synopsis on e waste
TRANSCRIPT
SEMINAR ON
E-WASTE MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED TO: - SUBMITTED BY: -
Ms. Charu. Ms.Monu Malik.
Roll No: -1202320.
SETH JAI PARKASH MUKAND LAL INSTITUTE OF ENGG. AND TECHNOLOGY.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I convey my special thanks to Ms.Charu for giving me support from
time to time and providing me various facilities during my Seminar.
I express my immense gratitude to Mr.Rakesh Garg, Head of
Department and other senior members of the Department for their
endless contribution and cooperation during the course of formulation
of my Seminar.
Finally, I gratefully acknowledge the support, encouragement and
patience of the other teachers of my Department.
INDEX
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Chapter - 1
Introduction To E - Waste.
Chapter – 2
Root of the Problem.
Chapter – 3
Indian Scenario.
Chapter – 4
Management of E – Waste.
Chapter – 5
Role of Government.
Chapter – 6
Responsibility of Industries.
Chapter – 7
Role of Citizens.
Chapter – 8
Future Aspects.
Chapter – 9
Bibliography
Chapter – 10
Slides.
Chapter 1
3
INTRODUCTION TO E- WASTE
E-waste means ---- The electronic waste or the electronic products
nearing the end of their useful life. For e.g: - Discarded Computers,
VCR’s, Stereos, Walkman, Copiers, Fax- Machines, electric Lamps,
Cell Phones etc.
Each year millions of computers and computer related components
are purchased to replace the equipments that have been superseded
by faster and more powerful technology. . Unfortunately, however,
most old computing equipments end up at the tips. This is despite the
mounting evidences that some components like: Cathode Ray Tube
(CRT) monitors--- contains high-level toxic materials that need to be
disposed off more responsibly.
Chapter 2
4
ROOT OF THE PROBLEM
E- Wastes are considered dangerous as certain components of some
products contains materials that are hazardous, depending on their
condition and density. The hazardous contents of these materials
pose a threat to human life and to environment.
The obsolete technology contains hazardous materials like: - Lead,
Mercury, Cadmium, and Arsenic, which pose great threat to Human
kind. Even small quantities of lead can cause brain damage in babies
and other diseases related to the nervous system, Kidney and Blood
system.
Chapter 3
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INDIAN SCENARIO
A recent investigation revealed that much of the electronics turned
over for recycling in the U.S.A. ends up in Asia where they are either
disposed off or recycled with little or no regard for the environment or
workers health and safety. The major reasons of such exports are:-
Cheap Labour, Lack of Environmental and Occupational Standards in
this way the toxic effluents of the Developed Nations would flood
towards the worlds’ poorest Nations.
Now, the discarded electronics items are being recycled with
recyclers digging into the chip for GOLD and PLATINUM. Lots of
hazardous chemicals are being used which are heavy metals also
chemicals like Cyanide for extraction of GOLD. This is the reason
why it is to be lucrative.
In each Computer, according to an estimate, there is 5gms of GOLD
which can be recovered and in Bangalore alone; from 20 recovery
units, 2.5 crores worth Gold is being recovered annually. Actually, the
quantity of gold available in a Computer is much more than that of the
quantity available in regular mines.
Chapter 4
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MANAGEMENT OF E-WASTE
Having discussed the meaning, problem and need for E-waste
management we can now shift our focus upon the ways and
strategies that can be adopted for managing this “DORMANT
VOLCANO” named E-Waste.
It is estimated that 75% of electronic items are stored due to
uncertainty of how to manage it. These electronic junks lie
unattended in storehouses, offices etc. Later on, they get easily
mixed with household wastes, which are finally disposed off as
landfills. Hence, become this waste properly and scientifically.
The focal point should be the industries generating e-wastes. The
generation point by pointing by adopting waste minimization
techniques as follows: -
Inventory Management.
Productive –Process Modification.
Source Segregation.
Waste Concentration.
Volume Reduction.
Recovery and Reuse.
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Inventory Management: -
Proper control over the materials used in manufacturing process is an
important way to reduce waste generation. By reducing both the
quantity of hazardous materials used in the process and the amount
of excess raw materials in the stock the quantity of waste generated
can be reduced in two ways: -
All materials be approved prior to purchase and evaluated.
Ensure that only the needed quantity is ordered.
Production Process Modification: -
In this step, reduction in waste generation can be accomplished by
changing the materials used to make the products or by the more
efficient use of input materials in the production process or both.
Improvement in the operation and maintenance of process equipment
can result in significant waste reduction, which can be accomplished
by reviewing current operational procedures or lack of procedures.
