the applicant an his %itnesses shall be recore. Their s%ornstate!ents an their affia#its shall for! part of the recor of the case.

The hearin" on the application for the %rit shall be hel in the cha!bers of the &u"e. Court personnel shall !aintainthe confientiality of the application proceein".lawphi1<net

35



The court !ay re4uire the applicant to "i#e other infor!ation necessary for the ientification of the articles anocu!ents to be searche, inspecte, copie or sei$e an the pre!ises to be searche. Hhere feasible, it !ay irectthe applicant to sub!it copies an photo"raphs of the ocu!ents or articles to be sei$e an i!poune.

S%(/i#$ 6. (rounds for the issuance of the order< * 9efore the Orer can be issue, the e#ience proffere by theapplicant an personally e#aluate by the &u"e !ust sho% that:

2a3 the applicant is the ri"ht holer or his uly authori$e representati#e/

2b3 there is probable cause to belie#e that the applicants ri"ht is bein" infrin"e or that such infrin"e!ent isi!!inent an there is a prima facie case for final relief a"ainst the alle"e infrin"in" efenant or e1pecte

a#erse party/

2c3 a!a"e, potential or actual, li+ely to be cause to the applicant is irreparable/

23 there is e!onstrable ris+ of e#ience that the alle"e infrin"in" efenant or e1pecte a#erse party!ay estroy, hie or re!o#e the ocu!ents or articles before any application inter partes can be !ae/ an

2e3 the ocu!ents an articles to be sei$e constitute e#ience of the alle"e infrin"in" efenants ore1pecte a#erse partys infrin"in" acti#ity or that they infrin"e upon the intellectual property ri"ht of theapplicant or that they are use or intene to be use as !eans of infrin"in" the applicants intellectualproperty ri"ht.

S%(/i#$ 7. When writ may issue< * If the &u"e is satisfie %ith the proof of facts upon %hich the application is base,he shall issue the %rit re4uirin" the search, inspection or copyin" of the sub&ect ocu!ents or articles or co!!anin"the sheriff to ta+e the! into his custoy sub&ect to the control of the court. The enforce!ent of the %rit shall be

super#ise by an inepenent Co!!issioner to be appointe by the court.

S%(/i#$ 8. Contents of the writ< * The %rit shall contain the follo%in":

2a3 an orer to the alle"e infrin"in" efenant, e1pecte a#erse party or to the person %ho appears to be inchar"e or in control of the pre!ises or resiin" or %or+in" therein to per!it the persons na!e in the %rit toenter into the pre!ises for the purpose of searchin", inspectin", copyin", or re!o#in" fro! the pre!ises antransferrin" to the custoy of the sheriff an sub&ect to the control of the court the sub&ect ocu!ents anarticles/

2b3 an orer to the alle"e infrin"in" efenant, e1pecte a#erse party or to the person in char"e or incontrol of the pre!ises to isclose to the sheriff ser#in" the %rit the location of the ocu!ents an articlessub&ect of the %rit/

2c3 the perio %hen the %rit shall be enforce %hich in no case shall be !ore than ten 2'-3 ays fro! the ate

of issuance by the court/

23 the na!es of the applicant or his a"ent or representati#e an the Co!!issioner %ho shall super#ise theenforce!ent of the %rit/ an

2e3 other ter!s an conitions that %ill insure the proper e1ecution of the %rit %ith ue re"ar to the ri"hts of the alle"e infrin"in" efenant or e1pecte a#erse party.

It shall also contain a %arnin" that #iolation of any of the ter!s an conitions of the %rit shall constitute conte!pt ofcourt.

S%(/i#$ 9. /ond and its conditions< * The applicant shall be re4uire to post a cash bon, surety bon or othere4ui#alent security e1ecute in fa#or of the efenant or e1pecte a#erse party in a reasonable a!ount to be fi1eby !e court in its orer "rantin" !e issuance of a %rit of search an sei$ure. The bon shall be conitione on theunerta+in" of the applicant that he %ill pay all the costs %hich !ay be a&u"e to efenant or e1pecte a#erseparty an all a!a"es %hich !e latter !ay sustain by reason of !e issuance of the %rit.

S%(/i#$ 10. When writ shall be served< * The %rit shall be ser#e only on %ee+ays an fro! ocloc+ in the !ornin"to 7 ocloc+ in the afternoon. <o%e#er, the court !ay irect that the %rit be ser#e on any ay an any ti!e forco!pellin" reasons state in the application an uly pro#e.

S%(/i#$ 11. %o whom writ shall be served< * The %rit shall be ser#e on the alle"e infrin"in" efenant or e1pectea#erse party in the place to be searche.

If the alle"e infrin"in" efenant or e1pecte a#erse party cannot be foun in the pre!ises, the %rit shall be ser#eon his a"ent or representati#e. In the absence of an a"ent or representati#e, it shall be ser#e on the person in char"eor in control of the pre!ises, or resiin" or %or+in" therein %ho is of sufficient a"e an iscretion. If such person isabsent, the sheriff or proper officer shall post the papers on the pre!ises an procee %ith the enforce!ent of the%rit.

