system reliability for outdoor ssl - energy.gov · • luminaire shall be capable of withstanding...
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System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Luminaire System Life
There’s more to Life than L70.
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Luminaire System LifeWhat about Mechanical Design?
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Luminaire System Life
What about Product Durability?
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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What Could Go Wrong?System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Non-Illumination Related Reliability Concerns
• MechanicalVibration
• ElectricalDriver Life and ReliabilitySurge Protection
• FinishCorrosion Protection
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Vibration
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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City of Greensburg, KS – Greensburg, KSSystem Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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I35W, St Anthony Falls Bridge – Minneapolis, MNSystem Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Maxwell Street Bridge – Napa, CASystem Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Vibration
Types of Roadway Vibration• Wind Induced (ground mounted)• Traffic Induced (bridge / overpass mounted)
Relevant Testing and Standards• ANSI C136.31-2001 Normal Applications Vibration Standards• ANSI C136.31-2001 Bridge & Overpass Vibration Standards• CALTrans 611 Vibration Testing
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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VibrationANSI C136.31-2001 CALTrans 611 Vibration Testing
These standards were designed tosimulate what could be encounteredIn normal installations and are notintended to cover natural / catastrophicdisasters
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Vibration - ANSI C136.31-2001
Some of the Details• Special vibration tables are required• Mount accelerometer @ luminaire center of
gravity• Test to the levels per Tables 1 and 2 (next two slides) in the x, y and z planes• Luminaire shall be capable of withstanding the described vibration for 100,000
cycles in each plane• A major change in frequency or displacement indicates failure• And, there should be no damage to, loosening of any part of the luminaire or
any changes that could result in a safety problem
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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VibrationANSI C136.31-2001 Normal Applications
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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VibrationANSI C136.31-2001 Bridge & Overpass Applications
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Vibration - CALTrans 611 Vibration Testing
Other test guidelines may be negotiated by the specifierCALTrans 611 Vibration Testing RequirementsHorizontal Cyclic Loading Test (critical in ground-mounted luminaires)• Adjust frequency and displacement until 1.5 G peak to peak (0.75 G peak)
acceleration is obtained. Driver is installed for this test• Cycle until 2 million cycles or until failure occurs
Vertical Cyclic Loading Test (critical for bridge-mounted luminaires)• Adjust frequency and displacement until 3 G peak to peak (1.5 G peak)
acceleration is obtained. Driver is removed for this test. Frequency must be kept under resonant frequency for this test
• Cycle until 2 million cycles or until failure occurs
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Driver Life and Reliability
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Driver Life and Reliability
• MTBF Test Data
• Reputable Manufacturers
• Warranty
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Surge Protection
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Surge Protection
Relevant Testing and Standards - IEEE/ANSI C62.41.2
How much protection is needed?Does everyone require the same level of protection?
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Surge Protection - IEEE/ANSI C62.41.2
• No performance requirements are specified in this recommended practice
• A rational, deliberate approach to recognizing many of the variables in this complex subject area is recommended
• The considerations listed below are necessary to reach the goal of practical surge immunity. They are: Protection level desired Worst case or typical case scenarios No system damage No upset Specific equipment sensitivities
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Surge Protection - IEEE/ANSI C62.41.2
• Considerations (continued): Power system characteristics Interactions with communication and other systems No system damage No system upset Specific equipment sensitivities
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Surge Protection - IEEE/ANSI C62.41.2Two Major Types of Surges for equipment connected to low voltage
AC power circuits• Voltage Surges• Current Surges
Two Major Sources• Lightning • Switching Surges (power system)
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Surge Protection - IEEE/ANSI C62.41.2
Lightning Surges: The standard points toward two cases / scenarios:• Senario 1: Indirect Lightning Flash – the most common type• Scenario 2: Direct Lightning Flash – the least common
• It further defines Location Categories within Scenario 1• Categories A, B and C
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Finish
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Finish
• Aesthetic Concerns
• Mechanical Concerns
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Finish – Salt Spray (Fog) TestRelevant Testing and Standard – ASTM B117
• This practice provides a controlled corrosive environment which has been used to produce relative corrosion resistance information for specimens of metals and coated metals in a given test chamber
• Special Salt Solutions, Air Supply, Salt Fog Chamber, Specimen Cleaning etc.
• Test specimens: A scratch or scribed line is made through the coating with a sharp instrument (per ASTM D 1654) so as to expose the underlying metal
• Results reported based upon creepage from scribe in millimeters (per ASTM D 1654)
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Finish – Salt Spray (Fog) TestResults Per ASTM D 1654
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Finish
Corrosion and UV Resistance
Relevant Testing and StandardASTM B117 Elevated Ambient Salt Fog(Pass at 2,000, 3,000, 4,000, 5,000 hours?)
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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LED Mechanical Life
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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LED Mechanical Failure RatesSystem Reliability for Outdoor SSL
LEDs are Extremely Reliable
What are the odds of 3 or more LED failing in a 50 LED luminaire?
Probability at 10,000 Hours = 1 in 1.25E-10Probability at 25,000 Hours = 1 in 1.95E-9Probability at 50,000 Hours = 1 in 1.56E-8 (1 in 156 Million)Probability at 100,000 Hours = 1 in 1.25E-7
There are other reasons that an LED may stop working (loose wire, failed driver, etc), but the LED itself is very mechanically reliable
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How to Predict Reliability?
Look to standards
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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How to Specify Reliability?
Look to standards
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL
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Thank You
System Reliability for Outdoor SSL