synchrophasor use at og&eweb.eecs.utk.edu/~kaisun/tf/tutorial_2016ieeepesgm/...•performance –pdc...
TRANSCRIPT
-
Austin White P.E.
Oklahoma Gas & Electric Company
IEEE PES GM 2016
Synchrophasors at
-
Outline
• OG&E Background
• Synchrophasor Applications
• Example Events
• Synchrophasor Based Protection
• Renewables Integration
2
-
PMU Deployment 2008-2015
3
-
PMU Locations
4
-
PMU Coverage Stats
• 100% of EHV System• 79 Line Terminals, 19 Autotransformers
• 100% of Wind Farms• 4053MW, 23 Plants
• 90% of Fossil Generation• 6200MW, 17 Units
• 37% of HV System• 218 Line Terminals
5
356 PMUs Total
-
Simplified Architecture
6
-
Large Deployment Challenges
• Protocols – C37.118 limited to ~150 PMUs, no security, frame based
• Performance – PDC limits are CPU burden starting at ~300 PMUs
• Data Storage – 350 PMUs, positive sequence need 15GB/day comp, 50GB uncompressed
• Network Bandwidth – Circuit needs 64kbps per PMU, no data caps, low latency
7
-
Research Partners
8
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCOuqu6btnMgCFUM3PgodoQoO4A&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glassdoor.com%2FSalary%2FElectric-Power-Group-Salaries-E269869.htm&bvm=bv.103627116,d.cWw&psig=AFQjCNH2EzXQN9cgdhEWHRw62LWeK6oepA&ust=1443637062898932https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNWUhqTOnMgCFZUVkgodbsIF6Q&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsppoasis.spp.org%2Fdocuments%2FTrans_Out.cfm&bvm=bv.103627116,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNHKfSZ_KydDLPFORbs-2P1Qjh34ZA&ust=1443628658869167https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNWUhqTOnMgCFZUVkgodbsIF6Q&url=https%3A%2F%2Fsppoasis.spp.org%2Fdocuments%2FTrans_Out.cfm&bvm=bv.103627116,d.aWw&psig=AFQjCNHKfSZ_KydDLPFORbs-2P1Qjh34ZA&ust=1443628658869167http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCIKx6LXOnMgCFRN-kgodtWkGEA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.glassdoor.com%2FReviews%2FElectric-Power-Research-Institute-EPRI-Reviews-E17978.htm&psig=AFQjCNEEqUMBjr-SGJgA4072eS4gdWcoqA&ust=1443628768837034http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCL2yy8vOnMgCFYZ-kgodWK8JuA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baylor.bkstr.com%2F&psig=AFQjCNGO2-U6DBQ8JztRdgA0PgVcZ0E4zQ&ust=1443628803339747http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCMTMzdvOnMgCFdENkgodwIcJ6g&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngnpalliance.org%2Findex.php%2Fmembers%2Fdescription%2Fentergy&psig=AFQjCNF5Wwq3rHpV4k0O-QZAbc-Il-Aq4w&ust=1443628848376883https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCL65z-vOnMgCFVVCkgodz14Irw&url=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fcolumbia&psig=AFQjCNFi-383qUb9KGM2wDf5ymfK5Uskmw&ust=1443628885435554http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCJji1fbOnMgCFUYJkgoduWEDOA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fosgug.ucaiug.org%2Fknox2012%2Fdefault.aspx&psig=AFQjCNE3L2SvKJ84XnOl1EGx-71MNeou3Q&ust=1443628911531528http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCJji1fbOnMgCFUYJkgoduWEDOA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fosgug.ucaiug.org%2Fknox2012%2Fdefault.aspx&psig=AFQjCNE3L2SvKJ84XnOl1EGx-71MNeou3Q&ust=1443628911531528https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNHL24jPnMgCFUGOkgodNzoMig&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkth.kattis.com%2F&psig=AFQjCNEIT_-ra1xTtSs0XZMb4ldceJNDVQ&ust=1443628942093755https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCNHL24jPnMgCFUGOkgodNzoMig&url=https%3A%2F%2Fkth.kattis.com%2F&psig=AFQjCNEIT_-ra1xTtSs0XZMb4ldceJNDVQ&ust=1443628942093755https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCPvO5JjPnMgCFQtNkgod4lULbA