systems lab

8/10/2019 Systems Lab

1/39

Manual For

SYSTEMS LAB

Submitted in partial fulllment ofthe requirements for the award of the degree of

Master of TechnologyIn

Computer Science & Engineering

Submitted byNAME ROLL NUM

DEPARTMENT O COMP!TER SCIENCE & EN"INEERIN"

"AND#I$I INSTIT!TE O SCIENCE AND

TEC#NO%O"

(Approved By AICTE, Afliated to NTU!"

#attu B$imavaram, a%%ayyapet& ') )*+

eb-ite. ///0%i-te1$01o0i2


2/39

UNIX COMMANDS

1. CAL:

Sytax: $calDescription: Cal displays a simple calendar. If arguments are not specified,the current month is displayed.Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ calcal #oem%er &'Su (o )u *e )h +r Sa & - 4 / 0 '

1 & - 4 / 0 ' 1 & & &&&- &4 & &/ &0 &' &1-

2. DATE:

Syntax: $ date 23option5m displays numerical form of month of date5n displays name of the month5( displays the current minutes56 displays current hours57 displays full name of the month

DESC8I9)I# Display the current time in the gien +8(;), or set the systemdate.Eg:.[cs4!localhost chandus"$ date date (on #o &4 :4:4 IS) &'

&.[cs4!localhost chandus"$ date 2


3/39

=(an> formats and displays the on?line manual pages. r 6elp ofcommands.

4.BC:

Syntax: $ %c

DESC8I9)I# =7c> is a language that supports ar%itrary precision calculatorlanguage.

5. WHO:

Syntax: $ @hoDESC8I9)I# @ho ? sho@ @ho is logged onEg:

[cs4!localhost chandus"$ @horoot : &'?? :&root ptsA &'?? :-cs4 ptsA& &'??&4 :/ B0&./'.&.1

6. UNAME:

Syntax: $ uname

DESC8I9)I# 9rint certain system information.Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ unameinux

7. LOGOUT:

Syntax: $ logout Bor 9ress 3ctrl2d8. LOGIN:

DESC8I9)I# )his commands are used to enter a user into the #IF

enironment %y proiding the user @ith a login and logout id @ith apass@ord proided to him.Eg:login: cs4

9ass@ord: pass&-4ast login: (on #o &4 :/:-0 from 0&./'.&.1[cs4!localhost G"$


4/39

DIRECTORY COMMANDS:

9. WD:

Syntax: $ p@dDESC8I9)I# 9rint the full filename of the current @orHing directory.Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ p@dAhomeAcs4Achandus

1!.M"DIR:

Syntax: $ mHdir 3directory nameDESC8I9)I# Create the DI8EC)8Bies, if they do not already exist.

Eg: [cs4!localhost chandus"$ mHdir chandu

; ne@ directory @ith specified name is created.

11.LS:

Syntax: $ lsDESC8I9)I# ist information a%out the +IEs Bthe current directory %ydefault.Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ lsls;op copyrename Jist matrixmul noof@ords time&

%alu fileordir Hiran mulfileintodir po@er upper%uKKi findthefileindir lineremoe multa%le rematrix uprcase%uKKi greatest logon nooflines time

12.CD:

Syntax: $ cd 3directory name

DESC8I9)I# LcdM command is used to create a ne@ directory @ith specifiedname. )he user can Heep tracH of all the @orH programs he did in thedirectory he created.Eg:[cs4!localhost G"$ cd chandus#cs4!localhost chandus"$


5/39

13.CD ..:

Syntax: $ cd ..DESC8I9)I# LCd ..M command is used to exist out of the current displayingdirectory into the home directory.Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ cd ..[cs4!localhost G"$

14.RMDIR:

Syntax: $ rmdir 3directory nameDESC8I9)I# 8emoe the DI8EC)8Bies, if they are empty.

