synopses of courses - university of malayafizik.um.edu.my/coh/courses/synopsis.pdf · synopses of...

SYNOPSES OF COURSES

BRIDGING COURSES The bridging courses are equivalent to STPM level (or ‘A’-level). Students who register for the B.Sc.(Physics) program but do not possess the qualifications equivalent to STPM Physics and STPM Mathematics are required to take the bridging courses. They are required to pass with a minimum grade C (CPA 2.00) in the bridging courses as pre-requisites to enter the Bachelor of Science (Physics) program. The credits acquired from the bridging courses will not be considered in the CPA or CGPA of the examination results for the program. However, courses SMES1501 and SMES1502 are also offered as non-core courses to students not taking the B.Sc.(Physics) program. In this case, the credits acquired from the two courses will be included in the CPA or CGPA of the examination results for their respective programs. SMES1501 Fundamentals of Matter (2 credits) General physics: units, physical quantities, Newton’s laws, momentum and collisions, friction. Vibrations and Waves: simple harmonic motion, wave motion, wave properties, resonance, superposition, Doppler effect. Electromagnetic Waves: electromagnetic spectrum, Brewster’s law, speed of light, interference and diffraction, Young’s experiment, Newton’s rings, Fresnel diffraction, Fraunhofer diffraction, telescopes, polarization, photoelectric effect. Solids and Fluids: elasticity, Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, stress, strain, phase transition, latent heat. Thermodynamics: equation of state, thermodynamics laws, diabatic process, isochoric process, isothermal process, Maxwell’s distribution, the ideal gas, triple point and critical point, temperature, pressure, thermal expansion. Light and Optics: reflection and refraction, Huygens’ principle, lenses and optical instruments.

Reference Texts: 1. J.D. Wilson, A.J. Buffa, B. Lou, College Physics, 6th Ed. (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007) 2. James S. Walker, Physics, 3rd Ed. (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007) 3. D.C. Giancoli, Physics: Principles with Application, 6th Ed. (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005) 4. F.W. Sears, M. W. Zemansky, H.D. Young, University Physics, 6th Ed. (Narosa Publishing

House, 1998)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES1502 Fundamentals of Particles and Force (2 credits) Electromagnetism: electric current, potential difference, electric energy, resistance, Ohm’s Law, electric conduction in metal, semiconductors, power, Kirchhoff’s Law, Wheatstone bridge, potentiometer, internal resistance, ammeter; magnetic field, magnetic force on conductors and moving charges, e/m measurements, Hall effect, cathode ray, oscilloscope, moving coil galvanometer, magnetic effect from current, Biot-Savart Law, permeability of medium, electromagnetic field, magnetic flux, electromagnetic induction, mutual and self induction, alternator, dynamo, motor; electrostatics, insulator, Coulomb’s Law, electric field, potential, charge in conductors, corona discharge, van der Graaf generator, Gauss Law, capacitor and capacitance, dielectrics, parallel and series capacitor; alternating current, vector form, resistance, capacitance and inductance in AC circuit, filter, resonance circuit, tuning in radio receiver, transformer; diodes, Zener diodes.

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Particle and Nuclear Physics: electron, wave-particle duality, de Broglie relation, Millikan’s electron charge measurement, Rutherford’s theory and experiment, Bohr theory, quantum hypothesis, hydrogen atom energy level, ionization, emission, absorption, quantum theory, Pauli exclusion principal, X-ray production and properties, X-ray diffraction; nuclear structure, mass defects, isotope separation, nuclear binding energy measurement; radioactive decay, half-life law, alpha, beta and gamma rays, detector, nuclear reaction, conservation of mass and energy, fission and fusion, reactor, applications of radioactive isotopes.

Reference Texts: 1. Zahrah Ahmad, Wan Haliza, K.Y. Liew, M.M. Yatim, Physics for matriculation, 2nd ed.

(Oriental Academic Publication, 2006) 2. J.D. Wilson, A.J. Buffa, B. Lou, College Physics, 6th Ed. (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007) 3. D.C. Giancoli, Physics: Principles with Application, 6th Ed. (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005) 4. R.A. Serway, College Physics, 6th Ed. (Thomson – Brooks/Cole, 2003)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES1503 Mathematics Fundamentals for Physics (2 credits) Simple revision: Algebra – quadratic equations, factorial, arithmetic series, geometric series, binomial series, ‘Σ’ notation; Calculus – limit, addition, δ, first derivative, gradient, second derivative, standard derivatives, theorems of useful derivative, differentiation on function of a function, differentiation on scaled variables, series expansion, minimum and maximum of a function, function form near the minimum; Function – sketch, forms of odd, even and periodic functions, forms of functions + constant, forms of scaled functions, forms of function of a constant product, shift functions, forms of reverse function, forms of standard functions: sin, cos, tan, mx+c, x2, x3, ±x1/2, 1/x, eax, forms of product of two functions; Trigonometry – angle, radian, angle in triangle, trigonometry formulae; Integration – integration as a differential inversion, theorems of integration. Calculus: inversion function differential, partial differential, minimum and maximum, small changes, variable changes. Power series and polynomial: Taylor series, Maclaurin series, L’Hospital law; estimation using Taylor series; Taylor series with two variables, static point. Definite integral: areas, positive and negative sections, separating integration range, interchanging the limit, definite integration of even, odd and periodic functions, effect of small changes in integration limit. Integration calculation: variable changes, partial fraction/perfecting power square, integration by parts, reduction formula, standard integration. Double and triple integrations: Integration for calculating the length of a curve, centre of mass and solid volume of revolution in Cartesian coordinate, Jacobian and surface integrations. Differentiation equations of first level: separated variables, homogen, linear, exact. Complex numbers: theorem of de Moivre, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions. Vector: addition of vector, relative speed/position. Matrix: equations, additions, products of scalar and other matrix. Probability: binomial Poisson and Gaussian/normal distributions.

Reference Texts: 1. Amran Hussin, dll., Matematik Tulen Pra-Universiti (Pen. Fajar Bakti, 1994) 2. R. Smedley, G. Wiseman, Introducing Pure Mathematics (Oxford, 2001) 3. Mary L. Boas, Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences, 3nd Ed. (Wiley, 2003) 4. Tan Chong Eng, et al, Mathematics for STPM Pure & Statistics (Penerbit Fajar Bakti, 2004) 5. P. Dennery, Mathematics for Physicists (Dover Publ., 1996)

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Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment

CORE COURSES

LEVEL 1 SMES1102 Basic Mathematical Methods (3 Credits) Vector: addition, dot product, cross product. Functions with one variable: differentiation and integration. Ordinary differential equations: First order differential equation, homogeneous second order linear differential equations. Taylor series including many variables. Matrices: addition, multiplication, determinant. Complex number, exp (iθ) expression.

