T JOHN COLLEGE OF NURSING

GOTTIGERE

BANNERGHATTA ROAD

BANGALORE – 83

SYNOPSIS

REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,

KARNATAKA

PREPARED BY,

SUNIL JOY KURICHIYIL

1ST YEAR MSc NURSING

T JOHN COLLEGE OF NURSING

GUIDED BY,

MRS. MONIKA PAUL

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

T.JOHN COLLEGE OF NURSING

RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND SCIENCES

BANGALORE – KARNATAKA

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1NAME OF THE CANDIDATE &

ADDRESS

MR. SUNIL JOY KURICHIYIL

1st Year M.Sc. (NURSING)

T.JOHN COLLEGE OF NURSING

BANNERGHATTA ROAD

GOTTIGERE

BANGALORE-83

2 NAME OF THE INSTITUTION

T.JOHN COLLEGE OF NURSING

BANNERGHATTA ROAD

GOTTIGERE

BANGALORE-83

3COURSE OF STUDY AND

SUBJECT

M.Sc. NURSING

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

4DATE OF ADMISSION TO

COURSE13-06-2012

5 TITLE OF THE TOPIC

“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE

EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED

TEACHING PROGRAMME ON

KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING

SAFE HOUSEHOLD STORAGE AND

PURIFICATION OF WATER AMONG

WOMEN IN SELECTED RURAL AREA,

BANGALORE

6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORKINTRODUCTION

1

“High quality water is more than the dream of the conservationists, more than a political

slogan; high quality water, in the right quantity at the right place at the right time, is

essential to health, recreation, and economic growth.”

EDMUND S. MUSKIE

Water is essential for all dimensions of life. It is available abundantly on the

surface of earth. There is about 1.4 billion cubic kilometer of water on the earth which

comes about 71percent of the earth’s surface. About 97 percent of the water on the earth is

in the oceans. The ocean water is salty and is not suitable for human consumption. The

remaining 3 percent of the total water is available in the form of ice sheets, cloud, river,

lakes, ponds, well and springs. Only 1-1.6 percent of the 3 percent of water is useful for

human consumption1. Over the past few decades, use of water has increased, and in many

places water availability is falling to crisis levels. They are often discovered only when

wells go dry. More than eighty countries, with forty percent of the world’s population, are

already facing water shortages, while by year 2020 the world’s population will double. The

costs of water infrastructure have risen dramatically; there are some places where a barrel

of water costs more than a barrel of oil. Over one billion people lack safe water, and three

billion lack sanitation; eighty per cent of infectious diseases are waterborne, killing

millions of children each year.2

Asian countries including India are facing a worsening water crisis that threatens to

certain food production while taking an increasingly heavy toll on the region’s economies.

Among the region’s largest countries, the Asian Development Bank estimated India would

have a water deficit of 50 per cent by 2030 while China would have a shortage of 25

percent.3

According to Karnataka’s Rural Development and Panchayat Raj as many as 236

villages in 13 districts of Karnataka have been facing severe drinking water problem. 4

Bangalore faces a shortage of 410 mld (milli litres daily). The demand is 1,219 mld and the

city is getting a supply of only 870 mld of water. In core areass, citizens get water on

alternate days, while in the periphery it's once or twice a week.5

The news of ‘no water supply in the city’ is a boon for these private water suppliers. The

residents who can afford to pay premium turn out to be their preferred customers. BWSSB

officials estimate that there are over 500 water tankers in the city which are owned by

around 200 private water tanker owners. Each water tanker owner owns about two-three

2

tankers which spread out to the nook and corner of the city’s outer areass to exploit the

residents.6

As the shortage of water increased, the people store water for a longer period till

they get fresh supply of water. As a result the water gets contaminated due to unhygienic

prolonged storage. The contaminated water can cause Acute Diarrhoeal Diseases (ADD),

Viral Hepatitis, Cholera and Typhoid, (Enteric, Fever). The cause of these diseases is

pathogens in water. Hospitals in the Bangalore city are reporting a steady inflow of

diseases such as gastroenteritis and typhoid. Doctors at government hospitals report that

though there is no significant rise in the numbers, they are getting patients suffering from

water-borne diseases on a regular basis. There has also been a rise in the number of

diarrhoea cases at Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital.7

Safe household water storage is a critical component of a Household Water

Treatment and Safe Storage (HWTS) system being promoted by the World Health

Organization (WHO) worldwide in areass that do not have piped drinking water. All types

of 'safe household water storage must be used with water from known clean sources or

with water having received prior efficacious treatment. HWTS interventions can lead to

dramatic improvements in drinking water quality and reductions in water borne disease.8

6.1. NEED FOR THE STUDY

Pure water is the world's first and foremost medicine.