S%(/i#$ 12. Commissioner, duties, :ualifications and fees. * The enforce!ent of the %rit shall be super#ise by the

inepenent Co!!issioner appointe by the court. In the perfor!ance of his uty, the Co!!issioner shall:

2a3 "i#e i!partial a#ise to the alle"e infrin"in" efenant, e1pecte a#erse party or to the person inchar"e of the pre!ises to be searche as to the !eanin" an co#era"e of the %rit/

2b3 atte!pt to achie#e a"ree!ent on a suitable search proceure/

2c3 assess %hat ocu!ents or articles co!e %ithin the ter!s of the %rit/

23 ensure the accuracy of the list of ocu!ents an articles searche, inspecte, copie or sei$e by thesheriff/

36



2e3 prepare his o%n report on the search an sei$ure an #erify an si"n the return prepare by the sheriff/an

2f3 "enerally, assist in the proper e1ecution of the %rit.

The Co!!issioner shall be a !e!ber of the =hilippine 9ar an of pro#en co!petence, inte"rity an probity. <e shallrecei#e such reasonable co!pensation as !ay be eter!ine by the court %hich can be char"e as cost of suit.

S%(/i#$ 13. Search to be conducted in the presence of defendant, his representative, person in charge of the premises or witnesses< * The pre!ises !ay not be searche e1cept in the presence of the alle"e infrin"in" efenant,e1pecte a#erse party or his representati#e or the person in char"e or in control of the pre!ises or resiin" or

%or+in" ! therein %ho shall be "i#en the opportunity to rea the %rit before its enforce!ent an see+ itsinterpretation fro! the Co!!issioner. In the absence of the latter, t%o persons of sufficient a"e an iscretion resiin"in the sa!e locality shall be allo%e to %itness the search or in the absence of the latter, t%o persons of sufficient a"ean iscretion resiin" in the nearest locality.

S%(/i#$ 14. anner of search and sei;ure0 duties of the sheriff< * pon ser#ice of the %rit in accorance %ith section'' hereof, sheriff, uner the super#ision of the Co!!issioner, shall search for the ocu!ents an articles specifie inthe %rit, an ta+e the! in his custoy sub&ect to the control of the court.

If the sub&ect articles are not capable of !anual eli#ery, the sheriff shall attach to the! a ta" or label statin" the factof sei$ure an %arnin" all persons fro! ta!perin" %ith the!.

The sheriff shall, in the presence of the applicant or his representati#e, an uner the super#ision of the Co!!issioner,prepare a etaile list of the sei$e ocu!ents an articles. <e shall "i#e an accurate copy of the sa!e to the alle"einfrin"in" efenant, e1pecte a#erse party, his a"ent or representati#e, to the person in char"e or in control of the

pre!ises or resiin" or %or+in" therein in %hose presence the search an sei$ure %ere !ae. In the absence of theperson in char"e or in control of the pre!ises or resiin" or %or+in" therein, the sheriff !ust, in the presence of atleast t%o %itnesses of sufficient a"e an iscretion resiin" in the sa!e locality, lea#e a copy of the receipt in the placein %hich he foun the sei$e property. Hhere no %itnesses are a#ailable in the sa!e locality, the copy of the receiptshall be left by the sheriff in the presence of t%o %itnesses resiin" in the nearest locality. The applicant or hisrepresentati#e an the Co!!issioner shall also be "i#en a copy of the receipt.

After the sheriff has ta+en possession of the ocu!ents an articles, he shall eli#er the! to a bone %arehouse or"o#ern!ent %arehouse for safe+eepin". The applicant or his representati#e shall be allo%e access to sai !aterialsfor the purpose of e1a!inin" the!.

The applicant shall be responsible for the necessary e1penses incurre ill the sei$ure an safe+eepin" of the ocu!entsan articles in a bone %arehouse or "o#ern!ent %arehouse.

S%(/i#$ 15. 'se of reasonable force to effect writ< * The sheriff, if refuse a!ittance to the pre!ises after "i#in"

notice of his purpose an authority or in absence of the alle"e infrin"in" efenant or e1pecte a#erse party, hisa"ent or representati#e, or person in char"e or in control of the pre!ises or resiin" or %or+in" therein %ho is ofsufficient a"e an iscretion, !ay use reasonable force to "ain entry to the pre!ises or any part of the builin" oranythin" therein, to enforce the %rit or to liberate hi!self or any person la%fully aiin" hi! %hen unla%fully etainetherein.

S%(/i#$ 16. Sei;ure of computer disks other storage devices< * The sei$ure of a co!puter is+ or any stora"e e#ice!ay be e1ecute in any of the follo%in" !anner:

2a3 by the physical ta+in" thereof/

2b3 by Copyin" its contents in a suitable e#ice or is+ pro#ie by the applicant/ or

2c3 by printin" out the Contents of the is+ or e#ice %ith a the use of a printer.