Reference Texts: 1. Mary L. Boas, Mathematical methods in the physical sciences (John Wiley & Sons, 1983) 2. S. Lipschutz, J.J. Schiller, R.A. Srinivasan, Schaum’s Outline of Beginning Finite

Mathematics (McGraw-Hill, 2004) 3. M. Lipsson, Schaum’s Easy Outline of Discrete Mathematics (McGraw-Hill, 2002) 4. S. Lipschutz, M. Lipson, Schaum’s Outline of Discrete Mathematics, 2nd Edn (McGraw-Hill,

1997) 5. M.R. Spiegel, Schaum’s Outline of Advanced Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists, SI

metric ed. (McGraw-Hill, 1980)


SMES1103 Beginning Mathematical Methods (3 Credits) Linear Equations: Row reduction, determinant and Cramer’s Rule. Vectors and vector analysis: Straight line and planes; vector multiplication, triple vector, differentiation of vectors, vector fields, directional derivative, gradient, expressions involving ∇ , line integrals, Green’s theorem in a plane, divergence and divergence theorem, curl and Stoke’s theorem. Matrices: Linear combination, linear functions, linear operators, sets of linear equations, special matrices. Partial differentiation: Power series in two variables, total differentiation, chain rule, application of partial differentiation to maximum and minimum problems including constraints, Lagrange multipliers, endpoint and boundary point problems, change of variables, differentiation of integrals, Leibniz Rule. Multiple integrals: Double and triple integrals, change of variables in integrals, Jacobian, surface integrals. Ordinary differential equation: Inhomogeneous second order linear differential equations.

Reference Texts: 1. Mary L. Boas, Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences, 2nd Ed. (John Wiley & Sons,

1983) 2. S. Hassani, Foundation of Mathematical Physics (Prentice-Hall, 1991)

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3. G.B. Arfken, H.J. Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 6th Edition - Int’l (Acad. Press, 2005)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES1201 Vibrations and Waves (2 Credits) Simple harmonic motion, damped oscillation, forced and coupled oscillations, wave propagating in a string; transverse and horizontal waves, wave at the interface of two media, superposition of waves, wave velocity, group velocity, interference, diffraction; sound wave, light wave, electromagnetic wave, wave in fluids, wave-particle duality; small vibration theory.

Reference Texts: 1. H.J. Pain, The Physics of Vibrations & Waves, 6th Ed. (Wiley, Chichester, 2005) 2. W. Gough, Vibrations and Waves (Chichester, 1983) 3. I.G. Main, Vibrations and Waves in Physics (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1978)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES1202 Thermal Physics (2 Credits) Reference Texts: 1. F.W. Sears & G.L. Salinger, Thermo-dynamics, Kinetic Theory & Statistical

Thermodynamics, 3rd Ed. (Addison-Wesley, 1975) 2. Mark W. Zemansky & Richard H. Dittman, Heat and Thermodynamics, 7th Ed. (McGraw-

Hill Int’l Ed., 1997) 3. Thomas Espinola, Introduction to Thermophysics (Wm.C. Brown Publ., 1994) 4. Daniel V. Schroeder, An Introduction to Thermal Physics (Addison Wesley Longman, 2000)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES1203 Modern Physics (2 Credits)

Special theory of relativity: Galileo-Newtonian relativity, Michelson-Morley experiment, Special theory of relativity postulates; Lorentz transformation; Lorentz contraction, time dilation; relativity of mass, momentum and energy; 4-vectors time–position and momentum-energy. Quantum Theory: The need for quantum theory; duality of particle-wave; wave function; Heisenberg uncertainty, time independent Schrodinger equation; examples in 1-D – infinitely square potential well, etc. Derivation of Second Newton Law from quantum mechanics. Atomic matter: summary of atomic structure and the physics of periodic table; types of atomic bond, Van de Waals bond, Lennard Jones potential and its relation to characteristics of matter; crystal structures, summary of phonon concepts. Summary of electron conduction in conductor, semiconductor and insulator. Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity: Structure and characteristics of nucleus, binding energy, nuclear forces; radioactivity, conservation laws, Q-value, natural radioactivity series; nuclear reactions, cross-section, compound nucleus; summary of nuclear technology and nuclear reactor; X-ray spectrum and atomic number (Bremsstrahlung). Particle physics and astrophysics: Summary of elementary particles and force; summary of Big Bang theory; summary of structure and evolution of stars and galaxies.

Reference Texts: 1. K. Krane, Modern Physics, 2nd Ed. (Wiley, 1996) 2. R.A. Serway, C.J. Moses, C.A. Moyer, Modern Physics, 3rd Ed. (Saunders, 2005)

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3. A. Beiser, Concepts of Modern Physics, 6th Ed. (McGraw-Hill, 2002) 4. H.C. Ohanian, Modern Physics, 2nd Ed. (Prentice Hall, 1995) 5. R. Eisberg & R. Resnick, Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei & Particles

(Wiley, 1985)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES1204 Basic Electronics (2 Credits) Circuit Theory: Kirchhoff’s law, Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems, Ohm’s law, circuit analysis technique, impedance matching. Semiconductor Diodes: Properties of semiconductor, p-n junction, forward and reverse bias, energy bands diagram, current-voltage characteristics and simple diode circuits. Use of diode in power supply circuit: half-wave, full-wave and bridge rectifiers, transformer, capacitor-input and choke-input filters; special diode – Zener, voltage regulator. Bipolar junction Transistor (BJT): Characteristics of transistor, simple transistor circuit, current and voltage gain, concept of load line; biasing conditions and DC circuit analysis. Field Effect Transistor (JFET and MOSFET): Constructions and structures of JFET and MOSFET, principle of operation, current-voltage characteristics, biasing conditions and DC analysis.

Reference Texts: 1. R. Boylestad & L. Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 9th ed. (Prentice Hall,

2006) 2. T.L. Floyd, Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices, and Applications (Prentice Hall,

2003) 3. A.P. Malvino, Electronic Principles (McGraw Hill, 1999) 4. A.J. Diefenderfer & B.E. Holton, Principles of Electronic Instrumentation, 3rd Edition

(Saunders Coll. Publ., 1994)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES1205 Experimental Methods (2 Credits) Experiment: Function and design. Physical quantities, dimensional analysis. Basic measurements: callipers, electric meters, oscilloscopes. Experimental data analysis: precision and accuracy, significant figures, systematic error, statistical error, propagation of uncertainties of measurement, uncertainty analysis, statistical analysis, data fitting, confidence limit, test for bias, calibration. Treatment and reduction of data. Data presentation: Tables and graphs. Report writing. Laboratory safety.

Reference Texts: 1. J.P. Holman, Experimental Methods for Engineers (McGraw-Hill, 2001) 2. N.C. Barford, Experimental Measurements: Precision, Error and Truth (Addison Wesley,

1967) 3. J. Topping, Errors of Observation and their Treatment (Chapman & Hall, 1979)


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SMES1271 Physics Practical (2 Credits) Physics experiments covering topics on mechanics, heat, electricity, magnetism, optics and modem physics. Simple computer programming.

Assessment Mode: 100% Continuous Assessment

LEVEL 2

SMES2103 Modern Optics (3 Credits) Fresnel Equations: external and internal reflections, phase change on reflection, conservation of energy, evanescent waves, complex refractive index, reflection in metals. Superposition of waves: summation of waves with same frequency, summation of waves with different frequencies, anharmonic periodic waves, non periodic waves. Polarisation: properties of polarised light, polarisation, dichroism, birefringence, scattering and polarisation, polarisation due to reflection, retarders, circular polariser, optical activity, induced optical effect (optical modulator), liquid crystal, mathematical description of polarisation. Interference: conditions for interference, wavefront division interferometer, amplitude division interferometer, types and localisation of fringes, multiple-beam interferometer, applications of single and multilayer films, applications of interferometers. Diffraction: Fraunhoffer diffraction, Fresnel diffraction, Kirchhoff diffraction theory, boundary diffraction waves. Coherence: temporal coherence and natural line width, spatial coherence, spatial coherence width. Nonlinear optics and modulation of light: nonlinear medium, second harmonic generation, frequency mixing, Pockels effect, Kerr effect, Faraday effect, acousto-optic effect, phase conjugation, nonlinear optics.