Eg: [cs4!localhost G"$ rm chandu

rm: cannot remoe NchanduO: Is a directory

[cs4!localhost G"$ cd chandu

[cs4!localhost chandu"$ ls@hoislogon[cs4!localhost chandu"$ rm @hoislogon

[cs4!localhost chandu"$ cd ..

[cs4!localhost G"$ rmdir chandu

[cs4!localhost G"$

15.C:

Syntax: $ cp 3present file 3ne@ fileDESC8I9)I# Copy S8CE to DES), or multiple S8CEBs toDI8EC)8.

Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ cp Jist Jist[cs4!localhost chandus"$


6/39

16.M$:

Syntax: $ mDESC8I9)I# 8ename S8CE to DES), or moe S8CEBs toDI8EC)8.Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ m Jist Jist&m Jist Jist&[cs4!localhost chandus"$

17.CAT:

Syntax: $ cat Jist&DESC8I9)I# Concatenate +IEBs, or standard input, to standard output.Eg:

[cs4!localhost chandus"$ cat Jist&this is JistIt hae so many colleges)he colleges contain so many %ranches

9ress C)82F[cs4!localhost chandus"$ cat Jist&

this is JistIt hae so many colleges)he colleges contain so many %ranches

18.COMM:

Syntax: $ comm. 7uKKi JistDESC8I9)I# Compare sorted files +IE and +IE& line %y line.Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ comm %uKKi Jistcomm %uKKi Jist

this is gist this is Jist It hae so many colleges )he colleges contain so many %ranches


7/39

19.DI%%:

Syntax: $ diff %uKKi Jist

DESC8I9)I# diff ? find differences %et@een t@o files

2!.WC:

Syntax: $ @c 3+ile name

DESC8I9)I# 9rint ne@line, @ord, and %yte counts for each +IE, and a totalline if more than one +IE is specified.

Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ @c %uKKi@c %uKKi - - %uKKi

L?lM )o gie num%er of lines L?cM )o gie num%er of characters L?@M )o gie num%er of @ords

21.CHMOD:

Syntax: $ chmod 3alue 3filename

DESC8I9)I# Chmod changes the permissions of each gien file according to mode,Eg:$ chmod 3file ? seless file

22.UMAS":

Syntax: $ umasHDESC8I9)I# 7y using this command @e can change the default file

permission for an existing file.Eg: [cs4!localhost chandus"$ umasHmasH&


8/39

23.%IND:

Syntax: $ find 3filename

DESC8I9)I# find ? search for files in a directory hierarchyEg: [cs4!localhost chandus"$ find %uKKifind %uKKi

%uKKi

24.S:

Syntax: $ ps

DESC8I9)I# ps displays information a%out a selection of the actie processes.

Eg:

[cs4!localhost chandus"$ ps 9ID )) )I(E C(D&/'1 ptsA& :: %ash&// ptsA& :: man&//- ptsA& :: sh&//4 ptsA& :: sh&//1 ptsA& :: less&/// ptsA& :: man&///- ptsA& :: sh&///4 ptsA& :: sh

25.DU:

Syntax: $ du

DESC8I9)I# SummariPe disH usage of each +IE.Eg:

[cs4!localhost chandus"$ du4 .AHiran&-&


9/39

26.D%:

Syntax: $ df

DESC8I9)I# df displays the amount of disH space aaila%le on the file systemcontaining each file name argument.Eg

[cs4!localhost chandus"$ df+ilesystem Q?%locHs sed ;aila%le se5 (ounted onAdeAhda- -00/00/ /1/'4 &''&/1& &5 AAdeAhda '/ 1-0 '/41& 5 A%oottmpfs &&/' &&/' 5 AdeAshm