- Slovakian Proverb

2.4 billion People in the world do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is

about two-fifths of the world’s population. The average person in the developing world

uses 10 litres of water a day. 2.2 million People in developing countries, most of them

children, die every year from diseases associated with lack of access to safe drinking water,

inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene.8

In Bangalore rural area water is only provided for a few hours a day. Middle-class

flats ensure 24-hour water availability by hoarding water in overhead tanks. In contrast,

local villagers wait in long lines at community taps and municipal tanker water supplies.

Water timings are unpredictable, if it comes at all, especially in slums without legal access

to the municipal supply. Slum residents are therefore forced to store water for prolonged

periods, often for days on end.

Waterborne diseases (the consequence of a combination of lack of clean water

supply and inadequate sanitation) cost the Indian economy 73 million working days a year .

3

As per health reports several hundred deaths have been reported in the last three years in

the country, due to diseases caused by consumption of unsafe and contaminated water and

Karnataka is no exception to this. A total of 257 deaths have been reported due to these

diseases in the State during 2009, 2010 and 2011.Three people died due to cholera out of

the 610 cases detected during the three years. Andhra Pradesh saw four deaths out of 715

cases, while two died in Tamil Nadu out of 1,308 cases. Kerala saw three deaths, out of the

81 cases detected. Similarly, Acute Diarrhoeal Disease took 192 lives in Karnataka with

19,62,271 cases detected, while Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Kerala saw 424, 97 and

six people die, respectively, due to the disease. Viral Hepatitis was responsible for 43

deaths in Karnataka. Enteric fever led to the death of 19 in the State.9

There is growing international public health consensus about the need to make

household water storage safer. In the early 2000s, after a resurgence of cholera in South

America, U.S. scientists developed a “safe water system.” The key concept is absurdly

simple: switch people from using wide-mouthed containers to using safer narrow-mouthed

containers that don't allow them to stick their hands in the water. The other component is

regular chlorination of stored water. Some studies prove that combining use of narrow-

mouthed containers with chlorination reduces water borne disease by nearly 50 per cent.

Recent study shows that hygiene interventions including hygiene education and

promotion of hand washing can lead to a reduction of diarrhoeal cases by up to 45% and

also Improvements in drinking water quality through household water treatment, such as

chlorination at point of use, can lead to a reduction of diarrhoea episodes by between 35%

and 39%.

An inexpensive strategy is available to improve household drinking water until

piped potable water is routinely available. The strategy has two components: water

disinfection at the time water is collected (point-of-use disinfection) and water storage in

vessels specifically designed to prevent recontamination (safe storage). However,

successful implementation of this strategy will require focused educational campaigns

stressing the role of contaminated water and domestic hygiene in prevention of water-

borne disease.10

Since the women are the main subjects who runs the household errands such as

storage and purification of water, the researcher felt that there is need for assessing the

knowledge and practice on safe household storage and purification of water among women

in rural community as the water borne disease were on rise due to unhygienic way of

4

household storage of water, so as to helps to reinforce their knowledge and practice

through structured teaching programme on safe household storage and purification of

water.

6.2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The literature can be reviewed under the following headings

6.2.1 Literature related to scarcity of water

6.2.2 Literature related to household storage of water

6.2.3 Literature related to purification of water

6.2.4 Literature related to water borne diseases

6.2.5 Literature related to structured teaching programme

6.2.1 Literature related to scarcity of water

The current study provides the first global assessment of blue water scarcity

at the scale of river basins and at a monthly resolution while accounting for environmental

flow requirements. The levels of water scarcity estimated in this study correspond strongly

with documented ecological declines and socio-economic disruption in some of the world's

most heavily used river basins. The Indus River Basin, with 212 million people, faces

severe water scarcity during eight months of the year. In the north-western Indian

provinces of Punjab, Rajasthan and Haryana, each one of which lies fully or partly in the