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lanl.gov%2F&psig=AFQjCNGVglwf6xL8JscKG5Y0xuq24OzwgA&ust=1443628982106559http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCMzb86LPnMgCFQx7kgod5ycBiw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fmachinedesign.com%2Fsustainable-engineering%2Fnew-nrel-report-explores-how-cities-make-energy-related-decisions&psig=AFQjCNEGPNh8-F0Bp9hd8AI3JryAcJJs6g&ust=1443629005642365https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCPn__7HPnMgCFYd-kgodvTsKaQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnrf.com%2Fwho-we-are%2Fnrf-foundation%2Funiversity-members&psig=AFQjCNH1wFcmpF-bySqWnva2WQF00cJnfw&ust=1443629033268865https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCPn__7HPnMgCFYd-kgodvTsKaQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnrf.com%2Fwho-we-are%2Fnrf-foundation%2Funiversity-members&psig=AFQjCNH1wFcmpF-bySqWnva2WQF00cJnfw&ust=1443629033268865http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCMeS6L_PnMgCFYQDkgodhpAB0g&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.starteacherresearcher.org%2Fsites-pnnl.html&psig=AFQjCNHUerhcNgTyNCA6luZVnuoThJJSCg&ust=1443629065072099https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCP6Hm9HPnMgCFQ5_kgodg4oP0A&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbrand.wsu.edu%2Fvisual%2Flogos%2F&psig=AFQjCNFzb5DMmQtWMzVg8VCo1vRot5Uzsg&ust=1443629097698697https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCP6Hm9HPnMgCFQ5_kgodg4oP0A&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbrand.wsu.edu%2Fvisual%2Flogos%2F&psig=AFQjCNFzb5DMmQtWMzVg8VCo1vRot5Uzsg&ust=1443629097698697https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCP6Hm9HPnMgCFQ5_kgodg4oP0A&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbrand.wsu.edu%2Fvisual%2Flogos%2F&psig=AFQjCNFzb5DMmQtWMzVg8VCo1vRot5Uzsg&ust=1443629097698697https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCP6Hm9HPnMgCFQ5_kgodg4oP0A&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbrand.wsu.edu%2Fvisual%2Flogos%2F&psig=AFQjCNFzb5DMmQtWMzVg8VCo1vRot5Uzsg&ust=1443629097698697https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCP6Hm9HPnMgCFQ5_kgodg4oP0A&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbrand.wsu.edu%2Fvisual%2Flogos%2F&psig=AFQjCNFzb5DMmQtWMzVg8VCo1vRot5Uzsg&ust=1443629097698697http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCJf9i_DPnMgCFQgakgodcGIHEA&url=http%3A%2F%2Ftilthproducers.org%2Fgraftingworkshop%2F&psig=AFQjCNFzb5DMmQtWMzVg8VCo1vRot5Uzsg&ust=1443629097698697http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCL6P-vzPnMgCFcUHkgodM5IH1A&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wichita.edu%2F&psig=AFQjCNFyFBPNjKPAp2HQx-2vdBipcbzImQ&ust=1443629191704295https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRxqFQoTCMyWiozQnMgCFQ8WkgodK9IPCQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYonsei_University&psig=AFQjCNFjxFRvEhC8JUXxQqwvbwAV3HQOeg&ust=1443629223836321
-
Synchrophasor Applications
• Situational Awareness
• Disturbance/Misoperation Analysis
• State Estimator Enhancement and LSE
• Voltage Recovery Assessment (reactive reserves, FIDVR)
• Proactively Find Equipment Problems
• Stability Assessment
• Renewables Integration/Monitoring
9
-
Situational Awareness
10
-
Disturbance/Fault Location
11
(5 seconds)
(5 seconds)
-
Fault Visibility
12
• 0.7 Second, 12.5kV Distribution Fault
(69 KV 3 Miles Away)
Delta Volts 2.1%
(1 minute)
(138 KV 8 Miles Away)
Delta Volts 0.7%
(345 KV 65 Miles Away)
Delta Volts 0.06%
(345 KV 140 Miles Away)
Delta Volts 0.02%
(1 second)
-
Long Duration Fault Events
• EM Relay failed to detect a permanent ground fault (problem with polarizing CT circuit)
• Took 19 breakers to remotely clear fault.