Reference Texts: 1. F.L. Pedrotti, L.M. Pedrotti, & L.S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 3rd Ed. (Pearson

Prentice Hall, 2007) 2. E. Hecht, Optics, 4th Ed. (Addison-Wesley, 2002) 3. F.A. Jenkins & H.E. White, Fundamentals of Optics, 4th Ed. (McGraw-Hill College, 2001)


SMES2104 Electronics (3 Credits) Semiconductor diodes: semiconductor materials, n-type and p-type semiconductors. Bipolar and field effect transistor circuits: working principles of transistor, current-voltage characteristics of transistor, transistor amplifier, arrangements of transistor circuits, current and voltage gains, load line, switching circuits. Analysis of bipolar and field effect transistor amplifiers: equivalent circuits analysis including the hybrid parameter method, the input and output impedances, voltage and current gains, frequency effects, the Bode plot. Introduction to digital circuits: basic gates, multivibrator. Operational amplifier: ideal amplifier, inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, current to voltage and voltage to current converters, comparators, subtracting and summing circuits, integrators and differentiators, circuit analysis, filter circuits.

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Reference Texts: 1. R. Boylestad & L. Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 8th Ed. (Prentice Hall,

2001) 2. A.P. Malvino, Electronic Principles (McGraw Hill, 1999) 3. D. Malcolm, Asas Elektrik (Pen. UTM, 1996)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES2105 Numerical and Computational Methods (3 Credits) Usage of computers in solving scientific problems. Interpolation: least square fit, optimization Initial value problem: description of problem; consistency criterion, accuracy, stability and efficiency; Euler’s method, leap-frog method, multisteps and implicit method, Rungge-Kutta method, backward Euler’s method, Adams-Bashforth method, application in single particle system, application in many particles system, particle-field method, Debye length. Boundary and eigen values problem: vagueness problem in discretization; Numerov algorithm, boundary value problem integration, solving Green’s function to boundary value problem, eigen values of wave equation and stationary solution of 1-D Schroedinger equation. Applications. Special functions and Gaussian quadrator, applications. Matrix operation: matrix inversion, eigen value of tri-diagonal matrix, reduction to tri-diagonal form. Applications. Elliptical partial differential equation: discretization and principle of change; using the iteration method in boundary value problem and elliptical equation in 2 dimensions, recurrence methods, Point-Jacobi, Gauss-Siedal and more consecutive chains; application of direct method, Gaussian elimination and fast Fourier transformation. Applications. Partial parabolic differential equation: column discretization and instability, implicit and tri-diagonal inverse matrix methods. Applications. Monte Carlo method: basic Monte Carlo strategy, generation of random variable with specific distribution, Metropolis algorithm, Ising model in 2 dimensions. Application.

Reference Texts: 1. J.F. Epperson, An Introduction to Numerical Methods and Analysis (Wiley, 2002) 2. M.T. Heath, Scientific Computing, 2nd Ed. (McGraw-Hill, 2002) 3. N.J. Giordano & H. Nakanishi, Computational Physics, 2nd Ed. (Prentice-Hall, 2005) 4. J.J. Leader, Numerical Analysis & Scientific Computation (Pearson Addison-Wesley, 2004)


SMES2171 Fundamental Physics Practical (2 Credits) Practical classes for experiments in fundamental physics on electricity, magnetism, thermodynamics, optics, spectroscopy and etc.


SMES2173 Electronics Practical (2 Credits) Electronics experiments covering topics on diodes, rectification, transistors, amplifiers, digital electronics and etc.

Assessment Mode:

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100% Continuous Assessment

SMES2174 Applied Physics Practical (4 Credits) Applied physics experiments covering topics on solid state physics, plasma physics, applied optics, radiation, material physics and device physics.

Assessment Mode: 100% Continuous Assessment SMES2177 Computers in Physics Teaching Practical (2 Credits) Experiments on using computers in Physics teaching.

Assessment Mode: 100% Continuous Assessment SMES2201 Quantum Mechanics (3 Credits) Basic principles: wave packets, wave velocity and group velocity, eigen functions and superposition principles; operator concepts and expectation values, time variation for expectation value, parity operator, operators and eigen function for position and momentum, uncertainty in measurements, Heisenberg uncertainty principle, space representation and momentum representation; measurement effect, commutators and motion constant, probability flux continuity equation, Ehrenfest theorem, quantum mechanical postulates. Time independent Schroedinger equation: free particle, step potential, square well potential, barrier potential, resonance, tunnelling and decay; harmonic oscillator, projection operators. Single electron atom: quantum mechanics in 3-D, solution of Schroedinger equation, quantum numbers, eigen values and degeneracy; angular momentum operators, spherical harmonic functions; eigen function and probability density. Perturbation theory: time independent perturbation theory; second Fermi golden rule. Angular momentum: angular momentum operators, orbital magnetic moment; external magnetic effect, Stern-Gerlach experiment, electron spin, spin-orbit interaction; total angular momentum, relativity effect. Identical particles, fermion, boson. Time dependent perturbation theory, atom and photon interaction, stimulated emission, absorption and spontaneous emission.

Reference Texts: 1. D. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics (Prentice Hall, 2004) 2. R. Scherrer, Quantum Mechanics An Accessible Introduction (Pearson Int’l Ed., 2006) 3. Richard L. Liboff, Introductory Quantum Mechanics (Addison Wesley, 2003) 4. R. Eisberg & R. Resnick, Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and

Particles (Wiley, 1974)


SMES2203 Mathematical Methods (3 Credits) Fourier Series and Fourier transformation: periodic function, Fourier series, average value of a function, Fourier coefficient, Dirichlet condition, complex form of Fourier series, general interval, even and odd functions, Parseval theorem, Fourier transformation, convolution. Transformation coordinates: linear transformation, orthogonal transformation, vector value and eigenvalue, diagonal matrix and its application. Curvilinear coordinates, scalar factor and basic

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vector for orthogonal system, general curvilinear coordinate, vector operator in orthogonal curvilinear coordinate. Special functions: factorial function, Gamma function, Beta function, relation between Beta and Gamma functions, error function, asymtotic series, Stirling formula, elliptical function and integral. Series solution for Differential equations: Legendre’s equation, Leibnitz’ rule, Rodriguez’ formula, generator function for Legendre polynomial, orthogonal function, orthogonality and nomality of Legendre polynomial, Legendre’s series, associated Legendre’s function. Frobenius’ method, Bessel function, 2nd order solution of Bessel function, recurrence relations, general differential equation with solutions in the form of Bessel function, other types of Bessel functions, orthogonality of Bessel function, approximation formula for Bessel function. Hermite’s function, Laguerre’s function, staircase operator. Partial Differential Equations: Laplace equation, steady-state temperature in rectangular sheet, heat equation and absorption. Wave equation, vibrating string, steady-state temperature in a cylinder, vibrating membrane, steady state temperature in a sphere, Poisson’s equation.