27.MOUNT:Syntax: $mount

DESC8I9)I# ;ll files accessi%le in a nix system are arranged in one %ig tree,the file hierarchy, rooted at A. )hese files can %e spread out oerse? eral deices. )he mount command seres to attach the file systemfound on some deice to the %ig file tree.Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ mountmountAdeAhda- on A type ext- Br@

proc on Aproc type proc Br@sysfs on Asys type sysfs Br@depts on AdeApts type depts Br@,gidR,modeR/&AdeAhda on A%oot type ext- Br@

tmpfs on AdeAshm type tmpfs Br@none on AprocAsysAfsA%infmtmisc type %infmtmisc Br@sunrpc on AarAli%AnfsArpcpipefs type rpcpipefs Br@automountBpid1- on Anet type autofsBr@,fdR4,pgrpR1-,minprotoR&,maxprotoR4


10/39

28.ULIMIT:

Syntax: $ ulimit

DESC8I9)I# )he ulimit call @ill get or set some limit for the current

processes.Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ ulimitulimitunlimited

29.%INGER:

Syntax: $ fingerDESC8I9)I# )he finger displays information a%out the system users.

Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ fingerogin #ame )ty Idle ogin )ime ffice ffice 9honecs4 ptsA& #o & 1:4 B0&./'.&.1root root T: #o :&root root ptsA d #o :-

3!.CUT:

Syntax: $ cut 3file name

DESC8I9)I# 9rint selected parts of lines from each +IE to standard output.Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ cut ?c ? gistthisIt ha)he c

31.AST:

Syntax : $ [?dls" 3filename

DESC8I9)I#: (erge lines of the files, @rite lines consisting of theseUuentially corresponding lines from each file, separated %y ta%s tostandard A9.


11/39

32.SORT:

Syntax: $ sort [options" V[output file" 3file name.

ptions:?d ;lphanumeric sort?f folder uppercase into lo@ercase?% ignores loading %lanH spaces?n numeric sort?c checH if files are soled?r reerse sort order ?Hn sorts according to Hey al i.e. fields?u remoes repeated lines?tchar sorts according to delimiter

DESC8I9)I# *rite sorted concatenation of all +IE.Eg:[cs4!localhost chandus"$ sort ?d gistIt hae so many colleges)he colleges contain so many %ranchesthis is gist

33.GRE:

Syntax: $ grep 3file name

DESC8I9)I# Jrep searches the named input +IEsEg: [cs4!localhost chandus"$ grep ? gist gist&this is JIS)It maintains alues and standards.


12/39

SHELL ROGRAMS

1.TO %IND THE BIGGEST O% THREE NUMBERS.

&'(&)*

echo =Enter - alues>read aread %read cif[$a Vgt $%"thenif[$a Vgt $c"thenecho $a is %igelse

echo $c is %igfielif[$% Vgt $c"thenecho $% is %igelseecho $c is %igfi

O+,-+,:

$ chmod 2r@x %ig$ .A%igEnter - alues41-1 is %ig.


13/39

2.TO %IND THE %ACTORIAL O% THE GI$EN NUMBER.

&'(&)*

echo =Enter a num%er>read nfactRtempR$n@hile[$n Vgt "dofactRMexpr $nWT $factMnRMexpr $n ?Mdoneecho factorial of $temp isecho $fact

utput:$ chmod 2r@x$ .AfactEnter a num%er+actorial of is &.


14/39

3.TO %IND THE RIME NUMBERS U TO A GI$EN RANGE.

&'(&)*

echo =enter range>read necho =prime num%ers till $n are>echo iR&@hile[$i Vle $n"docR

KR@hile[$K Vle $i"doif[Lexpr $i WT $KM VeU "

thencRMexpr $c 2Mfi

KRMexpr $K2Mdoneif[$c VeU &"thenfcho $ifiiRMexpr $i2Mdone

O+,-+,:$chmod 2r@x prime$ .AprimeEnter range9rime num%ers till are

&-0


15/39

4.TO %IND THE %IBONACCI NUMBERS U TO A GI$EN RANGE.

