system impact study using digsilent powerfactory...basic concepts of digsilent. create a simple...

8/4/2016 1

SYSTEM IMPACT STUDY USING DIgSILENT

PowerFactory

Hands-on modeling sessions

Pramod Jain

Innovative Wind Energy, Inc.

http://i-windenergy.com

1 August 2016

Indonesia Clean Energy Development

http://i-windenergy.com/

SESSION 1

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• Install PF

INSTALL PF

• Activation of PowerFactory 2016:

• To activate the license, please follow these steps:

– Start the “LicenceManager” tool of your PowerFactory 2016 installation. A short-cut is available in the Windows-Start Menu.

• In the LicenceManager, select “Activate License”

• Enter the Activation Key (25-character-string) as provided within the License Agreement.

• JBG4Q-PLJFN-3PPYT-ASGUS-JPMSX

SESSION 2

8/4/2016 4

• Create a project

• Basic concepts of DIgSILENT

• Create a 2-bus model

• Run load flow

• Scenario

• Basic function buttons

CREATE A PROJECT

• Objective: Set nominal frequency, project settings, base MVA, deactivate – activate project

• Project: A complete model of the network

• A project consists of grid, grid data, list of study cases and their settings, list of scenarios and their settings, project related settings, user-defined model library, and others.

• To create a new project : File > New > Project.

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CREATE A PROJECT

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PLNExample1

CREATE A PROJECT

• Name the grid

• Set the nominal frequency

• Specify the owner name

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• Element types:

– Template with specifications that several elements of the type will use

– Example: If a grid has five 25 MW generators from the same manufacturer, we would define one generator type. All give generators would use this type

• Database

– Everything about the project is saved in a DB

• Visual representation

– Separate from DB. For example, we could have entire network defined in DB, but cannot see. Visual representation is needed only to see the network

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BASIC CONCEPTS OF DIgSILENT

CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL: EXERCISE 1

• Objective: Draw bus, draw gen, create gen type, draw a transmission line, create a TL type, draw a transformer global, create transformer type, draw load, reference generator

• Many elements in any model are:

– Generators

– Bus Bars

– Transformers

– Transmission line

– Load

• Let’s draw a two bus model

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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL

CREATE A BUSBAR

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• Each bus element has a busbar type with nominal voltage of the bus.

• A busbar type can be used for multiple bus with same specification.


CREATE A BUSBAR TYPE

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CREATE A GENERATOR

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CREATE A GENERATOR TYPE

• Basic data used to define the nominal rating parameters

• Detail specifications like Xd, X’, X’’, H and so on can be specified in

RMS-Simulation tab

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CREATE A GENERATOR TYPE

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DISPATCH A GENERATOR

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WHAT IS A REFERENCE GENERATOR?

• In load flow, the generator used to balance the active power and

reactive power is called reference generator.

• It can either supply or absorb active and reactive power into or from

the system.

• Example:

– 3 generators in the grid, one is reference

– For 2 generators, dispatch is specified

– PF computes output of reference generator, based on loads and

losses

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CREATE A TRANSFORMER


CREATE A TRANSFORMER TYPE

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CREATE A TRANSMISSION LINE

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CREATE A TRANSMISSION LINE TYPE

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CREATE A LOAD

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COMPLETE MODEL

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• Objectives: – Run load flow– Show result box – Current, bus voltage,

active power, reactive power, -ve& +ve numbers for gens, -ve & +ve for other elements)

– Change result box. – Output calculation

RUN LOAD FLOW

RESULT BOX AND LOAD FLOW REPORT

• Result box on Buses – can display voltage in kV and p.u.

• Result box on transmission line and transformers – displays active &

reactive power and current

– -ve means power is going into the bus

– +ve means power is coming out of the bus

8/4/2016 24

RESULT BOX AND LOAD FLOW REPORT

• Result box on Load and Generator - displays active & reactive power

and current

– -ve means power is going into the element

– +ve means power is coming out of the element

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LOAD FLOW REPORT

• Output -> Output Calculation Analysis

• Different load flows report can be created

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ANALYSIS OF LFA RESULTS

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SCENARIOS

• Scenarios are used to define different conditions of a grid.

• It could be high/low wind, wet/dry season, high/low load.

• A scenario is created File > Save Operation Scenario As..

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ACTIVATE-DEACTIVATE SCENARIOS

• Scenarios are activated and deactivated in two ways:

– File > Activate/Deactivate Operation Scenario

– Right click on the scenario > Activate/Deactivate

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BASIC FUNCTION BUTTONS

• Zoom-in

• Switch on-off elements

• Connect-disconnect

• Select multiple elements

• Undo

• Element listing window

8/4/2016 30

SESSION 3

8/4/2016 31

• Load Flow Basics

• 3 bus model

• Parallel Elements

• Balance the load and generation in the dispatch sheet

• Run load flow

– Problem 1

– Problem 2

• Short circuit calculation

Power/Load Flow Analysis

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• Objectives: Create a 3–bus model, create type for all elements,

balance dispatch sheet, run load flow, solve issues observed in load flow,

short-circuit analysis.