Reference Texts: 1. Mary L. Boas, Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences, 2nd Ed. (Wiley, New York, 1983) 2. P.B. Kahn, Mathematical Methods for Scientists and Engineers (Wiley, 1992) 3. S. Hassani, Foundation of Mathematical Physics (Prentice-Hall, 1991) 4. G.B. Arfken, H.J. Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 6th Edition - Int’l (Elsevier

Acad. Press, 2005)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES2204 Mechanics (3 Credits) Motion of a particle: kinematics in two-dimension and three-dimension, theories of energy and momentum, linear momentum, angular momentum, motion in two- and three-dimensions, types of forces and potential energy, projectile motion, motion caused by centripetal force. Motion of a system of particles: center of mass and linear momentum, angular momentum and kinetic energy of a system of particles, motion of a body with changing mass, rocket and planetary motion, collision problem, 2-body problem, center of mass coordinate system and Rutherford scattering. Non-inertial coordinate system: origin of non-inertial coordinate, rotating coordinate systems, laws of motion on the rotating earth, Faucault pendulum, Larmor’s theory. Special Theory of Relativity: kinematics and relativity dynamics, 4-vectors method. Relativity and Electromagnetism: transformation for electric and magnetic fields, field of a point charge that moves uniformly, force and field near a current-carrying wire, forces between moving charges, invariance of Maxwell’s equations.

Reference Texts: 1. J.B. Marion & S.T. Thornton, Classical Dynamics of Particles and Systems, 4th Ed.

(Saunders College Publishing, 1995) 2. G.R. Fowles & G.L. Cassiday, Analytical Mechanics, 6th Ed. (Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2005) 3. R. Resnick, Introduction to Special Relativity (Wiley, 1979) 4. G.V. Rosser, An Introduction to the Theory of Relativity (Butterworths, London, 1964) 5. H. Stephani, Relativity: An Introduction to Special and General Relativity (Cambridge Univ.

Press, 2004)


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SMES2205 Statistical Physics (3 Credits) Summary of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics formulation in statistical terms, application of canonical ensemble approach with examples related to paramagnetic solid and specific heat capacity of solid, distribution of classical and quantum particles, Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution and the ideal classical gas, ideal quantum gas, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distributions. Applications: phonon in solid, photon and black body radiation, low temperature physics. Shannon information theory, entropy, collective entropy, communication line.

Reference Texts: 1. F. Reif, Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics (McGraw-Hill, 1965) 2. F. Mandl, Statistical Physics, 2nd Ed. (Wiley, 1988) 3. R. Bowley and M. Sanchez, Introductory Statistical Mechanics (Oxford Science Publ., 2002) 4. Silvio R.A. Salinas, Introduction to Statistical Physics (Springer, 2001)


SMES2206 Electricity and Magnetism (3 Credits) Electrostatics: electric charge, Coulomb’s Law, electric field, continuous charge distribution; Gauss law in integral form, electric potential, Poisson and Laplace equations; work done in moving charges, energy of point charge distribution and continuous charge distribution; conductors, induced charge, surface charge of capacitor; RC circuit. Technique of calculating potential: Laplace equation in one dimension. Electrostatic field in matter: dielectric, induced dipoles, polarization; bounded charge, field in dielectric; electric displacement; linear dielectrics: susceptibility, permittivity and dielectric constant, energy in dielectric system, force at dielectric, polarizability. Magnetostatics: Lorentz force law - magnetic field and force, current; Biot-Savart law - steady current, magnetic field of steady current; divergence and curl of magnetic field, Ampere’s law; magnetic vector potential; magnetic dipoles, magnetic dipole moment. Magnetostatics in matter: diamagnet, paramagnet and ferromagnet, magnetization, bounded current; Ampere’s law in magnetized materials, magnetic susceptibility and permeability, ferromagnetism. Electrodynamics: electromotive force (emf), motion emf; electromagnetic induction, Faraday’s law, mutual inductance, self inductance, energy in magnetic field, displacement current; RLC circuit. Combined electricity and magnetism to produce Maxwell’s equations.

Reference Texts: 1. David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Kenneth S. Krane, Physics, Volume 2, 5th Ed. (John Wiley

& Sons, 2002) 2. Edward M. Purcell, Electricity and Magnetism -Berkeley Physics Course, Volume 2, 2nd Ed.

(McGraw-Hill, 1985) 3. W. H. Hyat, Jr. & John A. Buck, Engineering Electromagnetics, 7th Ed. (McGraw-Hill, 2006) 4. Hugh D. Young and Roger A. Freedman, Sear and Zemansky’s University Physics, 11th Ed.

(Pearson/Addison-Wesley, 2004)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES2207 Electromagnetism (3 Credits) Recap on electricity and magnetism in differential form: Gauss law in differential form, divergence and curl of magnetic field; Laplace equation in 2 and 3 dimensions, boundary conditions and theorem of uniqueness; imaging method; separation of variables: rectangular,

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cylindrical and spherical coordinates; free and bounded charges, D, E and P vectors; magnetization, B, H dan M vectors, free and bounded current, magnetic scalar and vector potentials, gauge; time-varying field. Maxwell’s equations in differential form: Solution in free space, Maxwell’s equations in matter, boundary conditions; scalar potential and vector, gauge transformation, Poynting theorem. Electromagnetic waves: in free space, polarization, reflection and transmission in medium; electromagnetic wave propagation and Poynting vector; electromagnetic wave in nonconducting medium, electromagnetic wave in conducting medium; frequency dependence of permittivity, permeability and conductivity, dispersion in nonconducting medium. Propagation of electromagnetic wave between conducting planes, in rectangular and hollow wave-guides. Maxwell’s equation, the 4-vectorial forms and Lorentz invariance.

Reference Texts: 1. D.J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics (Prentice Hall, 1999) 2. W. H. Hyat, Jr. & John A. Buck, Engineering Electromagnetics, 7th Ed. (McGraw-Hill, 2006) 3. M. N. O. Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetics, 3rd Ed. (Oxford Univ. Press, 2001) 4. D. K. Cheng, Fundamentals of Engineering Electromagnetics (Addison-Wesley, 1993) 5. I.S. Grant & W.R. Philips, Introduction to Electromagnetism (Wiley, 1992)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES2208 Optics (2 Credits)

Production and measurement of light: electromagnetic spectrum, radiometry, photometry, black body radiation, optical radiation sources, radiation detectors. Geometrical optics: Huygen’s and Fermat’s principles, reflection in plane mirrors and refraction through plane surfaces, reflection and refraction at spherical surface; Thin lenses, stops, prisms, fiberoptics, optical systems; Wavefront shaping (adaptive optics and phase conjugation), gravitational lensing, thick lenses; Analytical ray tracing, aberrations, GRIN systems. Interference: wave fundamentals, principle of superposition, two-wave interference, interference in dielectric films (at normal and inclined incidence), interferometer. Diffraction: Huygen-Fresnel principle, Fraunhofer diffraction, diffraction from single slit, diffraction from multiple slits, diffraction from 2 dimensional aperture, diffraction grating. Polarization: polarized light, polarization by selective absorption, reflection, scattering; Optical activity. Laser and its applications: essential elements of laser, laser operation, characteristics of laser light, laser types and parameters, laser applications; holography.

Reference Texts: 1. F.L. Pedrotti, L.M. Pedrotti, & L.S. Pedrotti, Introduction to Optics, 3rd Ed. (Pearson

Prentice Hall, 2007) 2. David Halliday, Robert Resnick, Kenneth S. Krane, Physics, Volume 2, 5th Ed. (John Wiley

& Sons, 2002) 3. F.A. Jenkins & H.E. White, Fundamentals of Optics (McGraw-Hill, 1976) 4. E. Hecht, Optics (Addison-Wesley, 2002)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES2209 Instrumentation (2 Credits) Basic concepts: general measuring systems, static and dynamic measurements, response of system, distortion, impedance matching, loading effect.