Indus River Basin, groundwater is steadily being depleted. Unsustainable groundwater

depletion and severe water scarcity threaten potable water supplies and agricultural output,

affecting the country's food supplies and the government's welfare programmes.11

A study on water scarcity highlights the acute water scarcity that the city of

Bangalore has been facing over the years and examines the availability of resources in

terms of climatic conditions, the available rainfall, the gradual depletion of water resources

such as streams and rivers due to uncontrollable rise in the number of concrete structures in

the city , which prevent infiltration of rainwater into city aquifers and promotes ‘heavy

over-land flow' and the increasing dependence of the people on groundwater resources due

to a drastic increase in population and the gradual decrease of availability of other water

resources such as rivers and streams. 12

6.2.2 Literature related to household storage of water

5

A study was conducted in Dhaka to improve the practice on storing water

and handling water from storage containers at home. They selected 100 houses for the

study, One half houses were given health education on how to use sodium

dichloroisocyanurate tablet (Na DCC) in household storage of water and another half not

given. After 4 month, the post test was done in both groups and the storage water was

tested. Results indicated the water quality from first group was free from E. coli bacteria

where as E.coli bacteria were present in second group’s water as they have no idea on how

to use the NaDCC tab. So the researcher revealed that through health education the

practices for storing and handling water quality can be improved .13

The study was done on chlorination and safe storage of household drinking

water in developing countries to reduce waterborne diseases. The use of chlorination and

storage in special plastic containers of gathered household water for improving microbial

quality and reducing diarrhoeal illness. Community families were recruited and randomly

divided into intervention and control households. Microbes in stored household water were

extensively inactivated by 1-5mg/L doses of hypochlorite. Escherichia coli level in stored

households water were<1/100ml in most intervention households but readily detectable at

high levels in control households. The intervention reduced household diarrhoeal illness.14

6.2.3 Literature related to purification of water

A cross-sectional study was done in Ramallah among the mothers to

increase awareness at the household level about certain hygienic practices and to develop

water quality. The quasi-experimental design was selected in two villages. The chemical

and biological water quality was analysed as well as residential behavioural aspects related

to hygiene practices before and after intervention. A questionnaire was used to evaluate the

housewives knowledge and practices regarding hygienic practices and water use, followed

by face-to-face health education and awareness sessions to the selected housewives. After

3months, another assessment was conducted using the same questionnaire to measure

improvement in their knowledge and practices. The water quality was tested to ensure the

water quality. The finding shows there is significant difference in hygienic practices to

develop water quality in household level. So the study concluded that by improving

knowledge and practices, the water hygiene practices can be improved.15

The study was conducted to treat microbiological performance of common

water treatment to reduce waterborne diseases. 3 common types of water treatment devices

designed for household used: a ceramic candle gravity filter, an iodine resine gravity filter 6

and an iodine resine faucent mounted filter. The ceramic candle filter and the iodine resine

faucent filter reduced bacteria by more than 4 logs. The reduction of the M S2 phage and 3

micron micropheres in these devices was lower than log 3.4 and log 2.6 respectively. There

were also high levels of residual iodide in treated water from the iodine based devices. The

household water treatment could play an important role and necessary that consumers can

ensure that the devices they purchase and used in the home are effective and safe.16

Study of water supply & sanitation practices in India using geographic

information systems(GIS): Some design & other considerations in a village setting like

places of residence, water storage and distribution, sewage and places where people in the

village defaecated were mapped and drinking water sources were tested for microbial

contamination in Nelvoy village, Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. The finding was that Water

in the village was found to be microbiologically unfit for consumption. Analysis using

direct observations supplemented by GIS maps revealed poor planning, poor engineering

design and lack of policing of the water distribution system and unhygienic storage and

poor household purification of water causing possible contamination of drinking water

from sewage at multiple sites. Conclusions was that appropriate designs for storage and

supply of water to suit individual village needs should be made available, point-of-use

water disinfection methods could serve as an interim solution for preventing microbial

contamination of water.17

6.2.4 Literature related to water borne diseases

A study was conducted on Water contamination in urban south India:

household storage practices and their implications for water safety and enteric infections.

