TURKEY

IRAQ

JORDAN

LEB.

ISR.

SAUDI ARABIA

Damascus

Homs

Alep

Latakia

TartusHama

Palmyra

Raqqah

Deir-ez-Zor

Hasakah

Qamishli

Idlib

Al-Bab

Adana Gaziantep Sanliurfa

Diyarbakir Batman

SweidaDaraa

Amman

Irbid

Jerusalem

Haifa

Beirut

Tripoli

SYRIA

Al-Walid

Abu Kamal

Nassib

Ramtha

Masnaa

Kaa

AbousiyehArida

Qassab

Bab el-Hawa

Bab es-Salam

Jarablus

Ayn al-Arab

Tell Abyad

Ras al-AynDerbesiyeh

RabiaKRG

Zakho

DuhokAfrin

> 2 millions

1-2 millions

< 1 million

3 millions inhab.

Other city

Major roadSecondary road

Kurdish settlement - PYD-held area

Rebel-held area (FSA-ISIL-Islamic Front)

Occupied Golan

Border post controlled by the PYD

Border post controlled by rebels (FSA-ISIL-Islamic Front)

Border post controlled by regime

Simalka Bridge

Flow of refugees

Flow of fighters and weapons

Strong border controlWeak border control

Area control

Border control

NATIONAL TERRITORY CRUMBLING : THE DYNAMICS OF SYRIA’S BORDERS (FALL 2013)

Border of the Kurdish Regional Government (KRG)

0

0 50

50

100 kilometers

100 miles

Sour

ces:

C.R

ouss

el -

Map

: X.H

oudo

y/C

.Rou

ssel

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