Hhen the co!puter is+s or stora"e e#ices cannot be reaily re!o#e fro! the co!puter to %hich they are fitte,the sheriff !ay ta+e the sub&ect co!puter fro! the custoy of the alle"e infrin"in" efenant, e1pecte a#erseparty or person in char"e or in control of the pre!ises or resiin" or %or+in" therein.

S%(/i#$ 17. Sheriff9s return< * The sheriff %ho e1ecute the %rit shall, %ithin three 2;3 ays fro! its enforce!ent,!a+e a #erifie return to the court %hich issue the %rit. The return shall contain a full state!ent of the proceein"suner the %rit an a co!plete in#entory of the ocu!ents an articles searche, inspecte or copie or sei$e ani!poune, %ith copies ser#e on the applicant, the efenant or e1pecte a#erse party an the Co!!issioner.

If not all of the ocu!ents an articles enu!erate in the orer an %rit %ere sei$e, the sheriff shall so report to thecourt an state is the reasons therefor. All ob&ections of the efenant, e1pecte a#erse party or person in char"e ofthe pre!ises on the !anner an re"ularity of the ser#ice of the %rit shall be inclue by the sheriff in his return.

S%(/i#$ 18. Discharge of writ by the defendant or e!pected adverse party . * Hithout %aitin" for return to be file bythe sheriff, the efenant, e1pecte a#erse party or the party %hose property has been searche, inspecte, copieor sei$e !ay file a !otion %ith the court %hich issue the %rit for its ischar"e %ith prayer for the return of the

ocu!ents an articles sei$e.

The %rit !ay be ischar"e on any of the follo%in" "rouns:

2a3 that the %rit %as i!properly or irre"ularly issue, or e1cessi#ely enforce/

2b3 that the bon is insufficient/

2c3 that tile safe"uars pro#ie in the %rit ha#e been #iolate by the applicant or the sheriff/ or

23 that the ocu!ents an articles sei$e are not infrin"in" copies or !eans for !a+in" the !aterials alle"eto infrin"e the intellectual property ri"ht of the applicant.

37



The %rit !ay be ischar"e in a su!!ary hearin" by the court after notice to the applicant, the sheriff an theCo!!issioner.

If the court fins that the bon is insufficient, it shall orer a. ne% bon to be file by the applicant %ithin a reasonableti!e. The ischar"e of the %rit base on the insufficiency of the bon !ay only be !ae if the applicant fails to postthe ne% bon %ithin the perio fi1e by the court.

S%(/i#$ 19. Proceedings on return< * )i#e 273 ays after issuance of the %rit, the issuin" &u"e shall ascertain if the%rit has not been ser#e or the return has been !ae by the sheriff. If the %rit %as not ser#e or no return %as!ae, it shall su!!on the sheriff an the applicant to %ho! the %rit %as issue an re4uire the! to e1plain %hy the%rit %as not ser#e or %hy no return has been file as the case !ay be. If the return has been !ae, the &u"e shall,

after notice to the applicant, the alle"e infrin"in" efenant or e1pecte a#erse party, the sheriff an theCo!!issioner, ascertain %hether the pro#isions of this Rule an applicable la%s ha#e been co!plie %ith.

S%(/i#$ 20. "ailure to file complaint< * The %rit shall also. pon !otion of the e1pecte a#erse party, be set asiean the sei$e ocu!ents an articles returne to the e1pecte a#erse party if no case is file %ith the appropriatecourt or authority %ithin thirty*one 2;'3 calenar ays fro! the ate of issuance of the %rit.

S%(/i#$ 21. Claim for damages< * Hhere the %rit is ischar"e on any of ie "rouns pro#ie in this Rule, or %hereit is foun after trial that there has been no infrin"e!ent or threat of infrin"e!ent of an intellectual property ri"ht, thecourt. pon !otion of the alle"e infrin"in" efenant or e1pecte a#erse party an after ue hearin", shall orerthe applicant to co!pensate the efenant or e1pecte a#erse party upon the cash bon, surety bon or othere4ui#alent security for any in&ury or a!a"e the latter suffere by the issuance an enforce!ent of the %rit. Shoulthe a!a"es e1cee the a!ount of the bon, the applicant shall be liable for the pay!ent of the e1cess.

Hhen a co!plaint is alreay file in court, the !otion shall be file %ith the sa!e court urin" the trial or before

appeal is perfecte or before &u"!ent beco!es e1ecutory, %ith ue notice to the applicant, settin" forth the factssho%in" the efenants ri"ht to a!a"es an the a!ount thereof. The a%ar of a!a"es shall be inclue in the &u"!ent in the !ain case.

Hhere no co!plaint is file a"ainst the e1pecte a#erse party, the !otion shall be file %ith the court %hich issuethe %rit. In such a case, the court shall set the !otion for su!!ary hearin" an i!!eiately eter!ine the e1pectea#erse partys ri"ht to a!a"es.

A &u"!ent in fa#or of the applicant in its principal clai!, shoul not necessarily bar the alle"e infrin"in" efenantfro! reco#erin" a!a"es %here he suffere losses by reason of the %ron"ful issuance or enforce!ent of the %rit.

