system 295 powermeter & harmonic analyzer · system 295 powermeter & harmonic analyzer...

System 295Powermeter &

Harmonic Analyzer

Installation andOperation Manual

BG0130 Rev. A2

SYSTEM 295 POWERMETER

& HARMONIC ANALYZER

Installation & Operation Manual

2 Introduction

LIMITED WARRANTY

The manufacturer offers the customer an 24-month functional warranty on the instrumentfor faulty workmanship or parts from date of dispatch from the distributor. In all cases,this warranty is valid for 36 months from the date of production. This warranty is on areturn to factory basis.

The manufacturer does not accept liability for any damage caused by instrumentmalfunction. The manufacturer accepts no responsibility for the suitability of theinstrument to the application for which it was purchased.

Failure to install, setup or operate the instrument according to the instructions herein willvoid the warranty.

Your instrument may be opened only by a duly authorized representative of themanufacturer. The unit should only be opened in a fully anti-static environment. Failure todo so may damage the electronic components and will void the warranty.

NOTEThe greatest care has been taken to manufacture and calibrate your instrument. However,these instructions do not cover all possible contingencies that may arise duringinstallation, operation or maintenance, and all details and variations of this equipment arenot covered by these instructions.

For additional information regarding installation, operation or maintenance of thisinstrument, contact the manufacturer or your local representative or distributor.

IMPORTANT

Please read instructions contained in this manual before performinginstallation, and take note of the following precautions:

1. Ensure that all incoming AC power and other power sources are turned OFFbefore performing any work on the instrument. Failure to do so may result in seriousor even fatal injury and/or equipment damage.

2. Before connecting the instrument to the power source, check the labels on theside of the instrument to ensure that your instrument is equipped with the appropriatepower supply voltage, input voltages, currents, analog output and communicationprotocol for your application.

3. Under no circumstances should the instrument be connected to a powersource if it is damaged.

4. To prevent potential fire or shock hazard, do not expose the instrument torain or moisture.

Introduction 3

5. The secondary of an external current transformer must never be allowed to beopen circuit when the primary is energized. An open circuit can cause high voltages,possibly resulting in equipment damage, fire and even serious or fatal injury. Ensurethat the current transformer wiring is made through shorting switches and is securedusing an external strain relief to reduce mechanical strain on the screw terminals, ifnecessary.

6. Setup procedures must be performed only by qualified personnel familiarwith the instrument and its associated electrical equipment.

7. DO NOT attempt to open the instrument under any circumstances.

Modbus is a trademark of Modicon, Inc.

F Read through this manual thoroughly before connecting the meter tothe current carrying circuits. During operation of the meter, hazardousvoltages are present on input terminals. Failure to observeprecautions can result in serious or even fatal injury or damage toequipment.

BG0130 Rev. A2

4 Introduction

About This ManualChapter 1, Introduction, includes a description of the PM295 basic features.

Chapter 2, Installation, provides instructions for mounting, installing andinterfacing the PM295.

Chapter 3, Operating the PM295, contains an overview of the PM295 measurementand operation techniques.

Chapter 4, Operation Techniques, provides instructions on the manual operation ofthe PM295.

Chapter 5 describes Communications Operation.

Chapter 6 provides Technical Specifications of the PM295.

Appendices

Appendix A specifies all of the display formats available for operational mode andshows the corresponding front panel displays.Appendix B lists the instrument programmable parameters that can be accessedeither through the front panel or communications.Appendix C provides a sample of setpoint programming form.Appendices D, E and F contain cable drawings for computer, printer and modemcommunications connections.

Related Manuals

This operating manual contains information required for installation and operationof the PM295. Information concerning the serial communications protocols is foundin the documents: "System 295 Powermeter and Harmonic Analyzer - ASCIICommunications Protocol - User's Guide" and "System 295 Powermeter andHarmonic Analyzer - Modbus Communications Protocol - User's Guide" shippedwith your PM295 on diskette in Microsoft Word document format.

Introduction 1

Table of Contents1. Introduction............................................................................................... 1

1.1 About The PM295 .................................................................................. 11.2 Instrument Features Summary ............................................................... 11.3 Measurement Capabilities ...................................................................... 5

2. Installation............................................................................................... 11

2.1 Initial Inspection ................................................................................... 112.2 Mechanical Installation......................................................................... 112.3 Input/Output Terminals......................................................................... 142.4 Power Source Connection .................................................................... 152.5 Voltage Input Connections ................................................................... 15

2.5.1 660V Input .............................................................................................. 152.5.2 120V Input .............................................................................................. 16

2.6 Current Input Connections.................................................................... 162.7 Harmonic Measurement Connections................................................... 172.8 Wiring Configurations........................................................................... 182.9 Auxiliary Current Input Connections ..................................................... 252.10 Analog Output Connections.................................................................. 262.11 Relay Output Connections.................................................................... 272.12 Discrete Input Connections................................................................... 282.13 Communications .................................................................................. 28

3. Operating The PM295 ............................................................................. 30

3.1 Instrument Turn On.............................................................................. 303.2 Operational Mode................................................................................. 30

3.2.1 Front Panel Operation............................................................................. 303.2.2 Selecting a Display Page......................................................................... 313.2.3 Display Formats ...................................................................................... 31

3.3 Programming Mode.............................................................................. 323.3.1 Front Panel Operation............................................................................. 323.3.2 General Operations................................................................................. 343.3.3 Menu Map .............................................................................................. 353.3.4 Entering/Quitting Programming Mode ...................................................... 353.3.5 Entering the Password............................................................................ 373.3.6 Selecting the Setup Group ...................................................................... 373.3.7 Basic Setup ............................................................................................ 383.3.8 Serial Port Setup..................................................................................... 393.3.9 Discrete Input Setup ............................................................................... 393.3.10 Counter Setup ........................................................................................ 413.3.11 Analog Output Setup............................................................................... 413.3.12 Analog Expander Setup .......................................................................... 433.3.13 Pulsing Relay Setup ................................................................................ 443.3.14 Event/Alarm Setpoints............................................................................. 453.3.15 Timer Setup ............................................................................................ 51

2 Introduction

3.3.16 Real Time Clock Setup............................................................................ 513.3.17 Date Format Setup ................................................................................. 533.3.18 Reset Functions...................................................................................... 533.3.19 Password Protection Control ................................................................... 54

3.4 Self-Test Diagnostics ........................................................................... 55

4. Operation Techniques ............................................................................ 56

4.1 Sampling Technique ............................................................................ 564.2 Measurement Modes............................................................................ 56

4.2.1 Real-time RMS Measurements................................................................ 564.2.2 Averaging ............................................................................................... 574.2.3 Minimum/Maximum Logging .................................................................... 57

4.3 Demand Measurements ....................................................................... 584.3.1 Demand Readings .................................................................................. 584.3.2 Block Interval Demand ............................................................................ 584.3.3 Sliding Window Demand.......................................................................... 594.3.4 Thermal Demand .................................................................................... 594.3.5 Accumulated and Predicted Demands ..................................................... 604.3.6 Demand Interval Measurement ............................................................... 614.3.7 Resetting the Demands........................................................................... 624.3.8 Demand Interval Pulse ............................................................................ 63

4.4 Energy Measurements ......................................................................... 634.4.1 Measurement Modes .............................................................................. 634.4.2 Resetting the Energies............................................................................ 644.4.3 Energy Pulsing........................................................................................ 64

4.5 Harmonic Measurements ..................................................................... 644.5.1 Measurement Technique......................................................................... 644.5.2 Harmonic Parameters ............................................................................. 654.5.3 Real-time Waveform Capture .................................................................. 66

4.6 Auxiliary Measurements ....................................................................... 664.6.1 Voltage and Current Unbalance............................................................... 664.6.2 Calculated Neutral Current ...................................................................... 674.6.3 Auxiliary Current Input Operation............................................................. 674.6.4 Frequency Measurements....................................................................... 674.6.5 Phase Rotation ....................................................................................... 684.6.6 Phase Angles.......................................................................................... 68

4.7 Time-Of-Use System ........................................................................... 684.7.1 TOU System Operation........................................................................... 684.7.2 TOU System Registers ........................................................................... 694.7.3 TOU Calendars....................................................................................... 704.7.4 Daily Profiles ........................................................................................... 704.7.5 Connecting with Energy-counting Meters................................................. 704.7.6 Tariff Interval Pulse ................................................................................. 70

4.8 Discrete Input Operation ...................................................................... 704.9 Relay Output Operation........................................................................ 714.10 Analog Output Operation...................................................................... 724.11 Analog Expander Operation ................................................................. 744.12 Counter Operation................................................................................ 754.13 Timer Operation................................................................................... 75

Introduction 3

4.14 User Programmable Events ................................................................. 764.15 On-Board Data Recording .................................................................... 77

4.15.1 Event Logging......................................................................................... 794.15.2 Data Logging .......................................................................................... 804.15.3 High-speed Waveform Logging ............................................................... 814.15.4 High-resolution Waveform Logging.......................................................... 82

4.16 Monitoring And Recording Disturbances............................................... 824.16.1 Disturbance Analysis............................................................................... 824.16.2 Monitoring Disturbances.......................................................................... 834.16.3 Recording Disturbances .......................................................................... 83

4.17 Setpoint Operation ............................................................................... 844.17.1 General .................................................................................................. 844.17.2 Setpoint Programming............................................................................. 844.17.3 Triggering Conditions .............................................................................. 854.17.4 Delaying Setpoint Operations .................................................................. 884.17.5 Setpoint Actions...................................................................................... 884.17.6 Special Considerations............................................................................ 904.17.7 Setpoint Programming Techniques .......................................................... 91

4.18 Update Rates And Response Time....................................................... 99

5. Communications Operation ................................................................. 101

5.1 General.............................................................................................. 1015.2 Eia Interface Standards...................................................................... 101

5.2.1 EIA RS-232 Standard............................................................................ 1015.2.2 EIA RS-422 and EIA RS-485 Standards ................................................ 102

5.3 Configuring The Communications Port............................................... 1025.3.1 Communications Mode.......................................................................... 1025.3.2 Interface ............................................................................................... 1035.3.3 Communication Address ....................................................................... 1035.3.4 Baud Rate ............................................................................................ 1035.3.5 Data Format ......................................................................................... 1045.3.6 Handshaking......................................................................................... 1045.3.7 DTR/RTS Control Line .......................................................................... 1055.3.8 Configuring the Printer Parameters........................................................ 105

5.4 Response Time.................................................................................. 1065.5 Print Mode ......................................................................................... 106

6. Technical Specifications ...................................................................... 108

Appendix A Display Formats ....................................................................... 113Appendix B Programmable Parameters ...................................................... 124Appendix C Setpoint Programming Form...................................................... 152Appendix D Cable Drawings - Computer Connection................................... 153Appendix E Cable Drawings - Serial Printer Connection.............................. 159Appendix F Cable Drawings - Modem Connection....................................... 163

INDEX.......................................................................................................... 164

Introduction 1

1. Introduction

1.1 About The PM295The PM295 is an advanced microprocessor-based digital instrument thatincorporates the capabilities of the network analyzer, data recorder andprogrammable controller allowing for user network monitoring, analysis and control.The instrument provides three-phase measurements of electrical quantities in powerdistribution systems, monitoring external events, operating external equipment viarelay contacts, fast and long-term on-board recording of measured quantities andevents, harmonic network analysis and disturbance recording.

The PM295 can communicate with PLCs and PC based workstations via serialcommunications and directly by transducing analog and discrete signals, serving asexcellent partner in power network management. All measurement functions of thePM295 are remotely programmable via the communications port.

The accompanying PAS295 software package provides easy remote programmingfor the instrument, data acquisition, analysis and on-screen presentation.

1.2 Instrument Features Summary

Processing Block• CPU - microcontroller 80C196KC20 with a 20 MHz oscillator• Extended nonvolatile RAM with battery backup for data recording - 512K byte

module• On-board real-time clock• A I0-bit A/D converter• Power supervisory circuit• External watch-dog

Analog Inputs• 3 isolated voltage inputs - 660 VAC/120 VAC options• 3 isolated current inputs - 1A or 5A secondary options• 1 isolated auxiliary current input for ground leakage/neutral current

measurements - 5 mA/1A/5A secondary options (upon order)

2 Introduction

Discrete Inputs• 8 programmable optically isolated digital inputs free programmable for sensing

external contacts’ status and pulses.

Applications:- monitoring external dry contacts- sensing an external synchronization pulse for demand interval

measurements- counting external pulses- connecting with external energy-counting meters- triggering setpoints from external alarm/event sources- selecting output values for internal multiplexed analog output

Analog Outputs• one internal multiplexed scalable free-programmable optically isolated current

output - 0-20/4-20 mA (upon order). Provides time-sharing output for up to 16analog parameters that can be controlled externally by a combination of binarysignals on the instrument's discrete inputs (from 1 to 4 inputs can be operated)

• extension for up to 14 analog outputs is available using external analogexpanders (up to 2 units per instrument)

Discrete Outputs• 4 digital free-programmable relay outputs (dry contact)

Applications:- alarm activations- load control- energy pulsing- time reference pulses for synchronization demand and tariff calculations

Timers• 4 programmable a 1 sec resolution timers for repeated setpoint operations and

data recording

Counters• 8 programmable large-scale counters with scalable input for counting input

pulses and various internal events

User Programmable Events• 8 programmable flags for asserting user-definable events, allowing manual

control and expansion of setpoint operations

Introduction 3

Setpoints• 16 programmable setpoints for monitoring various events:

- up to 4 triggering conditions for each setpoint combined by OR/ANDlogical operations

- up to 4 actions for each setpoint on setpoint operation- programmable hysteresis (dead-band) for analog triggers- programmable delay for setpoint operation/release

• each setpoint can be combined with other setpoints if extended number ofconditions or actions needed

• any measured or sensed quantity/status/pulse/event can be used as a triggercondition for setpoint operation

• voltage disturbance and phase rotation monitoring are available for triggeringsetpoint operations

• setpoint actions available:- operating relay output- increment/decrement/clear counter- assert/clear user programmable event- reset total accumulating energy registers- reset extreme demand registers- reset TOU system accumulating energy registers- reset TOU system demand registers- clear all counters- clear Min/Max log registers- event logging on setpoint operation- data logging in selected data log partition- high-speed waveform logging for disturbance analysis- high-resolution waveform logging for harmonic analysis

• each setpoint can be programmed to be operated manually viacommunications by overriding present conditions or by gating setpointoperations in addition to other setpoint conditions (for example whenevent/data recording is needed for a user-defined time interval)

• each setpoint can be programmed to allow the setpoint operations to berecorded in the event log on any setpoint transition - operate, release or eithertransition

On-board Data Recording• 19 free-programmable extended memory partitions for recording events,

measured data, and captured waveforms:- one event logging partition for recording various events and setpoint

operations, providing storage for up to 36864 events with a 512Kmemory module (assuming the entire memory allocated for thepartition)

4 Introduction

- 16 programmable data logging partitions, each for recording from 1 to16 user programmable parameters per record, providing total storagefor up to 114,688 parameters with a 512K memory module (assumingthe entire memory allocated for data logging)

- one partition for high-speed waveform recording (32 samples x 16cycles x 6 inputs per record) for disturbance analysis, and one partitionfor high-resolution waveform recording (128 samples x 4 cycles x 6inputs per record) for harmonic analysis, each providing storage for upto 19, 40, or 82 records with a 512K memory module (assuming theentire memory allocated for the partition)

• each memory partition can be sized to store desired number of records, from1 record and up to the entire memory size, using an arbitrary combination ofpartitions

• each memory partition can be programmed to store the oldest records withoutoverwriting previously recorded data when a partition is filled up, or to wraparound by writing new records over the oldest records so that stored recordswill always contain the most recent data

Time-of-Use System• 8 programmable accumulating energy registers for 16 tariffs, each

configurable for counting kWh/kvarh/kVAh or pulses from up to 8 externalenergy-counting meters

• 3 programmable demand registers for 16 tariffs, configurable for recordingextreme (minimum and maximum) demands using varying calculationtechniques: block interval/sliding window/thermal demand

• 16 daily profiles (types of days) with up to 8 tariff changes per day• 2-year calendar

Communications• one programmable optically isolated serial port - RS-232/RS-422/RS-485

embedded options with a user-selectable baud rate of 110 to 38400 BPS

Display• multi-page display composed of 11 windows with high-brightness seven-

segment digital LEDs. A total of 55 display pages are available

Keypad• four membrane long-life push-buttons for page scrolling and programming

Power Supply• 90-264 V AC, 10-290 V DC options

Introduction 5

1.3 Measurement CapabilitiesTable 1-1 lists quantities and signals measured, calculated and sensed by the PM295. Measurement readings can beaccessed via the front panel and communications. These readings can also be transferred through internal analog andrelay outputs, and used as triggers for alarm/event setpoint operations. Ranges and full scale values for measurementparameters are summarized in technical specifications (see Chapter 6). Chapter 3 describes measurement functions andmodes of measuring input values.

Table 1-1 Measured Quantities and Sensed SignalsMeasurement Mode Usage/output

Parameter Real-time

Slidingaverage

Demand Min/Max

Display Commu-nications

Analogoutput

Pulse Datalogging

Triggersetpoint

Per phase MeasurementsVoltage (L-N/L-L) À • • • • • • • • •Current • • • • • • • • •kW Á • • • • • • • •kvar Á • • • • • • • •kVA Á • • • • • • • •Power factor (signed) Á • • • • • • • •Voltage THD Â • • • • • • • •Current THD • • • • • • • •K-Factor • • • • • • • • Three-phase total measurementsTotal kW • • • • • • • • •Total kvar • • • • • • • • •Total kVA • • • • • • • • •Total power factor signed • • • • • • • •Total power factor lag • • • • • • •

6 Introduction


Parameter Real-time

Slidingaverage

Demand Min/Max


Analogoutput

Pulse Datalogging

Triggersetpoint

Total power factor lead • • • • • • • Auxiliary measurementsAuxiliary current (groundleakage/neutral current)

• • • • • • • •

Neutral current (calculated) • • • • • • • •Frequency • • • • • • • •Voltage unbalance • • • • • • • •Current unbalance • • • • • • • • Low values on any phaseLow voltage (L-N/L-L) À • • • • •Low current • • • • •Low kW Á • • • • •Low kvar Á • • • • •Low kVA Á • • • • •Low power factor lag Á • • • • •Low power factor lead Á • • • • •Low voltage THD Â • • • • •Low current THD • • • • •Low K-Factor • • • • • High values on any phaseHigh voltage (L-N/L-L) À • • • • •High current • • • • •High kW Á • • • • •High kvar Á • • • • •

Introduction 7


Parameter Real-time

Slidingaverage

Demand Min/Max


Analogoutput

Pulse Datalogging

Triggersetpoint

High kVA Á • • • • •High power factor lag Á • • • • •High power factor lead Á • • • • •High voltage THD Â • • • • •High current THD • • • • •High K-Factor • • • • • DemandsVolt demand per phase À • • • Ã • • • •Ampere demand per phase • • • Ã • • • •Total kW demand (block interval,sliding window, thermal)

• • • Ã • • • •

Total kvar demand (block interval,sliding window, thermal)

• • • Ã • • • •

Total kVA demand (block interval,sliding window, thermal)

• • • Ã • • • •

Predicted demandsTotal kW demand (accumulated,sliding window)

• • • • • •

Total kvar demand (accumulated,sliding window)

• • • • • •

Total kVA demand (accumulated,sliding window)

• • • • • •

Total energieskWh (import, export, net, total) • • • • •

8 Introduction


Parameter Real-time

Slidingaverage

Demand Min/Max


Analogoutput

Pulse Datalogging

Triggersetpoint

kvarh (import, export, net, total) • • • • •kVAh (total) • • • • • Per phase harmonic measurementsVoltage harmonics (1-40), % Â • • Ä • • • •Current harmonics (1-40), % • • Ä • • • •Harmonic voltages (for oddharmonics 1-39) Â

• • Ä • • • • •

Harmonic currents (for oddharmonics 1-39)

• • Ä • • • • •

Three-phase total harmonic measurementsHarmonic total kW (for oddharmonics 1-39)

• • Ä • • • • •

Harmonic total kvar (for oddharmonics 1-39)

• • Ä • • • • •

Harmonic total power factors (for oddharmonics 1-39)

• • Ä • • • • •

TOU energy registers8 registers for 16 tariffs, freeprogrammable for countingkWh/kvarh/kVAh or pulses fromexternal energy-counting meters

• •

TOU demand registers3 registers ( kW/kvar/kVA demands)for 16 tariffs, free

• • • •

programmable for registrationblock interval/sliding window/thermal Min/Max demands

• • • v

Introduction 9


Parameter Real-time

Slidingaverage

Demand Min/Max


Analogoutput

Pulse Datalogging

Triggersetpoint

TOU system parametersActive tariff • • •Active profile • • • Pulse counters8 large scale counters for countingexternal pulses or internal events

• • • •

Discrete inputs8 discrete inputs, free configurable forsensing external contacts or pulses

• • • •

Timers4 timers with 1 sec resolution • Internal eventskWh pulse (import/export/total) • •kvarh pulse (import/export/total) • •kVAh pulse • •Start demand interval • •Start tariff interval • • Time/date parametersYear, month, day of month, day ofweek, hour, minute, second

•

Special measurementsVoltage disturbance •Phase rotation • •Phase angles per phase •

10 Introduction

NOTES¬ For all applications/outputs, the voltage parameters can represent line-to-neutral or line-to-line voltages depending on the

wiring configuration selected in the Powermeter. (4Ln3/3Ln3 = line-to-neutral voltages; all other configurations = line-to-linevoltages).

In 3-wire connection schemes, the individual phase values for power factor, active power, apparent power and reactive powerwill be zero, because they have no meaning. Only total three-phase power values can be used.

® In all grounded connections using either 4Ln3 or 4LL3 wiring configuration s, harmonic voltages will represent line-to-neutralvoltages. In a 3-wire direct connection, harmonic voltages will represent line-to-neutral voltages that arise on the Powermeter'sinput transformers. In a 3-wire open delta connection, harmonic voltages will comprise L12 and L23 line-to-line voltages.

¯ Display readings are the maximum demands over entire time of survey.° Measurements can be made via 16 programmable Min/Max registers.

Installation 11

2. Installation

2.1 Initial InspectionUpon receipt, the instrument should be free of damage and in perfect order. Toconfirm this, first inspect the instrument for physical damage incurred in transit. Ifthe instrument is damaged, inform your local distributor immediately. Only after youhave determined that the instrument is damage-free, test the electrical performance.

2.2 Mechanical Installation

LocationThe instrument should be mounted away from heat sources in a dirt-freeenvironment. The instrument should not be operated in direct sunlight nor should itcome into contact with oil or moisture.

Although designed to operate in an electrically noisy environment, the instrumentshould not be placed near very high electric fields. It must be placed at least one-halfmeter (1.64 feet) from current lines carrying up to 600 amperes. For currents greaterthan 600A and up to 2,000A, this distance must be at least 1 meter (3.28 feet).

In the event that the instrument is mounted in a harsh, noisy environment with highpotential for electromagnetic impulses from heavy switch gears, motors or lightning,it is recommended to install appropriate protective devices such as lightening andover-voltage arresters to all incoming voltage inputs.

MountingThe PM295 is designed to be panel mounted. The dimensions of the cutoutnecessary both for front (standard) and rear panel mounting are shown in Figures 2-1 and 2-2.

For either front or rear mounting, the instrument is positioned through the cutout,and the bracket(s) are then screwed to the back of the instrument as shown in thefigures. For front mounting, the four thrust screws are tightened against the panel toaffix the instrument in place.

12 Installation

Figure 2-1 Front Mounting (standard)

Installation 13

Figure 2-2 Rear Mounting

Step 1Connect thebracket to theinstrument

Step 2Mount the O-ringon the instrument

Step 3

14 Installation

2.3 Input/Output TerminalsConnections to the PM295 are made via terminals located on the back of theinstrument as shown in Figure 2-3 and detailed in Figure 2-4.

Figure 2-3 Location of Terminal Strips and Communications Connector

Figure 2-4 Connection Terminal #1

Installation 15

2.4 Power Source ConnectionThe instrument can be operated from any single phase AC power source supplying90-264 VAC 50/60 Hz, or from DC power supply 10-290 VDC. Power supplyoptions are available upon order.

For the power source wiring, see Figure 2-4. If an AC power supply is used, the liveline of the control power should be connected to terminal 1 and the neutral toterminal 3. If a DC power supply is used, the positive supply wire should beconnected to terminal 1 and the negative wire to terminal 3.

F The ground lug must be connected to the ground.

2.5 Voltage Input Connections

2.5.1 660V Input

Direct ConnectionFor some power systems, the 660V input option allows the user to use directconnection without applying potential transformers (PT). This will depend on thepower system configuration and on the system voltage level. In the case of systemswith line-to-line voltage up to 660V, direct connection may be used for 4-wire and3-wire systems. Wiring diagrams for these are provided in Figures 2.5, 2.8, and 2.9.

F To ensure accurate readings, the measured voltage between terminals2-11, 5-11 and 8-11 should not exceed RMS value 550 VAC andamplitude value 900V.

NOTEWhen direct connection without potential transformers is used, set the PT RATIO in theinstrument to 1.

Using Potential TransformersFor high voltage applications (above 660V line-to-line voltage) potentialtransformers (PT) must be used to scale down the input voltage to rated input scaleof the instrument. The instrument is intended to be wired via potential transformerswith secondary line-to-line voltage up to 120V + 20%. The instrument supports 3-wire open delta systems and 4-wire Wye systems. Wiring diagrams for these areprovided in Figures 2-6, 2-7, 2-10 and 2-11.

16 Installation

NOTEWhen using potential transformers, the input voltage scale is defined in the instrument bythe PT RATIO parameter, which is the relation of the PT primary rated voltage to thesecondary rated voltage. For example, using a PT with the ratings of 165 kV : 110 V, thePT RATIO would be 165,000/110 = 1500. The PT RATIO must be specified correctly forthe instrument to provide accurate voltage readings.

2.5.2 120V InputThe instrument with the 120V input option is intended to be wired via potentialtransformers with secondary line-to-line voltage up to 120V + 20%.

F To ensure accurate readings, the measured voltage between terminals2-11, 5-11 and 8-11 should not exceed RMS value 144 VAC andamplitude value 226V.

2.6 Current Input ConnectionsThe PM295 is designed to measure phase currents via external current transformers(CTs) with either 1 A or 5 A secondaries. The current input ratings are factoryinstalled. All current inputs are galvanically isolated using internal currenttransformers.

Using 3-wire connections, only two current transformers are required. It is alsopossible to use three current transformers (see Figure 2-7). If necessary, the returnside of the current transformers (terminals 3, 6 and 9) may be grounded.

F To ensure accurate readings, the input current should not exceed: forthe 1A secondaries - RMS value 1.2A and amplitude value 1.76A, andfor the 5A secondaries - RMS value 6A and amplitude value 8.8A. Atleast one of the L1 or L3 phase voltages must be connected to providecorrect measurements of the current.

F The CTs must be connected in the correct order and with the correctpolarity as shown in the wiring diagrams for the instrument to operateproperly. If the instrument displays a power factor of zero or close toit, or if power readings show unreasonable values, the polarity of theCT connections might be reversed.

For the line current inputs overload, see technical specifications in Chapter 6.