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Noise: effect of noise and interference, signal-to-noise ratio, source of noise and coupling mechanisms, noise measurement, techniques for reducing the effects of noise and interference. Signal conditioning: basic input circuits, amplifier, filters. Vacuum technology: establishing and measuring vacuum, sensors and transducers - based on resistance, capacitance, inductance, electromagnetism, thermoelectricity, piezoelectricity and optics; efficiency and responsiveness. Data acquisition and processing: data acquisition systems, analog-to-digital and digital-to analog conversions, data transmissions. Special measurement systems: selected measurement techniques and systems in several aspects of physics and engineering.

Reference Texts: 1. J.P. Holman, Experimental Methods for Engineers (McGraw-Hill, 2000) 2. J.W. Dally, W.F. Riley & K.G. McConnel, Instrumentation for Engineering Measurements

(Wiley, 1993) 3. N.S. Harris, Modern Vacuum Practice (McGraw-Hill, 1989) 4. J.P. Bentley, Principles of Measurement Systems, 4th Edn (Pearson – Prentice Hall, 2005)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES2404 Atmospheric Physics (3 Credits) Sun as the source of radiation to earth; physical characteristics of the sun and its electromagnetic wave radiation as from black body. Formation of sunspot and Babcock’s theory; maximum and minimum cycle of the sun, their effects on satellites in space, astronauts in space, and earth. Atmosphere of the sun, photosphere, cromosphere, corona, prominence occurrence, and solar flares. Earth’s layered atmosphere in terms of density, temperature and molecular mass number. Green house effect and temperature structure at the atmosphere. How a satellite experiences atmospheric drag, erosion of the ozone layer over the Antartic continent which is caused by human in releasing CFC gases compared to the Artic region. Effects of atmospheric pollution in the mesosphere region caused by excessive production of carbon dioxide and methane.

Reference Texts: 1. Asgeir Brekke, Physics of The Upper Polar Atmosphere (John Wiley-Praxis Series in

Atmospheric Physics, 1997) 2. J. Houghton, Physics of Atmospheres (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001) 3. D.G. Andrews, An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000) 4. R.G. Fleagle, An Introduction to Atmospheric Physics (Academic Press, 1980)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES2405 Gas Discharge Physics (3 Credits) Fundamental concepts and processes: kinetic theory of gases, Maxwellian distribution, concepts of temperature and pressure, collision cross-section, transfer of energy in collisions, processes induced by electron collisions, ion-neutral collision, metastable ion/atom collision, processes relating to electrode effect, plasma potential, Debye shielding, plasma sheath, plasma frequency, electrical conductivity, magnetic field effect consideration, diffusion. Discharge breakdown: I-V characteristic curve of gaseous discharge, Townsend’s theory of gaseous discharge, breakdown criterion, Paschen’s law, breakdown voltage. Characteristics of glow discharges: formation of glow discharge, cathode fall theory of normal glow discharge, negative glow, positive column, positive column theory, hot cathode discharge. Electric probe.

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Thermodynamics of ionized gas: real gas effect in kinetic theory, equation of state, the law of mass action, partition function, dynamical function in terms of z, Saha equation, enthalphy caloric equation.

Reference Texts: 1. Brian Chapman, Glow Discharge Processes (John Wiley, 1980) 2. C.S. Wong, Nota Syarahan (Jabatan Fizik, Universiti Malaya, 2002) 3. Yu P. Raizer, Gas Discharge Physics (Springer, 1997 reprint) 4. J.Reece Roth, Industrial Plasma Engineering, Vol 1 Principles (IOP Publishing, London,

1995) 5. R.J. Goldston & P.H. Rutherford, Introduction to Plasma Physics (IOP Publishing, 1995)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES2406 Radiation Physics (3 Credits) Radiation source, instability and type of radioactivity. Half-life and mean life. Natural radioactive series and radioactive equilibrium (Bateman equation), branching decay and types of decay. Nucleus activation, cross-section. X-ray production, Moseley Law. X-ray fluorescence. Interaction of photon radiation with matter (elastic and inelastic processes). Bremsstrahlung theory. Dosimetry, equivalent dose, radon and thoron measurements. Biological effects, somatic and genetic. Counting statistics. Radiation detectors.

Reference Texts: 1. Abdul Ghaffar Ramli, Keradioaktifan: Asas dan Penggunaan (DBP, 1991) 2. G.F. Knoll, Radiation Detection and Measurement, 3rd Ed. (Wiley, 2000) 3. C. Leroy and P-G. Rancoita, Principles of Radiation Interaction in Matter and Detection

(World Scientific, 2004) 4. M. Mladenovi’c, Radioisotop and radiation physics: An Introduction (Academic Press, 1973)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES2407 Astrophysics and Cosmology (3 Credits) Introduction to the structure of the galaxy, the Milky Way through observation of luminosity, magnitude and stars in the halo, spiral arm and nucleus in our galaxy. The birth of star such as the sun through its demise. Nuclear reaction in the core of star while at the main sequence, red giant branch and until its demise either as a nova or supernova. Finally, the star becomes a white dwarf, brown dwarf or neutron star, pulsar or black hole. The beginnings of the universe from cosmology principle, big bang theory, Olber’s paradox, Newton’s gravitational theory, Einstein’s theory of relativity, cosmological red shift law and background microwave. Hubble’s law to estimate the age of the universe.

Reference Texts: 1. M. Zeilik & S.A. Gregory, Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics, 4th Ed. (Saunders Coll.

Publ., 1998) 2. E. Chaisson & S. McMillan, Astronomy Today (Pearson Education, 2005) 3. M. Zeilik, Astronomy: The Evolving Universe (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES2408 Polymer Physics (3 Credits)

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Introduction to polymer. Morphology, structure and physical properties of polymer. Viscosity, rubber elasticity, transition and relaxation. Superposition of time-temperature, WLF equation. Special applied polymer, conducting polymer. Technologically important polymers.

Reference Texts: 1. David J. Bower, An Introduction to Polymer Physics (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2002) 2. Joel R. Fried, Polymer Science and Technology (Prentice Hall, 2003) 3. N.G. McCrum, C.P. Buckley & C.B. Bucknall, Principles of Polymer Engineering, 2nd Ed.

(Oxford Sci. Publications, 1997) 4. M. Rubinstein & Ralph H. Colby, Polymer Physics (Oxford Univ. Press, 2003) 5. L.H. Sperling, Introduction to Physical Polymer Science (Wiley-Interscience, 2001)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES2409 Biophysics (3 Credits)

Measurements in biophysics; natural and artificial cell membrane; energy transduction and photosynthesis, bioenergetics; biophysics of muscles; physics of cardiovascular systems; bioelectricity and bioelectronics; biophysics of radiation; photobiology; physics of nerves system and psyco-physics; protein and genes; chaos and self organization.

