t-budding and grafting in apple naveen kumar dixit · 2020. 4. 30. · naveen kumar dixit...
TRANSCRIPT
T-Budding and Grafting in Apple
Naveen Kumar Dixit
*Assistant Prof. of Horticulture
and Extension Specialist
University of Maryland Eastern
Shore
Dept. of Agriculture, Food, and
Resources Sciences
Princess Anne, Maryland
410-621-3650
Requirements:
Scion: In the form of a single bud with a part of bark
Rootstock: Based on interest which may be dwarf/semi-dwarf
: Already planted in field
T-Budding/Shield Budding in Apple
Scion
Single bud with bark
Rootstock
Requirements:
Rootstock Diameter (Small): 6 to 25 mm (1/4 to 1 in)
Bark must be slipping
Current year growth and buds from middle/base of the branch
Use vegetative buds not flowering buds
Apples, Peach, Roses, Citrus
Budding 2 to 3 inch above soil line
T-Budding/Shield Budding in Apple
T-Budding/Shield Budding in Apple
• Requirements: Time
Spring Budding (March to May):
Stored dormant buds or non growing buds of last years new growth
Budwood collected in fall and stored at –2 to 0°C (29 to 32°F)
Bud start Growing in same year
1 year old scion and 2 year old rootstock will be the result
https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M13_DAVI4493_08_SE_C13.pdf
June Budding (May to Early June):
Budwood collected from current season growth
Bud started growing in same year
1 yr old scion and 1 year old rootstock
Plants are generally small (mostly used for peach, apricot, plum, nectarine)
T-Budding/Shield Budding in Apple
Requirements:June budding is confined toregions that have a longgrowing season. In theUnited States, this includesthe central valley ofCalifornia and some of thesouthern states— such asTennessee and Arkansas.
https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M13_DAVI4493_08_SE_C13.pdf
T-Budding/Shield Budding in Apple
• Requirements: Time
Summer Budding (Mid-July to Early September): also called fall budding
Budwood collected from current season growth
Bud start Growing next year in spring
1 year old scion and 2 year old rootstock will be the result
https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M13_DAVI4493_08_SE_C13.pdf
• Success or Failure
Bud must unite within 2 to 3 weeks.
Success means bud retains it light brown/green color, and stays plump.
Failure means the bark piece turns black.
Budding can be repeated if bark still slips.
T-Budding/Shield Budding in Apple
https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M13_DAVI4493_08_SE_C13.pdf
T-Budding/Shield Budding in Apple
T-Budding/Shield Budding in Apple
Principles of grafting and budding chapter elevenhttps://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M11_DAVI4493_08_SE_C11.pdf
https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M13_DAVI4493_08_SE_C13.pdf
• Budding makes very efficient use of scionwood, because only a single bud is needed topropagate a new tree.
• This efficiency reduces both the number of trees required to supply scionwood and thelabor to maintain the trees and collect wood.
• Budding also makes good use of plant material in cases when scionwood of a particularclone is limited.
• Budding may also result in a stronger union, particularly during the first few years,than is obtained by some grafting techniques, which reduces the likelihood that windwill damage the trees.
• The simplicity and speed of budding, especially the T-budding and chip buddingtechniques, makes these techniques useful for amateur horticulturists.
• A single, well-learned method can be used in a wide variety of applications.
Advantages of Budding Compared to Grafting
Text taken from: https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M13_DAVI4493_08_SE_C13.pdf
Grafting in Apple
The union of a root system (understock) with a shoot system (scion) in such a manner
that they subsequently grow and develop as one composite (compound) plant.
https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M13_DAVI4493_08_SE_C13.pdf
• REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESSFUL GRAFTING
Grafting in Apple
1. The rootstock and scion must be compatible. They must be capable of uniting. Usually, but
not always, closely related plants, such as two apple cultivars, can be grafted together.
Distantly related plants, such as oak and apple, cannot make a successful graft combination
2. The vascular cambium of the scion must be placed in direct contact with that of the
rootstock. The cut surfaces should be held together tightly by wrapping, nailing, wedging,
or some similar method.
3. The grafting operation must be done at a time when the rootstock and scion are in the
proper physiological stage. Scion buds are dormant and rootstock may be active or inactive.
4. Immediately after the grafting operation is completed, all cut surfaces must be protected
from desiccation.
5. Proper care must be given to the grafts for a period of time after grafting.
Grafting in Apple
• Requirements: Time
Winter and early spring (Early March) while both scion and rootstock are still dormant
Containerized plants may be moved indoors during the actual grafting process; after grafting, these plants are placed in protected areas or in unheated overwintering houses
Field-grown stock, of course, must be grafted in place and union must be covered with
soil.
Some deciduous trees are commonly grafted as bare rootstock during the winter and stored until spring planting.
Indoor winter grafting is often referred to as bench grafting because it is accomplished at a bench.
https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/grafting-and-budding-nursery-crop-plants
• Requirements: Scion
• For most species, the wood should be 1 year old or less (current season’s growth). Avoid including oldergrowth, although with certain species, such as the fig or olive, 2-year-old wood is satisfactory, or evenpreferable, if it is of the proper size.
• Healthy, well-developed vegetative buds should be present. Avoid wood with flower buds. Usually,vegetative buds are narrow and pointed, whereas flower buds are round and plump
• The best type of scion material is vigorous (but not overly succulent), well-matured, hardened shootsfrom the upper part of the tree, which have grown 60 to 90 cm (2 to 3 ft) the previous summer. Suchgrowth develops on relatively young, well-grown, vigorous plants; high production of scion materialcan be promoted by pruning the plant back heavily the previous winter.
• A satisfactory size is from 0.6 to 1.2 cm (1/4 to 1/2 in) in diameter
• The best scions are obtained from the center portion or from the basal two-thirds of the shoots. Theterminal sections, which are likely to be too succulent pithy, and low in stored carbohydrates, should bediscarded. Mature wood with short internodes should be selected.
Grafting in Apple
https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M12_DAVI4493_00_SE_C12.pdf
• Detached scion graftage: A type of graft used when a section of the shoot of the scion is removed and grafted to the apex or side of the rootstock.
• 1: V-shape/Saddle
• 2: U-shape
• 3: Omega-shape
Grafting in Apple
https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/pdf%20stuff/ph%20final%20galley/M12_DAVI4493_00_SE_C12.pdf
https://www.amazon.com/NAYE-Garden-Grafting-Cutting-Scissors/dp/B079M6W6WV
5 mm to 12 mm/(1/4 to 1/2 in) in diameter
Grafting in Apple
Grafting in Apple
That’s a lot to chew on!
https://animals.howstuffworks.com/mammals/squirrels-really-organize-nuts.htm
Thanks and Questions