NOTEThe phase current input scale is defined in the instrument by the CT PRIMARY CURRENTparameter. It is equal to the primary rating of the current transformer.

Installation 17

2.7 Harmonic Measurement ConnectionsHarmonic measurements can be made only on signals that are present on theinstrument inputs. In some of the 3-wire configurations, there may be one of inputsmissing, so the user might not get the appropriate readings.

4-wire ConfigurationsIn 4-wire configurations, no special considerations are necessary. All harmonicquantities will be measured correctly. In the '4Ln3', '4LL3', '3Ln3' or '3LL3' wiringmodes, harmonic voltages will represent line-to-neutral voltages. In '3Ln3' or '3LL3'wiring modes, harmonic voltage will be measured only for two phases and the totalpower harmonics will be calculated inaccurately.

3-wire Direct ConnectionIn a 3-wire Direct Connection, harmonic voltages will represent the three phase line-to-neutral voltages that appear on the instrument input transformers. If the systemload is not symmetrical, the voltage readings will have no meaning. In the case of thesymmetrical load, harmonic voltages will not reflect all the multiples of order 3harmonic.

Using 2 CTs, harmonic currents will be measured only for two phases and the totalpower harmonics will be calculated inaccurately.

3-wire Open Delta ConnectionReadings for harmonic voltages will represent two line-to-line voltages L12 andL23. Current harmonics will be taken using 2 or 3 CTs, according to the wiringconfiguration.

Total harmonic powers will be measured properly using two input line-to-linevoltages and two currents.

18 Installation

2.8 Wiring ConfigurationsThe WIRING MODE must be set in the instrument in accordance with the wiringconfiguration. The wrong wiring mode may result in incorrect readings.

There are seven possible wiring configurations:

No. Wiring Configuration Wiring Mode1 3-wire direct connection using 2 CTs (2-element) 3DIR2 3-wire open delta connection using 2 PTs, 2 CTs (2-element) 3OP23 3-wire open delta connection using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½-

element)3OP3

4 4-wire WYE direct connection using 3 CTs (3-element) 4Ln3 or 4LL35 4-wire delta direct connection using 3 CTs (3-element) 4Ln3 or 4LL36 4-wire WYE connection using 3 PTs, 3 CTs (3 element) 4Ln3 or 4LL37 4-wire WYE connection using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½-element) 3Ln3 or 3LL3

In 4-wire configurations, '4Ln3' or '3Ln3' wiring modes represent line-to-neutralvoltage readings; '4LL3' or '3LL3' wiring modes represent line-to-line voltages.

For 3-wire configurations, voltage readings will always represent line-to-linevoltages. These do not affect readings for harmonic voltages (see Section 2.7).

Installation 19

1) Three Wire Direct Connection Using 2 CTs (2-element)This connection can be applied to systems with line-to-line voltage up to 660V. Thethree line voltages are taken at terminals 2, 5 and 8 as shown in Figure 2-5.

Figure 2-5 3-wire Direct Connection Using 2 CTs (2-element) WIRING MODE 3DIR

Readings represent line-to-line voltages. The two line currents are monitored viatwo CTs. The third current is calculated based on the two measured currents.

20 Installation

2) Three Wire Open Delta Connection Using 2 PTs, 2 CTs (2-element)This configuration, shown in Figure 2-6, can be used with either 660V or 120Vinput. Readings represent line-to-line voltages. The two line currents are measuredvia 2 CTs; the third current [LINE 2(B)] is calculated based on the two measuredcurrents. The common taps of the PT secondaries are connected to terminal 11.

Note the connection between terminals 5 and 11.

Figure 2-6 3-Wire Open Delta Connection Using 2 PTs, 2 CTs (2-element) WIRING MODE 3OP2

Installation 21

3) Three Wire Open Delta Connection Using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½-element)This configuration, shown in Figure 2-7, can be used with either 660V or 120Vinput. Readings represent line-to-line voltages. All three line currents are measured.The common taps of the PT secondaries are connected to terminal 11.

Note the connection between terminals 5 and 11.

Figure 2-7 3-Wire Open Delta Connection Using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½-element) WIRING MODE 3OP3

22 Installation

4) Four Wire Wye Direct Connection Using 3 CTs (3-element)The instrument takes the three line-to-neutral voltages and three line currents asshown in Figure 2-8. The system neutral is connected to terminal 11.

Figure 2-8 4-Wire Wye Direct Connection Using 3 CTs (3-element) WIRING MODE 4Ln3/4LL3

Installation 23

5) Four Wire Delta Direct Connection Using 3 CTs (3-element)The instrument senses the three line-to-neutral voltages and three line currents asshown in Figure 2-9. The system neutral is connected to terminal 11.

Figure 2-9 4-wire Delta Direct Connection Using 3 CTs (3-element)WIRING MODE 4Ln3/4LL3

24 Installation

6) Four Wire Wye Connection Using 3 PTs, 3 CTs (3-element)This configuration can be used with either 660V or 120V input. The instrumentsenses the three line-to-neutral voltages and three line currents as shown in Figure 2-10. The common taps of the PT secondaries are connected to terminal 11.

Figure 2-10 4-wire Wye Connection Using 3 PTs, 3 CTs (3-element) WIRING MODE 4Ln3/4LL3

Installation 25

7) Four Wire Wye Connection Using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½-element)This configuration can be used with either 660V or 120V input. The instrumentsenses the 2 line-to-neutral voltages and 3 line currents as shown in Figure 2-11. Thecommon taps of the PT secondaries are connected to terminal 11. This configurationwill provide accurate power measurements only if the voltages are balanced.

Figure 2-11 4-wire Wye Connection Using 2 PTs, 3 CTs (2½-element) WIRING MODE 3Ln3/3LL3

2.9 Auxiliary Current Input ConnectionsThe PM295 can be equipped with an auxiliary current input (optional). Figure 2-12shows examples of the auxiliary current input connections. This input can be usedfor direct measurement of either ground leakage or the neutral current.

The secondary rating of the CT connected to the auxiliary current input is either 1A, 5 A, or 5 mA, as per your order. The CT PRIMARY CURRENT parameter forthe auxiliary current input is set in the instrument independently of the phase currentinputs.

26 Installation

97-04023

31

2 5 8

4

1011

6 7

12

9

+ -

LN

+

K

LOAD

-

L3 (C)

L2 (B)

L1 (A)

11

1

2

3

5 8

4 6

N

L1 (A)

L2 (B)

L3 (C)

10

7 9

+

12

-

+ -

LOAD

a) Neutral current b) Ground leakage current

Figure 2-12 Auxiliary Current Input Connections

2.10 Analog Output ConnectionsFigure 2-13 shows wiring for an analog output. The analog output is opticallyisolated and has an internal source +24 VDC to power the current loop. Analogoutput range is 0-20 or 4-20 mA, as per your order.

R Lmax 510 Ohm

15

13 +

-

Figure 2-13 Analog Output Connections

The permitted range for the current loop resistance is 0 to 510 Ω.

In many industrial applications, it may be necessary to protect the output fromaccidental shorts to AC line voltages, in addition to high common-mode voltages.The circuit shown in Figure 2-14 can be used for this purpose.

R

C1

LVR1 = 25 VRMS

VR113

15

C1 = 0.1 mF/50V

+

-

Figure 2-14 Protective Circuit For Analog Output

Installation 27

2.11 Relay Output ConnectionsThe PM295 is equipped with four electromechanical relays. Relays #1, #2, and #4are two-contact Form A (SPST) relays, and relay #3 is a three-contact Form C(SPDT) relay. Relay #1 is a reed relay that is intended for a small load, for example,to output pulses. For the relay ratings, see technical specifications in Chapter 6.Figure 2-15 illustrates wiring connections for the relays.

All relays are normally de-energized.

19

23

K3

21

K1 K2

22

24

26

28

K4

25

27

Figure 2-15 Relay Output Connections

Relay Contact ProtectionWhen using relay outputs for switching lamp, capacitive or inductive circuits, someform of transient suppression may be necessary to keep the relay contacts within thevoltage or current ratings. The following diagrams recommend some variants ofprotective circuits for relay outputs.

LOADV s

Figure 2-16 Inductive load - Zener DiodeProtection

LOADsV

Figure 2-17 Inductive load - Diode Protection

LOADsV

+

-

Figure 2-18 Inductive Load - Diode/resistor Protection

28 Installation

2.12 Discrete Input ConnectionsThe PM295 provides eight optically isolated dry-contact sensing (voltage-free)discrete inputs. Figure 2-19 shows wiring for discrete inputs.

K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 COM

6 8 1210 14 16 18 20 11

+5 V

0 V

1 kOhm

PM295

Figure 2-19 Discrete Input Connections

The dry contacts connected to discrete inputs must be floating relative to the groundwith a minimum rating of 5 VDC, 5 mA. It is also recommended to performconnections using a shielded, twisted pair cable that is isolated from noise sources.

2.13 Communications

Connector PinoutThe communications port is optically isolated and supports both EIA RS-232 andRS-422/485 standard interfaces (user-selectable). The serial interface connector isstandard D-type 9 pin female plug-in, located at the top center of the back of theinstrument. Tables 2-1 and 2-2 list the pinout of the connector.

NOTEThe functions of pins 4 and 5 can be programmed via keypad upon the needs of the user.Refer to Section 5.3 on how to select the appropriate pin function.

Table 2-1 RS-232 pinoutPin Name Function1 0V Common2 TXD Transmit Data3 RXD Receive Data4 DTR/RTS Data Terminal Ready/Request to Send5 DSR/CTS Data Set Ready/Clear to Send

Installation 29

Table 2-2 RS-422/RS-485 pinoutPin Name Function1 0V Common6 TXD+ + Transmit Data7 RXD+ + Receive Data8 TXD - - Transmit Data9 RXD - - Receive Data

For RS-485 communications, connect together pins 6-7 (TXD+ and RXD+), and pins 8-9(TXD- and RXD-).

Receive/Transmit IndicatorsThe PM295 has two LED indicators, showing activity on the serial port lines. Theyare located to the left of the communications connector. The left LED is connectedto the receive line and flashes when the instrument is receiving data, and the rightLED is connected to the transmit line and flashes when the instrument istransmitting data.

Cable ConnectionsFor the cable drawings, refer to Appendices D, E and F.

For RS-422/RS-485 balanced data transmission, a shielded, twisted pair cableshould be used for each communication link. To minimize reflections and reducecross talk, it is recommended to terminate the ends of lines with the terminationresistor of 200-500 Ω.

For RS-232 connections, a flat cable can be used.

The conductor size of the 2 wires shall be 24 AWG or larger with wire resistancenot exceeding 30 Ω per 1000 feet per conductor.

When lines are routed through an electrically noisy environment, input protectionagainst switching or lightening induced surge voltages may be required in addition toline termination.

30 Operating The PM295

3. Operating The PM295

3.1 Instrument Turn OnConnect the PM295 to a suitable power source. When power is applied, the PM295initiates a series of self tests. Upon completion of self tests, all the front panel LEDslight up for one second and indicate a one-digit diagnostic code. An ‘8’ representsnormal power up. If a different diagnostic code continually appears when you applypower to the instrument, contact your local distributor. For error codes, refer toSection 3.4.

Upon power up, the PM295 assumes the operational mode.

3.2 Operational Mode

3.2.1 Front Panel Operation

Operational mode is the default mode of the instrument, in which measurementreadings appear in the 11 windows on the front panel display. Various displayformats can be selected using the front panel keypad. Figure 3-1 shows the frontview of the instrument.

Figure 3-1 PM295 Front View

Operating The PM295 31

The instrument keypad consists of four membrane long-life push-buttons allowingthe user to perform all of the front panel functions. The following descriptions detailthe keys and their functions in operational mode.

UP ARROW t Scrolls display pages forwardDOWN ARROW u Scrolls display pages backwardSELECT Enters programming modeENTER Toggles the display between main and subpage level

When a key is pressed, it is entered into a key register, which may be polled throughcommunications.

3.2.2 Selecting a Display Page

The instrument provides a total of 55 display pages, which can be accessed on thetwo display levels: six pages on the main level, and the remaining pages - on thesub-page level. The active page number is indicated on the display. It illuminatescontinuously when you are on the main level, and flashes when you enter the sub-page level. At power up, the instrument always returns to the page that was lastdisplayed.

To scroll through pages on either level:

Ä Press the up arrow key to scroll forward.

Ä Press the down arrow key to scroll backward.

To enter the subpage level:

Ä Press ENTER.

To return to the main level:

Ä Press ENTER once more.

3.2.3 Display Formats

Appendix A specifies all of the pages available for operational mode. Each page islisted with a corresponding front panel display.

The display illustrations indicate the measurement data that can be viewed on acorresponding display page, and the abbreviated window labels and page numbersthat appear on display exactly as indicated in illustrations. The measurement data isindicated using a plain style, and the window labels and page numbers are accented


by a boldface. Sub-pages are referred to by the corresponding page number followedby the sub-page number.

Table A-1 in Appendix A contains a cross reference to display pages and lists allparameters that can be accessed via the front panel display with their respectivelocation and available resolution.

3.3 Programming Mode

3.3.1 Front Panel Operation

Programming mode allows the user to configure the instrument for a particularapplication, and to perform protected management functions such as the resetting ofthe data keeping registers and the setting of RTC.

Password ProtectionProgramming mode has various levels of authorization to provide safeguardsagainst unauthorized changes in the instrument setup configuration:

• view level non-protected level: can view all setups and list configurationparameters. No changes allowed. No password needed.

• protected level can view/modify setups and perform management functions(reset, RTC update)

• superuser level- privileged level: all functions allowed at the protected levelplus user protection override. This level is intended forservice procedures, and is not normally accessed by the user.It is protected by the factory set superuser password.

Entering the protected level is protected by the user password. The user can setpassword, and disable or enable password control. With password control disabled,the user enters the protected level without password checking.

NOTEThe instrument is shipped with password protection disabled. To restore passwordprotection, the user should explicitly enable password control from thePASSWORD PROTECTION CONTROL menu (see below).

F When password protection is enabled, the instrument automaticallyprompts for the password when you attempt to access the protectedlevel. Store your password in a safe place. If you do not provide thecorrect password, you will need to contact your local distributor forthe superuser password to override password protection.


MenusManual operation of the instrument in programming mode is performed throughmenus.

The following sections in this chapter specify all of the menus available for theinstrument programming via the front panel. Each PM295 menu is listed with acorresponding front panel display. Menus that require values to be input show theapplicable range limits. A map illustrating the instrument menus is provided inSection 3.3.3.

Display in Programming ModeMenus normally appear in windows 4 through 6, where menu items are indicated.Each window can represent one of three types of display controls:

• static window - a labeled window identifying the displayed menu. Staticwindow may not be accessed with the front panel keys.

• button-window - a labeled window allowing the user to perform an action, toenter or quit a menu. Button-window acts as labeled buttonand displays an abbreviated character label of the action ormenu entry.

• edit-window - a window used in defining a parameter requiring a numeric orcharacter input. Edit-window allows the user to select apredefined value from an associated list or enter a number fora numeric parameter.

All of the key operations relate to the currently active window, which is accented byflashing.

Keys in Programming ModeThe following details the keys and their functions in programming mode:

UP ARROW t Scrolls values forward in the active windowDOWN ARROW u Scrolls values backward in the active windowSELECT Scrolls through menu windowsENTER Accepts a value entered in the active window, or runs action

indicated in the active window


3.3.2 General Operations

Selecting a WindowAn active window is selected by scrolling through menu windows until the targetwindow flashes. Pressing SELECT advances you to the next window.

To select a desired window:

Ä Press SELECT until the window you want to activate flashes.

Selecting and Entering ValuesThe value in the active window is selected with the up/down arrow keys. When thewindow represents a list of menu entries or a list of parameters, the up/down arrowkeys provide scrolling through a list of applicable options. When a windowrepresents a numeric value, the up/down arrow keys provide adjustment of thenumber to the desired value.

To scroll through a list of parameters or to adjust a number:

Ä Press the up arrow key to scroll values in the window forward.

Ä Press the down arrow key to scroll values in the window backward.

To enter the selected value:

Ä When desired item or value appears in the window, press ENTER.If the value in the currently active window is selected correctly, after pressing ENTER, youwill exit the window. If the window is still flashing, then the value is entered incorrectly orincompatible with other setup parameters. Check the value for applicable range and forcompatibility with previously specified parameters.

To leave the value in the window unchanged:

Ä Press SELECT to move to another window.

Accelerating the Display UpdatesWhen you press and release the up or down arrow key, the numeric value currentlydisplayed in the active window changes by incrementing or decrementing the rightmost digit.

When you press and hold the key, the value changes at accelerated rate that willdepend on the time while you hold the key pressed. For the first 5 seconds, the valueis updated twice per second, and then the updating rate is accelerated up to eighttimes per second. Later on, every 5 seconds, the window position being updated ismoved one digit left.


3.3.3 Menu Map

Figure 3-2 shows a map illustrating the PM295 menus. Setup groups are accessedvia 13 primary menus that are selected by main menu entries. For setup groups, amap shows the abbreviated labels of menu entries accented with boldface. Primarymenus can have enclosed secondary menus and sub-menus. Menu dependentinformation is provided in this manual for each setup group individually.

To enter the main menu, you should select an access mode that specifies anauthorization level for setup operation. Entering the view level allows you to inspectall setups, but does not permit changes in setup configuration. To change setupparameters, you should enter the main menu at the protected level. If passwordprotection is enabled, you will be prompted to enter a password.

3.3.4 Entering/Quitting Programming Mode

To enter programming mode from operational mode:

Ä Press SELECT.

The first menu you enter from operational mode provides a selection of theACCESS LEVEL for setup operation. The menu has three entries indicated bylabeled button-windows, as shown in the following illustration. The SEE entry letsyou pass into the view level, allowing to inspect the present setup configuration. TheCHG entry lets you pass into the protected level allowing the changing ofprogrammable setups and the performing of management procedures.

SEE

CHG

ESC

To enter the view level:

Ä Press SELECT to choose the SEE window.

Ä Press ENTER.

To enter the protected level:

Ä Press SELECT to choose the CHG window.

Ä Press ENTER.

To quit programming mode and return to operational mode:

Ä Press SELECT to choose the ESC window.

Ä Press ENTER.


PASSWORD MAINMENU

BASIC SETUP

SERIAL PORTSETUP

Port

bASc

dinP

DISCRETEINPUT SETUP

Cnt

COUNTERSETUP

Aout

AEPn

ANALOG OUTPUTSETUP

PulS

SEtP

ALARM/EVENTSETPOINTS

t-r

TIMER SETUP

rtc

RTC SETUP

diSP

rSt

RESET/CLEAR

AccS

PROTECTIONCONTROL

SELECT

PASSSEE

CHG

ESC

OOOO

bASc

ESC

DATE FORMAT

PULSING RELAYSETUP

ANALOG EXP.SETUP

ACCESSLEVEL

Figure 3-2 Menu Map


3.3.5 Entering the Password

The PASSWORD menu appears when you enter the programming mode at theprotected level while password protection enabled. If you enter an incorrectpassword, you will return to the previous menu.

The upper menu window is a static menu label. A password is entered into thesecond edit-window. A password is four digits long. Each digit in the passwordwindow can be selected individually. When you enter the PASSWORD menu, thefirst password digit is currently accessible.

PASS

0000

To enter a password:

Ä Set the first digit with the up/down arrow keys.

Ä Press SELECT to advance to the next digit.

Ä Set the second digit with the up/down arrow keys.

Ä In the same manner, set the other password digits.

Ä Press ENTER.

3.3.6 Selecting the Setup GroupThe setup parameters are organized into 13 groups accessed via primary menus. Theuser enters a setup primary menu from the MAIN menu shown below.

The MAIN menu consists of two button-windows. The upper window displays a listof the primary menu entries. For the entire list of the setup menus and menu labels,refer to a map shown in Figure 3.2. The lower labeled button-window allows theuser to return to the previous menu.

ESC

bASc To select a setup group:

Ä Ensure that the upper window is currently active (it mustflash). If it is not, press SELECT.

Ä Scroll through menu entries with the up/down arrow keysuntil the label of the desired setup group appears.

Ä Press ENTER.To quit the main menu:


Ä Press ENTER.


3.3.7 Basic Setup

Select the bASc entry from the MAIN menu and press ENTER.

Basic setup specifies the general operating characteristics of the instrument, such aswiring mode, input scales, the size of the RMS averaging buffer, etc. The BASICSETUP menu uses three windows: the upper window is a menu label, the secondwindow displays a list of the setup parameters, and the lower window is the edit-window allowing the user to view and change the indicated parameter. Table B-2 inAppendix B lists all basic parameters with the corresponding labels and applicableranges.

bASc

ConF

4L-L

To select and view a setup parameter:

Ä Ensure that the central window is currently active (it mustflash). If it’s not, press SELECT.

Ä Scroll through parameters with the up/down arrow keysuntil the label of the desired parameter appears. Theparameter value will be indicated in the lower window.

When the parameter value exceeds the number of places in the window, the high orderdigits are expanded to the left window providing a resolution up to 7 digits.

To change the setup parameter:

Ä Press SELECT to choose the lower window.

Ä Scroll through applicable values with the up/down arrow keys, until the desiredvalue appears.

Ä Press ENTER to return to the central window.

To leave the setup parameter unchanged:

Ä Press SELECT to return to the central window.

To quit the menu:

Ä Ensure that the central window is currently active. If it is not, press SELECT.

Ä Press ENTER to return to the MAIN menu.

NOTEThe actual changes in the basic setup configuration will be made after you exit theprotected level. The basic setup parameters are used as a reference for othersetups. Therefore, exit the programming mode after changes are made to thebasic setup configuration, before performing other setups.


3.3.8 Serial Port Setup

Select the Port entry from the MAIN menu and press ENTER.

Serial port setup specifies communications parameters that the PM295 needs tocommunicate with a master computer or a printer. The SERIAL PORT SETUPmenu operates the same as the BASIC SETUP menu (see above). Table B-3 inAppendix B lists all communications parameters with the corresponding labels andapplicable choices. For more information on communications operation, refer toChapter 5.

Port

Prot

ASCII

To select and view a setup parameter:

Ä From the central window, scroll through parameters withthe up/down arrow keys until the label of the desiredparameter appears. The parameter value will be indicated inthe lower window.

To change the setup parameter :


Ä Scroll through applicable values with the up/down arrow keys until the desiredvalue appears.


To quit the menu:

Ä From the central window, press ENTER to return to the MAIN menu.

3.3.9 Discrete Input Setup

Select the dinP entry from the MAIN menu and press ENTER.

The DISCRETE INPUT SETUP menu consists of four sub-menus, as shown in thefollowing illustrations:

S.InP

1.1.1.1.

1.0.0.0.

Statusinputs P.InP

0.0.0.0.

0.0.1.1.

Pulseinputs

0.0.0.0.

0.0.0.1.

An.SLAnalogoutputselector

E.Snc

0.0.0.0.

0.0.0.1.

Externalsynchro-nizationpulseinput


Each sub-menu uses three windows: the upper window lists sub-menu entries, twoothers indicate the allocation status of the eight discrete inputs for the selected inputgroup. Discrete inputs are numbered from the left to right: inputs #1 through #4 - inthe central window, and inputs #5 through #8 - in the lower window. The input stateof 0 indicates that the input is not allocated, and the state of 1 - that the input isallocated to the group. Each discrete input can be allocated individually. Forinformation on discrete input operation, refer to Section 4.8.

To select and view an allocation group setup:

Ä From the upper window, scroll through sub-menus with the up/down arrow keysuntil the label of the desired entry appears.

To change the discrete input allocation:

Ä Press SELECT to choose the desired discrete input.

Ä Set the input allocation status with the up/down arrow keys.

Ä Press ENTER to return to the upper window.

To quit the menu:

Ä From the upper window, press ENTER to return to the MAIN menu.

The illustrations above show an example of discrete inputs allocation. Here, inputs1-5 are allocated as status inputs, and inputs 7-8 are allocated as pulse inputs.Status inputs 1-2 are allocated to the 4-channel multiplexed analog output selector,and pulse input 8 is allocated for sensing the external synchronization pulse to useas a reference for demand interval measurements.

TROUBLESHOOTINGIf your setting is not accepted by the instrument, one of the following might be thecause:

• Make sure the status inputs and pulse inputs are not overlapping.• If you are allocating inputs for the analog output selector, check whether they

were allocated as status inputs.• If you are trying to allocate input for the external synchronization pulse, check

whether it was allocated as a pulse input.

NOTEIn the event that you re-allocate the discrete input allocated previously to theanalog output selector or external synchronization pulse, the prior allocation will beautomatically disabled.


3.3.10 Counter SetupSelect the Cnt entry from the MAIN menu and press ENTER.

The COUNTER SETUP menu consists of eight sub-menus, each meant for one ofeight counters. The upper window lists sub-menu entries, the central window listspulse inputs that can be connected to the counter, and the lower window displaysscale factor for the selected counter. For information on counter operation, seeSection 4.12.

Cnt1

InP1

1

To select and view a counter setup:

Ä From the upper window, select the desired counter withthe up/down arrow keys.

To connect a pulse input to the counter:

Ä Press SELECT to choose the central window.

Ä Select the input for the selected counter with the up/downarrow keys. The nonE entry disables external input

To change the scale factor for the counter:


Ä Adjust the scale factor for the counter with the up/down arrow keys. Theapplicable range is 1 to 9999. You can set the scale factor for the counterregardless of the counter input to provide counting of internal events.

To enter the changed parameter(s):


To quit the menu:


NOTEThe external input connected to the counter should be allocated as a pulse input.

3.3.11 Analog Output SetupSelect the Aout entry from the MAIN menu and press ENTER.

The ANALOG OUTPUT SETUP menu consists of 16 sub-menus, each meant forone of 16 multiplexed analog channels. The upper window lists sub-menu entries,the central window lists setup parameters for the selected analog channel, and the


lower window displays the value for the selected parameter. See Section 4.10 forinformation on analog output operation.

An 1

GrP

nonE

To select an analog channel setup:

Ä From the upper window, select the desired channel with theup/down arrow keys.

To view the analog channel parameters:


Ä Scroll through the list of parameters with the up/downarrow keys.

The following illustrations show what the parameter windows look like:

An 1

GrP

rt.Ph

Outputparametergroup

An 1

Out

U 1

Outputparame-ter name

An 1

Lo

0

Zero(low)scale

An 1

Hi

660

Full(high)scale

All measured parameters that can be assigned to the analog output channel areorganized in groups listed in Table B-4a (see Appendix B) with the correspondinggroup label. The analog output parameter is defined by both the parameter groupand parameter name within the group. All applicable parameters are listed in TableB-4b with their default zero and full scales.

NOTEWhen the analog scale value exceeds the number of places in the window, thehigh order digits are expanded to the left window giving a resolution up to 7 digits.If the value still exceeds the maximum available resolution, it is converted tohigher units (for instance, kW to MW) and a decimal point is placed in the windowto indicate the new measurement range.

To assign the parameter to the analog output channel:

Ä In the central window, select the GrP entry with the up/down arrow keys.

Ä Press SELECT to move to the lower window.

Ä Scroll through the group labels with the up/down arrow keys until the desirableentry appears.



Ä In the same way, select the Out entry and choose the output parameter. After thenew group has been selected, a list of output parameters starts from the firstparameter in the group.