Reference Texts: 1. F.R. Hallet, P.A. Speight & R.H. Stinson, A Topical Approach to Biological Concepts (1982) 2. Metcalf, Topik dalam Biofizik Klasik (Pen.USM, 1989) 3. Ahmad Tarmizi Ramli, Biofizik Sinaran (DBP, 1993) 4. R.H. Austin, Biophysics for physicists (World Scientific, 2002) 5. R. Glaser, Biophysics (Springer, 2001)


LEVEL 3

SMES3102 Microprocessors (3 Credits) Number systems: binary, octal, hexadecimal, binary coded decimal, calculation using these numbers; ASCII code. Introduction to microprocessors: basic definition, word length, concept of addresses, data buses, address buses, and control buses, programming, microprocessor systems and microcontrollers. Microprocessor architecture: internal organization, programming model, the arithmetic and logic unit, registers, stack pointer, internal data bus and logic controller. Memory: types of memory, memory chips, connections to the microprocessor, interfacing and expansion technique, application technique and secondary storage. Communicating with the external world: input and output (I/O), connectivity and the timing diagram, programming the I/O chip, serial and parallel connection techniques, analogue-to-digital and digital-to-analogue converters. Programming: algorithms and flowcharts, command and its types, operation codes, addressing modes, flow of information, assembly language, loops and subroutines. Interfacing: serial and parallel techniques, functions and characteristics of UART, baud rate and it effects, parallel data control word, interfacing standards, handshaking principles

Reference Texts: 1. J. Uffenback, Microcomputers and Microprocessors (Prentice Hall, 2000)

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2. Ramesh S. Gaonkar, The Z80 Microprocessor: Architecture, Interfacing, Programming & Design, 2nd Ed. (Merrill Publ. Co., 2001)

3. Charles M. Gilmore, Microprocessors: Principles and Applications (McGraw-Hill, 1995) 4. R.J. Tocci & F.J. Ambrosio, Microprocessors and Microcomputers: Hardware and Software,

6th edition (Pearson Education Int’l, 2003) 5. Douglas V. Hall, Microprocessors and Interfacing: Programming and Hardware (McGraw-

Hill, 1992)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3103 Computational Techniques (3 Credits) Computer architecture, computer theory, operating system, kernel, real time, data structure and algorithm, computer languages, database, software engineering. Artificial intelligence. Symbolic manipulation, computer graphic, image processing, human-computer interface, GUI. Virtual reality, signal processing, data communication, computer network, internet, data security, parallel processing.

Reference Texts: 1. J. Glenn Brovieshear, Computer Science. An Overview (Addison-Wesley, 2005) 2. G. Nutt, Operating Systems: A Modern Perspective, (Addison-Wesley, 2000) 3. Z. Xiang & R.A. Plastock, Schaum’s Outline on Computer Graphics, (McGraw-Hill, 2000) 4. W. H. Press, et.al. Numerical Recipes in Fortran (Cambridge Univ Press, 1992) 5. J-L. Lauriere, Problem Solving and Artificial Intelligence (Prentice Hall, 1990) 6. P.A. Lynn, An Introduction to the Analysis and Processing of Signals (Hemisphere Publ.

Corp., 1989)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3111 Advanced Quantum Mechanics (3 Credits) General formulation of quantum mechanics: Hilbert space and eigen functions, Hermitian operators; simple harmonic oscillator, ascending and descending operators; development with time, Schroedinger and Heisenberg pictures. Collision theory: transformation of laboratory-center of mass onto cross section; Born approximation and its applications, partial wave analysis and its applications, absorption. Angular momentum: general formulation, ascending/descending operators in angular momentum, angular momentum as rotation symmetry generator, spinor, Pauli equation, total angular momentum. Relativistic Quantum Mechanics: Klein-Gordon equation, Dirac equation and anti-particle interpretations. Conceptual Issue in Quantum theory: meaning of probability; vector state reduction; quantum entanglement; measurement problem; EPR paradox and Bell’s theorem. Introduction to Quantum Field Theory: path integral formula; semiclassical approximation; creation and annihilation operators.

Reference Texts: 1. S. Gasiorowicz, Quantum Physics, 2nd Ed. (John Wiley, 2003) 2. F. Mandl, Quantum Mechanics (John Wiley, 1992) 3. E. Merzbacher, Quantum Mechanics (Wiley, 1998) 4. Isham, Lectures on Quantum Mechanics (Imperial College Press, 1995) 5. K. Gottfried, T-M Yan, Quantum Mechanics: Fundamentals, 2nd Ed. (Springer, 2004)

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Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3112 Advanced Electromagnetism Theory (3 Credits) Electromagnetic wave propagation and Poynting vector. Electromagnetic wave in non-conducting medium and in conductor, dielectric frequency dependency, permeability and conductivity, dispersion in non-conducting medium. Propagation of electromagnetic wave in conducting planes, in square and hollow waveguides; stopping potential, Hertz’ dipoles and antenna. Electromagnetic radiation: retarding potential, electric dipoles radiation, magnetic dipoles radiation. Special relativistic effect in electromagnetic theory, Maxwell’s equations and 4-vectors form and field transformation. Electrodynamic relativity.

Reference Texts: 1. John D. Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics (Wiley, 1998) 2. David J. Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd Ed. (Prentice-Hall, 1999) 3. J.V. Stewart, Intermediate electromagnetic theory, (World Scientific, 2001) 4. T.W. Barrett, D.M. Grimes & T.W. Barrett, Advanced Electromagnetism: Foundations,

Theory and Applications, (World Scientific, 1995) 5. John D. Kraus & Daniel A. Fleisch, Electromagnetics with Applications (McGraw-Hill Int’l

Ed., 1999)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3122 Digital Electronics (3 Credits) Logic gates: AND, OR, NAND, NOR, NOT, XOR, XNOR; TTL logic gates. Logic circuits: Boolean algebra, truth table for Boolean expression, derivation circuit from Boolean expression. Karnaugh map: with three, four, five variables. Digital wave form. TTL chip specification, CMOS; interfacing. Schmitt Trigger: Function and functionality. Combination logic circuit: half adders, full adders product doublet, Consecutive logic: flip-flop, SR, JK, D, T. Register: parallel, series, shifter, ring counter, frequency divider. Memory: RAM, ROM, PROM, etc. Digital number system: binary, octal, hexa decimal, coded demical Coding: BCD, Gray and ASCII codes. Digital devices: PLD, PAL, PLC, micro-controller. Analog-digital interface.

Reference Texts: 1. Thomas L. Floyd, Digital Fundamentals (Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006) 2. R.L. Tokheim, Digital Electronics: Principles and applications, 6th Ed. (Glencoe McGraw-

Hill, 2003) 3. W. Kleitz, Digital and Microprocessor Fundamentals: Theory and Applications, 4th Ed.

(Pearson Education Int’l, 2003) 4. P.P.W. Chandana, Digital systems fundamentals, (Prentice Hall, 2002) 5. J. Crowe, Introduction to Digital Electronics (Arnold, 1998)

Assessment Mode:

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70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3171 Practicals on Microprocessors and Microcomputers (2 Credits) Experiments on microprocessor: machine code programming and interfacing. Computation – LINUX operating system, C language, processes and threads, and network programming.


SMES3201 Nuclear Physics (3 Credits) Nuclear properties, nuclear models; alpha and beta decays, gamma transition; nuclear reactions. Scattering of nuclear particles; nuclear spectrum; charge symmetry; isospin; nuclear force; nucleon-nucleon scattering; force exchange.

Reference Texts: 1. Kenneth S. Krane, Introductory Nuclear Physics (Wiley, 1987) 2. Harald A. Enge, Introduction to Nuclear Physics (Addison-Wesley, 1989) 3. J.S. Lilley, Nuclear Physics: Principles and Applications (Wiley, 2001) 4. Richard Dunlap, An Introduction to the Physics of Nuclei and Particles (Brooks & Cole,

2004) 5. A. Das, T. Ferbel, Introduction to Nuclear and Particle Physics (World Scientific, 2004)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3202 Physics of Atoms and Molecules (3 Credits) Single electron atom, magnetic moment, spin orbital interaction, fine structure, identical particles, two electrons atom, multi electrons atom, angular momentum coupling, hyperfine structure, spectral line width. Diatomic molecule and its spectrum.