This study assessed contamination of the municipal water in a south Indian town, which

obtains its water intermittently from a surface lake and by pumping subsurface water from

a dry river bed, and monitored microbial contamination during household storage. All

samples of the ‘treated' municipal water were contaminated when freshly pumped, and on

household storage, 25/37 (67%) showed increased contamination during storage periods

from 1 to 9 days. Household storage in brass, but not in containers of other materials

significantly decreased contamination of water (p=0.04). Despite the requirements for

provision of safe drinking water in municipal areass, in practice the water supplied is

contaminated and current household storage practices increase the level of contamination

in at least two-thirds of households. 18

7

A longitudinal study was taken up to determine the morbidity due to water

borne diseases and bacteriological quality of water in Bangalore. 150 homes in two

areass, one supplied by bore well and other by tap water was selected by modified cluster

sampling. Weekly morbidity details collected. Monthly water samples were assessed for

bacteriological quality from main supply, household storage and morbidity reported. The

difference in proportion of potable and non potable water storage was statistically

significant.  The incidence in areass with bore well supply was 3.8% and in areas with tap

water was 3.43%. Conclusion was that there are various ways in which drinking water can

be contaminated along the route of distribution to the consumers. The most effective

method to prevent infections is surveillance and treatment of drinking water quality at

point of consumption.19

Partners for Urban Knowledge, Action, and Research (PUKAR), a Mumbai-

based research collective, and the Harvard School of Public Health recently completed a

major water quality study in an unregistered slum. Most residents are only able to obtain

water every three days, and 95 per cent do not get enough water to meet the World Health

Organisation's recommended minimum usage of 50 litres per person per day. 229 water

samples were tested at an internationally accredited lab for coliforms and E. coli (faecal

bacteria), including ones from community water taps and hoses that were used to distribute

water to people's homes. Stored household water was also tested by intensively following

21 households and multiple samples were collected from each household in different

seasons. They found water contaminated with coliforms during the monsoon. Despite the

fact that tap water was usually clean, very high rates of contamination was found in stored

drinking water, with 52 per cent of summer samples and 76 per cent of monsoon samples

contaminated with faecal bacteria were found.7

6.2.5 Literature related to structured teaching programme

A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching

programme on knowledge, attitude and practices regarding tobacco consumption in rural

health setting. A quasi experimental study was carried out. A significant increase in the

level of knowledge and attitude and a significant decrease in the practice were shown in the

subjects. The government and legislators have a major role in reducing tobacco usage.

Nurses also can play a pivotal role in organizing and executing awareness programmes for

all vulnerable sections of the society.20

8

A study was conducted on effectiveness of planned teaching programme on

knowledge regarding water hygienic practice among housewives in rural settings;

Nepal .There objective was to improve hygienic practices among the rural housewives.

The study was conducted in two villages where the chemical and biological water quality

was analyzed by some hygienic practices. In one village they gave health education about

water hygiene practice and another village kept as control group. After three months the

water quality of the houses was tested to ensure the quality aspects of the hygiene

practices. There was significant increase in knowledge regarding water hygienic practice

among housewives in villages where health education was given than the control group.

The chosen methodology was able to promote a real change in improving to water hygiene

practices. So the researcher revealed that for hygiene practice the housewives need

adequate knowledge.21

A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching

programme on knowledge and attitude of adolescent in prevention of iron and folic acid

deficiency anemia at corporation school. They adopted modified pender's health promotion

model and samples were selected using random sampling method. The findings reveal

significant difference in knowledge and attitude of subjects in prevention of iron and folic

acid deficiency anemia. The study concludes that educating adolescent in prevention of

iron and folic acid deficiency anemia may prevent morbidity and mortality rates and

promote healthy practices.22

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

9

“A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge and

practice regarding safe household storage and purification of water among women in

selected rural area, Bangalore”

6.3. OBJECTIVES:

1. To assess the pre-test level of knowledge and practice regarding safe household storage

and purification of water among women.

2. To determine the effectiveness of Structured Teaching Programme on safe household

storage and purification of water among women.

3. To findout the relationship between the knowledge and practice regarding safe

household storage and purification of water.

4. To findout the association between pre-test knowledge and practice score with selected

socio demographic variables.

6.4. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

Assess: It refers to evaluate the Knowledge and practice of women regarding safe

household storage and purification of water.

Effectiveness: It refers to the gain in knowledge as determined by significant differences

in pre-test and post test knowledge and practice scores.

Structured Teaching Programme: It refers to systematically developed teaching module

designed for educating Women about safe household storage and purification of water.

Knowledge: It refers to level of understanding and awareness of women regarding safe

household storage and purification of water.