To adjust the scales for the analog output channel:

Ä In the central window, select the Lo entry with the up/down arrow keys.


Ä Adjust the output zero scale with the up/down arrow keys.


Ä In the same way, select the Hi entry and adjust the output full scale.

To quit the current channel setup:

Ä From the central window, press ENTER to return to the upper window.

To quit the menu:


TROUBLESHOOTING

1. If your setup for either scale isn’t accepted by the instrument, check whetherthe low scale value does not exceed the parameter full scale.

2. The output scales for the signed power factor are set permanently in theinstrument and may not be changed via the front panel.

NOTE

Each time you change the output parameter for the analog channel, its zero andfull scales are set by default to the lower and upper parameter limits, respectively.If you want to restore the scales for any output to their default values, just changeand restore the output parameter.

3.3.12 Analog Expander Setup

Select the AEPn entry from the MAIN menu and press ENTER.

The ANALOG EXPANDER SETUP menu has 14 sub-menus for 14 extended analogchannels. The menu operates in the same way as the ANALOG OUTPUT SETUPmenu operates (see Section 3.3.11 above). Refer to Section 4.11 for information onanalog expander operation.


3.3.13 Pulsing Relay Setup

Select the PulS entry from the MAIN menu and press ENTER.

The PULSING RELAY SETUP menu consists of 4 sub-menus, each meant for oneof 4 relay outputs. The upper window lists sub-menus for relay outputs, the centralwindow lists available outputs for the selected relay, and the lower window displaysthe pulsing value in units per hour for the energy pulsing parameter. Availableoutputs for pulse relay are listed in Table B-5 (see Appendix B) with thecorresponding window labels. See Section 4.9 for information on relay outputoperation.

rEL.1

0

Ac.Ei

To select a relay output setup:

Ä From the upper window, select the desired relay with theup/down arrow keys.

To change the output parameter for the relay:


Ä Scroll through the list of outputs with the up/down arrowkeys until the desirable output label appears.

To change the number of unit-hours for energy pulses:


Ä Adjust the amount of unit-hours per pulse with the up/down arrow keys. Theavailable range is 1-9999.

To enter the changes made into setup:


To quit the menu:


TROUBLESHOOTINGIf your setup for the energy pulse output is not accepted by the instrument, checkwhether you specified the amount of unit-hours per pulse.


3.3.14 Event/Alarm SetpointsSelect the SEtP entry from the MAIN menu and press ENTER.

The EVENT SETPOINTS SETUP menu consists of 16 secondary menus that areaccessed via the primary menu entry. The primary menu is used to select one of the16 available setpoints and perform general control over a setpoint operation such asinspecting its current status, disabling a setpoint or setting up the new setpointconfiguration. Each secondary menu includes a set of 9 sub-menus that provideaccess to all of the setpoint configuration parameters. See Section 4.17 forinformation on setpoint operation.

Selecting the SetpointThe setpoint primary menu is shown in the illustration below. The upper windowlists available setpoints. The central window is a button-window indicating thepresent setpoint status and allowing the user to disable the setpoint or to replace theold setup with the new configuration. The lower window allows to exit the menu andreturn to the MAIN menu.

ESC

nonE

SP 1 To select a setpoint setup:

Ä From the upper window, select the desired setpoint labelwith the up/down arrow keys.

The central window shows the present setpoint status. 'nonE' indicates that thesetpoint is disabled; 'Set' indicates that the setpoint is active.

To view or change the setpoint configuration:

Ä From the upper window, press ENTER to enter the setpoint secondary menu.

To enter the changes made in the setpoint configuration into setup:


Ä Select the SEt command with the up/down arrow keys.


WARNINGWhen you make any changes in the setpoint configuration with the secondary menu (seebelow) and return to the primary menu, the changes you have made are notautomatically saved in the setup. You should save them with the Set command from theprimary menu prior to quitting the menu or moving to another setpoint.


TROUBLESHOOTINGIf the SEt command is not accepted by the instrument, then one of the setpointactions handles the relay prior allocated to output pulses. Return to the secondarymenu and re-assign relay output, then repeat the SEt command, or quit the menuand disable output pulses via the relay you want to re-allocate to a setpoint (seeSection 3.3.13), then repeat setup procedure for the setpoint.

To disable the setpoint:


Ä Select the nonE command with the up/down arrow keys.


To leave the setpoint setup unchanged:

Ä Press SELECT to quit the central window. To move to another setpoint, selectthe upper window. To quit the menu, select the lower window.

To quit the menu:


Ä Press ENTER to return to the MAIN menu.

Viewing and Changing the Setpoint ConfigurationTo view or change the setpoint configuration, you should enter the setpointsecondary menu via the primary menu entry as described above. Each secondarymenu consists of 9 sub-menus. They are accessed via the menu’s upper button-window that lists sub-menu entries. Sub-menus are divided into three types: 4 sub-menus for configuring up to 4 setpoint conditions, 4 sub-menus for configuring upto 4 setpoint actions, and one sub-menu for specifying the setpoint delays. Theillustrations below show what these sub-menus look like.

Cnd1

ConJ

Or

Setpointconditionsub-menu

Act1

tYPE

nonE

Setpointactionsub-menu

dEL

Unit

1 S

Delaysub-menu

In all sub-menus, the central window lists available setup parameters, and the lowerwindow displays the current setup value for the selected parameter.


To enter a sub-menu:

Ä From the upper window, select the sub-menu entry with the up/down arrowkeys.

Ä Press SELECT to enter the selected sub-menu. For instructions on operatingsub-menus, see the paragraphs below.

To quit the secondary menu and return to the primary menu:

Ä Press SELECT to choose the upper window.

Ä Press ENTER to return to the primary menu.

Viewing and Changing a Setpoint ConditionEach condition sub-menu displays the setup parameters for one of four setpointtriggers. For information on specifying setpoint triggers, refer to Section 4.17.3. Toenter a sub-menu, choose one of the entries Cnd1 to Cnd4 in the upper windowusing the up/down arrow keys, then press SELECT. The following illustrations showthe sub-menu windows:

Cnd1

ConJ

Or

Cnd1

GrP

rt.Hi

Cnd1

InP

cur

Cnd1

Cond

GE

Cnd1

On

3000

Cnd1

OFF

2950

Conjunctionoperation(Or/And)

Triggerparametergroup

Triggerparametername

Operatecondition(GE/LE Eq/nEOn/OFF nEU)

Operatelimit

Releaselimit

To view the trigger parameters:

Ä From the central window, scroll through the list of parameters with the up/downarrow keys. The lower window will display the current parameter setup.

All trigger parameters that can be used for setpoint operation are organized ingroups that are listed in Table B-6 (see Appendix B) with the corresponding grouplabel. The trigger parameter is defined by both the parameter group and parameter


name within the group. The setpoint trigger parameters are listed in Table B-7 withtheir applicable limits. Table B-8 shows abbreviated labels used for specifyingoperate conditions (greater or equal, less or equal, etc.).

NOTEWhen the operate or release limit value exceeds the number of places in thewindow, the high order digits are expanded to the left window giving a resolutionup to 7 digits. If the value still exceeds the maximum available resolution, it isconverted to higher units (for instance, kW to MW) and a decimal point is placedin the window to indicate the new measurement range.

To change the setpoint trigger:

Ä From the central window, select the GrP entry with the up/down arrow keys.


Ä Scroll through the applicable trigger groups with the up/down arrow keys untilthe desired entry appears.


Ä From the central window, select the InP entry with the up/down arrow keys. Thelower window will display the first trigger parameter in the selected group.


Ä Scroll through the applicable triggers with the up/down arrow keys until thedesired entry appears.


Ä In the same way, select the Cond entry and specify the operating condition forthe new trigger.

Ä If necessary, check the ConJ entry and fit the type of logical operation toconnect the current trigger to the list of setpoint conditions.

To change operate/release limits for a numeric trigger:

Ä From the central window, select with the up/down arrow keys the On entry tochange operating limit, and the OFF entry to change release limit.


Ä Scroll through the applicable values with the up/down arrow keys until thedesirable value appears.



To quit the sub-menu:


Viewing and Changing a Setpoint ActionEach action sub-menu displays the action type and action target for one of foursetpoint actions. To enter a sub-menu, select in the upper window one of entriesAct1 to Act4 with the up/down arrow keys, then press SELECT. The followingpictures illustrate the sub-menu windows.

To view the action parameters:

Ä From the central window, scroll through the list of parameters with the up/downarrow keys. The lower window will display the current parameter setup.

Act1

tYPE

rEL

Actiontype Act1

tArG

rEL.1

Actiontarget

For applicable action types and their appropriate targets, refer to Table B-9 (seeAppendix B). To specify setpoint actions, refer to Section 4.17.5.

To change the action type:

Ä From the central window, select the tYPE entry with the up/down arrow keys.


Ä Scroll through the applicable actions with the up/down arrow keys until thedesired label appears.


To change the action target:

Ä From the central window, select the tArG entry with the up/down arrow keys.


Ä Scroll through the applicable choices with the up/down arrow keys until thedesired label appears.





Viewing and Changing the Setpoint DelaysTo enter the delay sub-menu, select in the upper window the dEL entry with theup/down arrow keys, then press the SELECT key. For information on delaydefinition, see Section 4.17.4. The following illustrations show the sub-menuwindows:

dEL

Unit

1 S

Setpointconditionsub-menu

dEL

0

On d

Setpointactionsub-menu

dEL

0

OFFd

Delaysub-menu

To view the delay parameters:

Ä From the central window, scroll through the list of parameters with the up/downarrow keys. The lower window displays the current parameter setup.

To change the delay unit:

Ä From the central window, select the Unit entry with the up/down arrow keys.


Ä Using the up/down arrow keys select 1 S to specify delays in second units, or0.1 S to specify delays in 0.1 second units.


To change the delay value:

Ä From the central window, using the up/down arrow keys, select On d to specifythe operate delay, or OFF d to specify the release delay.


Ä Adjust the delay value with the up/down arrow keys. The applicable range foreither delay is 0-9999.





3.3.15 Timer Setup

Select the t-r entry from the MAIN menu and press ENTER.

The TIMER SETUP menu is shown in the illustration below. The upper window isthe menu label. The central window lists entries for four interval timers, and thelower window displays the timer interval in seconds for the selected timer. SeeSection 4.13 for information on timer operation.

When you enter the menu, the central window is currently active.

1

t-r

t-r 1

To select and view a timer setup:

Ä From the central window, select the desired timer with theup/down arrow keys. The lower window will display thecurrent timer interval setting.

To change the timer interval:


Ä Adjust the timer interval with the up/down arrow keys. The applicable range is 0to 9999 sec. Setting the interval to zero disables the timer run.


To quit the menu:


3.3.16 Real Time Clock Setup

To enter the setup menu, select the rtc entry from the MAIN menu and press ENTER.

The REAL TIME CLOCK SETUP menu consists of 3 sub-menus for viewing andsetting the time, date and day of week. The upper window lists menu entries, thecentral and lower windows display the RTC readings.

The RTC sub-menus are shown in the illustrations below. When you enter the RTCmenu, the first active menu is the HOUR menu allowing you to see or change thecurrent time setting.

To select and view other sub-menus:

Ä From the upper window, select the desired sub-menu with the up/down arrowkeys.


To quit the RTC menu:


Time IndicationThe time is displayed in the order of HH.MM.SS, where the hour and minute areshown in the central window, and seconds - in the lower window. The user can sethour and minute independently, and reset seconds to zero.

hour

HH.MM

SS

To update the hour or minute:

Ä Press SELECT to choose the desired item. The hour andminute indications are now frozen allowing you to adjustthem. The seconds are still being updated.

Ä Adjust the hour or minute indication with the up/downarrow keys.


To reset seconds:

Ä Press SELECT to choose the second's window.


Date IndicationThe date is displayed in the user selected way, for instance, as YY.MM.DD,MM.DD.YY, or DD.MM.YY, where the first two items are shown in the centralwindow, and the last - in the lower window. For instructions on setting the dateformat, see the next Section 3.3.17. The user can set each item independently.

dAtE

YY

DD.MM.

To update the date:

Ä Press SELECT to choose the desired item.

Ä Set the item using the up/down arrow keys.


Day of Week IndicationThe day of week is displayed in the lower window as follows:

Sun Sunday Πon Monday tuE Tuesday UEd Wednesday

thu Thursday Fri Friday SAt Saturday


dAY

Sun

To update the day of week:


Ä Select the day of week with the up/down arrow keys.


3.3.17 Date Format Setup

To enter the setup menu, select the DiSP entry from the MAIN menu and pressENTER.

The menu consists of 3 windows: the upper and central windows are the menulabels, and the lower window displays the current date format with three charactersdelimited by a dot, which specify the order of the day (d), month (n), and year (Y).For example, d.n.Y sets the date format to DD.MM.YY, n.d.Y to MM.DD.YY, andY.n.d to YY.MM.DD.

diSP

dAtE

n.d.Y

To set the desired date format:

Ä Press SELECT to choose the desired position.

Ä Select the appropriate item for the position with theup/down arrow keys.


To quit the menu:


3.3.18 Reset Functions

The RESET menu is visible only at the protected level. To enter the RESET menu,select the rSt entry from the MAIN menu and press the ENTER key. If you cannotenter the menu, then the reset functions are disabled in the BASIC SETUP (seeSection 3.3.7). The rSt parameter should be set to En to allow either reset.

The RESET menu consists of 3 windows: the upper window is the menu label, thecentral window lists available entries for reset/clear operations, and the lowerwindow is the command button. When you enter the menu, the central window is


currently active. The following labels are used to specify the data location to bereset/clear:

E.rEG Reset total accumulating energy registersd.rEG Reset total extreme demand registerstOU.E Reset the Time-of-Use System energy registerstOU.d Reset the Time-of-Use System extreme demand registersCnt Clear all countersLo.Hi Clear Min/Max log

rSt

E.rEG

do

To reset/clear the desired data:

Ä From the central window, select the data location entry tobe reset/clear with the up/down arrow keys.


Ä Press and hold the hold the ENTER key for about 5 secuntil the do label is replaced with the done. Then releasethe key to return to the central window.

To quit the menu:


3.3.19 Password Protection Control

The PASSWORD PROTECTION CONTROL menu is visible only at the protectedlevel. To enter the menu, select the AccS entry from the MAIN menu and pressENTER.

The menu consists of 3 windows: the upper window is the menu label, the centralwindow lists setup parameters for setting the user password and enabling ordisabling the password checking, the lower window displays the current setupconfiguration. When you enter the menu, the central window is currently active.

To view a password protection parameter:

Ä From the central window, select the desired entry with the up/down arrow keys.

To quit the menu:


3.3.19.1 Setting the Password

Ä From the central window, select the PASS entry with the arrow keys.


AccS

PASS

1234

To change the user password:


Ä Adjust the password with the up/down arrow keys. Thepassword is up to four digits long.


Store your password in a safe place. If you will not provide the correctpassword, you will need to contact your local distributor for the superuserpassword to override password protection.

Enabling/Disabling Password CheckingÄ From the central window, select the CtrL entry with the up/down arrow keys.

AccS

CtrL

OFF

To change the password protection mode:


Ä With the up/down arrow keys select OFF to disablepassword protection, and select On to enable passwordprotection.


3.4 Self-Test DiagnosticsThe PM295 periodically performs self-test diagnostics. If the instrument fails theself-test diagnostics, it discards the last measurement results, and an error code isdisplayed for one second on all LEDs. Error codes are listed in Table 3.1. Frequentfailures may be result of excessive electrical noise in the region of the instrument. Ifthe instrument resets itself continuously, contact your local distributor.

Table 3-1 Self-Test Diagnostic Codes

Diagnostic Code Meaning

1 ROM error2 RAM error3 Watch dog timer reset4 Sampling failure5 Out of control trap7 Timing failure8 Power up

56 Operation Techniques

4. Operation TechniquesThe following overview of the PM295 measurement and operation techniques isintended to provide an understanding of the way the instrument operates.

4.1 Sampling TechniqueThe input signals taken on the input terminals are sampled at two rates, in analternating fashion, to provide measurements at different frequency ranges. Forgeneral RMS measurements and disturbance monitoring, regular sampling isperformed simultaneously on 7 analog inputs (three voltages and four currents) at arate of 32 samples per cycle. The instrument continuously digitizes and acquiresdata and stores the results in memory. Analog data is stored in a recirculating bufferthat overwrites the oldest records with currently sampled data. Because acquireddata is not overwritten immediately, it is possible to capture data acquired prior to atrigger signal to provide pre- and post-event waveform analysis.

Sampling frequency is periodically accelerated from a general rate to an expandedrate of 128 samples per cycle to provide higher resolution for harmonicmeasurements. High-resolution waveforms are sampled simultaneously on 2 inputs,voltage and current, for a single phase, meaning that full three-phase harmonicmeasurements require three sampling laps.

4.2 Measurement ModesThe PM295 measurement capabilities include:

• real-time true RMS measurements• sliding averaging• time (demand) averaging• thermal averaging• minimum/maximum recording for all real-time measurements and demands

4.2.1 Real-time RMS Measurements

The PM295 measures the true RMS value of AC voltages, currents, and powers fornon-sinusoidal signals with harmonic components up to order 15. All measurementsare performed over one cycle of the sensed waveform. Either real-time measurementis available for monitoring and setpoint operation.

Operation Techniques 57

4.2.2 Averaging

To split peaks, the PM295 offers a number of techniques for averaging real-timequantities. Two main techniques are used: sliding averaging performed over thepredefined number of measurements, and time averaging performed within thepredefined demand interval.

Sliding averaging is applied to all real-time quantities except harmonic spectrummeasurements. The PM295 allocates storage registers (buffer) for each calculatedquantity sufficient to store the last 8, 16, or 32 measurements. These measurementsrepresent a sliding window that slides one step forward after each subsequentmeasurement. At the end of each measurement, the oldest entry in the storage isdiscarded, and the averaging is performed on the newest set of measurements. Theuser can define the number of entries for averaging depending on industrialconditions.

Time averaging is applied to phase voltages, currents, and all total powers. Theinstrument uses three techniques of time averaging: block interval demand, slidingwindow demand, and thermal demand. For each method, calculations are performedwithin the user-defined DEMAND PERIOD. The measured quantity is integrated inthe demand storage register over a fixed time period as unit-second value. At the endof the interval, the accumulated value is converted to watt, var, volt-ampere, volt,and ampere demand values. They are stored in separate set of present demandregisters, and the accumulating registers are cleared before accumulating values forthe next demand interval.

4.2.3 Minimum/Maximum Logging

Standard Min/Max LogThe PM295 provides automatic recording of the extreme values for all real-timequantities (except real-time harmonics) and demands measured by the instrument.The minimum and maximum values for each parameter are recorded independentlywith date and time stamp at a 1 second resolution.

The maximum demand readings can be viewed via the front panel of the instrument.The others can be accessed via communications.

When a new minimum or maximum value is detected, the instrument announces aninternal event that can be used as a trigger for operating setpoints.


Programmable Min/Max LogFor the real-time harmonic quantities, the PM295 provides 16 programmableMin/Max log registers. The user can allocate these registers to any of the 16harmonic parameters, and the instrument will continuously monitor them allowingthe corresponding minimum and maximum values to be logged.

Programmable Min/Max registers operate in the same manner as standard registers,and can be accessed and cleared in the same way.

Resetting the Min/Max LogAll the minimum/maximum keeping registers, either for real-time parameters orextreme demands, can be cleared separately via the front panel, communications, orby a programmable setpoint. Through communications, reset can be madeconcurrently in all instruments connected to a master computer, if the broadcastmode is used.

4.3 Demand Measurements

4.3.1 Demand ReadingsThe PM295 provides demand measurements for active (kW), reactive (kvar) andapparent (kVA) power over all three phases, and volt and ampere demands perphase. All demand readings are represented by a positive number.

Active power demand is calculated for positive power only. When the instrumentdetects reverse energy, no demand calculations are made (negative demand is nottaken into consideration).

Reactive power demand is calculated for bi-directional power, without taking intoconsideration power sign, and will represent integral energy flow through load,either inductive or capacitive.

Voltage and ampere demand calculations are always made using the sliding windowtechnique. Power demands are calculated using block interval, sliding window andthermal averaging techniques.

4.3.2 Block Interval DemandFor block interval demand, calculations are completed at the end of each subsequentdemand interval (see Section 4.2.3), and the result is used as the new present valuefor the extreme demands evaluation. This method is similar to the way mechanicaldemand meters operate. The billing demand period is defined for block intervaldemand by the DEMAND PERIOD parameter. For long demand intervals, block


interval demand could represent the value that will be less than the actual peakdemand of the load, thus enabling the electricity consumer to manipulate the load forlimited periods within the demand interval.

4.3.3 Sliding Window Demand

For sliding window demand, calculations are made upon techniques described abovefor sliding averaging. The billing demand interval (demand window) is defined as anumber of short subsequent demand intervals. The PM295 allocates demand storageregisters sufficient for the required number of demand intervals. At the end of thepresent demand interval, the information on the oldest demand interval in thedemand window is discarded, and the sliding window demand is calculated asaverage on the newest set of demand intervals.

Note that sliding window demand is updated as block demand calculated at the endof each demand interval. The billing demand period is defined for the slidingwindow demand by two programmable parameters as DEMAND PERIOD ×NUMBER OF DEMAND PERIODS.

4.3.4 Thermal Demand

The thermal demand technique is applied to all measured total powers. This methodis similar to the way electro-mechanical thermal demand meters operate. The three-phase thermal maximum demand measuring element comprises a thermally laggedpower demand pointer with an exponential response to a step change ininstantaneous power load. The PM295 uses numerical techniques to approximatethe thermal response characteristics of the thermal measuring element. A changingload is approximated by a series of step changes in load by calculating instantaneouspower load at regular 1 second intervals. The thermal demand algorithm used allowsto calculate the thermal response with high accuracy, even for fast changing loads.

For thermal demand calculations, the billing demand period is defined as for thesliding window demand: DEMAND PERIOD × NUMBER OF DEMAND PERIODS.The additional parameter needed to be defined by the user is a THERMAL TIMECONSTANT of the simulated thermal element. A thermal time constant depends onbilling demand interval and on the electricity tariff rules applied by the power utilitycompany.

In countries where thermal demand metering is still used, thermal demand metersmay have a thermal time constant such that, for a step change in instantaneous loadfrom 0 to 100%, the thermal demand pointer will reach 99%, or 63% of its final


value after billing demand interval expired. The PM295 allows the user to adjust athermal time constant in intervals of 1 to 3600 seconds with 0.1 second steps tomatch the power utility requirements. The following formula is used to define athermal time constant for your application:

τ =

−

t

ln100

100 S%(t)where

τ - thermal time constant, sect - billing demand interval, sec (demand interval × number demand intervals)S%(t) - the level that the thermal demand pointer will attain at the end of billing

demand interval, expressed in percentage of the steady-state value

To approximate meters with S%(t) = 63%, the thermal time constant is consideredto be equal to the billing demand interval, that is, τ = t, taken in seconds. Forexample, using a 15-minute billing demand interval, the thermal time constant is 900seconds, and using a 30-minute demand interval - 1800 seconds.

For thermal demand meters with S%(t) = 99%, the thermal time constant will be195.4 seconds using a 15-minute billing demand interval, and 390.9 seconds using a30-minute billing demand interval.

4.3.5 Accumulated and Predicted Demands

The PM295 offers two evaluated parameters for power load control using predictedchanges in power demand: accumulated demand, and predicted sliding windowdemand. They are calculated for all total powers.

Accumulated demand is the average power consumption over the fixed demandperiod, which is continually updated as power is being consumed during the demandperiod. Actually, accumulated demand is calculated from the consumed energy beingintegrated in the block interval demand storage register (as described in Section4.2.3) that is divided by the constant demand period. Thus, at any point during thedemand period, accumulated demand represents the value proportional to theconsumed energy converted to kW, kvar or kVA units. At the beginning of eachdemand period, accumulated demand is reset to zero. When power is beingconsumed, accumulated demand grows up to the maximum value, which isevaluated to block interval demand at the end of the demand period.


Accumulated demand can be checked for maximum demand allowed to trigger asetpoint at the moment when the actual demand has exceeded the predefinedthreshold and prior to the end of the demand interval, when only the new maximumdemand value will be calculated.

Predicted sliding window demand is a predicted value that a sliding windowdemand will reach at the end of the present demand interval, assuming theinstantaneous power load will not change. Predicted demand is updated as newinstantaneous power is measured, and reflects changes in power load as they occur.It is calculated as average on the prior calculated set of partial block intervaldemands (N-1, assuming N = number of demand intervals in the sliding window),and on the predicted value for the present demand interval that is extrapolated to itsend, considering power integrated from the beginning of the interval andinstantaneous power being measured.

Due to extrapolation, predicted sliding window demand is very sensitive to theduration of the interval over which extrapolation is made. The predicted demanddeviation might be slightly increased near the beginning of the demand intervalwhere a base for extrapolation is too small.

In the event that sliding demand window comprises a solitary demand period (N =1), the prediction will be made at any moment considering only present accumulateddemand and measured instantaneous power.

4.3.6 Demand Interval Measurement

For the demand period measurements, one of two time references can be used: theinstrument’s internal timer, or external time synchronization source giving a timingpulse at the start of each demand interval.

Volt/Ampere Demand IntervalFor the volt and ampere demand calculations, demand interval measurements useinternal timer as a reference. The demand period is defined directly by the user from1 to 1800 seconds. The demand interval duration and the number of demandintervals are calculated by the instrument from the billing demand period. Themaximum number of entries in the demand window is 30. Up to a 30 second billinginterval, voltage and current demands are updated each second, assuming a onesecond partial demand interval. Update time will then be increased proportionally tothe expansion of the demand period.


The start of the demand interval is not synchronized to internal clock or externalsource. In the event of loss of power, or when any demand parameter is changed bythe user, the instrument immediately begins to measure the first normal demandinterval. This moment is considered to be a time base reference for any subsequentdemand interval measurements.

Power Demand IntervalFor power demands, demand interval measurements can use internal real-time clock(RTC), or an external source as a time reference.

When using the internal RTC, the demand period time is defined by the user from 1and up to 60 minutes in preset intervals. For the external source, the external pulsesensed via an instrument discrete input denotes the start of the new demand interval.The number of demand periods for the sliding window technique can be definedfrom 1 to 15, for either time reference.

Using internal time base, the start of each demand period is always synchronizedwith the beginning of the nearest round interval divisible by the demand period,considering the instrument’s RTC readings. In the event of loss of power, orchanging any demand parameter, the instrument immediately begins a new shorterdemand interval until the first synchronization. For instance, considering demandinterval time being 15 minute, if power up occurred at 13:37, than firstsynchronization will be made at 13:45, and be handled at the end of each following15 minute interval.

The demand interval duration may by slightly shortened or prolonged by RTC timeupdate. In all cases, the demand interval will be terminated at the nearest roundboundary, assuming new RTC readings. The power demand calculations will bealways correct.

4.3.7 Resetting the Demands

The demand minimum/maximum keeping registers can be cleared simultaneously viathe front panel, communications, or by using a programmable setpoint. The demandaccumulating registers and demand interval synchronization are never affected byreset, so the user can reset the extreme demands at any point within the demandinterval without the risk of tampering with demand measurements.