Reference Texts: 1. B.H. Bransden, Physics of atoms and molecules, 2nd Ed. (Prentice Hall, 2003) 2. R. Eisberg & R. Resnick, Quantum Physics of Atoms, Molecules, Solids, Nuclei and

Particles (Wiley, 1985) 3. R. Eisberg, Fundamentals of Modern Physics (Wiley, 1961)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3203 Solid State Physics (3 Credits) Introduction to types of solids. Structure of crystalline solids: periodicity, lattice and unit cell, Bravais lattices, directions and planes in crystals, X-ray diffraction, diffraction techniques, reciprocal lattice, Brillouin zone. Bonding in solids. Dynamics of monatomic and diatomic lattices (1-D and 3-D), density of states and dispersion of phonons. Thermal properties: specific heat capacity, thermal conductivity. Free and quantized electron models, d.c. conductivity and electron scattering, a.c. conductivity and optical properties of solids. Band theory of solids: Bloch function, Kronig-Penney model, effective mass, density of states

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and concentration of electrons.

Reference Texts: 1. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th Ed. (John Wiley, 2005) 2. M. Omar, Elementary Solid State Physics (Addison Wesley, 1995) 3. J.S. Blackemore, Solid State Physics (Saunders, 2004) 4. J. Richard Christman, Fundamentals of Solid State Physics (John Wiley, 1988) 5. H.M. Rosenberg, The Solid State, 3rd Ed. (Oxford Univ. Press, 1997)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3303 Advanced Mathematical Methods (3 Credits) Calculus of Variation: Optimization, Lagrange multiplier, Euler equation, application of Euler equation, Lagrange equation. Functions of Complex Variable: Polynomial function, infinite series, exponential function, logarithmic function, general power function; Cauchy-Riemann equations; line integrals and contour, simple joined regions, Cauchy integral theorem and application; Laurent series, residue calculus, Cauchy residue theorem, real integral evaluation, residues at infinity, mapping, applications of conformal mapping. Integral Transforms: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, solutions to differential equations; ripple transformations; Green’s function method, expansion of eigen function. Stocahastic Process: Stochastic differential equations, Ito’s formulae, Martingal’s technique. Group Theory: Symmetry group, di-hedron group, matrix multiplier group, sub-group, conjugation, selective arrangement group, conjugation class, isomorphism, Cayley’s theorem, homomorphism; representation, reduction, geometry; application example – energy levels of ammonia; continuous group generation, orbital angular momentum, homogeneous Lorentz group, Lorentz covariance for Maxwell’s equations. Tensors: Cartesian tensors, tensor applications, pseudotensors, dyadic tensors; general space and coordinate system, covariant and contravariant tensors. Differential geometry. Reference Texts: 1. Mary L. Boas, Mathematical Methods in Physical Sciences, 3nd Ed. (Wiley, 2003) 2. G.B. Arfken, H.J. Weber, Mathematical Methods for Physicists, 6th Edition - Int’l (Elsevier Acad.

Press, 2005) 3. G.L.Lamb Jr, Introductory Applications of Partial Differents Equations: with emphasis on wave

propagation and diffusion (John Wiley, 1995) 4. G. Stephenson & P.M. Radmore, Advanced Mathematical Methods for Engineering and Science

Students (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1990) 5. H.F. Jones, Groups, Representations and Physics (IOP Publishing, 1990) 6. G. F. Lawler, Introduction to Stochastic Processes (Chapman & Hall, 1995)


SMES3306 Plasma Physics (3 Credits) Definition of plasma, the existence of plasma in the universe, plasma models, plasma transport – diffusion and resistance of plasma, waves and instabilities, shock waves, methods of plasma production and plasma diagnostics.

Reference Texts:

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1. Francis F. Chen, Introduction to Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, 2nd Ed. (Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1984)

2. T. J. M. Boyd & J.J. Sanderson, The Physics of Plasmas (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003) 3. R.O. Dendy, Plasma Physics: An Introductory Course (Cambridge Univ. Press, 1995) 4. R.C. Davidson, Physics of Nonneutral Plasmas (Imperial Coll. Press, 2001)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3307 Elementary Particle Physics (3 Credits) Relativistic quantum mechanics, Klein-Gordon equation, Dirac equation, antiparticle, photon, quantum electrodynamics, strong nucleus force, meson theory, isospin, weak decay, neutrino, strange particles, conservation laws, quark theory, colour degrees of freedom, flavours, quantum chromodynamics, electroweak unification, new particles and current developments.

Reference Texts: 1. D. Griffiths, Introduction to Elementary Particles (John Wiley, 1987) 2. F. Halzen & A.D. Martin, Quarks and Leptons: An Introductory Course in Modern Particle

Physics (John Wiley, 1984) 3. D.H. Perkins, Introduction to high energy physics (Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000) 4. Fayyazuddin, A Modern Introduction to Particle Physics (World Scientific, 2000)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3311 Classical Mechanics and General Relativity (3 Credits) Lagrange equation: Generalised coordinates, generalised forces, Lagrange equation, applications of Lagrange equation, generalised momentum, cyclic coordinates, canonical transformations. Hamiltonian principles: minimum action principle, constraints, relation between space and time symmetries with the laws of conservation, Hamiltonian, Hamiltonian equation, Louville theorem. Rigid body rotation: Euler equation of motion, kinetic energy, Euler angles, symmetric top motion. Small oscillations: conditions of stability near the equilibrium, free oscillation in one-dimension, forced oscillation, systems with more than one degree of freedom, normal modes and frequency. Hydrostatics and hydrodynamics. Equivalence principle and theory of general relativity: equivalence principle, gravitational field shift, general theory of relativity. Einstein gravitational equation, solutions to black hole and cosmology.

Reference Texts: 1. K.R. Symon, Mechanics (Addison Wesley, 1971) 2. G.R. Fowles, Analytical Mechanics (Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2005) 3. T.W.B. Kibble, Classical Mechanics, 5th Ed. (Imperial Coll. Press, 2004) 4. J. Foster & J.D. Nightingale, A Short Course in General Relativity (Springer, 1995)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3323 Plasma Technology (3 Credits) Introduction to the basic concepts of plasma; methods of plasma production; applications of plasma; processes of radiation emission from plasma; physics and technology of plasma focus

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device; physics and technology of Transient Hollow Cathode Device; plasma technology in material processing; plasma fusion

Reference Texts: 1. J.Reece Roth, Industrial Plasma Engineering, Vol. 1 (IOP Publishing, 1995) & Vol. 2 (IOP

Publishing, 2000) 2. C.S. Wong, Nota-nota syarahan: Essentials of plasma technology (2002) 3. Francis F. Chen, Introduction to Plasma Physics (Plenum Press, 1984) 4. Brian E. Chapman, Glow Discharge Processes (John Wiley, 1980) 5. R.H. Huddlestone & S.L. Leonard (eds.), Plasma Diagnostic Techniques (Academic Press,

1965)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3341 Complex and Nonlinear Systems (3 Credits) Complexities: complexities types and their relationships. Nonlinear dynamics: mapping, attractors, Poincaré cut, chaos, universality; application in physical systems. Fractal: fractal dimension, Lyapunov exponent. Synergetics in physical and chemical systems. Self-organised criticality. Percolation and growth. Automata networks: cellular automata, neuron network. Game theory. Applications in biology, social system and economy.