Practices: It refers to methods adopted for safe household storage and purification of

water.

Women: It refers to females between the age group of 20-45years.

Safe household storage of water: it refers to the safe methods of preservation of water in

house settings for domestic use.

Purification: it refers to the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological

contaminants, suspended solids and gases from contaminated water. The goal is to produce

water fit for a specific purpose.

6.5. ASSUMPTIONS

10

1. Women may have some knowledge regarding safe household storage and purification

of water.

2. Women may follow some practice regarding safe household storage and purification of

water.

3. Structured teaching programme may increase the level of knowledge and practice in

safe household storage and purification of water.

6.6. DELIMITATIONS

The study is limited to women residing in selected rural area.

The study is limited to women between the age group of 20-45 years.

6.7. HYPOTHESIS

H1: There will be significant difference in the mean of pre test and post test knowledge and

practice scores of women regarding safe household storage and purification of water.

H2: There will be significant association between the knowledge and practice scores with

selected demographic Variables on safe household storage and purification of water among

the women.

H3: There will be significant relationship between the knowledge and practice of safe

household storage and purification of water among the women.

6.8. RESEARCH VARIABLES:

Independent Variables:

In this study the independent variable will be structured teaching programme on safe

household storage and purification of water.

Dependent Variables:

In this study the dependent variable will be gain in knowledge and practice on safe

household storage and purification of water.

7. MATERIAL AND METHODS

7.1 SOURCE OF DATA

The data will be collected from women residing in selected rural area, Bangalore.

7.1.1 RESEARCH DESIGN:

11

The research design used in this study will be pre- experimental study with one group pre

test and post test design.

Key:-

O1 – Pre test: a pre test knowledge and practice regarding safe household storage and

purification of water.

X – Structured teaching programme on safe household storage and purification of water.

O2 – Post test: a post test knowledge and practice regarding safe household storage and

purification of water.

7.1.2. RESEARCH APPROACH:

Evaluative approach

7.1.3. SETTING:

The study will be conducted in selected rural area, Bangalore.

7.1.4. POPULATION:

Population for the study comprises of women between the age group of 20-45 years.

7.2 METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION

7.2.1 SAMPLING PROCEDURE:

Purposive sampling technique.

7.2.2 SAMPLE SIZE:

Sample for the study consist of 60 women living in selected rural area, Bangalore.

7.2.3 INCLUSIVE CRITERIA:

Women between the age group of 20-45 years

Women who are living in selected rural area

Women who are willing to participate in the study.

7.2.4 EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA:12

Group Pre test Intervention Post test

Single

group

01 X 02

Women who are not present during course of study.

Women who are non cooperative to provide information.

7.2.5 INSTRUMENT INTENDED TO BE USED:

Part I: A structured questionnaire on Sociodemographic variables.

Part II: A Structured knowledge questionnaire.

Part III: Observation checklist to assess practice.

7.2.6 DATA COLLECTION PLAN:

● Investigator introduces himself to subject and notifies his aims, objectives, and steps of

study and takes written consent.

● Selection of subjects for study.

● Assess the pre-test level of knowledge regarding safe household storage and purification

of water by using structured knowledge questionnaire.

● Assess the pretest level of practice regarding safe household storage and purification of

water by using observational checklist.

● Administer structured teaching program on safe household storage and purification of

water.

● Assess the post test level of knowledge regarding safe household storage and purification

of water by using structured knowledge questionnaire.

● Assess the post test level of practice regarding safe household storage and purification of

water by using observational checklist.

7.2.7 DATA ANALYSIS PLAN:

Collected data will be analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics.

1. Descriptive analysis:

● Frequency and percentage analysis will be used to describe demographic characteristics

of women.

●Mean and standard deviation will be used to assess the knowledge of women.

2. Inferential analysis:

● Paired t-test will be used to test to compare the pretest and posttest knowledge.

● karl pearson`s correlation coefficient will be used to find out the relationship between

knowledge and practice.

13

●Chi-square analysis will be used to find out the association between the pre-test

knowledge scores and demographic variables.

7.3 DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INTERVENTION OR INVESTIGATION

TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR OTHER HUMANS OR ANIMALS? IF

SO PLEASE DESCRIBE BRIEFLY.

Yes, structured teaching program on safe household storage and purification of water

will be administered to women in selected rural area.