&'(&)*

echo =enter a alue>read nfRf&Recho =+i%onacci series is>echo $f&iR@hile [$i Vlt $n"dof-RMexpr $f 2 $f&Mfcho $f-iRMexpr $i2M

iR$f&i&R$f-done

O+,-+,:

$chnod 2r@x fi%o$.Afi%oEnter a alue/

+i%onacci series is&-


16/39

5.TO %IND WHETHER THE GI$EN NUMBER IS ALINDROME

OR NOT.

&'(&)*:

echo =enter a num%er>read numnumR$num

palR@hile [$num Vgt "dodigRMexpr $num 5 M

palRMexpr $pal WT 2$digMnumRMexpr $num A Mdoneif [$numR$ pal"

thenecho $num is palindromeelseecho $num is not a palindromefi

O+,-+,:

$ chmod 2r@x pal

$ .ApalEnter a num%er&& is palindrome.$.ApalEnter a num%er&-&- is not a palindrome.


17/39

6.TO %IND A MULTILICATION TABLE.

&'(&)*

echo =enter the num%er>read necho =enter the range>read rmulRiR@hile[$i Vle $r"domulRMexpr $n WT $iMif[$i Vlt "then

echo $n =T> $i =R> $mulelseecho $i =T> $n>R> $mulfiiRMexpr $i2Mdone

O+,-+,:

$ chmod 2r@x mul$ .AmulEnter the num%er1Enter the range1TR11T&R'1T-R&01T4R-/1TR41T/R41T0R/-1T'R0&1T1R'1TR1


18/39

7.TO DISLAY THE TRANSOSE O% A 22 MATRIX.

&'(&)*

echo enter num%er of ro@sread mecho enter num%er of columnsread nsiPe RMexpr $m WT $nMecho enter $siPe elements

KR@hile [$K Vle $siPe"doread %[$K"

KRMexpr $K2M

donepRtRURrR$necho the alues after transpose@hile [$p Vlt $n"dosRMexpr $r WT $U 2 $tMecho $[%[$s""URMexpr $U 2M

pRMexpr $p2MdonelR@hile [$p Vlt $siPe"dosRMexpr $r WT $lMecho $[%[$s""lRMexpr $l2M

pRMexpr $p2Mdone


19/39

O+,-+,:

$chmod 2r@x tran$.Atran

Enter num%er of ro@s&Enter num%er of columns&Enter 4 elements&-4)he alues after transpose are

&4-


20/39

8.TO COUNT THE NUMBER O% LINES AND NUMBER O% WORDS

IN A GI$EN TEXT %ILE.

&'(&)*

echo enter filenameread fileif [?f $file"thenif [?s $file"thenecho =num%er of lines:>@c Vl $fileecho =num%er of @ords:>@c V@ $file

else =file is empty>fielseecho =not a alid filename>fi

O+,-+,:

$ chmod 2r@x countl@

$ .Acountl@Enter filenameQnl

#um%er of lines:- Hnl

#um%er of @ords:& Hnl.


21/39

9.WRITE A /C0 ROGRAM TO ILLUSTRATE THE CAT UNIX

COMMAND.

&'(&)*

Xinclude3stdio.hXinclude3fcntl.hmainBYfile TfpZchar cZfpRfopenB=fil>,>r>Z@hileBBcRfgetcBfpReofY

printfB=5c>,cZ\

fcloseBfpZ\

O+,-+,:

$ cat fil6ello %oys and girls6ae a good day)hanH u

$ cc cat.c$ .Aa.out6ello %oys and girls6ae a good day)hanH u.


22/39

1!.WRITE A /C0 ROGRAM THAT ILLUSTRATE THE CREATIONO% CHILD ROCESS USING /%OR"0.

&'(&)*

Xinclude3stdio.hXinclude3stdli%.hXinclude3sysAtypes.hint mainBoidY

pidt pidZpid RforHBZ

s@itchBpidYcase ?:printfB=forH error>ZexitBZcase ?:printfB=Wn child process created.WnWn>Z

printfB=the pid of child is 5d Wn>,getpidBZprintfB=the parent pid of child is 5d WnWn>,getpidBZ\\

O+,-+,:

$ cc forH.c$ .Aa.outChild process created)he 9id of child is &'/1)he parent 9ID of child is &'/'1


23/39

DBMS ROGRAMS

. Jet )he Description f Emp )a%le.