IMPORTANT1. All the demand accumulating registers are always cleared in the event of power up and

when any demand parameter is changed by the user. These do not affect the demandminimum/maximum keeping registers.


This moment is also assumed to be a time base for following volt/ampere demandinterval measurements.

2. Starting immediately, the first shorter demand interval is not considered for the demandmeasurements, and used exclusively for starting synchronization, for either internal orexternal time base source. Readings for demands that refer to block interval demandtechniques, are not updated until the end of the second demand interval, except for theaccumulated demand. For demands that refer to sliding window techniques, readingsare not updated until the end of the first sliding window billing period, without taking intoconsideration the starting demand interval.

Until the end of the first demand interval, the accumulated demand readings will belower than those calculated over the entire demand interval. Predicted demandreadings (in the event that the demand window comprises a solitary demand interval)will give prediction at the later time than the present shorter interval will be terminated.

3. When the external synchronization source is used, for the first time after changing thedemand setup and after power up, the demand interval will have a maximum valueallowed of one hour. Until the second synchronization pulse, the accumulated demandreadings will be incorrect, and predicted demand readings will provide a prediction atthe later or shorter time.

4.3.8 Demand Interval Pulse

The PM295 can provide a timing pulse indicating the beginning of new demandinterval for consumer use. It can be used as synchronous time reference for otherinstruments that have no internal demand interval synchronization.

The beginning of the demand interval is also asserted in the instrument as an internalevent that can be used to trigger a setpoint (e.g., to synchronize self-readings withdemand interval, or to operate relay output in customized order).

4.4 Energy Measurements4.4.1 Measurement Modes

Energy parameters are calculated from the corresponding instantaneous total powersfor all three phases. The PM295 provides energy measurements for active (kWh),reactive (kvarh) and apparent (kVAh) energy. For active and reactive energy, fourmeasurement modes are available:

• imported (positive) energy - consumed kWh/inductive kvarh. Readings arerepresented by a positive number

• exported (negative) energy - returned (reversed) kWh/capacitive kvarh.Readings are represented by a negative number


• net energy - the sum of imported and exported energy considering their sign.Readings will represent difference between imported and exported energykeeping the sign of the higher absolute value

• total energy - the sum of the absolute values of imported and exportedenergy. Readings are always represented by a positive number indicatingintegral power flow through load

For apparent energy, only total energy measurements are considered.

Energy readings can be in the range of 0 to ±999,999,999 kWh/kvarh/kVAh.Beyond the maximum value, energy readings will wrap to zero.

4.4.2 Resetting the Energies

All the energy accumulating and keeping registers can be cleared simultaneously viathe front panel, communications, or by a programmable setpoint. By usingcommunications in broadcast mode, reset can be performed concurrently in allinstruments connected to a master computer.

The date and time of the last reset can be read via the instrument’s front panel.

4.4.3 Energy Pulsing

Each of four relays can be configured to provide the following pulses:

• kWh imported• kWh exported (returned)• kWh total

• kvarh imported (inductive)• kvarh exported (capacitive)• kvarh total

• kVAh total

The number of unit-hours per pulse can be configured from 1 to 9999.

4.5 Harmonic Measurements

4.5.1 Measurement Technique

Harmonic measurements are taken using on-board performed FFT analysis. TheFFT analysis is based on sophisticated sampling techniques using the samplingfrequency and the time window being exactly synchronized with the fundamentalfrequency. The frequency filtration circuit provides very high accuracy of thefundamental frequency measurements. High sampling rate of 128 samples per cycleallows for on-board evaluation of harmonics up to 40th (with accompanyingsoftware those can be extended up to 63rd).


Fourier analysis is performed on four full waveform cycles providing a harmonicspectrum resolution of 1/4 of the fundamental frequency, so harmonic magnitudesare not falsified by adjacent frequencies. Due to simultaneous sampling of voltageand current waveforms on each phase, harmonic voltages and currents are evaluatedwith their respective phase angles providing calculations of harmonic powers andpower factors. Using certain techniques, those can help the user determine thedirection of harmonic power flow and to assess harmonic impedances at differentlocations on the network.

4.5.2 Harmonic Parameters

Harmonic quantities for which the PM295 provides on-board measurements include:

• phase voltage and current total harmonic distortions (real-time and average)• phase K-Factors (real-time and average)• real-time phase voltage and current harmonics up to 40th• real-time phase harmonic voltages and currents for odd harmonics up to 39th• real-time harmonic total powers (active and reactive) for odd harmonics up to

39th• real-time harmonic power factors for odd harmonics up to 39th.

Total harmonic distortions (THD) and K-Factors are calculated over the first 40harmonics.

NOTES1. In 4-wire connections using either 4Ln3 or 4LL3 wiring mode, harmonic

voltages will represent line-to-neutral voltages. In a 3-wire direct connection,harmonic voltages will represent line-to-neutral voltages that arise on thePowermeter's input transformers. In a 3-wire open delta connection, harmonicvoltages will comprise only L12 and L23 line-to-line voltages.

2. Harmonic measurements for phase currents are provided only for those thatare present on the instrument’s inputs.

3. Total harmonic powers and power factors will be calculated correctly in allwiring configurations except of a 3-wire direct connection with two currents. Ifthe third current is also supplied, these calculations will be provided correctlytoo.

For harmonic calculations, each subsequent measurement provides processing of oneinput, so that total three-phase harmonic measurements for 6 inputs might requiremore than one second.


All harmonic parameters, except phase voltage and current harmonics, can be readvia the front panel. Either harmonic parameter can be accessed throughcommunications and used as a trigger for setpoint operation.

4.5.3 Real-time Waveform Capture

The real-time waveforms sampled at a rate of 128 samples per cycle that is used inthe instrument for harmonic measurements can be captured and transmitted viacommunications to a master PC for more detailed harmonic analysis. Twowaveforms (voltage and current) for a single phase can be captured together at thetime of an incoming request, and will be held in the communications buffer until thenext request for waveform capture.

NOTES1. For voltage waveforms, see NOTE 1 in the previous paragraph.

2. For a 3-wire connection, sampled waveforms may not be used for calculation of powerharmonics on separate phase.

Notice that high-resolution waveforms are not synchronized between differentphases, so you cannot use those for inter-phase harmonic measurements.

4.6 Auxiliary Measurements

4.6.1 Voltage and Current Unbalance

For both voltage and current, the PM295 provides calculation of the unbalance asthe largest deviation of the measured phase values expressed in percentage of thephase average value. These are calculated as follows:

V VVavg

max min− ×100%Im Imax in

Iavg− ×100%

where:

Vmax (Imax) - the greatest phase voltage (current)Vmin (Imin) - the lowest phase voltage (current)Vavg (Iavg) - average phase voltage (current)

Unbalance readings for voltage and current are accessible via the front panel,communications, and can trigger setpoint operations.


4.6.2 Calculated Neutral Current

For 4-wire connections, the PM295 provides calculation of the neutral current,which comprises the current that returns through the neutral conductor along withthe ground leakage. The range of measurement is the same as for phase currents.The parameter is accessible via the front panel and communications, and can triggera setpoint.

In the event of a 3-wire connection, the neutral current is not calculated.

4.6.3 Auxiliary Current Input Operation

The PM295 has an auxiliary current input option (upon order) that allows anadditional current to be measured with independent user-defined scaling. TheAUXILIARY CT PRIMARY CURRENT is specified by the user. The auxiliarycurrent reading is accessible via the front panel and communications, and can beused as a trigger for setpoint operation.

An auxiliary current input option can be ordered with the secondary rating for theexternal CT with a 5 mA, 1 A, or 5A full scale secondaries.

Ground Leakage MeasurementsThe auxiliary input is typically used for ground leakage measurements with a 5 mAfull scale secondary rating. The current readings will be in mA units.

Direct Neutral Current MeasurementsBy using the option with the secondary rating of 1 A or 5 A, the auxiliary currentinput can be used to measure the current in the neutral or ground conductor. Thiswill cause the readings to be displayed in Ampere units.

4.6.4 Frequency Measurements

Frequency measurements are the base for all real-time measurements provided bythe PM295. Frequency measurements are taken using the phase A and C voltageinputs. At least one of these inputs must be provided for the frequency to bemeasured correctly.

The measurement sensitivity for stable frequency readings is about 30V RMS for660V input and 8V for 120V input. If the input signal is below the required level,the frequency will be displayed as zero. In this event, all measurements will be taken


assuming the last applicable frequency reading to provide sampling on the inputterminals, and for most applications, measurement data will therefore be incorrect.

As for other parameters, the PM295 provides both real-time frequency indicationand a sliding average value over the last eight measurements. The average frequencyreading can be viewed via the front panel, and either reading is accessible throughcommunications, and can trigger setpoint operations.

4.6.5 Phase Rotation

The PM295 provides indication of the phase rotation order: positive, negative, andfaulty (error). The positive order is considered to be the A-B-C (L1, L2, L3) phaseorder, and the negative - the C-B-A (L3, L2, L1) phase order.

A correct indication is provided for all wiring configurations, using either four-wireor three-wire connections. In the event of a 3-wire open delta configuration, thephase rotation order is defined using the phase A and C voltages.

The phase rotation order can be read via the front panel and used as a trigger forsetpoint operations.

4.6.6 Phase Angles

To assist the user in correct wiring of the phase voltage and current feeders to theinstrument inputs, the PM295 provides the user with indication of the relative phaseangle between voltage and current on each phase.

Angle readings can be viewed via the front panel only, and are given in the range of0 to 359°. The angle measurement accuracy is about ±1°.

NOTEAngle measurements are not applicable in the event of a 3-wire connection.

4.7 Time-Of-Use System

4.7.1 TOU System Operation

The Time-of-Use (TOU) system allows the user to measure energy usage andextreme (minimum/maximum) demands for up to 16 different tariffs using anarbitrary tariff structure. The user can easily customize the TOU system operationdepending on a billing scheme used.

The TOU system billing technique is based on the currently active annual calendarthat assigns for each day of the year the user-selected daily profile. The daily profile


defines tariff change points per day indicating the beginning of the new tariff. Whena tariff becomes active, the TOU system connects its cumulative and demandkeeping registers to prescribed inputs, so they will accumulate measured energy andstore extreme demands during the entire tariff period.

The currently active tariff and profile numbers are accessible via communications,and can be used to trigger a setpoint.

For appropriate TOU system operation, the user must configure the TOU calendarand the daily profiles used, and to specify inputs for the TOU accumulating energyand demand registers. All the TOU system accumulating and configuration registersare accessible only via communications.

NOTEDaylight savings time is not considered. The user should manually perform time update inthe instrument at an appropriate date before daylight savings time becomes effective, andat daylight savings time ending.

4.7.2 TOU System Registers

Accumulating Energy RegistersEnergy measurements are provided for eight energy sources with a set of 8accumulating energy registers × 16 tariffs. Each of the energy registers, can beconfigured to accumulate kWh, kvarh, kVAh (imported, exported, net, or total)measured by the Powermeter, or to accumulate energy measured by external energy-counting meters.

All the TOU system accumulating energy registers can be cleared simultaneously viathe front panel, communications, or by a programmable setpoint.

Demand RegistersThree demand registers are provided for keeping minimum/maximum demandsduring each tariff period. Each demand register can be configured to store kW, kvaror kVA demand, calculated using either measurement technique provided by thePM295: block interval, sliding window, or thermal demand.

All the TOU system demand registers can be cleared simultaneously via the frontpanel, communications, or by a programmable setpoint.


4.7.3 TOU Calendars

The PM295 TOU calendars cover two full years with a one day resolution. For eachday, one of the 16 daily tariff profiles can be applied.

4.7.4 Daily Profiles

The PM295 provides up to 16 different daily profiles (types of days), each with upto 8 tariff change points per day. The daily start time for each tariff can be specifiedwith a 15 minute resolution.

4.7.5 Connecting with Energy-counting Meters

The PM295 is capable of sensing pulses via its discrete inputs from up to eightexternal energy-counting meters and to count them in a single or in eight differentenergy registers connected to the Time-of-Use System, using the same sixteen-tariffscheme.

4.7.6 Tariff Interval Pulse

The PM295 can indicate the beginning of a tariff time interval by a timing pulsethrough the instrument’s relay output.

Starting a new tariff interval is also considered to be an internal event, that cantrigger setpoint operation, for instance, in order to synchronize self-readings (datarecording) with beginning of a new tariff, or to indicate the beginning of a tariff timeinterval by energizing the appropriate relay.

4.8 Discrete Input OperationThe PM295 has eight optically isolated discrete inputs that can be configured by theuser to sense external contact status or pulses provided by the external sources.Each input is connected to a separate status or pulse latch to sense input level status,or level transition. The function of each discrete input is programmed by the user.

Status InputsTo be recognized by the instrument, the new input status level (open/closed) shouldbe asserted for at least 50 ms.

Either status input can be monitored via the front panel or communications, andused as a trigger for setpoint operation. Up to four status inputs from #1 to #4 canbe used as a selector of the output channel for the multiplexed analog output (see


below analog output operation). The user should explicitly configure the statusinputs to be used as an analog output selector.

Pulse InputsThe input pulse is recognized by the instrument at the negative input transition: open ⇒ closed. To be latched by the instrument, the pulse width should not be less than 50ms. The minimum pause allowed between successive pulses is 50 ms.

Signals from pulse inputs are held by the instrument and buffered for three types ofapplications, programmed by the user.

First, each pulse input can be connected to any of the 8 large-scale counters (seebelow counter operation) to count pulses with arbitrary scaling, and concurrently -to any of the 8 accumulating energy registers to count pulses from external energy-counting meters (see Section 4.7.5).

Second, each incoming pulse is asserted as external event, and can trigger a setpoint,so any available setpoint action can be made in response to external pulse.

Third, one of the pulse inputs can be configured to sense the externalsynchronization pulse in the event that external time reference is used for thedemand interval measurements (see Section 4.3.6)

Each of these applications is programmed in the instrument independently, i.e., eachpulse input can be configured for either application at the same time.

4.9 Relay Output OperationThe PM295 provides four relay outputs. For the relay ratings, see technicalspecifications in Chapter 6. The present relay status can be monitored via the frontpanel and communications, and used as a trigger for setpoint operation.

Each relay can be configured to be operated via a setpoint, or to output pulses.

Setpoint Activated RelayUsing a programmable setpoint, the user can activate (energize) or deactivate (de-energize) any relay output to provide alarm and control operations on externalequipment. Setpoint programming allows the user to close the relay contacts forprogrammable time interval, so the user can produce both level (status) and pulseoutput of an arbitrary duration upon predefined events.


Each relay can be operated through more than one setpoint. In this case, relay isoperated using an OR scheme, i.e., the relay is activated when at least one of thesetpoints handling the relay is operated, and the relay is released if there is no one ofthe setpoints operated.

Pulse Output RelayEach relay can be configured to output energy pulses, or to indicate by a pulse thebeginning of a demand or tariff interval (see above). The pulse width is about 100-200 ms.

NOTEA relay output may not be shared by independent applications, so allocating the samerelay for pulsing and setpoint operation is impossible. An attempt to reallocate any relayallocated for pulsing will have no effect. Reallocating a relay previously allocated for asetpoint, to output pulses will be admitted. In this case, the setpoint holding the same relayoutput will be automatically suppressed.

4.10 Analog Output Operation

Analog Output OptionsThe PM295 has one free-scalable current output 0-20/4-20 mA (upon order) thatprovides transmitting a current proportional to the measured quantity throughexternal load (current loop). The analog output is galvanically isolated and providedwith internal power source +24 V. The current loop resistance can be in the range of200-500 Ω.

The analog output has two modes of operation: non-multiplexed and multiplexed. Innon-multiplexed mode, the analog output is permanently assigned to a singleparameter. In multiplexed mode, the PM295 provides time-sharing of the analogoutput for up to 16 parameters.

Multiplexed Analog OutputThe analog output multiplexer is controlled by one to four status inputs, which mustbe allocated by the user as selectors for analog output if he wants to use itmultiplexed. The binary combination representing the output parameter number(output channel) should be provided by the user on status inputs to select the outputparameter.

Using a single status input, the user can obtain two multiplexed channels, with twostatus inputs - up to 4, with three status inputs - up to 8, and with four status inputs


- up to 16 multiplexed channels. For each channel, the measured quantity isspecified by the user. For the available parameters, see Table 1-1.

Switching the multiplexed channels takes approximately 200 ms. This does notinclude the measuring time, which will vary for different parameters.

If no status inputs are allocated for the analog multiplexer, the analog output will benon-multiplexed. In this case, the output parameter will be the one configured for theoutput channel #1.

Analog Output ScalesEach channel can be independently scaled for the certain parameter by specifying itslow (zero) and high (full) scales. The first will correspond to zero offset (0/4 mA),and the second - to the full scale (20 mA) current output. For the parameter scales,any value within the parameter range can be specified. The only exception is thesigned power factor, for which the output scales are set permanently to the range of-1.00 to 1.00, and the center of the scale corresponds to 1.00 as in electromechanicalpower factor meters. For analog parameter scales, refer to Table B-4b fromAppendix B.

For analog output current evaluation (except the signed power factor), use thefollowing conversion formula:

I analog =− × −

−( _ _ ) ( _ )

_ _Measured parameter Zero scale Zero offset

Full scale Zero scale20

To define measured parameter upon analog output current (except the signed powerfactor), use the next conversion:

Measured parameterFull scale Zero scale

Zero offsetZero scale_

( _ _ )_

_=× −

− +I analog

20

where:

I analog - analog output current, mAMeasured_parameter - measured value in appropriate engineering unitsFull_scale - user defined parameter high scale, engineering unitsZero_scale - user defined parameter low scale, engineering unitsZero_offset = 0/4 mA (factory set)


For the signed power factor, use the following conversion formulas.

For positive (lagging) power factor:

I analog = 20 - PFmeasured × (20 - Zero_offset)/2

For negative (leading) power factor:

I analog = Zero_offset - PFmeasured × (20 - Zero_offset)/2

When I analog ≥ (20 - Zero_offset)/2:

PFmeasuredZero offset

=− ×−

( )_

20 220

Ianalog

When I analog < (20 - Zero_offset)/2:

PFmeasuredZero offset

Zero offset= − ×

−( _ )

_Ianalog 2

20

4.11 Analog Expander OperationThe PM295 can provide extension of the internal analog output (up to 7 or 14analog outputs) by using one or two external analog expanders AX-7. The AX-7 isan external box, DIN rail mounted, that has seven current outputs (0-20/4-20 mA)and is connected to the Powermeter via a RS-422 communications link. It can sharethe same link with the master computer or PLC without interfering in theiroperations.

The AX-7 can be located at distances up to 1200 meters away from the Powermeterand close to the analog inputs of the PLC or other analog measuring device. For theanalog expander connection and operation, refer to publication “Analog ExpanderAX-7. User’s Guide”.

Each of the extended analog channels can be configured to output any parameterprovided by the PM295 for analog output, and can be scaled in the same manner asthe internal multiplexed analog output channels. When using two analog expanders,the output channels #1 to #7 will correspond to the first analog expander, andchannels #8 to #14 - to the second one.


4.12 Counter OperationThe PM295 provides 8 multi-function counters that can be used for differentpurposes. The counter readings are represented by a non-negative number in therange of 0 to 999,999,999. After the maximum value, the counter will rollover tozero. The present counter readings can be monitored through the front panel andcommunications, and used as triggers for setpoint operation. All counters can beindividually written or reset all together via communications.

The primary usage of the counters is the counting of incoming pulses. Each countercan be connected to one of the eight discrete inputs that should be configured aspulse input. Pulses are counted in the direct order only. The maximum rate of pulsesthe counter can follow is 10 Hz.

Each counter can be independently acted via a setpoint to count varying events, forinstance, to count the number of setpoint operations. The actions available areincrementing, decrementing the counter, and resetting the separate counter, or allcounters together. Counting events can be made in either direct (up to the maximumvalue allowed) or reverse (up to zero) order.

Each counter input can be independently scaled (weighted) by specifying a scalefactor in the range of 1 to 9999 units per pulse. This means that each counted pulseor setpoint action on the counter will add to or subtract from it the specified numberof units.

4.13 Timer OperationFour interval timers with a one-second resolution are provided by the PM295 forrepeated setpoint operations. The counting interval range for those is 1 to 9999seconds. The timer accuracy is about ±0.1 sec. The first time, the timer runsimmediately after the user specified a non-zero timer interval, and stops withannouncing the dedicated timer event when the interval expires. The next time, thetimer runs by a setpoint operation. Thus, the timer synchronization base might beaffected if the setpoint operation or release is delayed.

Each timer can be connected to a single setpoint in one of two ways: as a solitarycondition for the setpoint operation, or in conjunction with other conditions using anAND operation. In the first mode, the setpoint will be operated continuously atspecified intervals. In the second mode, called gated mode, the setpoint operationswill depend on the additional conditions, which can be any triggers allowed, exceptof events having pulse nature.


The setpoint will be operated continuously at specified intervals when the gatingconditions are fulfilled, and will be stopped when they are not. For example, the usercan perform time-gated data recording each 5 seconds for two hours from 8:00 to10:00, or generate pulses through relay output each one second with the pulseduration of 0.5 second to flash an alarm signal when high current on any phaseexceeds the predefined threshold, etc.

NOTEThe timer expiration is a volatile event. It can trigger the setpoint operation, but will becleared immediately as the setpoint is operated, to provide the next timer run. This willcause the setpoint to be released. The user may not trigger multiple setpoints with thesame timer, because the first of them will always intercept the timer event, and at the timethat other setpoints are checked, the timer event will simply not exist. To use the timerevent for multiple setpoints, you will need to hold the timer event using programmableevent flag, and than use the flag as a trigger.

4.14 User Programmable EventsEight user programmable events are provided by the PM295 for remote (manual)control over setpoint operations, and for more sophisticated setpoint programming.Each event can be asserted or cleared independently by setting (ON) or clearing(OFF) the dedicated event flag. The user can do that via communications, or by asetpoint action. Each programmable event can be used to trigger operation of anynumber of setpoints. For more information on using programmable events, seeSection 4.17.7 “Setpoint Programming Techniques”.

Manual Setpoint OperationsEach setpoint can be manually operated or released. To provide manual control overthe setpoint operations, the programmable event can be connected to the end of a listof the present setpoint conditions using an OR/AND tie. With an OR operation, amanual operate condition will be asserted when the user sets the event flag to ON.With an AND operation, a manual release condition will be asserted if the event flagis cleared. Two event flags can be used to provide both manual operate and releasecommands for the setpoint.

Binding the SetpointsThe event flags can be used to attach one setpoint to another when the number ofconditions for the setpoint operation or the number of the setpoint actions need to beenlarged. In both cases, the first setpoint in the chain should set some event flag, andthe others should monitor the event to be operated at the time the flag is set. The last


setpoint in the chain must clear the event for the setpoint chain to be operated oncemore. Any number of setpoints can be bound into a chain.

Holding Volatile EventsSome events that can trigger setpoint operations may not be continually stored in thePowermeter because of their volatile nature. Those are pulses sensed via discreteinputs, pulses generated by the Powermeter, and timer events.

The instrument latches a pulse until the setpoint checks it and clears the eventimmediately after that to provide a new event to be latched. If the user wants to bindsuch an event with other conditions to operate the setpoint, the event must be helduntil other setpoint conditions are fulfilled.

The timer event is cleared immediately after a setpoint is operated to provide thetimer to be run for the next lap. If the user wants to use it for operating multiplesetpoints, he must hold the timer event until the last setpoint is checked.

Using a programmable event flag, the user can store the volatile event by setting theflag by a dedicated setpoint, and then continuously monitor other conditions beingcombined with this flag to operate the setpoint at any time after the event occurred.

NOTES1. In the event of power loss, all programmable event flags will be saved. If any setpoint

has been forced operated or released using event flags, it will automatically return toits state prior to loss of power when power is restored.

2. The initial status of programmable event flags is undefined. It is thereforerecommended that the user brings an event flag to the expected state before using it.

4.15 On-Board Data RecordingThe PM295 is equipped with a large size extended memory module for on-boarddata recording. This is a nonvolatile 512K byte RAM with a battery back-up.Configuring the extended memory and accessing the memory partitions can be madeonly through communications. Use the PAS295 companion software to performoperations on extended memory.


Primarily, the extended memory is divided onto 19 free-programmable memorypartitions:

- one event logging partition- 16 data logging partitions- one partition for high-speed waveform logging (32 points × 16 cycles)- one partition for high-resolution waveform logging (128 points × 4 cycles)

Each partition is dedicated to a specific data format and occupies continuous blockof memory space. The size of each partition can be configured from zero and up tothe entire memory size, allowing the user to best utilize the available memory fordifferent applications. Existing memory partition may not be directly resized. If apartition need to be changed, it must be deleted and then allocated again with thedesired size and properties. At any time, the user can delete unused partitions inorder to expand the amount of memory to use by other partitions, and restore adeleted partition when he needs it.

NOTEAlthough any partition can be easily deleted, it is not recommended to completely deletethe event log partition, because in this case the instrument will have no possibility to recordevents regarding its operation and security.

Location of each partition in the memory module does not depend on its order in alist of partitions. Each time the user reconfigures the extended memory, theinstrument performs memory optimization to keep free memory space in onecontinuous block, by moving the existing partitions onto lower addresses. Due tothis technique, all free memory is always available for the user needs. Note thatwhile optimizing the memory, the instrument will not respond to incomingcommunications requests. In the worst case, it can take up to 1 second per 128Kbyte of memory.

For each partition, the user can select one of two modes of behavior when a partitionis filled up: wrap-around, or non-wrap. For a non-wrap partition, recording stopswhen the last record is written to the partition, so that a partition keeps the oldestrecords without overwriting previously recorded data. When the user wants torestore recording, he need clear the partition. For a wrap-around partition, recordingcontinues over the oldest records without pause, so that the partition will alwayskeep the most recent data, although old records might be lost.

Recorded data is always read in turn, in the same sequence that they were written.Each partition uses a dedicated pointer that points to the following available record.After the record is read, the pointer is shifted forward to the next record until the last


available record is read. In all cases of subsequent readings, the user will read thenewest records logged from the last time the partition was checked. At any time, theuser can restore the pointer to the partition’s origin record and repeat reading fromthe beginning. All recorded data is kept in the memory until the user explicitly clearsthe partition, or, with wrap-around partition, when new data overwrite the oldestrecords.

NOTEIn the event of loss of power, all partition pointers are saved.

To assist the user in planning the amount of memory to allocate to each memorypartition, Table 4-1 lists the record size for each partition. The user can evaluate thestorage required for keeping the amount of data he wants to have recorded.

Table 4-1 Memory Partition Record Size

Memory Partition Record Size in bytes

Event log 14

Data log 8 + 4 × (number of parameters in the record)

Waveform log 6240

Recordings into the extended memory are programmed by the user, and can be madeonly through the setpoint operation. The only exception is the case when theinstrument detects a situation that affects its operation, and performs self recordingof the event caused the situation.

The following sections describe operating of different memory partitions.

4.15.1 Event Logging

The event logging partition is meant to store data on different events concerning theinstrument performance and setpoint operations.

The PM295 performs self recording of all events affecting its operation, such aspower manipulations, hardware faults, self-check, front panel and communicationsactivity resulting in the instrument setup change. On power up and on setup change,the instrument always runs a self-check procedure to test all setups for limitsallowed and for compatibility with other configuration parameters. In the event thatthe instrument recognizes incorrect configuration, it automatically corrects the setupby clearing or truncating the damaged parameters. All manipulations with eithersetup parameter are automatically recorded in the event log.