7.4 HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM INSTITUTION IN

CASE OF 7, 3?

Yes, consent will be obtained from concerned subjects and authority of primary health

centre covering the rural area.

Scientific objectivity of the study will be maintained with honesty and impartiality.

14

8. List of reference:

1. Gulani k k. Principles and Practice Community Health Nursing. 1st ed. Delhi: kumar

publishing house; 2007.

2. http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/Update15.htm

3. http://www.governancenow.com/views/think-tanks/india-would-have-water-deficit-50-

cent-2030-adb

4. http://www.daijiworld.com/news/news_disp.asp?n_id=77011

5. http://waterbangalore.blogspot.com

6. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/topic/Bangalore-Water-Scarcity

7. http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-opinion/article2947976.ece

8. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/facts2004/en/

9. http://www.indianwaterreview/waterscarcity

10. http://www.cdc.gov/safewater

11. Arjen Y. Global Monthly Water Scarcity: Blue Water Footprints versus Blue Water

Availability. Hoekstra  Department of Water Engineering and Management, University

of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands

12. Aarti. Resource availability for water supply to Bangalore City, Karnataka. Current

Science, August 25, 2012; 25-29

13. Lea M Biological sand filters: low-cost bioremediation technique for production of clean

drinking water. Current protocol Microbial. 2008May; chap 1: unit 1G.1.1-1G.1.28.

14. Omokhodion FO, Oyemade A, Sridhar MK, Olaseha IO, Olawuyi JF. Diarrhoea in

children of Nigerian Market women: Prevalence, knowledge of causes and management.

J. Diarrhoeal Disease Res: 2006 sep, 16(3): 194-200.

15. Mimi a, Salman R, Water quality and improving Hygienic practices of the rural

community in the Vicinity of Ramallah, Palestine. Environmental Health Res. 2008 Oct;

18(5): 375-85.

16. Haque BA, Hallman K, Levy J, Bouis H, Ali N, Khan F et al. Rural drinking water at

supply and household levels: quality and management. Int. J Hygiene Environ Health.

2006 Sep; 209(5): 451-60.

17. Srila Gopal, Rajiv Sarkar, Kalyan Banda, Jeyanthi Govindarajan, B.B. Harijan, et al.

Study of water supply & sanitation practices in India using geographic information

systems: Some design & other considerations in a village setting. Indian Journal of

Medicine Res 129, March 2009, 233-241

15

18. R. Chandrasekhar , Sheela Roy, Jayaprakash Muliyil, Gagandeep Kang. Water

contamination in urban south India: household storage practices and their implications for

water safety.Christian Medical College, Vellore, India

19. Jyoti Jadhav, D Gopinath. Water Borne Diseases in Bangalore. Available from

http://www.amj.net.au/index.php?journal=AMJ&page=article&op=view&path%5B

%5D=474

20. N Gowri. Effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge, attitude and

practices regarding tobacco consumption in rural health setting. The nursing journal of

india, http://www.tnai online.org/feb-10/13.htm

21. Ngi TK, Shrestha RR, Dangol B, Maharjan M, Murcott SE. Design for sustainable

development-household drinking water filter for arsenic and pathogen treatment in Nepal.

Journal of Environment Science and Health. A Toxic Hazard substance. 2007 Oct;

42(12); 1879-88.

22. Ms k Kala. Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and attitude of

adolescent girls in prevention of iron and folic acid deficiency anaemia at a selected

corporation school. Coimbatore, Tamilnadu: www.mptnai.org/researchabstract.

16

9 SIGNATURE OF CANDIDATE

10 REMARKS OF THE GUIDE THIS STUDY IS MORE APPROPRIATE

IN CREATING AWARENESS AMONG

WOMEN REGARDING SAFE

HOUSEHOLD STORAGE AND

PURIFICATION OF WATER

11 NAME AND DESIGNATION OF:

11.1 GUIDE

Mrs MONIKA PAUL

ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR

11.2 SIGNATURE

11.3 CO-GUIDE (IF ANY) Ms YAGA JAYANTHI M

LECTURER

11.4 SIGNATURE

11.5 HEAD OF THE

DEPARTMENT

Mrs MONIKA PAUL

11.6 SIGNATURE

12 12.1 REMARKS OF THE

PRINCIPAL

12.2 SIGNATURE

17

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