The a!a"es pro#ie for in this section shall be inepenent fro! the a!a"es clai!e by the efenant in hiscounterclai!.

S%(/i#$ 22. 5udgment< * If it appears after trial that the sei$e ocu!ents an articles are foun to infrin"e the

intellectual property ri"ht of the applicant or that they constitute the !eans for the prouction of infrin"in" "oos, thecourt shall orer their estruction or onation to charitable, eucational or reli"ious institutions %ith the prohibitiona"ainst brin"in" the sa!e into the channels of co!!erce. In the latter case, infrin"in" trae!ar+s or trae na!esfoun on labels, ta"s an other portions of the infrin"in" !aterials shall be re!o#e or eface before the onation. Inno case shall the infrin"in" !aterials be returne to the efenant.

If the court fins no infrin"e!ent, the sei$e !aterials shall be i!!eiately returne to the efenant.

S%(/i#$ 23. Direct filing, provisional docketing and deposit of prescribed filing fee< * The Re"ional Trial Courtsspecially esi"nate to try #iolations of intellectual property ri"hts shall +eep a istinct an separate lo"boo+ for %ritsof search an sei$ure. The application for a %rit of search an sei$ure file irectly %ith the sai courts shall be "i#en apro#isional oc+et nu!ber. The prescribe filin" fee shall be eposite %ith the branch cler+ of court an properlyreceipte for an trans!itte to the Cler+ of Court %ithin t%enty*four 25(3 hours fro! issuance of the orer "rantin" orenyin" the application for sai %rit. If a for!al co!plaint is file thereafter, the Cler+ of Court !ay !a+e a.reassess!ent of the filin" fee.

S%(/i#$ 24. Separate logbook< * In e#ery court, there shall be a lo"boo+ uner the custoy of the Cler+ of Court%herein shall be oc+ete an entere %ithin t%enty*four 25(3 hours after the issuance or enial of the %rit of searchan sei$ure, the filin" of such application an other particulars thereof. All the subse4uent proceein"s concernin" the%rit of search an sei$ure shall be faithfully recore in the separate lo"boo+.

S%(/i#$ 25. ffect of violation< * A #iolation of any of the ter!s an conitions of the orer an the %rit of search ansei$ure or any pro#ision of this Rule shall constitute conte!pt of court.

S%(/i#$ 26. Writ not a bar to other measures< * The a#ail!ent of the %rit of search an sei$ure uner this Rule shallnot pre#ent the applicant fro! resortin" to other pro#isional !easures or re!eies pro#ie in e1istin" la%s anproceural rules.

S%(/i#$ 27. ffectivity< * This Rule shall ta+e effect on )ebruary '7, 5--5 after its publication in t%o 253 ne%spapersof "eneral circulation not later than ?anuary ;-, 5--5.

RULE # P'#(%*,'% #' I$/%%(/,& P'#%'/ Ri)/ C&% A.". N#. 10310SCi,%* #$ 3 O(/#%' 2011 B %&'&/% (#

Etepha v. D"re&tor of 'atent!, '6 SCRA (87 2'8663E!!o Standard Ea!tern v. CA, ''6 SCRA ;;(ru"t of the Loo# v. CA, ';; SCRA (-7 2'8(3De %onte Corporat"on v. CA, '' SCRA ('- A!"a *reer) v. CA, 55( SCRA (;Conrad v. CA, 5(6 SCRA 68'E#erad Gar#ent %anufa&tur"ng v. CA, 57' SCRA 6-- A#"go v. Cuett 'ea$od) , ;7( SCRA (;( 25--'3So&"ete De! 'rodu"t! Ne!te v. CA, ;76 SCRA 5- 25--'3

38



%"ght) Corporat"on v. E. 4 ,. Gao 6"ner)/ ($ &o< 1@6463, 16 5uly 3776%&Donad@! Corp v. L.C. *"g %a3 , GR '(;88; ate ' Au"ust 5--(%&Donad@! Corp. v. %a&+o) (a!tfood Corp., GR No. '66''7,5 )ebruary 5--S3e&her! v. Inter 'a&"f"& Indu!tr"a Trad"ng, G.R. No. '6(;5', Barch 5, 5-''Centur) Ch"ne!e %ed"&"ne Co./ et a. v!. 'eope/ G.R. No. '756, No#e!ber '', 5-';

Cases on bottles an containers:Caga)an 7ae) Enterpr"!e! v. CA, '8 SCRA 5'D"!t"er"a 6a!h"ngton v. CA, 56; SCRA ;-;D"!t"er"a 6a!h"ngton v. La Tondena, 5- SCRA ''6