• Use the PLNexample1.xlsx to built the model

• Following description of multiple tabs:

– GenType – Generator type specification

– TransType – Transformer type specification

– TL – Transmission line element parameters

– TLType – Transmission line type specification

– Load – Peak/Off-peak load values

– Dispatch Sheet – generation dispatch sheet for balancing load flow

8/4/2016 FOOTER GOES HERE 33

EXERCISE 2


3–BUS MODEL

• Open the “Dispatch Sheet” tab.


BALANCE THE LOAD AND GENERATION


BALANCE THE LOAD AND GENERATION

• Reactive losses are 65 MVAR, which is too high.• How to reduce the reactive losses?


PROBLEM1

• Double the # of conductors in both transmission lines. • Losses reduce to 28 MVAR.


SOLUTION TO PROBLEM1

• Voltage on bus 3 is 0.86 p.u. • How to increase the voltage?


PROBLEM 2

• Add SVS at bus 3

• DEMONSTRATION


SOLUTION TO PROBLEM 2

• Short-circuit analysis (SCA) is conducted to compute following two

things:

– Short-circuit power ratio (SCPR) to determine the strength of the

grid at the point of common coupling (PCC).

– Short-circuit contribution of the connecting power plant.

• SCA is conducted at the PCC of the new power plant

• SCA is run by right click on the bus > Calculate > Short-circuit


SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS


SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

• SCPR is calculated by,

– SCPR = 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡−𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑀𝑉𝐴)

𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑀𝑊)

• Bigger value of SCPR means a “stronger” grid.

• SCPR norms for weak and strong grid are provided in the grid code

• SCPR range according to grid code

– < 10 is considered weak grid and improvement is needed at that

bus

– Between 10 -20 is acceptable range

– > 20 is a very strong grid


SHORT-CIRCUIT POWER RATIO (SCPR)

• New power plant capacity = 40 MW

• SCPR = 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡−𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑀𝑉𝐴)

𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑀𝑊)=

315.4

40

• SCPR = 7.88


SHORT-CIRCUIT POWER RATIO (SCPR)

SESSION 4

• Transient analysis basics

• AVRs and governors

• Create an event

• Create plots

• Problem 3

• Problem 4

• Exporting plots in excel and wmf format.

• Importing user models

Transient Analysis

8/4/2016 IWE 46

• To add AVRs, right click on the gen > Define > Automatic

Voltage Regulator (avr)

• To add Governors, right click on the gen > Define > Governors

and Turbine (gov)


ADDITION OF AVRS AND GOVERNORS


ADDITION OF AVRS AND GOVERNORS

• In transient analysis, response of the system to a fault is analyzed

• An event is modeled as a fault in the system

• Following events are generally analyzed

– Largest generation loss

– Largest load loss

– WPP or SPP loss

– 3–phase short-circuit transmission line

• Steps on how to create an Event: right click on the element >

Define > Switch Event/ Short-circuit Event/Load Event


CREATE AN EVENT

• Define when the event occurs

• Action for the event : Open a breaker or close a breaker


CREATE AN EVENT

• To list all the Events in any given study case, click on the Edit

Simulation Events


CREATE AN EVENT

• Before running RMS simulation, the model needs to be initialized

• To initialize the model use


INITIALIZING CONDITIONS

• To plot the results of the transient analysis, RMS variables for each

element must be defined.

• RMS variables can be defined: right click on the element > Define

> Results for RMS/EMT simulation

• Select the required variables from the list.


DEFINE RMS VARIABLES


DEFINE RMS VARIABLES

• Finally with all the settings now it is time to run the simulation.

• Click on

• This windows defines length of the simulation.


RUN TRANSIENT SIMULATION

• After running the simulation observe the results in plots

• To create plots, click on

• In the subplot window, name the subplot

• Select elements and variables to be plotted


CREATE PLOTS


CREATE PLOTS

• To change plot settings double-click on the plot

• Settings:

– Limits of X-Y axis

– Linear/log scale

– Auto Scale

– Legends


MODIFY PLOT SETTINGS

• To add, click on New button

• In the calculation window, select the elements and their variables in the

Operands section

• Specify the arithmetic formula for the operands in the Formula section

• Click on Verify to check the formula


ARITHMETIC OPERATION ON VARIABLES


ARITHMETIC OPERATION ON PLOTS

• To increase the font size and change the font of the plots

– right click on the plot > Style > Create new Style

– Name your style

– right click on the plot > Style > Edit style

– Click on the “x-Axis” row > Font, change the font, font size,

precision, etc.


ADJUST THE PLOT FONT

• See frequency runaway due to low headroom in the system.