Setpoint operations are not automatically recorded in the event log. If you want tohave such operations recorded, you should explicitly specify the event logging actionwhen programming the setpoint, and what kind of setpoint operations to be recorded:the setpoint activation, release, or both transitions. When such a setpoint is operatedor released, the instrument records the event operation and all subsequent setpointactions as separate events. The only exception is logging actions themselves that arenot recorded in the event log.

Each event log record keeps:

• date and time stamp (at one second resolution)• event cause identifying the event type• event origin identifying the point from where the event originates• log value - the value of measured parameter that triggered the setpoint• event effect identifying the action made on the event occurrence• event target identifying the point to which the event action is intended

4.15.2 Data Logging

The PM295 provides data logging in 16 independent memory partitions, eachprogrammable to record from 1 to 16 parameters per record. Each partition can bewritten independently allowing the user to record up to 256 parameters at once,when using all 16 partitions.

For each data log partition, the user should configure the record format byspecifying a list of parameters to be recorded. Any measured parameter can berecorded in the data log. For a list of available parameters, refer to Table 1-1.

Each data log record is date and time stamped at a 0.01 second resolution. Table 4-2shows an example of the maximum amount of data that can be recorded in the datalog partitions, using different memory modules for records with 1, 4, 8, and 16parameters, assuming the entire memory allocated for data log. By factory setting,the memory module is configured for 16 data log partitions, each for recording 16records with 16 parameters per record.


Table 4-2 Total Data Log Ability

Number of parameters per record Record size, byte

1 12

4 24

8 40

16 72

4.15.3 High-speed Waveform Logging

The high-speed waveform logging partition is primarily meant to store disturbedwaveforms upon operating the disturbance trigger. With this trigger, waveformcapture and recording can be made at one cycle resolution with respect to the event.When using the disturbance trigger, the user can specify the number of cycles to berecorded prior to the event occurrence. The number of post-event cycles will beadjusted automatically.

The user can run high-speed waveform logging on any other trigger, but allmeasured parameters can provide a much slower response, and the instrument maynot guarantee that the event that caused the trigger to operate will exist within thewaveform buffer at the time that waveform recorder runs. In this case, recordedwaveforms might provide only post-event data.

Each waveform log record stores at once 6 waveforms × 16 cycles (voltage andcurrent on all three phases) sampled simultaneously at a rate of 32 samples percycle. Each record is provided with date and time stamp at a 0.01 second resolution,and stores reference sampling frequency at which waveforms were sampled. Table4-3 shows the maximum amount of data that can be recorded in the waveform logpartition assuming the entire memory allocated for waveform log. By factory setting,the memory module is configured for storing 8 waveform records.

Table 4-3 Total Waveform Log Ability

Record size, byte Number of records Number of waveforms Memorymodule

6240 82 492 512 K


4.15.4 High-resolution Waveform Logging

The high-resolution waveform logging partition is meant to record waveformssampled at high frequency of 128 samples per cycle allowing to perform Fourieranalysis and harmonic distortion measurements with high resolution up to 63rdharmonic.

Waveform recording can run on any trigger. Recorded waveforms are not capturedat the time the event triggers recording. Because the high-frequency sampling runsperiodically, sampled waveforms are captured in the buffer whenever they weresampled, and recorded into the log partition at the time the setpoint runs waveformrecorder. Therefore, the high-resolution waveform recording may not providesynchronization between the event that caused the trigger to operate and the recordedwaveforms. Recorded waveforms might provide both pre-event and post-event data,or might not.

Each waveform log record stores at once 6 waveforms × 4 cycles (voltage andcurrent on all three phases) sampled at a rate of 128 samples per cycle. The voltageand current waveforms on each separate phase are always recorded synchronouslyand can be used for power harmonic measurements. Waveforms corresponding todifferent phases are not synchronized, and might be sampled with up to 0.5 secondinterim.

Each record is provided with date and time stamp at a 1 second resolution, andstores reference fundamental frequency, total harmonic distortion and real-timeRMS value for each input. The partition’s logging ability and factory setting are thesame as for the high-speed waveform log partition (see above).

4.16 Monitoring And Recording Disturbances

4.16.1 Disturbance Analysis

Voltage disturbance monitoring is used to capture and record the disturbedwaveforms for later disturbance analysis on a PC. The PM295 stores anydisturbance in voltage on any phase that exceeds a user-defined threshold. The userneeds only to define the maximum voltage deviation allowed. The recordedwaveforms then can be uploaded to a master PC and observed with the PAS295software.

The PM295 provides the capture and recording of various types of disturbanceswith a duration from one millisecond and up to tens seconds - transients, outages,sags, surges and deviations in voltage levels.


The minimum number of waveform cycles that can be recorded during a disturbanceis 16. The PM295 will record a disturbance as it lasts, so the maximum duration ofa disturbance the instrument can record is limited by only the amount of memoryallocated by the user for waveform recording.

4.16.2 Monitoring Disturbances

Monitoring disturbances allows the user to trigger a setpoint in the event theinstrument detects deviation in voltage waveshape on any phase exceeding thepredefined threshold.

Monitoring disturbances is based on continuous testing of the sampled voltagewaveforms for a non-stationary waveshape. In a 3-wire open delta wiring mode, theinstrument tests the two line-to-line voltages (L12 and L23), and in other wiringconfigurations - the three line-to-neutral voltages. In the event the instrument detectsa waveshape deviation that exceeds operating threshold, the disturbance trigger isoperated. The instrument can detect disturbances with a minimum duration of 1 ms.

Operate limit for the voltage disturbance trigger specifies the voltage deviationallowed in percentage of nominal (full scale) voltage. The reference nominal voltageis 120V RMS (170V amplitude) for instruments with the 120V input option, and380V RMS (537V amplitude) for instruments with the 660V input option. Forexample, a 5% disturbance threshold for the instrument with the 120V input optionspecifies an 8.5V allowed deviation in voltage amplitude.

4.16.3 Recording Disturbances

To record disturbed waveforms, the high-speed (32×16) waveform logging actionshould be specified when programming a setpoint.

A total of 16 cycles of each sampled waveform, both voltage and current, on allthree phases can be recorded simultaneously on a disturbance trigger. The user canspecify the number of pre-event cycles to be recorded from 1 to 8. The number ofpost-event data will be adjusted automatically up to a full 16-cycle waveform.

In the event that disturbance lasts for more time than the number of post-eventcycles the user specified, the disturbance recorder will continue storing waveformswhile the voltage waveshape is still non-stationary. The recorder may run until thedisturbance end, or until the non-wrap memory partition is filled up - whicheveroccurs first. In the event of the wrap-around partition, the long-duration disturbancemay be written over the oldest records.


4.17 Setpoint Operation

4.17.1 General

The event processing capabilities of the PM295 enable the handling of user-definedactions on programmable internal and external events. The setpoint system managedby the event processor module provides easy and flexible programming for differentapplications. Some of the PM295 functions can be performed only via the eventprocessor. Those include control over relay outputs, disturbance monitoring, and on-board data recording.

The event processor operations are programmed by the user. When programming asetpoint, the user should specify a list of event conditions that trigger setpointoperation, and a list of actions the user wants to run whenever event conditions arefulfilled.

The event conditions can be combined by logical operations, so that a setpoint mightbe operated, for example, when at least one of conditions is realized, or all of thesetpoint conditions should be fulfilled to make a decision concerning the setpointoperation.

The event processor can provide a one-shot action on operating the setpoint, as wellas periodical actions using one of the four interval timers to trigger the setpoint. Inthe last case, periodical actions can be gated by any other conditions, or manuallyvia communications. The setpoint actions provide extensive control over relayoutputs, counters, clearing functions, data and disturbance recording, etc.

4.17.2 Setpoint Programming

All operations concerning setpoint programming can be performed both via the frontpanel and communications. Because the front panel operations do not allow to seeall programmable parameters at the same time, this procedure may be complicatedenough for the user. It is recommended, whenever possible, to use the PAS295companion software for all programming operations on the instrument.

When programming each setpoint, the user defines three groups of parameters thatspecify the setpoint operation:

• up to four triggering conditions for setpoint operation/release• up to four actions on setpoint operation• optional programmable delays on setpoint operation/release


The triggering condition specifies an event that will be recognized by the instrumentas a cause for the setpoint to be operated (activated) or released (deactivated).Throughout this manual, an event is treated as a condition that relies on the value ofsome parameter, or its status. An event is supposed to be asserted if the condition isfulfilled, and to be released when it is not.

Setpoint actions specify the operations the user wants to run on operating thesetpoint. Setpoint actions are performed only at the time that a setpoint is operated.When a setpoint is released, no actions are made, but if a relay output wascontrolled by the setpoint, it will be also deactivated.

The optional programmable delays are typically used to prolong the eventmonitoring for more time to provide reliable operation on alarm conditions.

The following sections provide a more detailed explanation of the setpointprogramming technique and setpoint operations.

4.17.3 Triggering Conditions

Each setpoint condition is specified by the five following programmable parameters:

• conjunction operation - a logical operation OR/AND used to combine thecurrent condition with other setpoint conditions

• trigger parameter• operate condition to test a trigger parameter• operate limit (for a numeric trigger)• release limit (for a numeric trigger)

Trigger parameter defines any measured or sensed quantity or signal that is to beused as a trigger for setpoint operation. For the entire list of triggers, refer to TableB-8. Each trigger parameter is treated as a numeric value, or logical value.

Numeric TriggersFor numeric triggers, the parameter is tested in comparison with the predefined limitvalue. An operate condition can be selected from the following list:

- greater or equal (over limit)- less or equal (under limit)- equal- not equal


For each trigger, two limits are typically defined: the operate limit to assert theevent, and the release limit - to release the event when the operate condition reverts.The release condition is the reversed operate condition (see Table 4-4).

Table 4-4 Setpoint Conditions

Operate condition Release condition Limits

Greater or equal (overoperate limit)

Less or equal (under releaselimit)

Both limits active

Less or equal(under operate limit)

Greater or equal (over releaselimit)

Both limits active

Equal Not equal Release limit not usedNot equal Equal Release limit not usedON OFF Both limits not usedOFF ON Both limits not usedNEW min/max value n/a Both limits not used

A separate release limit can be used to provide hysteresis (dead band) on eventoperation. When the trigger parameter value is between the operate and releaselimits, the event status does not change. If the event was asserted before entering thedead band, it is still asserted while the parameter remains within the band.

NOTEWhen using operate conditions over limit/under limit, the release limit must be alwaysspecified for the event to be released. If the user does not want to provide hysteresis, therelease limit may be set the same as for the operate limit.

Logical TriggersLogical triggers are the parameters that can be checked by testing their status. Thoseare external status parameters, pulse events, and internal events that are asserted bythe instrument.

For logical triggers, the following operate conditions can be used:

- ON- OFF- NEW (Min/Max log)

A NEW condition can be applied to Min/Max log parameters, to check whether thenew minimum or maximum is logged for the parameter from the last time it waschecked.


The release condition for logical triggers is always the reversed operate condition(see Table 4-4). The numeric limits are not applicable.

NOTEPulse triggers and interval timers may not be shared by different setpoints. The firstsetpoint that checks such a trigger will clear it, so that following setpoints will never beoperated.

Logical Operations on TriggersThe PM295 allows the trigger conditions to be combined by logical operationsOR/AND.

Logical operations can be used in any sequence. They have no specific priority orprecedence rules that are common for such operations, so the only rule applied tological operations is their virtual precedence in the logical expression. The fullexpression is always evaluated in the direction from the left to right. This means thatany operation affects all the conditions evaluated before it when both OR and ANDoperations are combined in one expression.

As example, any trigger condition bound with an OR operation and being evaluatedto true will override any preceded condition evaluated to false. Similarly, any triggercondition evaluated to false and bound with an AND operation will override anycondition evaluated before it to true. Hence, to avoid confusion, it is notrecommended to alternate different logical operations in one expression. Instead,when you are intending to use both logical operations, bring all conditions with thesame operation together at one side of the expression, and the others - at the oppositeside.

If you want to explicitly override all other conditions with the critical trigger, put itto the end of the expression with an OR operation if the setpoint is to be operatedwhen the trigger event is asserted, and with an AND operation, if the setpoint shouldbe operated when the trigger event is released. This is used, for example, to providemanual forced setpoint operations.


4.17.4 Delaying Setpoint Operations

The user can specify two optional delays to prolong monitoring setpoint conditionsfor more time before making a decision on either setpoint operating or release. Whendelay is set, the setpoint conditions should prove to be true until delay expires, i.e.for a period at least as long as delay time, for the setpoint to be operated or released.

Both operate and release delay can be specified with 0.1 or 1 second resolution. Themaximum value allowed for delay is 9999 in either unit.

NOTESCare must be taken when using delays with pulse triggers and interval timers.

1. When using an interval timer as a trigger, the setpoint release delay should never bemore than the timer count interval. When a setpoint is operated, the timerautomatically runs once again. When timer expires, the timer event will be assertedagain, and the operate conditions will still be true, although a setpoint was not yetreleased. In this case, the release conditions will never be realized, so that the setpointwill be locked in the operate state permanently. To release such a setpoint, you willneed to set it up again.

2. When you are using any pulse event as a trigger and specifies the release delay, thepulse event can be latched once more while the release timer runs and the setpoint isstill operated. This will lock the setpoint forever because the release condition willnever be true. This may occur, for instance, when the action controlled by such atrigger must be a one-shot action with a predefined duration, such as an energy pulse.To prevent such a state, you should use an additional trigger condition that willbecome false when the setpoint is operated. In the event of relay operation, you canuse the reversed relay status as an additional trigger.

4.17.5 Setpoint Actions

The instrument allows up to four actions to be run consequently on each setpointoperation. The action specification includes:

• action type• optional action target identifying the point to which the setpoint action is

intended

Table 4-5 lists available actions, the user can run on setpoint operation, and theiroptional targets.


Table 4-5 Setpoint ActionsAction type Action target

Description Range

No action n/a 0Set user event flag Flag number #1 - #8Reset user event flag Flag number #1 - #8Operate relay Relay number #1 - #4Increment counter Counter number #1 - #8Decrement counter Counter number #1 - #8Clear counter Counter number #1 - #8Reset energy registers n/a 0Reset extreme demands n/a 0Reset TOU energy n/a 0Reset TOU demands n/a 0Clear counters n/a 0Clear Min/Max registers n/a 0Event logging Setpoint transition

mode - type of eventsthat trigger logging

0 = setpoint operation1 = setpoint release2 = either transition

Data logging Log number #1-#16High-speed (32/16)waveform logging

n/a 0

High-resolution (128/4)waveform logging

n/a 0

All actions are always run in the order they are enumerated in the setpointspecification.

Each action can be run by either setpoint, and can be repeated up to four timeswithin each setpoint. The exception concerns to the logging actions directed to thesame target. Event logging on setpoint operation will be made once per setpoint,disregarding of the number of actions specified. Data logging and waveform loggingdirected to the same memory partition will be made once for the first setpoint amongthose that specify the same action.

All actions, except operating relay, are run immediately with operating a setpoint.Relay output operation is the only action that allowed to be shared by multiple


setpoints at the same time. Either relay output is operated using OR scheme for allsetpoints. The relay will be operated when there is at least one setpoint activating therelay output, and will be released when this is not the case.

4.17.6 Special Considerations

Power LossIn the event of loss of power, all relay outputs will be released. After power up, allsetpoints will revert to the idle state, and all setpoint conditions will be re-evaluatedwith a 2-second delay, considering the present conditions at the time that the poweris restored.

Programmable event flags will be saved. If any setpoint has been forced operated orreleased using event flags, it will automatically return to its state prior to loss ofpower.

Interval timers are restarted when the power is restored, so the time base for timersoperation will be different from that was prior to loss of power.

Programming ModeWhen the user enters programming mode at the protected level, allowing the setup tobe changed, setpoint monitoring is temporarily suspended. Entering setup at the viewmode does not affect the setpoint operation.

Note that while in the protected level, all interval timers are also suspended toprevent faulty setpoint operation when the user changes setup.

Re-allocating Relay OutputWhen the user re-allocates relay output being controlled by the setpoint to outputpulses, the setpoint is automatically disabled.

Changing Basic SetupWhen the user changes a basic setup parameter that affects the setpoint triggercalculation method or range, the setpoint is automatically disabled. Those areWIRING MODE (affects all voltage, current and power based triggers), PT RATIO(affects all voltage and power based triggers), and CT PRIMARY CURRENT(affects all current and power based triggers). Enter WIRING MODE, PT RATIOand CT PRIMARY CURRENT the first time!


4.17.7 Setpoint Programming Techniques

This section describes setpoint programming practice in examples. It isrecommended to use a special form provided in Appendix C to plan setpointparameters prior the user changes them in the instrument. Refer to Appendix B(Tables B-6, B-7) for the entire list of available setpoint triggers and theirabbreviations.

Using Numeric Triggers with HysteresisExample 4-1 illustrates a simple usage of numeric triggers.

Suppose that the setpoint monitors high current over 1500 A, and a low powerfactor, either lag or lead, under 0.85, on either phase. All conditions are combinedby OR operation. This means that when either value exceeds its predefined operatelimit, the setpoint is triggered, and a 3-second delay timer runs. If the measuredvalue remains away from the threshold for minimum of 3 seconds, the setpoint isoperated. Three actions are made on setpoint operation:

- relay #1 is activated (assume, to operate alarm)- counter #2 is incremented to count the number of relay operations- setpoint operation and two actions mentioned above are recorded in the event

log

Example 4-1 Sample Of Using Numeric Triggers With Hysteresis

Trigger Conditions

Conjunction Trigger parameter Condi-tion

Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR High current ≥ 1500 1450

Condition #2 OR Low PF Lag ≤ 0.85 0.90

Condition #3 OR Low PF Lead ≤ 0.85 0.90

Condition #4 OR None

Setpoint actions Delays

Action type Action target Unit Operate ReleaseAction #1 Operate relay #1 1 s 3 5Action #2 INC counter #2Action #3 Event logging OperateAction #4 None


The setpoint remains operated until the parameter that triggered the setpoint revertsto its release limit. While the trigger parameter is in the band between its operate andrelease limits (dead band), the setpoint will remain operated.

When release conditions are fulfilled, i.e., all trigger parameters are behind theirrelease limits (high current ≤ 1450 A, and both power factors ≥ 0.9), the setpoint istriggered for release. If for the following 5-second interval, the release conditions donot change, the setpoint is released. If relay #1 is not operated by another setpoint, itwill be deactivated. No other actions will be made.

Using Logical TriggersExample 4-2 illustrates usage of logical triggers for setpoint operation. The setpointmonitors status input #5, and records predefined parameters in data log partition #2(the set of parameters should be specified for the partition separately) on each newmaximum block kW demand occurrence while status input #5 remains asserted. Nodelays are used. For clarity, unused conditions and actions are not shown.

Note that discrete input #5 should be configured as a status input for the setpoint tobe operated.

Example 4-2 Sample Of Using Logical Triggers

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR Status input #5 ONCondition #2 AND Block kW demand NEW


Action type Action target Unit Operate ReleaseAction #1 Data logging #2 0.1 s 0 0

Using Pulse TriggersThe following example shows a simple usage of input pulses to produce anextended pulse of a predefined duration through relay output #1 (see Example 4-3).On each incoming pulse, relay #1 will be operated for 1 second. Discrete input #1must be configured as a pulse input to allow the setpoint to be operated.


Example 4-3 Sample Of Using Pulse Trigger

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR Pulse input #1 ONCondition #2 AND Relay #1 status OFF


Action type Action target Unit Operate Release

Action #1 Operate relay #1 1 s 0 1

Notice that the pulse trigger is ANDed with the reversed relay status to guaranteethat the setpoint will be released after a 1-second operation, with no regard to thetime that new pulse comes. Obviously, pulses following in intervals less than 1second will be considered as one pulse.

Repeated Setpoint Operations using Time TriggerSuppose, we are intending to provide reset of extreme demands on the first day ofeach month synchronously with an external time reference pulse denoting beginningof the new demand interval. The demand interval duration is assumed to be 15minute.

Before reset will be made, the instrument should provide self-readings of allmaximum demands that were logged during the month, and store them in datalogging partition #3. The data record format is assumed to be configured properlyfor the partition to store all desirable parameters. Example 4-4 demonstrates how toprogram a setpoint for those operations.

Example 4-4 Sample Of Using Time Trigger

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR Pulse input #1 ON

Condition #2 AND Day of month = 1

Condition #3 AND Time ≥ 000000

Condition #4 AND Time ≤ 001459



Action type Action target Unit Operate Release

Action #1 Data logging #3 1 s 0 0

Action #2 Reset extremedemands

None

The setpoint will be triggered on the first day of each month between 00:00:00 and00:15:00 by an external pulse that should come via discrete input #1. Becauseactions are performed in turn in the specified sequence, recording maximumdemands will go before the reset of demand keeping registers will be made.

Repeated Setpoint Operations with Interval TimerExample 4-5 illustrates how to use an interval timer to perform periodical actions inpredefined intervals, for example, for continuous data recording in order to provideanalysis of voltage trend. Assume that the timer #4 is preset for a 20-secondcounting interval, and data log partition #12 is configured to record real-timevoltages on phases L1, L2 and L3. The following setpoint will then provide allneeded operations.

If a data logging partition is configured to be of a non-wrap type, recording will stopwhen the partition is filled up. Otherwise, logging will continue with overwriting theoldest data while the setpoint is still operating. The setpoint itself will runcontinuously until the user explicitly disables it.

Example 4-5 Sample Of Continuous Data Recording

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR Timer #4


Action type Action target Operate ReleaseAction #1 Data logging #12 0.1 s 0 0

The following example shows how to provide the same actions with a predefinednumber of operations by simply connecting a counter to the setpoint.

The setpoint is operated 100 times (notice that the first time this occurs when thecounter contents is zero), and will stop automatically when counter attains this limit.The user should reset counter #1 before running the setpoint, and configure thecounter to count with a scale factor of 1.


Example 4-6 Sample Of Limited Data Recording

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR Timer #4Condition #2 AND Counter #1 ≤ 99 99


Action type Action target Unit Operate ReleaseAction #1 Data logging #12 0.1 s 0 0Action #2 INC counter #1

Gated Setpoint Operations with Interval TimerExample 4-7 illustrates how to change the previous example to provide time-gatedrecording data for the predefined time on a certain day.

The setpoint will provide recording data every 20 second (assuming that the timerinterval the same as in Example 4-5) on the 12th Aug., 1997, from 08:30:00 to17:15:00.

Example 4-7 Sample Of Repeated Time-Gated Operations

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR Timer #4Condition #2 AND Date = 970812

Condition #3 AND Time ≥ 083000

Condition #4 AND Time ≤ 171500



In the same way, you can use (instead of time) any numeric or logical trigger toprovide periodical condition-gated operations. The following example illustratesgenerating pulses through relay output #1 with a 0.5 second width repeated each 1second, to provide a flashing alarm signal when real-time total active power throughload exceeds 20200 kW (see Example 4-8). Interval timer #1 is assumed to beconfigured for a 1 second count interval.


Example 4-8 Sample Of Repeated Condition-Gated Operations

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR Timer #1Condition #2 AND R-T total kW ≥ 20200 20000

Condition #3 AND Relay status OFF


Action type Action target Unit Operate ReleaseAction #1 Operate relay #1 0.1 s 0 5

Manual Setpoint OperationsThe next example shows how to manually override setpoint conditions to operaterelay output via communications (see Example 4-9).

Programmable event flag #1 connected as a trigger with an OR operation is used toprovide manual forced setpoint operation. Manual setting of event flag #1 to ONwill immediately (since no operate delay specified) operate the setpoint by overridingother setpoint conditions. Clearing the event flag does not ensure that the setpointwill be released if other operate conditions are still fulfilled.

Example 4-9 Sample Of Manual Relay Operations

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR R-T total kW ≥ 20050 20000

Condition #2 OR R-T total PF Lag ≤ 0.75 0.80

Condition #3 OR R-T total PF Lead ≤ 0.75 0.80

Condition #4 OR User event flag #1 ON


Action type Action target Unit Operate ReleaseAction #1 Operate relay #1 0.1 s 0 0

In the same example, supposing for condition #4, an OR operation is replaced by anAND operation, and the ON condition is reversed to OFF, manual clearing of eventflag #1 will force the setpoint to be released regardless of other setpoint conditions.Manual setting of the event flag will have no effect if other operate conditions arenot fulfilled.


To utilize both forced operate and forced release options, two programmable eventflags should be used as operate conditions for the setpoint, being connected: one -with an OR, and the second - with an AND operation.

Monitoring and Recording DisturbancesExample 4-10 shows how to program a setpoint for monitoring and recordingdisturbances.

Example 4-10 Sample Of Monitoring Disturbances

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR % V disturbance ≥ 3


Action type Action target Unit Operate ReleaseAction #1 High-speed

waveform log None 0.1 s 0 0

The operate limit specifies a 3% voltage deviation allowed with regard to nominalvoltage amplitude. For the instrument with the 660V input option this means a 16Vthreshold tolerance. Each deviation in voltage waveshape, on either phase, over thislimit will trigger high-speed recording the captured waveforms in the correspondingmemory partition. The operate limit is selected large enough to prevent occasionalsetpoint operation when the voltage waveshape slightly changes due to presence ofnon-stationary harmonics.

Notice that no delays used in order to provide a fast response on a disturbancetrigger.

Binding the Setpoints and Holding Volatile EventsThe next concluding example demonstrates more complicated technique of usage ofmultiple setpoints by binding them into a chain, and some other tips.

Suppose we want to provide continuous recording data in 5 different clusters tostore a total of 80 parameters in data log partitions #1 through #5, using intervaltimer #1 with a 10-second count interval. Recording should be run by an externalpulse coming through discrete input #2 and stopped by the second pulse through thesame input. It is assumed that the user configured the corresponding log partitions tostore desired parameters, and the timer and pulse input configured properly.


Here, two problems arise: The first is that a setpoint may not provide more than fouractions at once, and we need at least five to record data in five different data logpartitions. The second is that the trigger event is a pulse that will be clearedimmediately after we check it, and we need a trigger to operate a setpoint for morelong time.

The decision is to use a programmable event flag, for both goals. Example 4-11demonstrates the usage of the programmable event. The event flag #5 is used for thispurpose. It should be explicitly cleared before usage.

Four setpoints provide all operations. The first setpoint checks the pulse input tohold a starting pulse when it comes, in the event flag, if the event has not yetoccurred. Two setpoints, #2 and #3, are triggered by the event flag and providecontinuous recording data using interval timer #1. Setpoint #4 disables recordingwhen the second pulse comes.Example 4-11 Sample Of Binding The Setpoints

Setpoint #1

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR Pulse input #2 ONCondition #2 AND Event flag #5 OFF


Action type Action target Unit Operate ReleaseAction #1 Set event flag #5 0.1 s 0 0

Setpoint #2

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR Event flag #5 ONCondition #2 AND Timer #1 ON


Action type Action target Unit Operate ReleaseAction #1 Data logging #1 0.1 s 0 0Action #2 Data logging #2Action #3 Data logging #3Action #4 Data logging #4


Setpoint #3

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR Event flag #5 ONCondition #2 AND Timer #1 ON



Setpoint #4

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 OR Pulse input #2 ONCondition #2 AND Event flag #5 ON


Action type Action target Unit Operate ReleaseAction #1 Clear event

flag #5 0.1 s 0 0

4.18 Update Rates And Response TimeThe update rate is a time between successive measurements performed at theinstrument inputs. Response time is the time between a change in an input and whenthat change is displayed via the front panel or provided on the instrument outputs(analog output, relay output, communications).

