syphilis everything you need to know 8
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11/15/13 Syphilis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syphilis 8/12
The earliest known medical
illustration of patients suffering from
syphilis, Vienna, 1498
was followed by trials of penicillin and confirmation of its effectiveness in 1943.[13][38] Before the advent ofeffective treatment, mercury and isolation were commonly used, with treatments often worse than the
disease.[38]
Many famous historical figures, including Franz Schubert, Arthur Schopenhauer, and Édouard Manet,[13] arebelieved to have had the disease.
Society and culture
Arts and literature
See also: Notable cases of syphilis
The earliest known depiction of an individual with syphilis is AlbrechtDürer's Syphilitic Man, a woodcut believed to represent a
Landsknecht, a Northern European mercenary.[40] The myth of thefemme fatale or "poison women" of the 19th century is believed tobe partly derived from the devastation of syphilis, with classicexamples in literature including John Keats' La Belle Dame sans
Merci.[41][42]
The artist Jan van der Straet painted a scene of a wealthy manreceiving treatment for syphilis with the tropical wood guaiacum
sometime around 1580.[43] The title of the work is "Preparation andUse of Guayaco for Treating Syphilis". That the artist chose to includethis image in a series of works celebrating the New World indicateshow important a treatment, however ineffective, for syphilis was to theEuropean elite at that time. The richly colored and detailed workdepicts four servants preparing the concoction while a physician lookson, hiding something behind his back while the hapless patient
drinks.[44]
Tuskegee and Guatemala studies
See also: Tuskegee syphilis experiment and Syphilis experiments in Guatemala
One of the most infamous United States cases of questionable medical ethics in the 20th century was the
Tuskegee syphilis study.[45] The study took place in Tuskegee, Alabama, and was supported by the U.S. Public
Health Service (PHS) in partnership with the Tuskegee Institute.[46] The study began in 1932, when syphilis was
a widespread problem and there was no safe and effective treatment.[6] The study was designed to measure theprogression of untreated syphilis. By 1947, penicillin had been validated as an effective cure for syphilis and wasbecoming widely used to treat the disease. Study directors, however, continued the study and did not offer the
participants treatment with penicillin.[46] This is debated, and some have found that penicillin was given to many
of the subjects.[6] The study did not end until 1972.[46]
Syphilis experiments were also carried out in Guatemala from 1946 to 1948. They were United States-sponsored human experiments, conducted during the government of Juan José Arévalo with the cooperation ofsome Guatemalan health ministries and officials. Doctors infected soldiers, prisoners, and mental patients with