S]desc empZ

Name Null? Type

EMPNO NOT NULL NUMBER(4)

ENAME VARCHAR2(10)

JOB VARCHAR2(9)

MGR NUMBER(4)

HIREDATE DATE

SAL NUMBER(7,2)

COMM NUMBER(7,2)DEPTNO NUMBER(2)

&.ist ;ll Employee Details.

S]select T from empZ

EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO

7369 SMITH CLER 7902 17!DEC!"0 "00 20

7499 ALLEN SALESMAN 769" 20!#EB!"1 1600 300 30

7$21 %ARD SALESMAN 769" 22!#EB!"1 12$0 $00 30

7$66 JONES MANAGER 7"39 02!APR!"1 297$ 20

76$4 MARTIN SALESMAN 769" 2"!SEP!"1 12$0 1400 30

769" BLAE MANAGER 7"39 01!MA&!"1 2"$0 30

77"2 CLAR MANAGER 7"39 09!JUN!"1 24$0 10

77"" SCOTT ANAL&ST 7$66 19!APR!"7 3000 20

7"39 ING PRESIDENT 17!NOV!"1 $000 10

7"44 TURNER SALESMAN 769" 0"!SEP!"1 1$00 0 30

7"76 ADAMS CLER 77"" 23!MA&!"7 1100 20

7900 JAMES CLER 769" 03!DEC!"1 9$0 30

7902 #ORD ANAL&ST 7$66 03!DEC!"1 3000 207934 MILLER CLER 77"2 23!JAN!"2 1300 10

4 ro@s selected.

&. ist ;ll o%s ;aila%le In Employee )a%le.


24/39

S]select distinct Ko% from empZ

JOB

ANAL&ST

CLER

MANAGER

PRESIDENT

SALESMAN

. ist ;ll Employees *ho 7elongs )o )he Department r &.

I#9) S]select ename from emp @here deptno in B,&Z

ENAME

SMITH

JONES

CLAR

SCOTT

ING

ADAMS

#ORD

MILLER

' ro@s selected.

/. ist ;ll Employee #ames , Salary ;nd 5 8ise In Salary.

I#9) S]select ename , sal , sal2.T sal from empZ

ENAME SAL SAL+0.15SAL

SMITH "00 920

ALLEN 1600 1"40

%ARD 12$0 1437'$

JONES 297$ 3421'2$

MARTIN 12$0 1437'$

BLAE 2"$0 3277'$

CLAR 24$0 2"17'$

SCOTT 3000 34$0

ING $000 $7$0

TURNER 1$00 172$


25/39

ADAMS 1100 126$

JAMES 9$0 1092'$

#ORD 3000 34$0

MILLER 1300 149$

4 ro@s selected.

0. ist (inimum , (aximum , ;erage Salaries f Employee.

S]select minBsal,maxBsal,agBsal from empZ

MIN!SAL" MA#!SAL" A$G!SAL"

"00 $000 2073'21429

'. +ind 6o@ (any ^o% )itles ;re ;aila%le In Employee )a%le.

S]select count Bdistinct Ko% from empZ

CO%NT!DISTINCTJOB"

$

1. *hat is the difference %et@een maximum and minimum salaries ofemployees in the organiPation_

I#9) S]select maxBsal?minBsal from empZ

MA#!SAL"&MIN!SAL"

4200

.ist all employee names and their salaries, @hose salary lies %et@een

A? and -A? %oth inclusie.

I#9)S]select ename from emp @here sal %et@een and -Z

ENAME

ALLEN


26/39

JONES

BLAE

CLAR

SCOTT

TURNER

#ORD

0 ro@s selected.

. +ind ho@ much amount the company is spending to@ards salaries.

