symptoms of tobrfv on tomato plant leaves
TRANSCRIPT
SYMPTOMS OF ToBRFV ON TOMATO PLANT LEAVES
SYMPTOMS OF ToBRFV ON TOMATO FRUITS
Due to intensive
crop manipulation
and long-cycle
crops. In
greenhouses, the
ToBRFV can be
particularly more
severe.
DENSITY OR POPULATION OF PLANTS / HA.
16,000- 24,000 IN OPEN FIELD
24,000-34,000 IN SHADOW HOUSE (MESH)
42,000-52,000 IN HIGH TECH GREENHOUSE
REDUCED PLANT MANAGEMENT
MORE PLANT MANAGEMENT
A LOT OF PLANT MANAGEMENT
6
Unawareness of the initial symptoms, as well as the
adequate measures of monitoring, and sanitation
during the manipulation of plants cause that the
mechanically transmitted diseases occur with more
severity
MOSAIC
FOLIAR SHEET REDUCTION
FOLIAR SHEET REDUCTION
Greenhouse management alternatives
• Use pathogen free seed.
• Crop rotation.
• Disinfestation of work equipment (machinery,
tools, etc.), and the greenhouse.
• Eliminate wild hosts (carriers).
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VIRUS FREE SEEDS
SEEDS AND SEEDLINGS
Phytosanitary certificatesINTERNATIONAL MÉXICO
NO ZERO TRANSMISSIONGUARANTEE
TRANSMISSION ON THE EXTERNAL PART OF THE SEED AND
MECHANICALLY
DISPERSION BY SEED AND MAN
seed shell
HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT
10
90 ° C / 24 HOURS DRY HEAT FOR ToBRFV; NOT RECOMMENDED
NOT TREATED
TOMATO SEEDS
HOT/90°C/24 HOURS
SEED TREATMENT:
CHLORINE 2-3% / 5 MIN + TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE 10% 15
MIN.
CHLORINE 2-3% / 5 MIN + MONO PERSULFATE K 1% 15
MIN.
CHLORINE 2-3% / 10 MIN + RAW MILK
DISINFECTION AND
CLEANING ARCHES
PRODUCTION GREENHOUSE AND PLANTING GRAFT
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SHOE DISINFECTION.
HANDWASHING.
HAND DISINFECTANT GEL
COVER HEAD
OVEROL
GLOVE
SPRAY
NOZZLES
SHOE COVER
RUG
Sanitation is better in greenhouses than in hospitals
No disinfectant works on roots that get into polyurethane
SEED TRAY
REUSED POLYURETHANE TRAY
PHYTOPATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS LINING COVER FOR SEEDING TABLE
REUSED POLYURETHANE TRAY
USE NEW POLYURETHANE TRAY
PLASTIC TRAY
REUSABLE, EASY TO WASH AND DISINFECT
In the graft area, disinfect the razors frequently
FREQUENT MONITORING
REMOVE SUSPICIOUS PLANTS OR THE ENTIRE TRAY
HEALTHY PLANT
HEALTHY PLANT
RELIABLE GREENHOUSE PLANTINGS WITH ANALYSIS (ToBRFV).
Preventive Measures Before Planting
Eliminate crop debris (preferably remove the plant with the entire root).
Eliminate weeds in and in areas adjacent to greenhouses.
Remove contaminated plant substrate.
Disinfection of pickaxes, spaghetti and irrigation system (ACID;
CHLORINE).
Disinfection of structures, plastics, meshes, machinery, tools, gloves,
hands, etc.
Before entering the greenhouse, follow the appropriate disinfection
measures.
Eliminate weeds outside and inside greenhouses
REMOVE UNWANTED
PLANTS (WEEDS)
C. album = white goosefoot
S. nigrum= Black nightshade
Nicotiana sp. =
Wild tobacco
CLEANING
REMOVAL OF GARBAGE, ORGANIC MATTER AND DISINFECTION
WASH WITH SOAP OR BLEACH
OUTSIDE FROM TOP TO BOTTOM LATER INSIDE
FINALLY, WALLS AND FLOORS
PRODUCT
CHLORINE (1000 – 2000 PPM); 150- 300 PPM
IODINE (312 – 400 PPM) 100-200 PPM
QUATERNARY OF AMMONIUM (1500 -2000 PPM)
PEROXYACETIC ACID (100-200 PPM) 80 PPM
POTASSIUM MONOPERSULPHATE + SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.5-1.0%
GLUTARALDEHYDE AND OTHER ALDEHYIDES (FORMOL) 0.5. 1.0 % (200 – 1000PPM)
HYDROGEN PEROXY 227- 457 PPM (146)
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE 5-10 PPM ?
SOAP
CITRUS SEED EXTRACT 5- 10 ml/L H2O
BEFORE INSERTING THE PLANT, THERMONEBULIZE WITH POTASSIUM MONOPERSULPHATE
READ CAREFULLY THE TECHNICAL DATA SHEETS OF THE
PRODUCTS TO BE USED. SEE THE RISKS AND MANAGEMENT
CLEAN AND DISINFECTED WORK AREA
BEFORE INSERTING THE PLANT, THERMONEBULIZE WITH POTASSIUM MONOPERSULPHATE
VEHICLE DISINFECTION
DISINFECTION ARCH
POOL OF DISINFECTANTTIRE DISINFECTION
WASHING AND DISINFECTION OF HANDS,
CLOTHING AND SHOE SOLE
CLOTHING WASHING CENTER
WASHING AND DISINFECTION OF ALL WORK TOOLS
PHENOLOGICAL STAGES AND CROP DEVELOPMENT
REMOVE CONTAMINATED GARBAGE FROM FULLY IDENTIFIED VEHICLES
QUARANTINED
KNOW THE GREENHOUSE AND CARRY OUT MONITORING
KNOW THE GREENHOUSE AND CARRY OUT MONITORING
DISINFECTION OF TOOLS AND HANDS DURING PLANT HANDLING
SPRINKLER CONTAINER WITH DISINFECTANT
WHERE WILL THERE BE MOST CONTAMINATION?
REMOVE CONTAMINATED SUBSTRATE
FROM CONTAMINATED SOIL, CHANGE THE CROP
SOIL
COCONUT HUSKVERMICULITE?
ROCKWOOL
QUARANTINE AREAS WITH INFECTED PLANTS
ONLY AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL WILL WORK IN THESE AREAS
FOLLOW PROTOCOL TO ELIMINATE INFECTED PLANTS
TOMATO PLANTS HAVE MANY TRICHOMES
IT IS IMPORTANT TO HANDLE THEM WITH CARE
TRICHOMES
AEROSOLS SIMILAR
TO THOSE FROM A
SNEEZE CAN BE
FORMED
IT CAN BE CONSIDERED
USE EARLY HYBRIDS TO GIVE THE VIRUS LESS TIME
TO ATTACK THE PLANTS.
TWO OR THREE CROPS OF 9 TO 10 BUNCHES ARE
BETTER THAN LONG CYCLES (AS LONG AS THE NEW
PLANTS ARE NOT GROWN IN CONTAMINATED SOIL
OR SUBSTRATE).
USE HYBRIDS WITH RESISTANCE
R.PLANT INOCULATED WITH ToBRFV
FRUITS OF PLANTS INOCULATED WITH ToBRFV FRUIT WITH DAMAGES ToBRFV
MOSAIC SYMPTOMS
RESISTANCE
CHECK CHECKINOCULATEDINOCULATED
PLANT WITHOUT RESISTANCE