T"n A&e Hod"ng! v. CA, 5- SCRA (

b3 nfair Co!petitionSec. '6 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '6. 'nfair Competition, $ights, $egulation and $emedies< *'6.'. A person %ho has ientifie in the !in of the public the "oos he !anufactures or eals in, hisbusiness or ser#ices fro! those of others, %hether or not a re"istere !ar+ is e!ploye, has a property ri"htin the "oo%ill of the sai "oos, business or ser#ices so ientifie, %hich %ill be protecte in the sa!e!anner as other property ri"hts.'6.5. Any person %ho shall e!ploy eception or any other !eans contrary to "oo faith by %hich he shallpass off the "oos !anufacture by hi! or in %hich he eals, or his business, or ser#ices for those of the oneha#in" establishe such "oo%ill, or %ho shall co!!it any acts calculate to prouce sai result, shall be"uilty of unfair co!petition, an shall be sub&ect to an action therefor.'6.;. In particular, an %ithout in any %ay li!itin" the scope of protection a"ainst unfair co!petition, the

follo%in" shall be ee!e "uilty of unfair co!petition:2a3 Any person, %ho is sellin" his "oos an "i#es the! the "eneral appearance of "oos of another!anufacturer or ealer, either as to the "oos the!sel#es or in the %rappin" of the pac+a"es in %hichthey are containe, or the e#ices or %ors thereon, or in any other feature of their appearance,%hich %oul be li+ely to influence purchasers to belie#e that the "oos offere are those of a!anufacturer or ealer, other than the actual !anufacturer or ealer, or %ho other%ise clothes the"oos %ith such appearance as shall ecei#e the public an efrau another of his le"iti!ate trae, orany subse4uent #enor of such "oos or any a"ent of any #enor en"a"e in sellin" such "oos %itha li+e purpose/2b3 Any person %ho by any artifice, or e#ice, or %ho e!ploys any other !eans calculate to inucethe false belief that such person is offerin" the ser#ices of another %ho has ientifie such ser#ices inthe !in of the public/ or2c3 Any person %ho shall !a+e any false state!ent in the course of trae or %ho shall co!!it anyother act contrary to "oo faith of a nature calculate to iscreit the "oos, business or ser#ices of another.

'6.(. The re!eies pro#ie by Sections '76, '7 an '6' shall apply mutatis mutandis. 2Sec. 58, R. A. No.'66a3

Sec. 5;5, I=C



>ifference bet%een Infrin"e!ent an nfair Co!petition:De %onte Corporat"on v. CA, '' SCRA ('-'ro L"ne Sport! Center v. CA, 5' SCRA '65

Un"ver!a Ru$$er 'rodu&t! v. CA, ';- SCRA '-(Conver!e Ru$$er Corp. v. ,a&"nto Ru$$er and 'a!t"& Co., 8 SCRA '7 A!"a *reer) v. CA, 55( SCRA (; 2'88;3So"d Tr"ange v . Sher"ff , ;- SCRA (8' 25--'3Son) Co#puter v. Supergreen, In&./ GR No. '6'5;, 55 Barch 5--Sehan"/ In&. and *en"ta! (r"te!/ In&. v!. IN5N5OUT *urger/ In&./ 7;6 SCRA 57725--3Co&a Coa v. Go#e?/ G.R. No. '7((8', No#e!ber '(, 5--Super"or Co##er&"a Enterpr"!e! v!. Kunnan Enterpr"!e! Ltd./ G.R. No. '688(. April5-, 5-'-.6"aare 'rodu&t! Corp. v!. ,e!"&hr"! %anufa&tur"ng Corp. G.R. No. '877(8,Septe!ber -;, 5-'(

c3 Action for )alse or )rauulent >eclarationSec. '65, I=C

Sec. '65. Action for "alse or "raudulent Declaration< * Any person %ho shall procure re"istration in the Office of a !ar+by a false or frauulent eclaration or representation, %hether oral or in %ritin", or by any false !eans, shall be liablein a ci#il action by any person in&ure thereby for any a!a"es sustaine in conse4uence thereof. 2Sec. 56, R. A. No.'663

Sec. '6;, I=C

Sec. '6;. 5urisdiction of Court< * All actions uner Sections '7-, '77, '6(, an '66 to '68 shall be brou"ht before theproper courts %ith appropriate &urisiction uner e1istin" la%s. 2Sec. 5, R. A. No. '663

Sec. '6(, I=C

39



Sec. '6(. &otice of "iling Suit (iven to the Director< * It shall be the uty of the cler+s of such courts %ithin one 2'3!onth after the filin" of any action, suit, or proceein" in#ol#in" a !ar+ re"istere uner the pro#isions of this Act, tonotify the >irector in %ritin" settin" forth: the na!es an aresses of the liti"ants an esi"natin" the nu!ber of there"istration or re"istrations an %ithin one 2'3 !onth after the &u"!ent is entere or an appeal is ta+en, the cler+ of court shall "i#e notice thereof to the Office, an the latter shall enorse the sa!e upon the file%rapper of the saire"istration or re"istrations an incorporate the sa!e as a part of the contents of sai file%rapper.