I#9) S]select sum Bsal from empZ

S%M!SAL"

2902$

&. Display name of the dept. @ith deptno &.

I#9) S]select ename from emp @here deptno R &Z

ENAME

SMITH

JONES

SCOTT

ADAMS

#ORD

-. ist ename @hose commission is #.I#9) S]select ename from emp @here comm is nullZ

ENAME

SMITHJONES

BLAE

CLAR

SCOTT

ING

ADAMS

JAMES


27/39

#ORD

MILLER

ro@s selected.

4. +ind no.of dept in employee ta%le.

I#9) S]select count Bdistinct ename from empZCO%NT!DISTINCTENAME"

14

. ist ename @hose manager is not #.I#9) S]select ename from emp @here mgr is not nullZ

ENAME

SMITH

ALLEN

%ARD

JONES

MARTIN

BLAE

CLAR

SCOTT

TURNER

ADAMS

JAMES

#ORD

MILLER

- ro@s selected.

/. Display total salary spent for each Ko% category.I#9) S]select Ko%,sum Bsal from emp group %y Ko%Z

JOB S%M!SAL"

ANAL&ST 6000CLER 41$0

MANAGER "27$

PRESIDENT $000

SALESMAN $600

0. Display lo@est paid employee details under each manager.


28/39

I#9) S]select ename, sal from emp @here sal in Bselect minBsal fromemp group %y mgrZ

ENAME SAL

SMITH "00

JAMES 9$0

ADAMS 1100

MILLER 1300

CLAR 24$0

SCOTT 3000

#ORD 3000

ING $000

' ro@s selected.

'. Display num%er of employees @orHing in each department and theirdepartment name.

I#9) S] select dname, count Bename from emp, dept @hereemp.deptnoRdept.deptno group %y dnameZ

DNAME CO%NT!ENAME"

ACCOUNTING 3

RESEARCH $

SALES 6

CREATING TABLE %OR $ARIOUS RELATIONSIN SL.

.S]create ta%le studentsBno num%erB,name archar&B&,rnoarchar&B& primary HeyZ)a%le created.&.S]desc studentsZ

Name Null? Type

NO NUMBER($)

NAME VARCHAR2(20)


29/39

RNO NOT NULL VARCHAR2(20)

-. S]desc marHsZName Null? Type

RNO VARCHAR2(20)

ADS NUMBER(3)

M#CS NUMBER(3)

CO NUMBER(3)

DBMS NUMBER(3)

OS NUMBER(3)

JAVA NUMBER(3)

TOTAL NUMBER(4)

4.S]select T from studentsZNO NAME RNO

1 *+ -./14

2 . -./12

3 5- -./0$

4 -./01

$ 8- -./02

6 + -./03

7 -./04

" 8/ -./06

" 58 -./07

9 + -./13

10 58+ -./1$ ro@s selected.

.S]update students set nameROarmaO @here noRZ

ro@ updated.

/.S]delete from students @here nameROsiaOZ ro@ deleted.

0.S]select T from studentsZ

NO NAME RNO

1 *+ -./14


30/39

2 . -./12

3 5- -./0$

$ 8- -./02

6 + -./03

7 -./04

" 8/ -./06" 58 -./07

9 + -./13

10 58+ -./1$

ro@s selected.

IMLEMENTING SINGLE ROW %UNCTIONS

S( &' +,';:

1.S;, ;


31/39

COS!0"

1

5.''&=

SL>;, ''&34.7 &'* ?+)=

/LOOR!*-."

34

6.=

SL>;, 34.3 &'* ?+)=

CEIL!*-.*"

3$

7.);=

SL>;, );7 &'* ?+)=

ABS!&"

7

WRITING LSL BLOC" %OR INSERTION INTO A

TABLE.

1. TO WRITE A LSL BLOC" TO CHEC" WHETHER A

GI$EN NUMBER IS E$EN OR ODD.