Volume Reduction: -
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To include these techniques that removes the hazardous portion of a
waste from a non- hazardous portion. These techniques are usually
to reduce the volume and thus cast of disposing of a waste material.
The technique that can be used to reduce waste stream volume can
de divided into two general categories: -
Source Segregation: - It is a simple and economical
technique. Wastes containing different types of metals can be
treated separately so that the metal value in sludge can be
recovered.
Waste Concentration: - It may increase he livelihood that the
material can be recycled, using techniques like - GRAVITY
VACCUM, FILTERATION AND REVERSE OSMOSIS.
Recovery and Reuse: -
This technique could eliminate wastes disposals costs, reduce raw
materials costs, and provide income from saleable wastes. Wastes
can be recovered on site or at off site recovery facility, or through
inter- industrial exchange.
Chapter 5
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ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
Govt.should set up regulatory agencies in each district, which
are vested with the responsibility of coordinating and
consolidating the regulatory functions of various authorities
regarding hazardous substances.
Existing laws regarding disposal of e-wastes should be
revamped.
Govt. is responsible for providing adequate system of laws,
controls and administration procedure for hazardous waste
management.
Research and Development activities must be encouraged,
standard of hazardous waste management; environment
monitoring should also be taken care of.
Proper support should be given to the NGO’s and other
organization to involve actively in solving the Nations’ e-waste
problems.
Chapter 6
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RESPONSIBILITY OF INDUSTRIES
Generators of e-wastes should take responsibility to determine
the output characteristics of wastes, if hazardous, should
provide management option.
All personnel’s involved in handling e-waste in industries
including those at the policy, management, control and
operational level should be properly qualified and trained.
Companies can adopt some of the following policies while
handling e-wastes:
Use label materials to assist in recycling particularly plastics.
Standardize components for easy disassembly.
Re-evaluate”” Cheap products” use makes products-cycle
cheap so that it has no inherent value that would encourage
a recycling infrastructure.
Create computer components and peripherals of
biodegradable materials.
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Utilize technology sharing particularly for manufacturing and
remanufacturing.
Encourage/promote/require green procurement for corporate
buyers.
Loot at green packaging option.
They should spread awareness among consumers regarding
potential threat to public health and the environment posed
by their products.
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Chapter 7
CITIZEN’S ROLE
Most important idea is of preventing wastes rather than
managing wastes.
What can be done here to prevent wastes is ---- the electronics can
be donated for reuse and for extending the lives of valuable products.
But these products should should be in working condition before hey
are donated. Reuse also benefits society. Donation of such articles to
low-income families, school etc, who can ill afford to buy them; will
surely be a philanthropic act.
E- wastes should never be disposed with garbage and other
household wastes. This should be segregated at the site and sold or
donated to various organizations.
NGO’s should adopt a participatory approach.
While buying e-products, care should be taken if they are made
with fewer toxic constituents, are energy efficient, utilization of
minimal packaging is there after leasing or take back option and
if they are certified.
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E-WASTES: CONTITUENTS AND
CONSEQUENCES
Sources of E-
Wastes
Constituents Health Effects
Solder in printed
circuits boards, glass
panels and gaskets in
Computer Monitor.
Lead (Pb) Damage to Central,
peripherals nervous
system, and blood-
system and Kidney
damage.
Chip resistors and
Semi Conductors
Cadmium (Cd) Toxic irreversible
effects on human
health. Accumulates
in Kidney and Liver.
Causes neural
damage Teratogenis.
Relays and Switches
printed circuit boards.
Mercury (Hg) Chronic damage to
the brain.
Respiratory, skin
disorders due to
bioaccumulations
fish.
Corrosion protection
of untreated and
Hexavalent
Chromium (Cr)
Asthmatic Bronchitis
DNA damages.
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galvanized steel
plates, decorators or
hardener of steel
housing
Cabling and
Computer Housing
Plastics including
PVC
Reproductive and
Development mental
problems.
Immune systems
damage
Interfere with
regulatory Hormones
Chapter 8
15
FUTURE ASPECTS
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In the final analysis, E-Wastes has reached critical proportions in the
west, leading to stronger laws. This is still to be done in our country
where there is no strong agency to combat e-wastes’ tides. With the
estimated number of PC’s in India, touching up to 80 million by the
year 2008, its high time we plan by for the management and
prevention of this tide of e- garbage, well in advance. Not only will it
save some anticipated disaster but will also show us a way to tackle
this menace.
Chapter 9
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Chronicle.
India Today.
Frontline.
Readers’ Digest.
Chapter 10
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