THE NERVOUS SYSTEMLaura Bisbee, Erin Campbell, Sam Bruno

THREE MAIN PARTS OF THE BRIAN

Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Medulla Oblongata

CEREBRUM

This is where conscious thought goes onLargest Part of brain Right half controls creativityLeft half controls logic Its separated in to four lobes

Frontal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe Parietal lobe

TEMPORAL LOBE

Involved with hearing processing, speech and vision

Part of the limbic system, which controls emotion and memory

Long term Memories are formed here.

OCCIPITAL LOBE

Where most visual processing happens

Damage to this lobe can cause Blindness and

hallucinations

PARIETAL LOBE

Two main regions First controls sensation and perception The second Constructs a spatial coordinate

system to represent the world around us.

FRONTAL LOBE

This part of the brain is where your personality and emotions are controlled.

It is in the front f the head which makes it the most prone to injury of all the lobes.

CEREBELLUM

Cerebellum means “little brain” Its located in the back of the brain Controls fine motor skills, posture and

balance Damage to the cerebellum can cause loss of

balance and slurred speech

MEDULLA OBLONGATA

Lower part of the brain stem Regulates vital body functions Controls reflexes like swallowing and

coughing

HEAD INJURIES

Any trauma to the brain, skull or scalp One of the most common causes of death to

adults Classified in two ways

Open – object broke skull and entered brain Closed- Hard hit to head but did not break skull

HEAD INJURIES CONT.

Symptoms can range from mild to servre Some common types

Concussion Skull fracture Intracranial hematoma Contusion (Bruising)

TREATMENT OF HEAD INJURES

Based on age, type of injury and overall health

Types of treatment Medication Surgery Repositioning Fluid restriction

THE SPINAL CORD

The spinal cord id the passage way from information to be transferred to the brain

It has five different type of nerves with in it: Cervical nerves that give movement and feeling

to arms, neck and upper torso Thoracic- nerves give movement to the upper

body muscles and arms Lumbar nerves give feeling to the legs and feet Sacral nerves that got to both send nerves to the

legs along with the lumbar nerves, bladder, bowel, and reproductive organs

Coccyegal nerve give gives feeling to the tail bone and the area around

NEURON IMPULSE TRANSITION

Process of sending an impulse from brain In order for this to happen their needs to be a

change in charge.

STEPS OF NEURON IMPULSE TRANSITION

Polarization of neuron’s membrane - the inside of the membrane is negative and the outside is positive

Neuron stays at rest until stimulus. Sodium ions move inside the membrane Repolarization Hyperpolarization: More potassium ions are

on the outside than there are sodium ions on the inside

Refractory periodhttp

://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYnvt8biXX0&feature=related

BRAIN ABSCESSES

A collection of immune cells, pus and other material in the brain.

Caused by bacterial or fungal infections Some Symptoms

Pain the upper and back and neck drowsiness slow thought process seizures loss of coordination and muscle function If left untreated a coma

BRIAN ABSCESSES TREATMENTS

Medication Medication can be used if the abscess small

enough (less than 2cm) Surgery

Surgery is needed is the medication is infective In surgery the whole abscess will be taken out or

a needle will be used to extract the fluid from the abscess

BRIAN DISORDERS AND DISEASES

ADHD- Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

Cerebral Palsy Huntington’s Disease Tay-Sachs Disease

ADHD

People with ADHD can not handle certain chemicals in the brain such as dopamine, serotonin, and adrenalin.

These chemicals all are related to emotions and impulses

Symptoms : being easily distracted excessive talking acting without thinking

Medications such as are used to treat ADHD: Ritalin Dexedrine Adderall

CEREBRAL PALSY

Motor disorders that result from brain injuries Effects the motor skills and ability to move The damaged area in this disease is the

cerebellum Symptoms range from not being able to use

scissors to not being able to balance while walking.

LIMBIC SYSTEM

This is the system of the brain that controls emotion and memory

It Includes : The Hypothalamus

Deals with homeostasis Controls thirst, hunger, anger, sexual behaviors

The Hippocampus Converts from short term to long term memory If damaged no more new memories can be formed http://

www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErjP5xMTc8I&feature=related

The Amygdala Role in emotional and motivation behavior