ROGRAM:

DECLARE

NUM NUMBER5=

REM NUMBER5=


32/39

BEGIN

NUM:NUM=

REM:MODNUM@2=

I% REM!THEN

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINENUM IS E$EN=

ELSEDBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINENUM IS ODD=

END I%=

END=

OUTUT:ENTER $ALUE %OR NUM: 3

OLD 6: NUM:NUM=

NEW 6: NUM:3=

NUMBER 3 IS ODD

LSL ROCEDURE SUCCESS%ULLY COMLETED.

2.TO WRITE A LSL ROGRAM TO IMLEMENT THE SCOE

O% THE $ARIABLE.

ROGRAM:DECLARE

X REAL:2!5=

BEGIN

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINETHE $ALUE O% OUTER X:X=

DECLARE

X REAL:4!5=BEGIN

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINETHE $ALUE O% INNER X:X=

END=

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINETHE $ALUE O% OUTER X:X=

END=

OUTUT:THE $ALUE O% OUTER X:2!5

THE $ALUE O% INNER X:4!5

THE $ALUE O% OUTER X:2!5

3.WRITE LSL BLOC" TO CHEC" WHETHER GI$EN

NUMBER IS ARMSTRONG OR NOT.

ROGRAM:


33/39

DECLARE

NUM NUMBER5=

REM NUMBER5=

S NUMBER5:!=NUM1 NUMBER5=

BEGIN

NUM:NUM=

NUM1:NUM=

WHILENUM>!

LOO

REM:MODNUM@1!=

S:SOWERREM@3=

NUM:TRUNCNUM1!=

END LOO=

I%SNUM1THENDBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINENUM1IS ARMSTRONG NUMBER=

ELSE

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINENUM1IS NOT ARMSTRONG NUMBER=

END I%=

END=


OLD 7: NUM:NUM=

NEW 7: NUM:153=

153 IS ARMSTRONG NUMBERLSL ROCEDURE SUCCESS%ULLY COMLETED.

SL>

ENTER $ALUE %OR NUM: 123

OLD 7: NUM:NUM=

NEW 7: NUM:123=

123 IS NOT ARMSTRONG NUMBERLSL ROCEDURE SUCCESS%ULLY COMLETED.

4.TO WRITE A LSL BLOC" TO CHEC" THE GI$EN STRING

IS ALINDROME OR NOT.


34/39

ROGRAM:

DECLARE

NAME1 $ARCHAR22!=

NAME2 $ARCHAR22!=L NUMBER5=

BEGIN

NAME1:NAME1=

L:LENGTHNAME1=

WHILE L>! LOO

NAME2:NAME2SUBSTRNAME1@L@1=

L:L1=

END LOO=

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINERE$ERSE O% STRING IS:NAME2=

I%NAME1NAME2 THEN

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINENAME1IS ALINDROME=ELSE

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINENAME1IS NOT ALINDROME=

END I%=

END=

OUTUT:ENTER $ALUE %OR NAME1: MADAM

OLD 6: NAME1:NAME1=

NEW 6: NAME1:MADAM=

RE$ERSE O% STRING IS:MADAM

MADAM IS ALINDROME

5.TO WRITE A LSL BLOC" TO %IND SUM O% DIGITS O% A

GI$EN NUMBER.

ROGRAM:

DECLARENUM NUMBER5=

REM NUMBER5=

SM NUMBER5:!=

NUM1 NUMBER5=

BEGIN

NUM:NUM=

NUM1:NUM=


35/39

WHILENUM>!

LOO

REM:MODNUM@1!=

SM:SMREM=

NUM:TRUNCNUM1!=

END LOO=DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINENUM1 SUM O% DIGITS O% A GI$EN

NUMBERIS: SM=

END=


OLD 7: NUM:NUM=

NEW 7: NUM:123=

SUM O% DIGITS O% 123 IS: 6


6.TO WRITE A LSL BLOC" TO GENERATE %IBONACCI

SERIES

ROGRAM:

DECLARENUM NUMBER5=

%1 NUMBER5:!=

%2 NUMBER5:1=

%3 NUMBER5=

I NUMBER5:3=

BEGIN

NUM:NUM=


36/39

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINETHE %IBONACCI SERIES IS:=

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINE%1=

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINE%2=

WHILEIJNUM

LOO

%3:%1%2=DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINE%3=

%1:%2=

%2:%3=

I:I1=

END LOO=

END=

OUTUT:ENTER $ALUE %OR NUM: 1!