Sec. 5;5, I=C



3 Action for )alse >esi"nation of Ori"inSec. '68 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '68. "alse Designations of Origin0 "alse Description or $epresentation< *'68.'. Any person %ho, on or in connection %ith any "oos or ser#ices, or any container for "oos, uses inco!!erce any %or, ter!, na!e, sy!bol, or e#ice, or any co!bination thereof, or any false esi"nation of ori"in, false or !isleain" escription of fact, or false or !isleain" representation of fact, %hich:

2a3 is li+ely to cause confusion, or to cause !ista+e, or to ecei#e as to the affiliation, connection, orassociation of such person %ith another person, or as to the ori"in, sponsorship, or appro#al of his orher "oos, ser#ices, or co!!ercial acti#ities by another person/ or2b3 in co!!ercial a#ertisin" or pro!otion, !isrepresents the nature, characteristics, 4ualities, or"eo"raphic ori"in of his or her or another person0s "oos, ser#ices, or co!!ercial acti#ities, shall beliable to a ci#il action for a!a"es an in&unction pro#ie in Sections '76 an '7 of this Act by anyperson %ho belie#es that he or she is or li+ely to be a!a"e by such act.

'68.5. Any "oos !ar+e or labele in contra#ention of the pro#isions of this Section shall not be i!porteinto the =hilippines or a!itte entry at any custo!house of the =hilippines. The o%ner, i!porter, or consi"neeof "oos refuse entry at any custo!house uner this section !ay ha#e any recourse uner the custo!sre#enue la%s or !ay ha#e the re!ey "i#en by this Act in cases in#ol#in" "oos refuse entry or sei$e.2Sec. ;-, R. A. No. '66a3

Sec. 5;5, I=C


5;5.' Appeals fro! ecisions of re"ular courts shall be "o#erne by the Rules of Court. nless restraine by ahi"her court, the &u"!ent of the trial court shall be e1ecutory e#en penin" appeal uner such ter!s anconitions as the court !ay prescribe.

5;5.5. nless e1pressly pro#ie in this Act or other statutes, appeals fro! ecisions of a!inistrati#e officialsshall be pro#ie in the Re"ulations.

;. Cri!inalSec. '-, I=C

Sec. '-. 'enat"e!. * Inepenent of the ci#il an a!inistrati#e sanctions i!pose by la%, a cri!inal penalty of i!prison!ent fro! t%o 253 years to fi#e 273 years an a fine ran"in" fro! )ifty thousan pesos 2=7-,---3 to T%ohunre thousan pesos 2=5--,---3, shall be i!pose on any person %ho is foun "uilty of co!!ittin" any of the acts!entione in Section '77, Section '6 an Subsection '68.'. 2Arts. ' an '8, Re#ise =enal Coe3

RULE '-, Sec. 5, RULEs of =roceure for Intellectual =roperty Ri"hts Cases 2A.B. No. '-*;*'-*SC3 Jcourts that can issue search %arrantsS) v. Court of Appea!, ''; SCRA ;;(Sa#!on v. ,udge Daa) , GR Nos. '6--7(*77, ?uly 5', 5--(

6""a# C. Yao/ Sr. v!. The 'eope Of The 'h""pp"ne!/ G.R. No. '6;-6. ?une '8, 5--.

?. TRA>ENABES'. >efinition

Sec. '5'.;, I=C

'5'.;. 9Trade na#e9 !eans the na!e or esi"nation ientifyin" or istin"uishin" an enterprise/ 2Sec. ;, R.A. No. '66a3

Conver!e Ru$$er Corporat"on v. Un"ver!a Ru$$er 'rodu&t!, '' SCRA '7(

5. Hhat Bay Not 9e se As A Traena!eKSec. '67.', I=C

'67.'. A na!e or esi"nation !ay not be use as a trae na!e if by its nature or the use to %hich such na!eor esi"nation !ay be put, it is contrary to public orer or !orals an if, in particular, it is liable to ecei#etrae circles or the public as to the nature of the enterprise ientifie by that na!e.

;. Ri"hts of the Traena!e O%nerSecs. '67.5, I=C

'67.5. 2a3 Not%ithstanin" any la%s or re"ulations pro#iin" for any obli"ation to re"ister trae na!es, suchna!es shall be protecte, e#en prior to or %ithout re"istration, a"ainst any unla%ful act co!!itte by thirparties.

40



2b3 In particular, any subse4uent use of the trae na!e by a thir party, %hether as a trae na!e or a!ar+ or collecti#e !ar+, or any such use of a si!ilar trae na!e or !ar+, li+ely to !islea the public, shall beee!e unla%ful.

Sec. '67.;, I=C

'67.;. The re!eies pro#ie for in Sections '7; to '76 an Sections '66 an '6 shall apply mutatismutandis<

Sec. '67.(, I=C

'67.(. Any chan"e in the o%nership of a trae na!e shall be !ae %ith the transfer of the enterprise or partthereof ientifie by that na!e. The pro#isions of Subsections '(8.5 to '(8.( shall apply !utatis !utanis.

