synthetic biofuels – do they have a future? - a3ps...metso/ repotec commissioning vienna, omv...
TRANSCRIPT
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Future Energy Technology
Prof. Hermann Hofbauer
Synthetic biofuels –
do they have a future?
Reinhard Rauch
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
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The basic concept – “Green Chemistry”
BiomassGasification
Producer Gas (gas engine, gas turbine,
fuel cell)
Synthetic NaturalGas (SNG)
FT-Fuels(FT-Diesel)
Methanol / DME
Hydrogen
Mixed alkohols
Biomass
Synthesis gasH2 + CO
Oxosynthesisfor aldehydes
Isosynthesis forIsobutane
Ammonia
others
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Synthetic Biofuels (e.g. FT- Route)
GasificationFT-
SynthesisCleaning/
Conditioning
FT- wax
HPFT-
Fuels
Pure Syngas
H2/CO= 2
Raw Syngas
H2/CO=1,5
Hydro-
(Co)-Processing
Wood
Chips
Steam Hydrogen
(pure/ recycled)
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Lignini/n- paraffins
(hydrocarbons)
FT- fuels
Fossil Products
(e.g. LGO, HGO, VGO)
Purge Gas
Wax
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
There were some drawbacks during 2013 for gasification processes in Austria
� CHP Villach went insolvent in spring 2013
� CHP Güssing went insolvent in July 2013 (is started actual again and future operation is guaranteed)
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Fight for biomass resource has started
� Pulp and paper industry makes lobbying against biomass CHPs
� Price for wood chips has increased by about 30% during the last 10 years
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
�Prize increase by 500% in the last 10 years
�If linear extrapolated for another 10 years crude oil will cost about 500U$/barrel
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Costs of wood chips
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
CO2 emissions in the same range as electric Vehicles
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
BioFiTBIOMASSBIOMASS--TOTO--FISCHERFISCHER--TROPSCHTROPSCH
nCO + 2nH2 = nCH2 + nH2O
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Commercial FICFB gasifiers
LocationUsage /
Product
Fuel / Product
MW, MWStart up Supplier Status
Güssing, AT Gas engine 8.0fuel / 2.0el 2002AE&E,
Repotec?
Oberwart, ATGas engine /
ORC / H28.5fuel / 2.8el 2008
Ortner
AnlagenbauOperational
Villach, AT Gas engine 15fuel / 3.7el 2010Ortner
AnlagenbauOn hold
Senden/Ulm
DE
Gas engine /
ORC14fuel / 5el 2011 Repotec Commissioning
Burgeis, IT Gas engine 2fuel / 0.5el 2012 Repotec Commissioning
Göteborg,
SwedenBioSNG 32fuel/20 BioSNG 2013
Metso/
RepotecCommissioning
Vienna, OMV Hydrogen 50fuel/30 hydrogen ? Repotec cancelled
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Biomass CHP Güssing
BioSNG PDU
Technikum
FT synthesis
Hydrogen
Mixed alcohols
Fuelling StationGasifier
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
FT lab scale plant
12
5-10kg/day of FT raw product
Slurry reactor, because of excellent heat transfer and easy scaling up
Gas treatment removes Sulphur to below 10ppb
Fully automatic
FT synthesis
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Product Distribution and Hydrocarbons Content
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Comparison of Produced FT Fuels FT- Diesel HPFT- Diesel CEC- Prüf . ACN: >72 t d = 2,5 s 68,5 td = 2,91 s >51,8 / CFPP/CP/FP: -12/ -9/ - °C -62/ -60 / -98°C -18/ -5 °C
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Carbon- number
fract
ion
[%w
t]
i- paraff/res. (FT)
n- paraff. (FT)
i- paraff/res. (HPFT)
n- paraff. (HPFT)
i- paraff. /res. CEC- Prüf DK
n- paraff. CEC- Prüf- DK
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Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Results on Engine Tests with 20% Blends
VergleichsbasisB0 Diesel
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100% basis is fossil diesel
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Folie 16
SGC Energia Finished Successfully their 1 bpd Demo
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Problem: Costs
� Complex technology, so high investment costs� Efficiency from input material to transportation fuel is
about 40-65%, so much worse than refinery (>90%), but much better than electricity from biomass (20-30%)
� So fuel costs have the highest influence on production costs
� Main problem are high investment costs and no security of supply of biomass (in Europe)
� From the production costs not much difference to other options of advanced biofuels, like fermentation
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Annual costs [500 MW fuel, FT synthesis]
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Hamelinck 2004 500 MW Konzept 5 x 100 MWKonzept
Tijmensen, 2002 DENA-Studie,2006
Inve
stiti
onsv
olum
en,
Mio
EU
RInvestment costs [500 MW fuel, FT synthesis]
Dual fluidDual fluid
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Investment costs [500 MW fuel, FT synthesis]
On top of hardware are:
building 2%
construction
work 10%
engineering 10%
reserve 15%
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
Projects on synthetic biofuels
� The Forest BtL Project, FI (480 MWfuel / FT products / 2016-17)
� Bioliq® Project, DE (2 MWfuel / Synthetic Gasoline / 2013)� Chemrec Projects, SE (BioDME project)� UPM Project (300MWfuel / FT products)� The Woodspirit Project, NL (200 000 tpa Biomethanol
torrefied biomass into entrained flow gasifier)� BioTfueL Project, FR (12 MWfuel / FT products)� Värmlandsmetanol, SE (111 MWfuel / Methanol / 2017)� …
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
■ Biomass CHP on basis of steam gasification are already on the market.
■ Demonstration of the production of
■ BioSNG (same quality as gas from Russia)■ Fischer-Tropsch-fuels (high quality diesel)
was done successful.
■ Green house gas reduction is about 80 %.
■ R&D projects on the synthesis of mixed alcohols and hydrogen are on the way.
Conclusion I
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
■ First plants for commercial production of advanced biofuels have some problems:■Choren, DE■Neste Oy / Stora Enso, FI
■ But some others will be realized:■ Ajos BTL, FI■UPM Stracel BTL, FR
■ First plant for the production of SNG is starting commissioning:■GobiGas, SE (1. Phase commissioning, 2. Phase: fund ed
by NER300)
High quality fuels from biomass are technically feasible!
Regarding production costs, there is still potential for optimization!
Conclusion II
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Institute of Chemical Engineering
Working Group Synthetic Biofuels
More information at:� IEA Bioenergy Task 33 Thermal gasification of Biomass
(http://www.ieatask33.org)� IEA Bioenergy Task 39 Liquid Biofuels
(http://demoplants.bioenergy2020.eu/projects/mapindex)� US DOE Bioenergy Technologies Office
(http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/integrated_biorefineries.html)
� European Biofuels technology platform (http://www.biofuelstp.eu) Contact:
Reinhard Rauch, Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Institute of Chemical EngineeringVienna University of TechnologyGetreidemarkt 9/1661060 Vienna / AUSTRIAhttp://www.vt.tuwien.ac.athttp://www.bioenergy2020.euEmail: [email protected]