PROBLEM 3

19.94315.93411.9267.91703.9085-0.1000 [s]

1.20

0.90

0.60

0.30

0.00

-0.30

[-]

Bus1: Electrical Frequency



DIg

SIL

EN

T

• Largest generation loss, Gen 1 = 140 MW

• Other two generators are Gen2, Gen3 = 30, 20 MW


PROBLEM 3

• Increase the rating of the Gen 2 type to 200 MVA.



• Frequency nadir is not acceptable, per grid code


PROBLEM 4

19.94315.93411.9267.91703.9085-0.1000 [s]

1.0025

0.9900

0.9775

0.9650

0.9525

0.9400

[-]




DIg

SIL

EN

T

• Add a new generator



• Export image of plots to wmf/bmp format:

– File > Export > Windows MetaFile (*.WMF)/ Windows

Bitmap (*.BMP) OR right-click on the plot > Export to >

Windows MetaFile (*.WMF)/ Windows Bitmap (*.BMP)

• Export plots to Excel:

– right-click on the plot > Export to > Windows Clipboard.

– Select variables which need to be exported and click

Execute

– Open an Excel sheet and paste


EXPORTING PLOTS

• To export,

– Deactivate the project

– File > Export > Data (*.pfd, *.dz)

– Select the project and define the location to save

– Click Execute.

• To import,

– Deactivate the project

– File > Export > Data (*.pfd, *.dz)

– Select the pfd file and click Execute.


IMPORT – EXPORT OF MODEL

• Import the WTG model, File > Import > Data (*.pfd, *.dz)

• Copy the model to the existing project,

– Open Data Manager

– Copy the model from imported file

• Library > Templates

– PLNExample1 > Library > Templates

– Paste the model in this folder

• Drawing tools > General Templates

IMPORTING WTG MODEL

– In the Template Window, select the WTGTemplate

– Place it in the grid

– Add a 33 kV bus

– Attach the model to the new bus

– Add transformer from 33kV to 70 kV bus

– 33kV/70kV transformer add specifications

IMPORTING WTG MODEL

SESSION 5• Exercise 4.1: Voltage issue

• Exercise 4.2: Adding WTG model

• Exercise 4.3: Adding PV model

• Import the larger model

• Review the dispatch sheet


EXERCISE 4.1: LARGER MODEL

• Run the load flow on the model

• Check for high voltages

• Kendari has voltage at 1.052 p.u.

• How do we reduce the voltage?


PROBLEM 1

• Reduce the power factor of the generator in Kendari



• Select WTG model from template

• Create a 33 kV bus

• Create a 33 kV/ 150 kV transformer

• Connect the transformer to the 201 L Punagaya bus

• Change the number of parallel unit for transformer and WTG model

• Adjust the dispatch

• Check for voltage issues


EXERCISE 4.2

• Select PV model from template

• Create a 33 kV bus

• Create a 33 kV/ 150 kV transformer

• Connect the transformer to the 3 L Mamuju bus

• Change the number of parallel unit for PV model to 60

• Adjust the dispatch

• Check for voltage issues


EXERCISE 4.3

SESSION 6• Exercise 4.4: Transient analysis

• Exercise 4.5: WPP loss

• Exercise 4.6: Transmission line loss

• Run generation loss transient analysis


EXERCISE 4.4

• Frequency runaway


PROBLEM 1

14.92111.9178.91255.90842.9042-0.1000 [s]

52.50

50.00

47.50

45.00

42.50

40.00

[Hz]

DIg

SIL

EN

T

• Switch on “S-18-PLN-GP” gen to increase the headroom in the

system



15.12712.0829.03615.99082.9454-0.1000 [s]

50.10

49.90

49.70

49.50

49.30

49.10

[Hz]

DIg

SIL

EN

T

• Wind Power Plant loss


EXERCISE 4.5

17.32413.83910.3546.86963.3848-0.1000 [s]

50.14

50.04

49.94

49.84

49.74

49.64

[Hz]

DIg

SIL

EN

T

• 3-phase short-circuit transmission line fault

• Voltage & Active Power plots


EXERCISE 4.6

1.86791.47871.08950.70040.3112-0.0779 [s]

90.00

70.00

50.00

30.00

10.00

-10.00

[MW]

WTG 01: Total Active Power

DIg

SIL

EN

T

1.86791.47871.08950.70040.3112-0.0779 [s]

1.50

1.20

0.90

0.60

0.30

0.00

[p.u.]

DIg

SIL

EN

T

Thank You

INDONESIA CLEAN ENERGY DEVELOPMENT II

Implemented by Tetra Tech

Menara Jamsostek, North Tower 14th Floor

Jl. Gatot Subroto No.38 | Jakarta12710 INDONESIA

Main: +62 21 5296 4445 | Fax: +62 21 5296 4446

www.iced.or.id

8/4/2016 83FOOTER GOES HERE

Contact Person:

Pramod Jain, Ph.D., President,

Innovative Wind Energy, Inc.

[email protected],

+1-904-923-6489

http://i-windenergy.com

mailto:[email protected]

http://i-windenergy.com/

system impact study using digsilent powerfactory...basic concepts of digsilent. create a simple...

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