The instrument’s response time depends on many factors: the measurement mode forthe selected parameter (real-time, sliding average, time average), the update rate forthe parameter output, and the present system burden that may affect the instrumentperformance. Running communications and monitoring a large number of eventswill advance update time to its higher value.

For a single (real-time) measurement, results can be obtained as soon as an inputsignal is processed. For average measurements, additional time needs to beconsidered for the measurement to be settled in order for the reading to reflect asteady state signal.


When the instrument is turned on and when the instrument setup configurationchanged, the instrument always waits for the measurements to be fully settled beforedisplaying readings. The settling delay for time averaged measurements (demands)may be as long as the user-defined averaging interval.

The following descriptions can help the user estimate the response time for aparticular measurement and output:

The data processing modules run on periodical basis, typically 200 ms each for baseRMS measurements, and 100-200 ms each for demand and energy calculations. Forharmonic measurements, each run provides processing of a single input, eithervoltage or current, so the harmonic reading for the selected input is updated each 1second. Those delays can be considered to be the update rate for real-time readings.For sliding average measurements, you should consider the number of measurementsto be taken for averaging.

For time average measurements, the update rate is synchronized with the user-defined averaging time, or with the external synchronization source. All timeaverage measurements are updated at the end of the respective demand interval,except of the real-time predicted demands, i.e., accumulated demand and slidingwindow predicted demand, that are updated at soon as the new real-timemeasurement is made.

A level change at the discrete input will be recognized within at most 40 ms after thesignal was asserted high or low. The total settling delay for either status or pulseinput is considered to be at 50 ms. The pulse counters connected to the pulse inputswill be updated at that time.

The display readings are updated approximately twice per second. The analogoutput is updated each 100-200 ms, but in reality, the output value might not changeif measured data has not yet been updated.

The response time for setpoint operations using the disturbance trigger can be at onecycle time, and using measurement readings, or external triggers - at 100-200 mswithout taking into consideration the update rate for the trigger.

Communications Operation 101

5. Communications Operation

5.1 GeneralThe PM295 communications port is optically isolated and supports EIA RS-232 andRS-422/485 standard interfaces (user selectable), allowing connection to acomputer, PLC or a printer. It can operate at baud rates up to 38,400 baud.

The communications port can operate in either Computer Mode, where a hostcomputer polls the instrument in order to receive the data, or to read or program thePowermeter configuration parameters, or in Print Mode, where values are outputdirectly in printable format.

In Computer Mode, the instrument uses a two-way communications protocol. Thecommunications works on a master-slave basis where the instrument is the slave, i.e.the PM295 responds to host computer requests, but does not transmit information onits own initiative. The PM295 supports two communications protocols: the ASCIIand Modicon's Modbus RTU protocols. Both protocols are open protocols that canbe used by a third-party host-based software to access all data and configurationregisters of the Powermeter. Information on the serial communications protocols isfound in the documents shipped on diskette with your PM295: "System 295Powermeter and Harmonic Analyzer - Communications - ASCII CommunicationsProtocol User's Guide" and "System 295 Powermeter and Harmonic Analyzer -Communications - Modbus Communications Protocol User's Guide".

With the ASCII protocol, the PM295 is capable of connection to a master computervia a modem. The instrument has special communications mode allowing a modemto be set to auto answer mode at power-up of the instrument.

In Print Mode, the PM295 can be connected to a serial printer to output a fixedformat printed report at user-defined intervals.

5.2 Eia Interface Standards

5.2.1 EIA RS-232 Standard

RS-232 is a serial interface standard that may be used for distances up to 15 meters.It may be possible to extend this range using lower transmission rates, shieldedcabling, or repeaters. One computer serial port can be connected to one instrument.This standard is generally used when connecting one instrument to a printer. Printmode is available only with EIA RS-232.

102 Communications Operation

5.2.2 EIA RS-422 and EIA RS-485 Standards

Both RS-422 and RS-485 are serial differential interface standards, permittingreliable communications for distances up to 1200 meters. Because of the differentialmode used, line noise is nullified.

In the RS-422 standard, the interconnection of instruments with a computer isperformed via two pairs of lines, one pair for transmission, and one for reception(full duplex). In the RS-485 standard, instruments are connected to a computer, viaa pair of lines. The same pair is used both for transmission and reception (halfduplex).

5.3 Configuring The Communications PortBefore connecting the Powermeter to a master computer or a printer, thePowermeter communications port should be configured to match that of the masteror a printer. Communications parameters alter the way in which the Powermeterinteracts with a master computer, but does not affect the electrical operation of theserial interface that is only depend on the serial connector pins to which thecommunications line is connected.

Table B-3 (see Appendix B) lists the communications parameters that should bedefined by the user. These parameters must have the same values as those on eitherthe computer or on the printer, connected to the Powermeter.

The optional flow control parameters can be used to define functions of theadditional DTR/RTS control line, or to select type of the flow control protocol thatmay be necessary to adjust transmission rate of the Powermeter to the needs of amaster or a printer.

The following sections explain communications setup parameters and theiroperations.

5.3.1 Communications Mode

Communications mode defines communications protocol the Powermeter willsupport and its possible variations. The user can choose between ASCII protocoland Modicon's Modbus RTU protocol. The protocols' rules are specified insupplement publications mentioned in Section 5.1. When connecting to a mastercomputer via a modem, you should select the ASCII or tElE entry. When tElE modeis selected, the Powermeter will work as if ASCII mode was chosen, but at power upit will send an initialization string in order to set the modem to auto answer mode.


If you are using a printer instead of a computer, you should select the Prnt entry.For the printout format, see Section 5.5. For the cable connections, refer toAppendix D.

5.3.2 Interface

This parameter configures the communications port for EIA RS-232 or RS-422/485standards. In RS-232 and RS-422 modes, the communications port operates in full-duplex mode, so incoming and outgoing messages are processed independently.When RS-485 mode is selected, the communications port works in half-duplexmode, so the receivers do not operate during transmission. You should not select thismode when analog output extension via the AX-7 analog expander is used.

As mentioned above, selection of the communications parameters does not affect thephysical interface operation. If you do not need full-duplex mode, you can use RS-485 mode in both 4-wire and 2-wire connections.

5.3.3 Communication Address

In order to allow networking of multiple Powermeter units connected to a singlecommunications line, each Powermeter on the network must have its own uniqueaddress. Choices for address depend on communications protocol you are using.

In ASCII communications mode, address can be configured from 0 to 99. ThePowermeter having address 0 will respond to all master requests regardless of theincoming address.

In Modbus communications mode, the address value may be chosen from 1 to 247.

In both the protocols, address 0 should not be configured for units if multidrop modeis used. Address 0 is reserved for a master computer to broadcast to all Powermetersin the network (for instance, when global resetting of the accumulated values at allPowermeters is needed), but the Powermeters may not respond to such a request.

5.3.4 Baud Rate

The baud rate defines the communications speed, otherwise known as bps (bits persecond). The baud rate value can be selected from 110 bps up to 38,400 bps.

Effective communications depends on communications line quality. The bettercommunications line, the faster communications speed may be. Transmission qualitytends to degrade if line length increases and if the line is routed through an


electrically and electromagnetically noisy environment. In these cases, it isrecommended to decrease the baud rate.

5.3.5 Data Format

The PM295 supports three data formats: 7 data bits with even parity check, 8 databits with no parity, and 8 data bits with even parity.

In the Modbus RTU protocol, the only 8-bit data format with parity or withoutparity check may be used.

5.3.6 Handshaking

Handshaking, known also as flow control, is used to accommodate transmission rateof the Powermeter to the needs of the master computer or a printer. It may benecessary to compensate for the Powermeter's ability to send characters faster thanthey can be accepted by a modem or printed on a serial printer when the incomingdata buffer is too small. The Powermeter allows hardware and softwarehandshaking.

When hardware handshaking is selected, the Powermeter will not send characters tothe communications link until the DSR/CTS signal is asserted high. WheneverDSR/CTS dropped while transmission, the Powermeter suspends sending data untilDSR/CTS is restored. Hardware handshaking applicable in all communicationsmodes.

NOTEThe DSR/CTS signal has an RS-232 bipolar logic level. When RS-422/485communications is used, level conversion is necessary.

Software handshaking is applicable only in ASCII RS-232 and RS-422 full-duplexcommunications modes. When a physical connection between the Powermeter and amaster or a printer is impossible or where hardware flow control is not supported,software handshaking can be used instead. Software handshaking supports thecharacter flow control protocol known as XON/XOFF. The master should send anXOFF character (ASCII DC3) when it wishes the Powermeter to pause in sendingdata, and an XON character (ASCII DC1) when it wishes the Powermeter toresume.


5.3.7 DTR/RTS Control Line

This additional outgoing signal operates independently of DSR/CTS operation. It iscommonly not used, but it may be necessary with some of modems or signalconverters.

With the DTR option selected, this signal is permanently asserted high.

When the RTS option is chosen, the signal is asserted high during transmission andis low during reception. The Powermeter asserts the RTS line at least 10 ms beforethe response message is sent out, and holds it asserted throughout the transmission.

NOTEThe DTR/RTS signal has an RS-232 bipolar logic level. When RS-422/485communications is used, level conversion is necessary.

5.3.8 Configuring the Printer Parameters

When a serial printer is connected to the Powermeter, the print mode should beselected, and baud rate and data format should be configured as those on the printer.

Cable connections to the printer may depend on the printer connector type. Most ofserial printers have a DTE 25-pin male connector, but some of them might have aDCE 25-pin female connector. The cable drawings for both connector types areshown in Appendix D.2.

Most of printers provide a few bytes of buffer storage where characters can waittheir turn to be printed. If the buffer size is sufficient to accept full print report, i.e.,when a printer has at least 256 bytes of input buffer, flow control is not needed. Ifthe buffer size is less than 256 bytes, you should provide hardware handshaking,otherwise the printer output will become garbled. Use the DSR/CTS signal toprovide hardware flow control. For the cable drawing, refer to Appendix D. In thePowermeter, configure the handshaking parameter to HArd to make the Powermeterto monitor DSR/CTS.

With a serial-to-parallel converter, you can use a parallel printer as well. When aconverter is used, hardware handshaking is required. Refer to Appendix D.2 forcable drawings.


5.4 Response TimeTo let the master PC switch a communications port, it is guarantied thatPowermeter's minimum response time will not be less than 1,75 character timedepending on the baud rate used, and not less than 5 ms. When the RTS option is ineffect, the response will be delayed at 10 ms after the RTS line is asserted high.

The maximum response time depends on the communications protocol applied. InASCII mode, the Powermeter's response time will not exceed 80 ms plus 1.75character time. In Modbus RTU mode, add to this value additional 1.75 charactertime.

When using the AX-7 Analog Expander option, the communications link works infull duplex mode, and is shared between the master PC and AX-7. This means thatmaster's request received when AX-7 communications is in progress will wait for itstermination. The response time will be increased by the time required for analogmessage transmission via communications link plus the link switching time.

The communications link switching time is about 15 ms plus 1.75 character time.The transmission of the analog output message for one AX-7's channel takes 9character time, and for all 14 analog channels - 126 character time. In the worstcase, the instrument's response time may be increased by the full AX-7's messagetransmission time, plus double communications link switching time.

5.5 Print ModeTo operate in Print Mode, the printer must be fully compatible with the Powermeterin communications mode and the Powermeter communications parameters should beset to allow the communications port to interact with the printer. Refer to Section5.3 on how to configure the Powermeter communications port.

The instrument sends a fixed format printed report at user-defined intervals. Afterresetting the instrument or completing the current page, the value heading will beprinted on the top of the new page. The printing page height is 60 rows. Each row isterminated by ASCII characters CR (ASCII 13) and LF (ASCII 10). On each page,along with a header, 11 readings of electrical values are printed with the date andtime stamps.


The following illustration shows the printout format: * MM/DD/YY HH:MM:SS

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

V1

4Chars

V2

4Chars

V3

4Chars

A1

5Chars

A2

5Chars

A3

5Chars

KW

6Chars

PF

4Chars

+KWH

6Chars

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

-kWH

6Chars

FREQ

4Chars

BRK

2Chars

KVAR

6Chars

KVARH

6Chars

KVA

6Chars

MAX_DM

6Chars

A_MD1

5Chars

A_MD2

5Chars

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

A_MD3

5Chars

I_UB

4Chars

APP_MD

6Chars

THD_U1

4Chars

THD_ U2

4Chars

THD_U3

4Chars

THD_I1

4Chars

THD_I2

4Chars

THD_I3

4Chars

Measured quantities represented in the print report are listed in Table 5.1.

Table 5.1 Printout Format

Fieldnumber

Parameter Description Offset in thestring

1, 2, 3 V1, V2, V3 Voltage per phase 9, 17, 254, 5, 6 A1, A2, A3 Current per phase 33, 41, 497 kW kW total 568 PF Total power factor 669 +kWH kWh imported 7210 -kWH kWh exported 8711 FREQ Frequency 9712 BRK Status inputs (breaker status) 10713 kVAR kvar total 11214 kVARH kvarh net 12015 kVA kVA total 12816 MAX_DM Maximum kW demand 13617,18,19 A_MD 1,2,3 Maximum ampere demand per phase 145,153,16820 I_UB Neutral current 17021 APP_MD Maximum kVA demand 18322 THD_U1 %THD voltage L1/L12 19423 THD_U2 %THD voltage L2/L23 20224 THD_U3 %THD voltage L3 21025 THD_I1 %THD current L1 21826 THD_I2 %THD current L2 22627 THD_I3 %THD current L3 234

Technical Specifications

108

6. Technical SpecificationsInput and Output RatingsVoltage inputs 120 V INPUT USING PT (up to 120+20% V line-to-line voltage)

Burden: < 0.015 VA

660 V DIRECT INPUT (up to 660 V line-to-line voltage or up to550 V line-to-neutral voltage)Burden: < 0.3 VAINPUT USING PT (up to 120+20% V line-to-line voltage)Burden: < 0.015 VA

Line current inputs 1 A INPUT via CT with 1 A secondary outputBurden: < 0.15 VAOverload withstand: 2 A RMS continuous, 30 A RMS for 1second

5 A INPUT via CT with 5 A secondary outputBurden: < 0.15 VAOverload withstand: 10 A RMS continuous,150 A RMS for 1 second

Auxiliary currentinput

5 mA INPUT VIA CT with 5 mA secondary outputBurden: < 0.1 mVAOverload withstand: 30 mA RMS continuous,400 mA RMS - for 1 second

1 A INPUT via CT with 1 A secondary outputBurden: < 0.15 VAOverload withstand: 2 A RMS continuous, 30 A RMS for 1second

5 A INPUT via CT with 5 A secondary outputBurden: < 0.15 VAOverload withstand: 10 A RMS continuous, 150 A RMS for1 second

Discrete inputs 8 optically isolated, dry contact sensing inputs (voltage-free) +5VDC/1 kΩ output

Relay outputs 3 relays rated at 5A, 250 VAC/30 VDC, 2 contacts (SPST Form A)1 relay rated at 5A, 250 VAC/30 VDC, 3 contacts (SPDT Form C)

Analog output RANGE 0-20 mA/4-20 mA (upon order)CMV ISOLATION 500 VDCOFFSET TEMPERATURE ±300 nA/°CNON-LINEARITY ±0.2%ACCURACY 0.5%OFFSET ±100 µAMAXIMUM LOAD 510 Ω

Technical Specifications 109

Input and Output RatingsCommunications One optically isolated serial port

EIA RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485 standardsCONNECTOR: a 9-pin female D-type

Display High-brightness seven-segment digital LEDs, 11 windows.A total of 55 pages on two page levels with simultaneous display up to10 parameters.

Real-time clock Accuracy: about 1 minute per month @ 25°CInput terminals Standard 9.52 mm pitch (UL recognized 7463)

SCREW M3Maximum wire diameter 2.588 mm (10 AWG)

Service terminals Standard 5 mm pitch (UL recognized 7463)SCREW M3Maximum wire diameter 2.05 mm (12 AWG)

Power supply 90-264V AC 50/60 Hz, 15 VA 10-290V DC, 10 W

Environmental conditions

Operatingtemperature

-20°C to 60°C (-4°F to 140°F)

Storagetemperature

-25°C to 80°C (-13°F to 176°F)

Humidity 0 to 95% non-condensing

Construction

Instrument body CASE ENCLOSURE: plastic ABS GE CYCOLOY(UL recognized UL94V0)FRONT PANEL: plastic GE LEXAN (UL recognized UL94V0)

Instrument weight 2.65 kg (6 lbs.)

110 Technical Specifications

Measurement SpecificationsParameter, unit Full scale Accuracy, % Range Resolution @ range

Rdg FS Conditions Front panel display Comm.Voltage, V 120V×PT

@ 120V

380V×PT@ 660V

208V×PT@ 120V

660V×PT@ 660V

0.2 10% to 120%FS

0 to 999,000 1 V @ 1 to 999 V

≤1% @ 1,000 to 999,000 V

1 V

Line current, A CT primary current 0.2 2% to 120%FS

0 to 60,000 1 A @ 1 to 9,999 A

≤0.1% @ 10,000 to 60,000A

1 A

Active power, kW 0.36×PT×CT @ 120V input

1.14×PT×CT @ 660V input

0.5 |PF| ≥ 0.5 0 to± 2,147,000

1 kW @ 1 to 99,999/-9.999

≤0.01% @ 100 to 2,147 MW

≤0.1% @ -10 to -2,147 MW

1 kW

Reactive power,kvar



0.5 |PF| ≤ 0.9 0 to± 2,147,000

1 kvar @ 1 to 99,999/-9.999

≤0.01% @100 to 2,147Mvar

≤0.1% @ -10 to -2,147 Mvar

1 kvar

Apparent power,kVA



0.5 |PF| ≥ 0.5 0 to 2,147,000 1 kVA @ 1 to 9,999

≤0.1% @ 10 to 2,147 MVA

1 kVA

Power factor 1 1 |PF| ≥ 0.5 -0.99 to +1.00 0.01 0.01Neutral current, A CT primary current 0.5 2% to 120%

FS0 to 60,000 1 A @ 1 to 999 A

≤1% @ 1,000 to 60,000 A

1A

Auxiliary current,mA/A

Auxiliary CT primarycurrent

1 2% to 120%FS

0 to 60,000 1 mA/A @ 1 to 999 mA/A

≤1% @ 1,000 to 60,000

1 mA/A

For Ln readingand for3OP2/3OP3wiring modes

For LL readingexcept3OP2/3OP3wiring modes

or

or

Technical Specifications 111


Rdg FS Conditions Front panel display Comm.Voltageunbalance,% Vavg

3000.2

FSVVavg

×0 to 300 1% 1%

Current unbalance,% Iavg

3000.2

FSIIavg

×0 to 300 1% 1%

Frequency, Hz 0.1 45.0 to 65.0 0.1 Hz 0.1 HzVolt demand, V As for voltageAmpere demand, A As for currentkW demand, kW As for kWkvar demand, kvar As for kvarkVA demand, kVA As for kVAActive energy, kWh 1

typical0 to ± 999,999,999

1 kWh 1 kWh

Reactive energy,kvarh

1typical

0 to ± 999,999,999

1 kvarh 1kvarh

Apparent energy,kVAh

1typical

0 to999,999,999

1 kVAh 1kVAh

Total harmonicdistortion, % U1 (I1)

100 1.5 ≥ 1%FSV (FSI)

0 to 100 0.1 0.1

K-Factor 999.9 5typical

0.1% to 100%FS

1.0 to 999.9 0.1 0.1

Voltage harmonics,% U1

100 10.2

FSV

1×

U

U1 ≥ 10%FSV

0 to 100 0.01 0.01

112 Technical Specifications


Rdg FS Conditions Front panel display Comm.Current harmonics,% I1

100 10.2

FSI

1×

I

I1 ≥ 10% FSI 0 to 100 0.01 0.01

Harmonic voltage,V

As for voltage 1 0.2 U1 ≥ 10%FSV

As for voltage

Harmonic current, A As for current 1 0.2 I1 ≥ 10% FSI As for currentHarmonic kW As for kW 1 0.2 As for kWHarmonic kvar As for kvar 1 0.2 As for kvarHarmonic powerfactor

As for power factor 2 typical As for powerfactor

PT - the external potential transformer ratioCT, CT primary current - the primary current rating of the external current transformerFSV - voltage full scaleFSI - current full scaleU1 - voltage fundamentalI1 - current fundamental

Vavg = 13

(UL1/L12 + UL2/L23 + UL3/L31) Iavg = 13

(IL1 + IL2 + IL3)

À @ 10% to 120 % of voltage full scale & 2% to 120 % of current full scale

NOTES1. Accuracy is expressed as ± (percentage of reading + percentage of full scale) ± 1 digit. This does not include

inaccuracies introduced by the user's potential and current transformers.

2. These specifications assume voltage and current waveforms with THD ≤ 5 % (except harmonic measurements) andan operating temperature of 20 to 26 °C.

Appendix A Display Formats 113

Appendix A Display Formats

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 111

V L1/L12 CURRENT L1

V L2/L23

V L3/L31

CURRENT L2

CURRENT L3

kVA totalPF TOTAL

kW TOTAL

kvar TOTAL

kVA TOTAL

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 111

V L1/L12 CURRENT L1 kVA total

L1

PF L1

kW L1

kvar L1

kVA L1

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 111V L2/L23 CURRENT L2

kVA totalL2 PF L2

kW L2

kvar L2

kVA L2

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 111

V L3/L31 CURRENT L3

kVA total

L3

PF L3

kW L3

kvar L3

kVA L3

Page 1

Total 3 phaseparameters

Page 1/1

Phase L1parameters

Page 1/2

Phase L2parameters

Page 1/3

Phase L3parameters

114 Appendix A Display Formats

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

2

MAX.VOLT MAX. AMPEREDEMAND L1

MAX.VOLT

MAX.VOLT

MAX. AMPERE

MAX. AMPERE

DEMAND L2

DEMAND L3

MAX. kW

MAX. kvar

MAX. kVA

DEMAND

DEMAND

DEMANDDEMAND 1

DEMAND 2

DEMAND 3

FREQUENCY

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

2

Sl.d MAX. kVADEMAND

MAX. kW

MAX. kvar

DEMAND

DEMAND

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

2

MAX. kVADEMAND

MAX. kW

MAX. kvar

DEMAND

DEMAND

tr.d

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

2

Pr.d kVADEMAND

kW DEMAND

kvar DEMAND

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

2

kVADEMAND

kW DEMAND

kvar DEMAND

Ac.d

Page 2

Maximum volt andampere demands.

Maximum block intervalkW, kvar, kVA demands

Page 2/4

Accumulated kW,kvar, kVAdemands

Page 2/1

Maximum sliding windowkW, kvar, kVA demands

Page 2/2

Maximum thermal kW,kvar, kVA demands

Page 2/3

Predicted sliding windowkW, kvar, kVAdemands


1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA totalTHDU L1/L12

THD

THD

U L2/L23

U L3

I L1THD

THD

THD

I L2

I L3

kVAh

3

NEUTRALCURRENT

kWh IMPORT

kvarh NET

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

k W h

3

EnrG

Ac.i

I M P O R T

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

k W h

3

EnrG

Ac.E

E X P O R T

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

k W h

3

EnrG

Ac.n

N E T

Page 3

THD, neutralcurrent, low rangeenergies

Page 3/1

kWh import(extended range:windows 3, 6, 9)

Page 3/2

kWh export(extended range:windows 3, 6, 9)

Page 3/3

kWh net (extendedrange: windows 3,6, 9)


1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

k W h

3

EnrG

Ac.t

T O T A L

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

3

EnrG

k v a r h

rE.i

I M P O R T

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

3

EnrG

k v a r h

rE.E

E X P O R T

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

3

EnrG

k v a r h

rE.n

N E T

Page 3/4

kWh total (extendedrange: windows 3, 6,9)

Page 3/5

kvarh import (extendedrange: windows 3, 6, 9)

Page 3/6

kvarh export (extendedrange: windows 3, 6, 9)

Page 3/7

kvarh net (extendedrange: windows 3, 6, 9)


1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

3

EnrG

k v a r h

rE.t

T O T A L

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

3

EnrG

Ap.t

k V A h T O T A L

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

3

EnrG

date

reset

D A T E

T I M E

Page 3/8

kvarh total(extended range:windows 3, 6, 9)

Page 3/9

kVAh total(extended range:windows 3, 6, 9)

Page 3/10

Date and time of thelast reset of energy


1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

V L1/L12 CURRENT L1

V L2/L23 CURRENT L2

CURRENT L3

kVA totalH01

V L3

4

PF TOTAL

kW TOTAL

kvar TOTAL

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

V L1/L12 CURRENT L1

V L2/L23 CURRENT L2

CURRENT L3

kVA total

V L3

H03 (...H39)

4

PF TOTAL

kW TOTAL

kvar TOTAL

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

5

K-FACTOR L1

K-FACTOR L2

K-FACTOR L3

H-Fc

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

5

Ph.ro

U.Unb

C.Unb

PHASEROTATION

VOLTAGEUNBALANCE

CURRENTUNBALANCE

AUX.CURRENT Au.C

Page 4

Harmonicquantities H01

Page 4/1-19

Harmonic quantitiesH03 - H39 (oddharmonics)

Page 5

K-Factor

Page 5/1

Auxiliary current,voltage unbalance,current unbalance,phase rotation


1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

5

StSSTATUSINPUT #1

STATUS

STATUS

INPUT #2

INPUT #3

STATUS

STATUS

STATUS

INPUT #4

INPUT #5

INPUT #6

STATUS

STATUS

INPUT #7

INPUT # 8

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

5

rELRELAY #4STATUS

RELAY #1

RELAY #2

RELAY #3

STATUS

STATUS

STATUS

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA total

5

Ph.AGPHASE L1

PHASE L2

PHASE L3

ANGLE

ANGLE

ANGLE

dEG

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA totalCnt

6

1 4 10

5

6

7

8

93

2 11

kVA totalCnt 1 (...8)

6

T E RC O U N

Page 6

Counters. Title

Page 6/1-8

Counters #1 - #8(windows 3, 6, 9)