Reference Texts: 1. H. Haken, Synergetics (Springer-Verlag, 1983) 2. P. Bak, How Nature Works (Oxford, 1997) 3. R.J. Gaylord & P. R. Wellin, Computer Simulations with Mathematica: Explorations in

Complex Physical and Biological Systems (Springer-Verlag, 1995) 4. J. Froyland, Introduction to Chaos and Coherence (IOP, 1992) 5. G. Nicolis & I. Prigogine, Exploring Complexity: An Introduction (Freeman, 1989) 6. P. Cvitanovic, Universality in Chaos (2nd ed.) (Adam Hilger, 1989) 7. J.M.T. Thompson & H.B. Stewart, Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos (Wiley, 2002)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES3391 Industrial Training (3 Credits) This course provides opportunity for students to obtain learning and training in the real work experience.

Assessment Mode: 100% Continuous Assessment SMES3404 Laser Physics (3 Credits)

Classical Law of radiation, quantum theory of transition of two molecule atom, basic laser theory, 3- and 4-level systems, line-widths, broadening, optical resonators, oscillation modes, saturation and power extraction. TEM00 modes and its propagation, Q-switching, mode-locking, acousto-optic modulation. Design of solid-state, gas and dye lasers.

Reference Texts: 1. Anthony E. Siegman, Lasers (University Science Books, 1986) 2. J. Hawkes & I. Latimer, Lasers: Theory & Applications (Prentice Hall, 1995)

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3. J.T. Verdeyen, Laser Electronics, 3rd Ed. (Prentice Hall, 1995) 4. P.W. Milonni & J.H. Eberly, Lasers (Wiley, 1988)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES4181 Project (Physics) (8 Credits) Individual, supervised research project related to the B.Sc.(Physics) programme. (The project is carried out in Semester 1 and Semester 2 only.)

Assessment Mode: 100% Continuous Assessment (25% research progress + 50% report writing + 25% seminar/viva-voce) SMES4301 Advanced Solid State Physics (3 Credits) Revision on energy band theory and metals. Semiconductors: energy band structure, intrinsic and extrinsic, electrical properties (conductivity, mobility, electron scattering mechanism), optical properties, photoconductivity. Dielectric materials: dielectric constant, polarization of dipole, ion and electron, piezoelectric and ferroelectric. Magnetic materials: basic theory, magnetic susceptibility, types of magnetic properties/materials, magnetic resonance. Superconductors: zero resistivity, critical field, Meissner effect, BCS model, examples of superconducting materials, high temperature superconductors.

Reference Texts: 1. M.A. Omar, Elementary Solid State Physics, (Addison-Wesley, 1995) 2. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th Ed. (Wiley, 2005) 3. J.S. Blakemore Solid State Physics (Saunders, 2004) 4. H.M. Rosenberg, The Solid State: An Introduction to the Physics of Crystals for Students of

Physics, Materials Science, and Engineering (Oxford, 1988) 5. D.A. Davies, Waves, Atoms and Solids, (Longman, 1978)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES4321 Semiconductor Devices (3 Credits) Discussion on semiconductor: energy band theory, extrinsic semiconductor (n- and p-types), transport theory and charge carrier, optical transitions, p-n junction. Basic structure of devices and its mechanism: Schottky diode, metal/insulator/ semiconductor, tunnel diode and other transistors. Photon devices: photodiode, LED, laser, solar cell. Microwave devices. Microelectronics technology.

Reference Texts: 1. S.M. Sze, Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology (Wiley, 2002) 2. J. Roulston, Introduction to Semiconductor Devices (Oxford Univ. Press, 1998) 3. Kanaan Kano, Semiconductor Devices, (Prentice Hall, 1998) 4. M.J. Cooke, Semiconductor Devices (Prentice Hall, 1991)


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SMES4322 Optoelectronics (3 Credits) Step index fibers, numerical apertures, dispersion between modes and chromatic, EM wave propagation, bit rate and bandwidth, total internal reflection and modes. Single-mode fiber optics, Gaussian beams, mode filled diameter, cut-off wavelength, V number, dispersion, bandwidth, non-linear effects Laser diode, work functions, luminescence accuracy, sensitivity characteristics, transmitter modules types. Photodiodes, power relation, PIN and avalanche photodiodes, classical and semiconductor optical amplifier operation, amplification, bandwidth, crosstalk, C and L bands fiber amplifiers.

Reference Texts: 1. D.K. Mynbaev & L.L. Scheiner, Fiber Optic Communications Technology (Prentice Hall,

2001) 2. H.J.R. Dutton, Understanding Optical Communications (Prentice Hall, 1998) 3. G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications, 3rd Ed. (McGraw-Hill Book Co., 2000)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES4323 Material Science (3 Credits) Atom, molecule, bonding and binding forces. Crystal structure, non-crystalline, microstructure; imperfections. Solidification; kinetics and phase diagrams; diffusion. Metals and alloys; ceramics and glasses; polymers and blends; fibers; composites. Mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic and electronics properties. Static and dynamic tests; stretch, compression, shear, creep, stress-relaxation, fatigue, non-destructive testing. Corrosion, degradation. Materials selection and design. Advanced materials.

Reference Texts: 1. William D. Callister, Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 6th Ed. (Wiley,

2002) 2. Zbigniew D. Jastrzebski, The Nature and Properties of Engineering Materials, 3rd Ed. (Wiley,

1987) 3. William F. Smith, Principles of Materials Science and Engineering, 3rd Ed. (McGraw-Hill,

1996) 4. J.F. Shackelford, Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers, 5th Ed. (Prentice Hall,

2000)

Assessment Mode: 70% Final Examination + 30% Continuous Assessment SMES4325 Photonics (3 Credits) Introduction to planar lightwave circuit (PLC): basic understanding on PLC; fabrication of PLC device; operation principles of flame hydrolysis, high temperature furnace, dry etching process, sputtering, and wet etching; 1×8 splitter; arrayed waveguides (AWG); waveguide amplifiers; planar waveguides devices for optical communications. Fibre optic sensors: overview of fibre-optic sensors; fibre optic sensors based on Fabry-Perot interferometry; In Fibre Grating sensor (FBG); distributed fibre-optics sensors; interrogation technique. Advances in photonic devices: selected topics in recent advances.

Reference Texts: 1. V.D. Martin & L. Desmarais, Optoelectronics: The Introduction: A Self-Teaching Text,

Incuding Basic Concepts, Photometrics, Optics (Delmar Learning, 1997)

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2. S.O. Kasap, Optoelectronics and Photonics: Principles and Practices (Prentice Hall, 2001) 3. J. Wilson & J. Hawkes, Optoelectronics: An Introduction, 3rd Ed. (Prentice Hall, 1998) 4. A.R. Billings, Optics, optoelectronics, and photonics : engineering principles and

applications (Prentice Hall, 1993)


FACULTY COURSE SXEX1103 Computers for Education (2 Credits) Introduction to computers, history of computers, components of computer system, computer hardware, computer software, applied software. Application of some applied softwares. (practicals) Computer operation: simple programming using BASIC, a few practical examples. Word processing and DTP; data management using database software; numerical data operation using electronic spreadsheet; presentation; graphics and multimedia software, data communication, networking, internet; website construction.

Reference Texts: 1. R. Szymanski et al, Introduction to Computer Software (Prentice Hall, 1996) 2. H.L. Capron, Computers, Tools for an Information Age (Addison-Wesley, 1997) 3. M. Meyer et al., Computers Today and Tomorrow (QUE, 1998)


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