'h""p! E2port v. CA, 5-6 SCRA (7 Ar#&o Stee Corporat"on v. SEC , '76 SCRA 556e!tern E-u"p#ent! 4 Supp) Co. v. Re)e!, 7' =hil ''7(red&o %anufa&tur"ng Corporat"on 7. 're!"dent And (eo! Of Harvard Coege;Harvard Un"ver!"t) 3, G.R. No. '78', ?une ', 5-''

L. COLLECTIE BARS'. >efinition

Sec. '5'.5, I=C

'5'.5. 9Coe&t"ve #ar39 !eans any #isible si"n esi"nate as such in the application for re"istration ancapable of istin"uishin" the ori"in or any other co!!on characteristic, incluin" the 4uality of "oos orser#ices of ifferent enterprises %hich use the si"n uner the control of the re"istere o%ner of the collecti#e!ar+/ 2Sec. (-, R. A. No. '66a3

5. SECTION '6 2an its sub*para"raphs3, I=C

Sec. '6. Collective arks< *

'6.'. Sub&ect to Subsections '6.5 an '6.;, Sections '55 to '6( an '66 shall apply to collecti#e !ar+s,

e1cept that references therein to >mark> shall be rea as >collective mark<> '6.5 2a3 An application for re"istration of a collecti#e !ar+ shall esi"nate the !ar+ as a collecti#e !ar+ anshall be acco!panie by a copy of the a"ree!ent, if any, "o#ernin" the use of the collecti#e !ar+.

2b3 The re"istere o%ner of a collecti#e !ar+ shall notify the >irector of any chan"es !ae in respectof the a"ree!ent referre to in para"raph 2a3.

'6.;. In aition to the "rouns pro#ie in Section '(8, the Court shall cancel the re"istration of a collecti#e!ar+ if the person re4uestin" the cancellation pro#es that only the re"istere o%ner uses the !ar+, or that heuses or per!its its use in contra#ention of the a"ree!ents referre to in Subsection '66.5 or that he uses orper!its its use in a !anner liable to ecei#e trae circles or the public as to the ori"in or any other co!!oncharacteristics of the "oos or ser#ices concerne.'6.(. The re"istration of a collecti#e !ar+, or an application therefor shall not be the sub&ect of a licensecontract. 2Sec. (-, R. A. No. '66a3

V. LAW ON PATENTS

A. Le"islati#e <istory'. Republic Act No. '675. Republic Act No. 58; 2@I=C@3

Sec. 5;8.', I=CSec. 5;7.', I=CSec. 5;6, I=C

;. RA No. 87-5 2ni#ersally Accessible Cheaper an uality Beicines Act of 5--3 2A!eneI=C3

9. >efinition

C. =urpose

%an?ano v. CA, 5 SCRA 6'ear 4 Dean v. Shoe#art , (-8 SCRA 5;' 25--;3

>. Hhat are patentableK

'. In#entionsSECTION 5', I=CStanars:a. No#elty

SECTIONs 5;*57, I=C%aguan v. CA, '(6 SCRA '-7arga! v. (.%. Yapt"&o 4 Co., (- =hil '877arga! v . Chua, 7 =hil 5-6

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(ran3 v. Ko!u)a#a, 78 =hil. 5-6

b. In#enti#enessSECTION 56, I=C, as a!ene by RA No. 87-5 2ni#ersally Accessible Cheaper anuality Beicines Act of 5--3 Agua! v. de Leon, ''' SCRA 5;%an?ano v. CA, 5 SCRA 6

c. Inustrial ApplicationSECTION 5, I=C

5. tility BoelSECTIONs '-8.', I=C

;. Inustrial >esi"nsSECTIONs ''5, '';, ''8.', I=C

(. Lay*Out >esi"ns 2Topo"raphies of Inte"rate CircuitsRA 9150 &%$*i$ RA 8293Layout >esi"ns 2Topo"raphies3 of Inte"rate Circuits Re"ulations

E. Hhat are not patentableKSECTION 55, I=C, as a!ene by RA No. 87-5 2ni#ersally Accessible Cheaper an ualityBeicines Act of 5--3Secs. *8, RA '67Sec. (, RA '67

ARTICLE 5, A"ree!ent on Trae*Relate Aspects of Intellectual =roperty 2TRI=S3>ia!on #. Cha+rabarty, (( .S. ;-;, '-- S. Ct. 55-(=lant ariety =rotection Act, Republic Act No. 8'6SECTIONs ;5 an ;( of the I=RA La% 2RA ;'3

). O%nership of =atentSECTION 5, I=CSECTION 58, I=CSECTION ;-, I=CSECTIONs 6*-, I=CSECTION 5;6, I=C

G. Re"ular Application for =atent'. Hho !ay applyK

SECTIONs 5*;-, I=C

SECTION 6, I=CSECTION ;, I=CSECTION 5;', I=CSECTION 5;7, I=C

5. ApplicationSECTIONs ;5*;, I=CSECTION ;, I=CSECTION ;8, I=CSECTION , I=CSECTIONs '-, '-8.5, I=C 2tility Boels3SECTION ''(*''7, I=C 2Inustrial >esi"n3