Page 5/2

Status inputs

Page 5/3

Relay status

Page 5/4

Phase angles


Table A-1 Displayed ParametersPage/

sub-pageWindow Range,

digitsParameter À Unit Á

1 1 3 Voltage L1/L12 V/kV1 2 3 Voltage L2/L23 V/kV1 3 3 Voltage L3/L31 V/kV1 4 4 Current L1 A/kA1 5 4 Current L2 A/kA1 6 4 Current L3 A/kA1 7 3 Total power factor1 8 5 Total kW kW/MW1 9 5 Total kvar kvar/Mvar1 10 4 Total kVA kVA/MVA1/1 1 3 Voltage L1 V/kV1/1 4 4 Current L1 A/kA1/1 7 3 Power factor L11/1 8 5 kW L1 kW/MW1/1 9 5 kvar L1 kvar/Mvar1/1 10 4 kVA L1 kVA/MVA1/2 2 3 Voltage L2/L23 V/kV1/2 5 4 Current L2 A/kA1/2 7 3 Power factor L21/2 8 5 kW L2 kW/MW1/2 9 5 kvar L2 kvar/Mvar1/2 10 4 kVA L2 kVA/MVA1/3 3 3 Voltage L3/L31 V/kV1/3 6 4 Current L3 A/kA1/3 7 3 Power factor L31/3 8 5 kW L3 kW/MW1/3 9 5 kvar L3 kvar/Mvar1/3 10 4 kVA L3 kVA/MVA2 1 3 Maximum volt demand L1/L12 V/kV2 2 3 Maximum volt demand L2/L23 V/kV2 3 3 Maximum volt demand L3/L31 V/kV2 4 4 Maximum ampere demand L1 A/kA2 5 4 Maximum ampere demand L2 A/kA2 6 4 Maximum ampere demand L3 A/kA





2 7 3 Frequency Hz2 8 5 Max. block interval kW demand kW/MW2 9 5 Max. block interval kvar demand kvar/Mvar2 10 4 Max. block interval kVA demand kVA/MVA2/1 8 5 Max. sliding window kW demand kW/MW2/1 9 5 Max. sliding window kvar demand kvar/Mvar2/1 10 4 Max. sliding window kVA demand kVA/MVA2/2 8 5 Maximum thermal kW demand kW/MW2/2 9 5 Maximum thermal kvar demand kvar/Mvar2/2 10 4 Maximum thermal kVA demand kVA/MVA2/3 8 5 Predicted sliding win. kW demand kW/MW2/3 9 5 Predicted sliding win. kvar demand kvar/Mvar2/3 10 4 Predicted sliding win. kVA demand kVA/MVA2/4 8 5 Accumulated kW demand kW/MW2/4 9 5 Accumulated kvar demand kvar/Mvar2/4 10 4 Accumulated kVA demand kVA/MVA3 1 3 Voltage THD L1/L12 %3 2 3 Voltage THD L2/L23 %3 3 3 Voltage THD L3 %3 4 4 Current THD L1 %3 5 4 Current THD L2 %3 6 4 Current THD L3 %3 7 3 Neutral current A/kA3 8 5 kWh import (up to 9,999 MWh) Â kWh/MWh3 9 5 kvarh net (up to ±9,999 Mvarh) Â kvarh/Mvarh

3 10 4 kVAh (up to 9,999 MVAh) Â kVAh/MVAh3/1 3, 6, 9 9 kWh import (up to 999,999,999) kWh3/2 3, 6, 9 9 kWh export (up to -999,999,999) kWh3/3 3, 6, 9 9 kWh net (up to ±999,999,999) kWh

3/4 3, 6, 9 9 kWh total (up to 999,999,999) kWh3/5 3, 6, 9 9 kvarh import (up to 999,999,999) kvarh3/6 3, 6, 9 9 kvarh export (up to -999,999,999) kvarh3/7 3, 6, 9 9 kvarh net (up to ±999,999,999 kvarh





3/8 3, 6, 9 9 kvarh total (up to 999,999,999) kvarh3/9 3, 6, 9 9 kVAh total (up to 999,999,999) kVAh3/10 2, 5 6 Date of the last energy reset Ã3/10 3, 6 6 Time of the last energy reset4 1 3 H01 harmonic voltage L1/L12 V/kV4 2 3 H01 harmonic voltage L2/L23 V/kV4 3 3 H01 harmonic voltage L3 V/kV4 4 4 H01 harmonic current L1 A/kA4 5 4 H01 harmonic current L2 A/kA4 6 4 H01 harmonic current L3 A/kA4 7 3 H01 harmonic total power factor4 8 5 H01 harmonic total kW kW/MW4 9 5 H01 harmonic total kvar kvar/Mvar4/1-19 1 3 H03-H39 harmonic voltage L1/L12 V/kV4/1-19 2 3 H03-H39 harmonic voltage L2/L23 V/kV4/1-19 3 3 H03-H39 harmonic voltage L3 V/kV4/1-19 4 4 H03-H39 harmonic current L1 A/kA4/1-19 5 4 H03-H39 harmonic current L2 A/kA4/1-19 6 4 H03-H39 harmonic current L3 A/kA4/1-19 7 3 H03-H39 harmonic total PF4/1-19 8 5 H03-H39 harmonic total kW kW/MW4/1-19 9 5 H03-H39 harmonic total kvar kvar/Mvar5 4 4 K-Factor L15 5 4 K-Factor L25 6 4 K-Factor L35/1 1 3 Voltage unbalance %5/1 2 3 Current unbalance %5/1 3 3 Phase rotation (POS/NEG/ERR)5/1 7 3 Auxiliary current mA/A5/2 1 3 Status input #1 (0/1)5/2 2 3 Status input #2 (0/1)5/2 3 3 Status input #3 (0/1)5/2 4 4 Status input #4 (0/1)5/2 5 4 Status input #5 (0/1)





5/2 6 4 Status input #6 (0/1)5/2 8 5 Status input #7 (0/1)5/2 9 5 Status input #8 (0/1)5/3 1 3 Relay #1 status (0/1)5/3 2 3 Relay #2 status (0/1)5/3 3 3 Relay #3 status (0/1)5/3 4 4 Relay #4 status (0/1)5/4 1 3 Phase L1 angle degrees5/4 2 3 Phase L2 angle degrees5/4 3 3 Phase L3 angle degrees6/1-8 3, 6, 9 9 Counter #1-#8

NOTESÀ Display readings for all electrical quantities except demands and real-time harmonic parameters (pages

2 and 4) are sliding average values.Á Voltage and current readings with a decimal point are displayed in kV, kA. Auxiliary current readings

with a decimal point are displayed in amperes. Power readings with a decimal point are displayed inMW, Mvar, MVA. The short range energy readings (page 3) with a decimal point are displayed in MWh,Mvarh, MVAh. When the value width is over the window resolution, the right-most digits of the readingwill be truncated.

Â The maximum range for short energy readings displayed on page 3 is 9,999 MWh/Mvarh/MVAh.Beyond this value the reading rolls over to zero, and the corresponding display window will flash until theuser presses any key.

Ã Date format can be customized.

124 Appendix B Programmable Parameters

Appendix B Programmable ParametersTable B-1 Setup Parameters

AccessParameter Description Options Front

panelCommu-nications

Basic setup • •See Table B-2

Communications setup •See Table B-3

Discrete input setup • •Allocation group Selects one of the four input

groupsStatus inputsPulse inputsAnalog outputselector inputsExternal syncpulse input

Allocation mask Defines the inputs to be allocatedto the group

Binary mask0000000 to1111111

Counter setup • •Counter number Selects one of the eight pulse

counters1 to 8

Discrete inputnumber

Connects one of the eight discrete(pulse) inputs to the counter

1 to 8

Scale factor Defines the number of units perpulse

1 to 9999

Analog output setup • •Analog channelnumber

Selects one of the sixteenmultiplexed analog channels

1 to 16

Output parametergroup

Specifies the group for the outputparameter

see Table B-4a

Output parameter Specifies the measurementparameter for the channel

see Table B-4b

Low (zero) scale Specifies a zero-scale (0/4 mA)reading

see Table B-4b

High (full) scale Specifies a full-scale (20 mA)reading

see Table B-4b

Analog expander setup • •

Appendix B Programmable Parameters 125

Table B-1 Setup Parameters



Analog channelnumber

Selects one of the 14 analogchannels

1 to 14

Output parametergroup

Specifies the group for the outputparameter

see Table B-4a

Output parameter Specifies the measurementparameter for the channel

see Table B-4b

Low (zero) scale Specifies a zero-scale (0/4 mA)reading

see Table B-4b

High (full) scale Specifies a full-scale (20 mA)reading

see Table B-4b

Pulsing relay setup • •Relay outputnumber

Selects one of the four relayoutputs

1 to 4

Output parameter Specifies pulsing parameter see Table B-5Unit-hours perpulse

Defines the number of unit-hoursper pulse for energy pulses

0, 1 to 9999

Event/alarm setpoints • •Setpoint number Selects one of the sixteen

setpoints1 to 16

Trigger conditions definitionCondition number Selects one of the four setpoint

conditions1 to 4

Conjunction Specifies the logical operation forthe condition

OR/AND

Trigger group Specifies the group for the triggerparameter

see Table B-6

Trigger parameter Specifies the trigger parameter see Table B-7Operate condition Specifies the test condition for

the triggersee Table B-8

Operate limit Specifies the operate limit valuefor a numeric trigger

see Table B-7

Release limit Specifies the release limit valuefor a numeric trigger

see Table B-7

Setpoint actions definition





Action number Selects one of the four setpointactions

1 to 4

Action type Specifies the action to be madeon setpoint operation

see Table B-9

Action target Specifies the target to which theaction is intended

see Table B-9

Setpoint delays definitionTime unit Defines the time unit for delay

measurement0.1 sec/ 1 sec

Operate delay Specifies the time delay tooperate the setpoint

1 to 9999

Release delay Specifies the time delay to releasethe setpoint

1 to 9999

Timer setup • •Timer number Selects one of the four interval

timers1 to 4

Timer interval Defines the time interval for thetimer

1 to 9999 sec

Real-time clock setup • •Date Defines current date (in user-

programmable format for frontpanel operation)

see Section3.3.17

Time Defines the current time inHH.MM.SS format

00.00.00 to23.59.59

Day of week Defines the current day of week see Section3.3.16

Display setup •Date format Defines the date format for the

front panel displaysee Section3.3.17

Reset/clear functions • •See Table B-10

Password protection control •User password Specifies the password to enter

the protected level0 to 9999

Password control Disables/enables passwordchecking

disable/enable





Extended memory setup •Memory partition Selects the memory partition to be

setup1-19

Number of records Specifies the number of recordsfor the partition

see Section 2.150 = deletepartition

Number ofparameters in therecord

Defines the number ofparameters for a data log record

1 to 16

Partition type Specifies in what manner tobehave when the partition is filledup

non-wrap/ wraparound

Programmable Min/Max log setup •Register number Selects the programmable

Min/max log register to be setup1 to 16

Measurementparameter group

Specifies the parameter group forthe register

Measurementparameter

Specifies the measurementparameter to be associated withthe register

Data log setup •Data log partition Selects the data log partition to

program the record structure1 to 16

Parameter number Specifies the parameter numberwithin the record

1 to 16

Measurementparameter group

Specifies the parameter group

Measurementparameter

Specifies the measurementparameter to be logged

TOU System setup •TOU registers allocation

TOU registernumber

Selects one of the eight TOUaccumulating energy registers, orone of the three extreme demandregisters

1 to 11 À





TOU register inputidentifier

Specifies the input for the register

Unit-hours perpulse

Specifies the number of unit-hours per pulse when the registeris connected to an externalenergy-counting meter

1 to 9999

Daily profiles setupDaily profilenumber

Selects one of the sixteen dailyprofiles (types of days)

1 to 16

Tariff change point Selects one of the eight tariffchange points

Tariff change time Specifies the tariff start timeTariff number Selects one of the sixteen tariffs 1 to 16

TOU calendar allocationTOU calendarnumber

Selects one of the two TOUannual calendars

1 to 2

Calendar year Allocates the calendar to theparticular year

0 to 99

TOU calendar setupTOU calendarnumber

Selects one of the two TOUannual calendars

1 to 2

Calendar month Selects the calendar month 1 to 12Day of month Selects the day of month 1 to 31Profile number Specifies the profile for the day 1 to 16


Table B-2 Basic Setup Parameters

Parameter Range/ DescriptionCode Name options

ConF Wiring mode 3OP2 3-wire Open delta via 2 CTs (2 element)4Ln3 4-wire WYE via 3 PTs (3 element), line to neutral

voltage readings3dir 3-wire direct connection via 2 CTs (2 element)4LL3 4-wire WYE via 3 PTs (3 element), line to line

voltage readings3OP3 3-wire open delta via 3 CTs (2½ element)3Ln3 4-wire WYE via 2 PTs (2½ element), line-to-neutral

voltage readings3LL3 4-wire WYE via 2 PTs (2½ element), line-to-line

voltage readingsPt PT ratio 1.0 -

6500.0The phase potential transformer ratio

Ct CT primarycurrent

1-50000A The primary rating of the phase current transformer

Ct.Au Auxiliary CTprimary current

1-50000mA/A

The primary rating of the auxiliary currenttransformer

d.P Demand period 1,2,5,10,15,20,30,60,E

The length of the demand period for power demandcalculations, minutesE = external synchronization

n.dp Number ofdemand periods

1-15 The number of demand periods to be averaged forsliding window and thermal demands

t.con Thermal timeconstant

1.0 -3600.0 sc

Thermal element time constant for thermal demandcalculation

UA.dP Volt/amperedemand period

0-1800sec

The length of the demand period for volt andampere demand calculations0 = measuring peak voltage and current

PrE.C Number of pre-event cycles

1-8 The number of pre-event cycles for recordingdisturbances

buF Averaging buffersize

8,16,32 The number of measurements for RMS slidingaveraging

rSt Resetenable/disable

diS, En Protects all reset/clear functions either via the frontpanel or communications. When set to diS, reset isdisabled.


Table B-3 Communications Setup Parameters

Parameter Range/ DescriptionCode Name options

Prot Communica- ASCII ASCII protocoltions protocol rtu Modbus RTU protocol(mode) tElE ASCII protocol via a modem

Prnt Printer outputrS Interface 232 RS-232 interface

standard 422 RS-422 interface485 RS-485 interface

Addr Address 0-247 Powermeter addressbAud Baud rate 110 110 baud

300 300 baud600 600 baud1200 1200 baud2400 2400 baud4800 4800 baud9600 9600 baud19.2 19,200 baud38.4 38,400 baud

dAtA Data format 7E 7 bits, even parity8n 8 bits, no parity8E 8 bits, even parity

H.Sh Incoming nonE No handshakingflow controlhandshaking)

SOFt Software handshaking (XON/XOFFprotocol)

HArd Hardware handshaking (CTS protocol)Ctrl Outgoing nonE DTR/RTS signal isn't used

flow controlDTR/RTS)

dtr DTR/RTS signal permanently asserted

rtS DTR/RTS signal asserted during thetransmission

Prn.P Printout period 1,2,5,10,15,20,30,60

Time interval between successiveprintouts, min


Table B-4a Analog Output Groups

Code DescriptionnonE Analog output channel disabledrt.Ph Real-time per phase measurementsrt.to Real-time three-phase total measurementsrt.Au Real-time auxiliary measurementsAr.Ph Average per phase measurementsAr.to Average three-phase total valuesAr.Au Average auxiliary measurementsdnd Present demandshr.U1 L1/L12 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics)hr.U2 L2/L23 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics)hr.U3 L3 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics)hr.C1 L1 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics)hr.C2 L2 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics)hr.C3 L3 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics)hr.Ac Harmonic total active powers (odd harmonics)hr.rE Harmonic total reactive powers (odd harmonics)hr.PF Harmonic total power factors (odd harmonics)

Table B-4b Analog Output Parameters

Parameter Unit Range/scale ÀGroup Code Name Á Zero Full

nonE nonE Output channel disabled n/a 0 0rt.Ph Real-time values per phase

U 1 Voltage L1/L12 V 0 VmaxU 2 Voltage L2/L23 V 0 VmaxU 3 Voltage L3/L31 V 0 Vmaxcur1 Current L1 A 0 Imaxcur2 Current L2 A 0 Imaxcur3 Current L3 A 0 ImaxAc.P1 kW L1 kW -Pmax PmaxAc.P2 kW L2 kW -Pmax PmaxAc.P3 kW L3 kW -Pmax Pmax




rE.P1 kvar L1 kvar -Pmax PmaxrE.P2 kvar L2 kvar -Pmax PmaxrE.P3 kvar L3 kvar -Pmax PmaxAP.P1 kVA L1 kVA 0 PmaxAP.P2 kVA L2 kVA 0 PmaxAP.P3 kVA L3 kVA 0 PmaxPF1 Power factor L1 n/a -1.00 1.00PF2 Power factor L2 n/a -1.00 1.00PF3 Power factor L3 n/a -1.00 1.00th.U1 Voltage THD L1/L12 % 0 100.0th.U2 Voltage THD L2/L23 % 0 100.0th.U3 Voltage THD L3 % 0 100.0th.C1 Current THD L1 % 0 100.0th.C2 Current THD L2 % 0 100.0th.C3 Current THD L3 % 0 100.0HFc.1 K-Factor L1 n/a 1.0 999.9HFc.2 K-Factor L2 n/a 1.0 999.9HFc.3 K-Factor L3 n/a 1.0 999.9

rt.to Real-time total valuesAc.P Total kW kW -Pmax PmaxrE.P Total kvar kvar -Pmax PmaxAP.P Total kVA kVA 0 PmaxPF Total PF n/a -1.00 1.00PF.LG Total PF Lag n/a 0 1.00PF.Ld Total PF Lead n/a 0 1.00

rt.Au Real-time auxiliary measurementsAu.C Auxiliary current mA/A 0 Iaux maxnEU.C Neutral current A 0 ImaxFrEq Frequency Â Hz 0 100.0U.Unb Voltage unbalance % 0 300C.Unb Current unbalance % 0 300

Ar.Ph Average values per phaseU 1 Voltage L1/L12 V 0 Vmax




U 2 Voltage L2/L23 V 0 VmaxU 3 Voltage L3/L31 V 0 Vmaxcur1 Current L1 A 0 Imaxcur2 Current L2 A 0 Imaxcur3 Current L3 A 0 ImaxAc.P1 kW L1 kW -Pmax PmaxAc.P2 kW L2 kW -Pmax PmaxAc.P3 kW L3 kW -Pmax PmaxrE.P1 kvar L1 kvar -Pmax PmaxrE.P2 kvar L2 kvar -Pmax PmaxrE.P3 kvar L3 kvar -Pmax PmaxAP.P1 kVA L1 kVA 0 PmaxAP.P2 kVA L2 kVA 0 PmaxAP.P3 kVA L3 kVA 0 PmaxPF1 Power factor L1 n/a -1.00 1.00PF2 Power factor L2 n/a -1.00 1.00PF3 Power factor L3 n/a -1.00 1.00th.U1 Voltage THD L1/L12 % 0 100.0th.U2 Voltage THD L2/L23 % 0 100.0th.U3 Voltage THD L3 % 0 100.0th.C1 Current THD L1 % 0 100.0th.C2 Current THD L2 % 0 100.0th.C3 Current THD L3 % 0 100.0HFc.1 K-Factor L1 n/a 1.0 999.9HFc.2 K-Factor L2 n/a 1.0 999.9HFc.3 K-Factor L3 n/a 1.0 999.9

Ar.to Average total valuesAc.P Total kW kW -Pmax PmaxrE.P Total kvar kvar -Pmax PmaxAP.P Total kVA kVA 0 PmaxPF Total PF n/a -1.00 1.00PF.LG Total PF Lag n/a 0 1.00




PF.Ld Total PF Lead n/a 0 1.00Ar.Au Average auxiliary measurements

Au.C Auxiliary current mA/A 0 Iaux maxnEU.C Neutral current A 0 ImaxFrEq Frequency Â Hz 0 100.0U.Unb Voltage unbalance % 0 300C.Unb Current unbalance % 0 300

dnd Present demandsUd. 1 Volt demand L1 V 0 VmaxUd. 2 Volt demand L2 V 0 VmaxUd. 3 Volt demand L3 V 0 VmaxAd. 1 Ampere demand L1 A 0 ImaxAd. 2 Ampere demand L2 A 0 ImaxAd. 3 Ampere demand L3 A 0 ImaxAc.bd Block kW demand (import) kW 0 PmaxrE.bd Block kvar demand (total) kvar 0 PmaxAP.bd Block kVA demand kVA 0 PmaxAc.Sd Sliding window kW demand

(import)kW 0 Pmax

rE.Sd Sliding window kvar demand(total)

kvar 0 Pmax

AP.Sd Sliding window kVA demand kVA 0 PmaxAc.td Thermal kW demand (import) kW 0 PmaxrE.td Thermal kvar demand (total) kvar 0 PmaxAP.td Thermal kVA demand kVA 0 PmaxAc.Ad Accumulated kW demand

(import)kW 0 Pmax

rE.Ad Accumulated kvar demand(total)

kvar 0 Pmax

AP.Ad Accumulated kVA demand kVA 0 PmaxAc.Pd Predicted kW demand (import) kW 0 PmaxrE.Pd Predicted kvar demand (total) kvar 0 PmaxAP.Pd Predicted kVA demand kVA 0 Pmax

hr.U1 L1/L12 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics)




H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 V 0 Vmaxhr.U2 L2/L23 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics)

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 V 0 Vmaxhr.U3 L3 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics)

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 V 0 Vmaxhr.C1 L1 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics)

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 A 0 Imaxhr.C2 L2 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics)

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 A 0 Imaxhr.C3 L3 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics)

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 A 0 Imaxhr.Ac Harmonic total active powers (odd harmonics)

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 kW -Pmax Pmaxhr.rE Harmonic total reactive powers (odd harmonics)

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 kvar -Pmax Pmaxhr.PF Harmonic total power factors (odd harmonics)

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 n/a -1.00 1.00

À The parameter window resolution is 7 digits. The parameter limits are as follows:

Vmax (660V input option) = 660 [V] @ PT ratio = 1.0 and Vmax = 144 × PTratio [V] @ PT ratio > 1.0Vmax (120V input option) = 144 × PT Ratio [V]Imax = 1.2 × CT primary current [A]Iaux max = 1.2 × Auxiliary CT primary current [mA/A]Pmax = (Imax × Vmax × 3)/1000 [kW] @ Wiring mode 4Ln3 or 3Ln3Pmax = (Imax × Vmax × 2)/1000 [kW] @ Wiring mode 4LL3, 3OP2, 3dir, 3OP3or 3LL3

Á Readings with a decimal point are displayed as MW, Mvar, MVA.

Â The actual frequency range is 45.0 - 65.0 Hz


Table B-5 Pulsing Relay Outputs

Outputlabel

Description

nonE Relay pulses disabledAc.Ei kWh importedAc.EE kWh exportedAc.Et kWh totalrE.Ei kvarh importedrE.EE kvarh exportedrE.Et kvarh totalAP.Et kVAh totaldint Demand interval pulsetArF Tariff interval pulse

Table B-6 Setpoint Trigger Groups

Group label Description

nonE No triggerSPEC Special inputsuSr.E User event flags/manual controlint.E Internal eventst-r TimersSt.In Status inputsPS.In Pulse inputsrEL Relay statusCnt Counters

tiΠE Time/date parameters

rt.Ph Real-time per phase measurementsrt.Lo Real-time low values on any phasert.Hi Real-time high values on any phasert.to Real-time three-phase total measurementsrt.Au Real-time auxiliary measurementsAr.Ph Average per phase measurementsAr.Lo Average low values on any phaseAr.Hi Average high values on any phaseAr.to Average three-phase total measurementsAr.Au Average auxiliary measurements


Table B-6 Setpoint Trigger Groups

Group label Description

dnd Present demandshd.U1 L1/L12 phase voltage harmonicshd.U2 L2/L23 phase voltage harmonicshd.U3 L3 phase voltage harmonicshd.C1 L1 phase current harmonicshd.C2 L2 phase current harmonicshd.C3 L3 phase current harmonicshr.U1 L1/L12 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics)hr.U2 L2/L23 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics)hr.U3 L3 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics)hr.C1 L1 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics)hr.C2 L2 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics)hr.C3 L3 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics)hr.Ac Harmonic total active powers (odd harmonics)hr.rE Harmonic total reactive powers (odd harmonics)hr.PF Harmonic total power factors (odd harmonics)Lo.Ph New minimum real-time values per phaseLo.to New minimum real-time total valuesLo.Au New minimum real-time auxiliary valuesLo.dn New minimum demandsLo.PG New programmable Min/Max minimum logHi.Ph New maximum real-time values per phaseHi.to New maximum real-time total valuesHi.Au New maximum real-time auxiliary valuesHi.dn New maximum demandsHi.PG New programmable Min/Max maximum logtOU TOU system parametersLt.Ac New TOU minimum kW demandsLt.rE New TOU minimum kvar demandsLt.AP New TOU minimum kVA demandsHt.Ac New TOU maximum kW demandsHt.rE New TOU maximum kvar demandsHt.AP New TOU maximum kVA demands


Table B-7 Setpoint Trigger Parameters

Group Parameter Unit Range À Conditionlabel Label Name Á label

nonE nonE No trigger nonE

SPEC Special inputs Å GE/LE/Eq/nE

U.dtb Voltage disturbance % 0 -100 ÆPh.ro Phase rotation Err/PoS/nEG

uSr.E User event flags/manual control On/OFF

FLG.1-FLG.8

Event flag #1 - #8

int.E Internal events On/OFF

Ac.Ei kWh import pulseAc.EE kWh export pulseAc.Et kWh total pulserE.Ei kvarh import pulserE.EE kvarh export pulserE.Et kvarh total pulseAP.Et kVAh total pulsedint Demand interval pulsetArF Tariff interval pulse

t-r Timers On/OFF

t-r1- t-r4 Timer #1 - #4St.In Status inputs On/OFF

StS.1-StS.8

Status input #1 - #8

PS.In Pulse inputs On/OFF

InP1-InP8

Pulse input #1 - #8

rEL Relay status On/OFF

rEL.1-rEL.4

Relay #1 - #4

Cnt Counters GE/LE/Eq/nE

Cnt1-Cnt8

Counter #1 -#8 0 to999,999,999

tiΠE Time/date Å GE/LE/Eq/nE

date Date 01.01.00 to31.12.99 Ã




tiΠE Time 00.00.00 to23.59.59

dAY.U Day of weekYEAr Year 0 to 99

Πon Month 1 to 12

dAY.Π Day of month 1 to 31

hour Hour 0 to 23

Πin Minute 0 to 59

SEC Second 0 to 59rt.Ph Real-time values per phase GE/LE/Eq/nE

U 1 Voltage L1/L12 V 0 to VmaxU 2 Voltage L2/L23 V 0 to VmaxU 3 Voltage L3/L31 V 0 to Vmaxcur1 Current L1 A 0 to Imaxcur2 Current L2 A 0 to Imaxcur3 Current L3 A 0 to ImaxAc.P1 kW L1 kW -Pmax to PmaxAc.P2 kW L2 kW -Pmax to PmaxAc.P3 kW L3 kW -Pmax to PmaxrE.P1 kvar L1 kvar -Pmax to PmaxrE.P2 kvar L2 kvar -Pmax to PmaxrE.P3 kvar L3 kvar -Pmax to PmaxAP.P1 kVA L1 kVA 0 to PmaxAP.P2 kVA L2 kVA 0 to PmaxAP.P3 kVA L3 kVA 0 to PmaxPF1 Power factor L1 -1.00 to 1.00PF2 Power factor L2 -1.00 to 1.00PF3 Power factor L3 -1.00 to 1.00th.U1 Voltage THD L1/L12 % 0 to 100.0th.U2 Voltage THD L2/L23 % 0 to 100.0th.U3 Voltage THD L3 % 0 to 100.0th.C1 Current THD L1 % 0 to 100.0th.C2 Current THD L2 % 0 to 100.0




th.C3 Current THD L3 % 0 to 100.0HFc.1 K-Factor L1 1.0 to 999.9HFc.2 K-Factor L2 1.0 to 999.9HFc.3 K-Factor L3 1.0 to 999.9

rt.Lo Real-time low values on any phase GE/LE/Eq/nE

U Low voltage V 0 to Vmaxcur Low current A 0 to ImaxAc.P Low kW kW -Pmax to PmaxrE.P Low kvar kvar -Pmax to PmaxAP.P Low kVA kVA 0 to PmaxPF.LG Low power factor lag 0 to 1.00PF.Ld Low power factor lead 0 to 1.00thd.U Low voltage THD % 0 to 100.0thd.C Low current THD % 0 to 100.0HFc. Low K-Factor 1.0 to 999.9

rt.Hi Real-time high values on any phase GE/LE/Eq/nE

U High voltage V 0 to Vmaxcur High current A 0 to ImaxAc.P High kW kW -Pmax to PmaxrE.P High kvar kvar -Pmax to PmaxAP.P High kVA kVA 0 to PmaxPF.LG High power factor lag 0 to 1.00PF.Ld High power factor lead 0 to 1.00thd.U High voltage THD % 0 to 100.0thd.C High current THD % 0 to 100.0HFc. High K-Factor 1.0 to 999.9

rt.to Real-time total values GE/LE/Eq/nE

Ac.P Total kW kW -Pmax to PmaxrE.P Total kvar kvar -Pmax to PmaxAP.P Total kVA kVA 0 to PmaxPF Total PF -1.00 to 1.00PF.LG Total PF Lag 0 to 1.00PF.Ld Total PF Lead 0 to 1.00

rt.Au Real-time auxiliary measurements GE/LE/Eq/nE




Au.C Auxiliary current mA/A 0 to Iaux maxnEU.C Neutral current A 0 to ImaxFrEq Frequency Â Hz 0 to 100.0U.Unb Voltage unbalance % 0 to 300C.Unb Current unbalance % 0 to 300

