synopsis presentation on the title of database

8/6/2019 Synopsis Presentation on the Title of DATABASE

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Presented by: Aakash

Bca 2nd semester

Lord Buddha education foundation

Maitidevi, Kathmandu Nepal


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First up all I would like to thanks lord buddha education foundation

for providing such an interactive activities from which student mayable to improve their presentation skill. Lord buddha education

foundation has a well-established tradition of excellence across

abroad range of academic discipline. Lbef is an associate study

center of mcrpvs university ,bhopal to offer bachelor and pg

program in compute science. College for professionalstudy(estd.2000) is an associate of lbef and an university learning

center of sikkim manipal university of health, medical and

technological sciences.


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TOPIC OF CONTAIN

The term database is very wide to for describing.Many books were published to describe database in widely so in thispresentation I am trying to present only my knowledge in database sothis is only for external not for wide and it cover some summary ofdatabase which I know . So evaluate it externally not so deeply.


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A database is a repository for collection of related data or fact. A database contains acollection of related items or fact arranged in a specific structure. The most obvious

example of a non computerized database is a telephone directory. Telephone companiesnow are use an electronic database program to produce their printed phone book.

Database system are designed to manage large bodies of information. The managementof data involves both the definition of structure for the storage of information and

provision of mechanism for the manipulation of information . In addition, database system

must provide for the safety of information stored despite the system crashes or attemptsat unauthorized access. In fact, a database is a compute file system that uses a

particular file organization to facilitate rapid updating of individuals records, simultaneousupdating of related records, easy access to all record , by all application program, andrapid access to all stored data which must be brought together for a particular routine

report or inquiry or a special purpose report or inquiry.


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A database represent some aspects of the real world.

Some example of the database are database of students

,database of employee etc. all are related to the realworld.

A database is a collection of related data, which has some

meanings

A database is designed, built and populated with data for a

specific purpose. Every database has some application inthe real world . Thus, it has an intended groups of users.


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i. Provide for mass storage device of relevant data

ii. Making access to the data easy for the useriii. Providing prompts response to user requests for dataiv. Making the latest modification to the database available

immediatelyv. Eliminate redundant(duplicate) data

vi. Allow multiple user to be active at one timevii. Allow the growth of database systemviii. Protect the data from physical harm and unauthorized

access


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1. Fields

Field contain three important terms in database. Fieldcontain one piece of information of entry eg: in an address

book each entry has fields for first name, last name,

address , phone number, email, birthdates etc. So each and every unique type of information

is stored in its own fields

2. Records

o One full set of fields i.e. all the related information aboutone person or object is called the record. For example, foran address book all the information for first person is one

record and the information for the second person is calledanother record and so on.

3.Table

A complete collection of record is called table. A tablecontains row and column. Each column of a table represent

fields and each row represents records.


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Example of key terms

Sn. Name Age Class Grade

1 Ram 17 xi A

2 Sita 25 Xii C

3 Hari 18 Xi B

4 gopal 21 Xii B

5 gita 19 Xi A


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Data model is a collection of integrated concept of describing data, relationship among data and constraint.Following are the different data base model.

1. Hierarchical data model

Under it data manipulation (insert, update, select, delete) is difficult.

This is popular in 1970s . It follow the concept of the parent and child. One parent can have more child but onechild have only one parent. It can hold 1:many relationship, ims is based on hierarchical data model.eg:c:,c:\ram, c:\ram\shyam

2. Network data model

It is popular in 1971

It follows the many: many relationship

Many supplier can supply many item to many project

Codasyl data is based on network data model

In this concept one parent have multiple child, although one child have also multiple parent

3.Relational data model It is discover in 1970s

It is popular data model

It is best data model

It is based on codds rule


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Entity is a things, entity is a object which has

certain process i.e.

Entity field of table

Entity set group of similar type of entity

Strong entity if the entity has primary that is

strong entity

Weak entity entity without primary key is

weak entity.


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Entity type

Weak entity

Key attribute(strong entity)

Multivalue attribute

Relationship :


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1) primary key

Primary key accept only unique value i.e. non repeatable. It doesnt accept null values. With the helpof it relation can be created. syntax: create table master(roll int primary key, name char(25),address(15), course char(10));

2) Unique key

It is quite different then primary key other wise same i.e. it support null value but only one time, itcannot create relationship. Syntax: create table master(roll int primary key, name varchar(25),address varchar(15), mobile number(unique));

3) Composite key(super key)

Making primary key with the combination of two or more then two field is called composite key. Syntax: create table stdrec(roll int , name varchar(30), address varchar(10), section char(5), primarykey(roll, section));

i.e. t1[super key] t2[super key]

4) Candidate keyIt is a fundamental concept of key attribute and possibility of being primary key is candidate key for

primary key.

5) Alternate key

Field without any specific key is alternate key or after making primary or any key from candidate keythe remaining fields is by default become an alternate key

5) Foreign key

It may be more in table but should have primary key in parent table. The data type should also be

same from where the reference is been taking.


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DDL(data definition language)

Processing of data i.e. create, alter, drop. It is fully structureoriented

DML(data manipulating language)

Process of manipulating data i.e. select, insert , update, delete.

TCL(transaction control language)

Process of controlling data systematically. i.e. beginTran(transaction), roll back, commit.

DCL(data control language)

Process of controlling data(security purpose) i.e. grant ,revoke.


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i. Data sharing

Data stored in database can be shared.

ii. Reduce data redundancy

In traditional file processing, the same data may be duplicate at many places, is

also called data redundancy. A database reduces the duplication of datafrom a database.

iii. Providing multiple user interface

Database provides variety of interface for various user. It provides querylanguage interface, forms and command interface so that users interacteasily with the database.

iv. Security can be improvedIn an organization, there should be many confidential data, such data should not

be available to all user. In a database, certain restriction can be applied forsecurity by giving different authority to different users.

synopsis presentation on the title of database

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