;. =riority >ateSECTION ;', I=C

*oothe v. D"re&tor of 'atent!, 87 SCRA ((6

(. )ilin" >ateSECTIONs (-*(', I=CSECTION ''6, I=C 2Inustrial >esi"n3

7. )or!ality E1a!inationSECTION (5, I=C

6. Classification an SearchSECTION (;, I=C

. Confientiality 9efore =ublicationSECTION (7, I=C

. =ublication of =atent ApplicationSECTION ((, I=C

8. Ri"hts Conferre by a =atent ApplicationAfter =ublicationSECTION (6, I=C

'-. Obser#ation by Thir =artiesSECTION (, I=C

''. Re4uest for Substanti#e E1a!inationSECTION (, I=CS&huart? v. CA, ;;7 SCRA (8; 25---3

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'5. A!en!entSECTION (8, I=C

';. Con#ersionSECTIONs ''- an ''', I=C

<. =hilippine RULEs on =CT Applications 2=ursuant to =atent Cooperation Treaty ratifie by the Senate on7 )ebruary 5--'/ =CT too+ effect for the =hilippines on ' Au"ust 5--'3

I. Issuance or Refusal of =atents

SECTION 7-, I=CSECTION 7', I=CSECTION 7;, I=CSECTIONs '' an ''8, I=C 2Inustrial >esi"n3'ear 4 Dean v. Shoe#art , (-8 SCRA 5;' 25--;3

?. =ublication pon Grant of =atentsSECTION 75, I=C

. Ter! of =atentSECTION 7(, I=C 2In#ention =atent3SECTION '-8.;, I=C 2tility Boel3SECTION '', I=C 2Inustrial >esi"n3

L. Annual )ees

SECTION 77, I=C

B. Surrener, Correction an A!en!entSECTION 76, I=CSECTIONs 7*6-, I=C

N. Cancellation'. Grouns

SECTION 6', I=CSECTION 5, I=CSECTION '-8.(, I=C 2tility Boel3SECTION '5-, I=C 2Inustrial >esi"n3

5. =roceein"sSECTIONs 65*66, I=C

SECTION 5;-, I=C

O. Ri"hts of =atentee'. SECTION ', I=C

'ar3e Dav"! 4 Co. v. Do&tor@! 'har#a&eut"&a!, '5( SCRA ''7Li!itations on The Ri"hts Of A =atentee:

Sec. 5, I=C as a!ene by RA No. 87-5 2ni#ersally Accessible Cheaper anuality Beicines Act of 5--3

Secs. ;*(, I=CSec. 5;', I=C

The Issue of =arallel I!portation:SECTION ', I=CARTICLE 6 of the TRI=S A"ree!ent: The >octrine of E1haustion

5. Action for infrin"e!ent 2Literal an E4ui#alent3

7arga! v. (.%. Yapt"&o, supra(ran3 v. *en"to, 7' =hil. '5(ran3 v. Ko!u)a#a, 78 =hil. 5-6G. Se v. Yap ,ue, '5 =hil. 7'8%aguan v. CA, '(6 SCRA '-God"ne! v. CA, 556 SCRA ;;De Ro!ar"o v. CA, 577 SCRA '75S#"th K"ne v. CA, (-8 SCRA ;; 25--;3RULE # P'#(%*,'% #' I$/%%(/,& P'#%'/ Ri)/ C&% A.". N#. 10310SCa. Ci#il Action for Infrin"e!ent

SECTION 6, I=C, as a!ene by RA No. 87-5 2ni#ersally Accessible Cheaper anuality Beicines Act of 5--3SECTION 7, I=C

RULE # P'#(%*,'% #' I$/%%(/,& P'#%'/ Ri)/ C&% A.". N#. 10310SC i,%* #$ 3 O(/#%' 2011

b. Cri!inal Action for Repetition of Infrin"e!entSECTION (, I=C

c. A!inistrati#eSECTION '-.5, I=C

. Hho can fileKSECTION , I=CCre!er 're&"!"on S)!te#/ In&. v. CA, 56 SCRA ';

e. =resu!ptions

43



SECTION , I=C

f. >a!a"esSecs. 8*-, I=C

". >efenses in Action for Infrin"e!entSECTION ', I=C

h. =atent )oun In#ali Bay be CancelleSECTION 5, I=C

i. AssessorsSECTION ;, I=C

;. Licensin"a. oluntary

SECTIONs 7*85, I=C

b. Co!pulsorySECTIONs 8;*87, I=C, as a!ene by RA No. 87-5 2ni#ersally Accessible Cheaperan uality Beicines Act of 5--3SECTIONs86 *'-5, I=C'r"&e v. Un"ted La$orator"e!, '66 SCRA ';; 2'83S#"th K"ne v. CA, 56 SCRA 55( 2'883S#"th K"ne v. CA, ;6 SCRA 8

(. Ri"ht to Transfer an Assi"nSECTION (.5, I=CSECTIONs '-;*'-, I=CSECTIONs 7*85, I=C A$ana v. D"re&tor of 'atent!, 8; =hil. '';

S#,'(% PRO!. SUSAN D. VILLANUEVA

syllabus on ipc

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