Ar.Ph Average values per phase GE/LE/Eq/nE

U 1 Voltage L1/L12 V 0 to VmaxU 2 Voltage L2/L23 V 0 to VmaxU 3 Voltage L3/L31 V 0 to Vmaxcur1 Current L1 A 0 to Imaxcur2 Current L2 A 0 to Imaxcur3 Current L3 A 0 to ImaxAc.P1 kW L1 kW -Pmax to PmaxAc.P2 kW L2 kW -Pmax to PmaxAc.P3 kW L3 kW -Pmax to PmaxrE.P1 kvar L1 kvar -Pmax to PmaxrE.P2 kvar L2 kvar -Pmax to PmaxrE.P3 kvar L3 kvar -Pmax to PmaxAP.P1 kVA L1 kVA 0 to PmaxAP.P2 kVA L2 kVA 0 to PmaxAP.P3 kVA L3 kVA 0 to PmaxPF1 Power factor L1 -1.00 to 1.00PF2 Power factor L2 -1.00 to 1.00PF3 Power factor L3 -1.00 to 1.00th.U1 Voltage THD L1/L12 % 0 to 100.0th.U2 Voltage THD L2/L23 % 0 to 100.0th.U3 Voltage THD L3 % 0 to 100.0th.C1 Current THD L1 % 0 to 100.0th.C2 Current THD L2 % 0 to 100.0th.C3 Current THD L3 % 0 to 100.0HFc.1 K-Factor L1 1.0 to 999.9HFc.2 K-Factor L2 1.0 to 999.9HFc.3 K-Factor L3 1.0 to 999.9




Ar.Lo Average low values on any phase GE/LE/Eq/nE

U Low voltage V 0 to Vmaxcur Low current A 0 to ImaxAc.P Low kW kW -Pmax to PmaxrE.P Low kvar kvar -Pmax to PmaxAP.P Low kVA kVA 0 to PmaxPF.LG Low power factor lag 0 to 1.00PF.Ld Low power factor lead 0 to 1.00thd.U Low voltage THD % 0 to 100.0thd.C Low current THD % 0 to 100.0HFc. Low K-Factor 1.0 to 999.9

Ar.Hi Average high values on any phase GE/LE/Eq/nE

U High voltage V 0 to Vmaxcur High current A 0 to ImaxAc.P High kW kW -Pmax to PmaxrE.P High kvar kvar -Pmax to PmaxAP.P High kVA kVA 0 to PmaxPF.LG High power factor lag 0 to 1.00PF.Ld High power factor lead 0 to 1.00thd.U High voltage THD % 0 to 100.0thd.C High current THD % 0 to 100.0HFc. High K-Factor 1.0 to 999.9

Ar.to Average total values GE/LE/Eq/nE

Ac.P Total kW kW -Pmax to PmaxrE.P Total kvar kvar -Pmax to PmaxAP.P Total kVA kVA 0 to PmaxPF Total PF -1.00 to 1.00PF.LG Total PF Lag 0 to 1.00PF.Ld Total PF Lead 0 to 1.00

Ar.Au Average auxiliary measurements GE/LE/Eq/nE

Au.C Auxiliary current mA/A 0 to Iaux maxnEU.C Neutral current A 0 to ImaxFrEq Frequency Â Hz 0 to 100.0




U.Unb Voltage unbalance % 0 to 300C.Unb Current unbalance % 0 to 300

dnd Present demands GE/LE/Eq/nE

Ud. 1 Volt demand L1 V 0 to VmaxUd. 2 Volt demand L2 V 0 to VmaxUd. 3 Volt demand L3 V 0 to VmaxAd. 1 Ampere demand L1 A 0 to ImaxAd. 2 Ampere demand L2 A 0 to ImaxAd. 3 Ampere demand L3 A 0 to ImaxAc.bd Block kW demand kW 0 to PmaxrE.bd Block kvar demand kvar 0 to PmaxAP.bd Block kVA demand kVA 0 to PmaxAc.Sd Sliding window kW demand kW 0 to PmaxrE.Sd Sliding window kvar demand kvar 0 to PmaxAP.Sd Sliding window kVA

demandkVA 0 to Pmax

Ac.td Thermal kW demand kW 0 to PmaxrE.td Thermal kvar demand kvar 0 to PmaxAP.td Thermal kVA demand kVA 0 to PmaxAc.Ad Accumulated kW demand kW 0 to PmaxrE.Ad Accumulated kvar demand kvar 0 to PmaxAP.Ad Accumulated kVA demand kVA 0 to PmaxAc.Pd Predicted kW demand kW 0 to PmaxrE.Pd Predicted kvar demand kvar 0 to PmaxAP.Pd Predicted kVA demand kVA 0 to Pmax

hd.U1 L1/L12 phase voltage harmonics GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H40 Harmonic H01-H40 % 0 to 100.00hd.U2 L2/L23 phase voltage harmonics GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H40 Harmonic H01-H40 % 0 to 100.00hd.U3 L3 phase voltage harmonics GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H40 Harmonic H01-H40 % 0 to 100.00hd.C1 L1 phase current harmonics GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H40 Harmonic H01-H40 % 0 to 100.00




hd.C2 L2 phase current harmonics GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H40 Harmonic H01-H40 % 0 to 100.00hd.C3 L3 phase current harmonics GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H40 Harmonic H01-H40 % 0 to 100.00hr.U1 L1/L12 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics) GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 V 0 to Vmaxhr.U2 L2/L23 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics) GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 V 0 to Vmaxhr.U3 L3 phase harmonic voltages (odd harmonics) GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 V 0 to Vmaxhr.C1 L1 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics) GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 A 0 to Imaxhr.C2 L2 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics) GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 A 0 to Imaxhr.C3 L3 phase harmonic currents (odd harmonics) GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 A 0 to Imaxhr.Ac Harmonic total kW (odd harmonics) GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 kW -Pmax to Pmaxhr.rE Harmonic total kvar (odd harmonics) GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 kvar -Pmax to Pmaxhr.PF Harmonic total power factors (odd harmonics) GE/LE/Eq/nE

H01-H39 Harmonic H01-H39 n/a -1.00 to 1.00Lo.Ph New minimum real-time values per phase nEU

U 1 Voltage L1/L12U 2 Voltage L2/L23U 3 Voltage L3/L31cur1 Current L1cur2 Current L2cur3 Current L3Ac.P1 kW L1Ac.P2 kW L2Ac.P3 kW L3rE.P1 kvar L1




rE.P2 kvar L2rE.P3 kvar L3AP.P1 kVA L1AP.P2 kVA L2AP.P3 kVA L3PF1 Power factor L1 ÄPF2 Power factor L2 ÄPF3 Power factor L3 Äth.U1 Voltage THD L1/L12th.U2 Voltage THD L2/L23th.U3 Voltage THD L3th.C1 Current THD L1th.C2 Current THD L2th.C3 Current THD L3HFc.1 K-Factor L1HFc.2 K-Factor L2HFc.3 K-Factor L3

Lo.to New minimum real-time total values neU

Ac.P Total kWrE.P Total kvarAP.P Total kVAPF Total PF ÄPF.LG Total PF LagPF.Ld Total PF Lead

Lo.Au New minimum real-time auxiliary values nEU

Au.C Auxiliary currentnEU.C Neutral currentFrEq FrequencyU.Unb Voltage unbalanceC.Unb Current unbalance

Lo.dn New minimum demands nEU

Ud. 1 Volt demand L1Ud. 2 Volt demand L2




Ud. 3 Volt demand L3Ad. 1 Ampere demand L1Ad. 2 Ampere demand L2Ad. 3 Ampere demand L3Ac.bd Block kW demandrE.bd Block kvar demandAP.bd Block kVA demandAc.Sd Sliding window kW demandrE.Sd Sliding window kvar demandAP.Sd Sliding window kVA

demandAc.td Thermal kW demandrE.td Thermal kvar demandAP.td Thermal kVA demand

Lo.PG Programmable Min/Max minimum registers nEUrG.01-rG.16

Programmable Min/Maxregister #1 - #16

Hi.Ph New maximum real-time values per phase nEUU 1 Voltage L1/L12U 2 Voltage L2/L23U 3 Voltage L3/L31cur1 Current L1cur2 Current L2cur3 Current L3Ac.P1 kW L1Ac.P2 kW L2Ac.P3 kW L3rE.P1 kvar L1rE.P2 kvar L2rE.P3 kvar L3AP.P1 kVA L1AP.P2 kVA L2AP.P3 kVA L3PF1 Power factor L1 ÄPF2 Power factor L2 Ä




PF3 Power factor L3 Äth.U1 Voltage THD L1/L12th.U2 Voltage THD L2/L23th.U3 Voltage THD L3th.C1 Current THD L1th.C2 Current THD L2th.C3 Current THD L3HFc.1 K-Factor L1HFc.2 K-Factor L2HFc.3 K-Factor L3

Hi.to New maximum real-time total values neU

Ac.P Total kWrE.P Total kvarAP.P Total kVAPF Total PF ÄPF.LG Total PF LagPF.Ld Total PF Lead

Hi.Au New maximum real-time auxiliary values nEU

Au.C Auxiliary currentnEU.C Neutral currentFrEq FrequencyU.Unb Voltage unbalanceC.Unb Current unbalance

Hi.dn New maximum demands nEU

Ud. 1 Volt demand L1Ud. 2 Volt demand L2Ud. 3 Volt demand L3Ad. 1 Ampere demand L1Ad. 2 Ampere demand L2Ad. 3 Ampere demand L3Ac.bd Block kW demandrE.bd Block kvar demandAP.bd Block kVA demand




Ac.Sd Sliding window kW demandrE.Sd Sliding window kvar demandAP.Sd Sliding window kVA

demandAc.td Thermal kW demandrE.td Thermal kvar demandAP.td Thermal kVA demand

Hi.PG Programmable Min/Max maximum registers nEUrG.01-rG.16

Programmable Min/Maxregister #1 - #16

tOU TOU System parameters GE/LE/Eq/nEtArF Active tariff tF01 - tF16ProF Active profile Pr01 - Pr16

Lt.Ac New TOU System minimum kW demands nEUtF01 -tF16

Tariff #1 - #16

Lt.rE New TOU System minimum kvar demands nEUtF01 -tF16

Tariff #1 - #16

Lt.AP New TOU System minimum kVA demands nEUtF01 -tF16

Tariff #1 - #16

Ht.Ac New TOU System maximum kW demands nEUtF01 -tF16

Tariff #1 - #16

Ht.rE New TOU System maximum kvar demands nEUtF01 -tF16

Tariff #1 - #16

Ht.AP New TOU System minimum kVA demands nEUtF01 -tF16

Tariff #1 - #16

À The display window resolution is 7 digits. The limits are as follows:

Vmax (660 V input option) = 660 [V] @ PT ratio = 1.0 and Vmax = 144 × PTratio [V] @ PT ratio > 1.0Vmax (120 V input option) = 144 × PT Ratio [V]Imax = 1.2 × CT primary current [A]


Iaux max = 1.2 × Auxiliary CT primary current [mA/A]Pmax = (Imax × Vmax × 3)/1000 [kW] @ Wiring mode 4Ln3 or 3Ln3Pmax = (Imax × Vmax × 2)/1000 [kW] @ Wiring mode 4LL3, 3OP2, 3dir, 3OP3,or 3LL3

Á Power readings with a decimal point are displayed in MW, Mvar, MVA.Â The actual frequency range is 45.0 - 65.0 HzÃ The date format can be customized.Ä New absolute value (lag or lead).Å Release limit not used.Æ Operate limit for the voltage disturbance trigger specifies the voltage deviation allowed

in percentage of nominal (full scale) voltage, which refers to line-to-line voltage in a3DIR wiring mode, and to line-to-neutral voltage in other modes. The nominal voltage is120V RMS for instruments with the 120V input option, and 380V RMS for instrumentswith the 660V input option.

Table B-8 Setpoint Conditions

Label Operate condition Release condition Limits

GE Greater or equal (overoperate limit)

Less or equal (underrelease limit)

Both limits active

LE Less or equal (underoperate limit)

Greater or equal (overrelease limit)

Both limits active

Eq Equal Not equal Release limit not usednE Not equal Equal Release limit not usedOn ON OFF Both limits not usedOFF OFF ON Both limits not usednEU NEW min/max value n/a Both limits not used

Table B-9 Setpoint Actions

Action type Action targetLabel Description Range Description

nonE No action nonE No targetSEt.E Set user event flag FLG.1 - FLG.8 Flag numberrES.E Reset user event flag FLG.1 - FLG.8 Flag numberrEL Operate relay rEL.1 - rEL.4 Relay numberInc.C Increment counter Cnt1 - Cnt8 Counter numberdEc.C Decrement counter Cnt1 - Cnt8 Counter number


Table B-9 Setpoint Actions

Action type Action targetLabel Description Range Description

rES.C Clear counter Cnt1 - Cnt8 Counter numberClr.E Reset energy registers nonE n/aClr.d Reset extreme demands nonE n/aCl.tE Reset TOU energy nonE n/aCl.td Reset TOU demands nonE n/aClr.C Clear counters nonE n/aCl.LH Clear Min/Max registers nonE n/aEU.LG Event logging OPEr = setpoint

operationrELS = setpointreleaseAnY = eithertransition

Setpoint transitionmode - type of eventsthat trigger logging

dt.LG Data logging LG01-LG16 Log numberLF.LG High-speed (32/16)

waveform loggingnonE n/a

HF.LG High-resolution (128/4)waveform logging

nonE n/a

Table B-10 Reset/clear Functions

AccessFunction Description Front-


Clear total energy registers Resets total accumulating energyregisters

• •

Clear total extremedemands

Resets total extreme(minimum/maximum) demands

• •

Clear TOU energy registers Resets TOU accumulating energyregisters

• •

Clear TOU extremedemands

Resets TOU extreme(minimum/maximum) demands

• •

Clear pulse counters Resets all counters • •Clear Min/Max log Clears all real-time Min/Max log

registers• •

Clear event log Clears the event log partition •Clear data log Clears one of 16 data log partitions •


Table B-10 Reset/clear Functions

AccessFunction Description Front-


Clear high-speed (32/16)waveform log

Clears high-speed waveform logpartition

•

Clear high-resolution (128/4)waveform log

Clears the high-resolution waveformlog partition

•

Restore event log Restores the event log queue •Restore data log Restores the read queue for one of

the 16 data log partitions•

Restore high-speed (32/16)waveform log

Restores the read queue for the high-speed waveform log partition

•

Restore high-resolution(128/4) waveform log

Restores the read queue for thehigh-resolution waveform logpartition

•

152 ATechnical Specificationsppendix D Cable Drawings - Computer Connection

Appendix C Setpoint Programming Form

Setpoint #

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 ORCondition #2Condition #3Condition #4


Action type Action target Unit Operate ReleaseAction #1Action #2Action #3Action #4

Setpoint #

Trigger conditions


Operatelimit

Releaselimit

Condition #1 ORCondition #2Condition #3Condition #4


Action type Action target Unit Operate ReleaseAction #1Action #2Action #3Action #4

Technical Specifications Appendix D Cable Drawings - Computer Connection 153

Appendix D Cable Drawings - ComputerConnectionRS-232 Cable ConnectionsSimple 3-wire ConnectionSet the handshaking mode and DTR/RTS control line to NONE (see Section3.3.8). At the PC cable end, make a short between DSR & DTR pins, and betweenRTS & CTS pins.

25-pin Computer Connector

9-pin DB9 male connector 25-pin DB25 female connector

1

2

3Powermeter

TxD

RxD

RxD

TxD

7

3

2

6

5

5

4

20

DSR

CTS

GND GND

IBM PC/Compatible

4RTS

DTRDSR/CTS

DTR/RTS



1

2

3Powermeter

TxD

RxD

RxD

TxD3

2

6

5

5

4 DSR

CTS

GND GND

4

8

IBM PC/Compatible

RTS

DTR

7

DSR/CTS

DTR/RTS


Connection Using Hardware HandshakingSet the handshaking mode to hardware mode, and the DTR/RTS control line toDTR mode (see Section 3.3.8). At the PC cable end, make a short between RTS &CTS pins.



1

2

3Powermeter

TxD

RxD

RxD

TxD

7

3

2

6

5

5

4

20

DSR

CTS

GND GND

IBM PC/Compatible

4RTS

DTRDSR/CTS

DTR/RTS



1

2

3Powermeter

TxD

RxD

RxD

TxD3

2

6

5

5

4 DSR

CTS

GND GND

4

8

IBM PC/Compatible

RTS

DTR

7

DSR/CTS

DTR/RTS


RS-422 Multidrop Cable Connections1. Install the 120 ohm 1/4 watt terminating resistors externally at the end

points of the cable on the last instrument in the chain and on the mastercomputer.

2. The shield of each segment of the cable must be connected to theground at one end only.

3. Avoid star or stub connected topologies.


RxD

TxD-

RxD-

120

#32

TxD

Shield

RxD-

TxD-

RxD

TxD

RxD-

#2

TxD-

RxD

#1

TxD2

TxD-

RxD-

RTS

CTS

CTS-

RTS-Shield

16

17

5

4

14

15

RxD

TxD

Shield

1203

Powermeters IBM PC/compatibleA 25-pin DB25 female connector

Ω

Ω

9-pin DB9 male connectors

6

7

8

9

6

7

7

8

8

9

9

6



RxD

TxD-

RxD-

120

#32

TxD

Shield

RxD-

TxD-

RxD

TxD

RxD-

#2

TxD-

RxD

#1

TxD

TxD-

RxD-

RTS

CTS

CTS-

RTS-Shield

5

4

RxD

TxD

Shield

120

3

Ω

Ω

Powermeters

8

9

2

7

6

A 9-pin DB9 female connectorIBM PC/compatible


6

7

8

9

6

7

8

9

6

7

8

9


RS-485 Multidrop Cable Connections1. Install the 120 ohm 1/4 watt terminating resistors externally at the end

points of the cable, on the last instrument in the chain and on the mastercomputer.

2. The shield of each segment of the cable must be connected to theground at one end only.

3. Avoid star or stub connected topologies.


RxD

RxD-

TxD-

#32

TxD

120

Shield

TxD-

RxD-

RxD

TxD

RxD-

#2

RxD

TxD-

Shield

#1

TxD

Shield

2

16CTS-

17

RxD-

TxD-

CTS

RTS-

RTS

120

5

4

15

14

TxD

RxD3

IBM PC/compatibleA 25-pin DB25 female connector

Powermeters

Ω

Ω


6

7

8

9

6

7

8

9

6

7

8

9



RxD

RxD-

TxD-

#32

TxD

120

Shield

TxD-

RxD-

RxD

TxD

RxD-

#2

RxD

TxD-

Shield

#1

TxD

Shield

2

CTS-

RxD-

TxD-

CTS

RTS-

RTS

120

5

4TxD

RxD

3

IBM PC/compatiblePowermeters

Ω

Ω

A 9-pin DB9 female connector

8

9

7

6


6

7

8

9

6

7

8

9

6

7

8

9

Appendix E Cable Drawings - Printer Connection 159

Appendix E Cable Drawings - SerialPrinter Connection

Simple 3-wire ConnectionSet the handshaking mode and the DTR/RTS control line to NONE (see Section3.3.8). Do not use this connection if your printer has less than 256 bytes of inputbuffer.

At the printer's cable end, make a short between DSR and DTR pins.

25-pin DTE Printer Connector

1

2

3Powermeter Printer

TxD

RxD

RxD

TxD

7

3

2

6

5

5

4

20

DSR

DTR

CTS

GND GND

A 9-pin DB9 male connector A 25-pin DB25 female connector

DSR/CTS

DTR/RTS


1

2

3Powermeter Printer

TxD

RxD

RxD

TxD3

2

6

5

5

4 DSR

DTR

CTS

GND GND


4

8

DSR/CTS

DTR/RTS

160 Appendix E Cable Drawings - Printer Connection

25-pin DCE Printer Connector

1

2

3Powermeter Printer

TxD

RxD RxD

TxD7

3

2

5

4 20DTR

GND GND

A 9-pin DB9 male connector A 25-pin DB25 male connector

RTS4

DSR6DSR/CTS

DTR/RTS

In some printers, an additional short may be needed between DSR and RTS pins(dashed line).


1

2

3Powermeter Printer

TxD

RxD RxD

TxD

7

3

2

5

4 DTR

GND GND

A 9-pin DB9 male connector

RTS

4DSR

6


5

DSR/CTS

DTR/RTS

In some printers, an additional short may be needed between DSR and RTS pins(dashed line).

Appendix E Cable Drawings - Printer Connection 161

Connection Using Hardware HandshakingSet handshaking mode to 'hardware mode', and the DTR/RTS control line to DTRmode (see Section 3.3.8).

In some printers, a short between DSR and CTS pins may be needed (dashedline).


1

2

3Powermeter Printer

TxD

RxD

RxD

TxD

7

3

2

6

5

5

4

20

DSR

DTR

CTS

GND GND


DSR/CTS

DTR/RTS


1

2

3Powermeter Printer

TxD

RxD

RxD

TxD3

2

6

5

5

4 DSR

DTR

CTS

GND GND


4

8

DSR/CTS

DTR/RTS

162 Appendix E Cable Drawings - Printer Connection


1

2

3Powermeter Printer

TxD

RxD RxD

TxD7

3

2

5

4 20DTR

GND GND


RTS4

DSR6DSR/CTS

DTR/RTS


1

2

3Powermeter Printer

TxD

RxD RxD

TxD

7

3

2

5

4 DTR

GND GND


RTS

4DSR

6


5

DSR/CTS

DTR/RTS

Appendix F Cable Drawings - Modem Connection 163

Appendix F Cable Drawings - ModemConnection

Set the handshaking mode to NONE, and communications mode to tELE mode.Configure the remote modem to answer incoming calls automatically and ignorethe DTR signal; disable the flow control option. Refer to your modem manual forappropriate commands. In most cases, you can use the following command stringto set up your remote modem:

ATS0=1&D0&K0&W0

25-pin Modem Connector

1

2

3

Powermeter TxD

RxD RxD

TxD7

3

2

5

4 DTR/RTS

GND GND


Modem

DSR/CTS

9-pin Modem Connector

1

2

3

Powermeter TxD

RxD RxD

TxD3

2

5

4 DTR/RTS

GND GND


5

Modem

DSR/CTS

164 Index

INDEX

Aaccuracy, 59, 64, 68, 75active power, 10, 95, 131, 135, 137ampere demand, 57, 58, 61, 63, 107, 120, 129analog outputs, 2, 74ASCII, 102, 103

Bbasic setup, 38, 90Baud Rate, 103, 104burden, 99

CCommunication Mode, 103communication protocol, 101connections, iii, 10, 16, 25, 27, 28, 29, 65, 67,

68, 103, 105CT, 16, 25, 67, 90, 108, 110, 112, 129, 135,

149current inputs, 1, 16, 25, 108

Ddemand, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 40, 54, 56, 57, 58,

59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 69, 71, 72, 92, 93, 94,100, 107, 111, 120, 121, 128, 129, 134,143, 146, 147, 148

demand period, 59, 60, 61, 62, 129diagnostic, 30display, iii, 4, 30, 31, 32, 33, 47, 48, 49, 51,

100, 109, 110, 123, 126, 148

Eenergy, 2, 3, 4, 8, 44, 54, 58, 60, 63, 64, 68,

69, 70, 71, 72, 88, 89, 100, 111, 122, 123,125, 128, 150

external synchronization, 2, 40, 63, 71, 100,129

Hharmonic, 1, 3, 4, 8, 10, 17, 56, 57, 58, 65,

66, 82, 100, 111, 112, 122, 123, 131, 134,135, 137, 144

Iinputs, 1, 2, 4, 9, 11, 16, 17, 25, 28, 39, 40,

41, 56, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,74, 75, 77, 99, 100, 107, 108, 124, 136,138

Mmenu, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43,

44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54Modbus, ii, iii, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 130mounting, iii, 11

Oopen delta, 10, 15, 18, 20, 65, 68, 83, 129

Ppassword, 32, 35, 37, 54, 55, 126, 127power, i, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 15, 16, 17, 25, 26, 30,

31, 43, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66,72, 73, 74, 77, 79, 82, 90, 91, 92, 95, 101,102, 107, 110, 112, 120, 122, 129, 131,135, 137, 140, 142, 144

power demand, 58, 59, 60, 62, 129power source, i, 15, 30, 72Printer Mode, 101PT, 15, 16, 20, 21, 24, 25, 90, 108, 112, 129,

135, 149pulsing, 2, 44, 72, 125

Rreactive energy, 63reactive power, 10, 131, 135, 137relays, 27, 64, 108

Index 165

reset, 3, 32, 52, 53, 54, 55, 58, 61, 62, 64, 75,93, 94, 122

RS-232, 28, 101RS-422, 28, 101, 102, 103RS-485, 102, 103

Ssetpoints, 2, 3, 45, 72, 76, 77, 87, 89, 90, 97,

98, 125sliding demand, 61standards, 102, 103, 109status, 2, 3, 39, 40, 45, 70, 71, 72, 73, 77, 85,

86, 88, 92, 93, 96, 100, 107, 123, 136, 138

Tterminals, ii, 14, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 56, 68,

109

Vvoltage inputs, 1, 11, 67

Wwiring configuration, 10, 17, 18, 65, 68, 83Wye, 15, 22, 24, 25

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