• Finally cleared when the fault went phase to phase
• 32,000 Customers effected• 2hr 17min restore time• 4.38 Million CMI• Continuous recording
needed!
13
(16 seconds)
-
Voltage Recovery Assessment
• 6/11/2009 – A 520MW generator tripped on SPS system in the Texas Panhandle (Tolk)
• Caused low voltage in southern Oklahoma, which involved multiple transmission owners
• Loss of generation was over 300 miles away
14
(30 minutes)
-
Failed EHV Reclosing Attempt
• Observed an unusual reclosing event following a fault on a 345kV line
• Able to diagnose multiple reclose attempts when only one reclose was expected
• Recent construction work changed the configuration
• Found that relay settings were not properly updated
15
(4 seconds)
-
Discovery of Failing Equipment
• Discovered many loose connections in the potential circuits at fuses or terminal blocks
• This has caused misoperations in the past (relays get confused)
• Proactively finding these helps prevent future outages and misoperations
16
(35 minutes)
(4 seconds)
-
PT Problem Report
• Our daily PT Problem report performs a dV/dT to help identify abnormal voltage fluctuations
17
(2 weeks)
Failing analog input
-
Stability Assessment - FFT
• FFT algorithm used to detect oscillations
• Sends email or text message when the oscillations reach an objectionable level
• This wind farm PMU shows many undesirable components, the worst at 14Hz
18
-
Stability Assessment - Redbud Oscillations
• Discovered voltage oscillations on EHV system (0.2Hz)
• Signal is most pronounced on the MVAR plot
• Suspected a generation problem
• Determined to be a problem with Redbud Unit 4 when in VAR control mode
• VAR control mode used during unit startup, oscillations stop when operator switches to voltage control scheme
19
(20 minutes)
(1 minute)
-
Wind Farm Oscillations
• Only during high winds
• FFT analysis shows 13-14Hz
• Voltage fluctuations as high as 5%
• Interaction between wind farms?
• Switching performed to electrically isolate the wind farms
• Determined it was a problem at different wind farms with the same turbine model
• The only solution was to curtail output
20
(35 minutes)
(2 seconds)
-
Customer Impact
• Using IEEE 141, the oscillations were well into the objectionable flicker zone
• Called the Woodward service center to ask if they could see the lights flickering
• They confirmed visible flicker and noted numerous customer complaints
• We successfully worked with the manufacturer to resolve the issue
21
-
Sensitivity to System Changes
• One line was out of service for maintenance
• Fault on another line started the oscillations
• Had to curtail output to stop oscillations
• Shows wind farm sensitivity to system impedance changes
(19 seconds)
(19 seconds)
22
-
Monitoring Power Quality
23
• It has been observed that large loads inject noise onto the system
• Large refineries and arc furnaces are the worst offenders
• Synchrophasors allow for real time power quality monitoring
(7 seconds)
(25 minutes)
-
PMU Assisted Tripping
• 69kV loop around Ardmore, OK
• Sensitive Industrial customers
• No traditional carrier/fiber tripping (0.5 sec step distance)
• Network available
• New relays available
• Why not use synchrophasors to speed up tripping 5x?
24
-
PMU Assisted Tripping
25
-
Wind Resources in SPP
26
-
OG&E Wind Penetration > 4000MW
• SPP record peak of 45% and 10,783MW on 3/21/2016
• 60° angle spread across OG&E from west to east
27
60°
-
Oklahoma Ranks #7 in Solar Potential
28
-
Utility Scale Solar 2.5MW Pilot at Mustang
29
-
Comparing Days (Meter Data)30
-
Comparing Days (Synchrophasor Data)31
-
Output With Cloud Coverage
32
-
Questions?
• Thanks! Feel free to contact me if you have any questions.
– Austin White
• [email protected] (405-553-5996)
33
mailto:[email protected]
-
OG&E’s PhasorView
34