OLD 8: NUM:NUM=

NEW 8: NUM:1!=THE %IBONACCI SERIES IS:

!

1

1

2

3

5

8

13

21

34LSL ROCEDURE SUCCESS%ULLY COMLETED.

7. WRITE LSL ROGRAM TO %IND %ACTORIAL $ALUE

USING RE$ERSE %OR LOO

ROGRAM:

DECLARE

$FNUM%ACT NUMBER:GI$ENNUMBER=

$F%ACTORIAL NUMBER:1=

BEGIN

%OR INDEXI IN RE$ERSE 1..$FNUM%ACT LOO


37/39

$F%ACTORIAL:$F%ACTORIALINDEXI=

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINETHE INDEXI NUMBER IS INDEXI=

END LOO=

DBMSFOUTUT.UTFLINETHE %ACTORIAL O% $FNUM%ACTIS :

$F%ACTORIAL=

END=

OUTUT:GI$EN NUMBER 8

OLD 2: $FNUM%ACT NUMBER:GI$ENNUMBER=

NEW 2: $FNUM%ACT NUMBER:9=

THE INDEXI NUMBER IS 8

THE INDEXI NUMBER IS7




THE INDEXI NUMBER IS3THE INDEXI NUMBER IS2


THE %ACTORIAL O% 9 IS 5184!


8.TO WRITE A TRIGGER TO ENSURE THAT DET TABLE

DOESN0T CONTAIN DULICATE O% NULL $ALUES IN DETNO

COLUMN.

ROGRAM:

CREATE OR RELACE TRIGGER TRIG1 BE%ORE INSERT ON DET %OR

EACH ROW

DECLARE

A NUMBER=

BEGIN

I%:NEW.DETNO IS NULLTHEN


38/39

RAISEFALICATIONFERROR2!!!1@ERROR::DETNO CANNOT BE

NULL=

ELSE

SELECT COUNT INTO A %ROM DET WHERE DETNO:NEW.DETNO=

I%A1 THEN

RAISEFALICATIONFERROR2!!!2@ERROR:: CANNOT HA$EDULICATE DETNO=

END I%=

END I%=

END=

OUTUT:

TRIGGER CREATED.

SL>SELECT %ROM DET=

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

10 ACCOUNTING NE% &OR

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

SL>INSERT INTO DET $ALUESDETN@DNAME@LOC=

OLD 1: INSERT INTO DET $ALUESDETN@DNAME@LOC

NEW 1: INSERT INTO DET $ALUES5!@MAR"ETING@HYDERABAD

1 ROW CREATED.

SL>SELECT %ROM DET=

DEPTNO DNAME LOC

10 ACCOUNTING NE% &OR

20 RESEARCH DALLAS

30 SALES CHICAGO

40 OPERATIONS BOSTON

$0 MARETING H&DERABAD


39/39

9.WRITE A LSL TRIGGER TO TRANSATIONAL AUDITING ON

SALARY COLUMN IN EM TABLE

ROGRAM:

CREATE OR RELACE TRIGGER CH"SALARY

BE%ORE UDATE O% SAL ON EM

%OR EACH ROW

WHENNEW.SALJOLD.SAL

BEGIN

RAISEFALICATIONFERROR2!5!!@SALARY CANNOT BE

DECREASED..=

END=

OUTUT:

TRIGGER CREATED.

UDATE EM54 SET SAL7!!! WHERE SAL8!!!=

SALARY CANNOT BE DECREASED

systems lab

Documents