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Tissues4 main tissue types

Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue

Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue

Differ in size, shape of cells, amount and kind of fluid between cells & in special function they perform to help maintain body survival

Pg 35 Table 2-2 4 tissue types & subtypes w/ location and primary function

EPITHELIAL TISSUE

Covers body & many parts

Lines parts of body

Little to no interlocking material so forms continuous sheets that contain NO blood vessels

Epithelial Tissue

Classification of shape and arrangement

Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

simple squamous simple cuboidal simple columnar

stratified pseudostratified

Pg 37 fig 2-7

Classified by Shape of Cells• Squamous flat

• Cuboidal cube

• Columnar column

Classified by Arrangement of Cells• Simple: single layer

• Stratified: many layers of same shape

• Transitional: several layers of differing shapes

Simple Squamous Epithelial Cells

Fx. Absorption, Diffusion

Single layer

Scale like

Substances pass through easily

Ex. alveolar sacs in lungs (gas exchange)

Pg 36 fig 2-8

lining of blood

& lymphatic

vessels

Stratified Squamous Epithelial CellsFx ProtectionSeveral layersClosely packedEx. Skin surface (epidermis), mucus membranes(prevents cracks, chapping, cuts, etc that decrease protection & allow for invasion of microorganisms

Pg 37 fig 2-9

Lining of mouth & esophagus

Simple Columnar Epithelial CellsFx absorption, secretion (protection)

•Line inner surface of stomach, intestines, some respiratory & reproductive tracts

•Single Layer, higher than wide

•Nucleoli located towards bottom of cell

•Openings are special GOBLET cells

that produce mucus moisture/protection

Pg 38 fig 2-10

Stratified Transitional Epithelial Cells Fx protection

•Found in areas subject to stress, able to stretch

•Ex. Wall of bladder (10 layers of cuboidal cells w/out stretching

•Expand epithelial sheet when bladder full decreased cell layerstransitional (change shape flat

•Prevents bladder from tearing

Pg 38 fig 2-11

Glandular Epithelial Cells•Specialized for secretions

•Function singularly or in clusters called glands

•Hormones from Thyroid & Pituitary gland secretions go into ducts, blood, body surface. salivary glands saliva, digestive juices , sweat, etc,

Simple Cuboidal Epithelial Cells

•Single layer

•Cube Shaped

•Glands, ducts, kidney tubules

•Limited protection &/or secretion

•Absorption

Pseduostratified Columnar Epithelial Cells

•Lining of nasal cavity, bronchi and trachea

•Protection and secretioncilia

Connective Tissue

•Most abundant, widely distributed tissue type in body

•Most varied forms

•Found in skin membranes, muscles, bones, nerves, internal organs

•Delicate & thin to hold internal organs together & give them shape

•Strong & tough cords, rigid bones & blood

Connective Tissue Functions

•Connects tissues to each other & forms supporting framework for body & organs

•As blood, transports substances through body

•Some protect vs microbes

Connective vs Epithelial Tissue

Differ in

• arrangement & variety of cells

•Amount & kinds of intercellular material (matrix) found between cells

•Fibers also present

Structural quality & appearance of matrix (intercellular material) & fibers determines qualities or each type of connective tissue

Ex. Matrix in blood liquid

Matrix in cartilage firm rubber

Matrix in bone hard, rigid

Matrix in tendons/ligaments strong, flexible

Major Types of Connective Tissue in Body

Areolar Connective Tissue

Adipose/Fat Tissue

Fibrous Connective Tissue

Bone & Cartilage

Blood & Hemopoietic Tissue

1. Areolar Connective Tissue

• Most widely distributed

• Glue gives form to internal organs

• Delicate fiber webs

• Loose matrix of soft sticky gel

2. Adipose or Fat Tissue

• Specialized to store lipids

• Many spaces in tissue so FAT can accumulate inside cells

Pg 39 fig 2-12

3. Fibrous Connective Tissue

• Bundles of strong white collagenous fibers in parallel rows

• Compose tendons

• Provides strength & non stretching, anchor muscle to bones

Pg 40 fig 2-13

4.Bone and Cartilage

Bone Matrix

• Hard & calcified

• Forms many structural building blocks Haversian Systems

• Microscopically, circular arrangements of calcified matrix. Serves as storage area for Ca support & protection

Pg 41 fig 2-14

Cartilage Matrix

•Matrix firm plastic, gristle like gel

•Cartilage cells chondrocytes in tiny spaces throughout matrix

Pg 41 fig 2-15

5. Blood & Hemopoietic Tissue

• Blood: liquid, transport & protective function RBC’s, WBC’s, PLTS, etc

• Hemopoietic Tissue: found in marrow cavities or bones, organs, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes

• Responsible for formation of blood cells & lymphatic system stem cells important in defense

Pg 42 fig 2-16

Muscle Tissue

•3 kinds.

•Specialized in contractions function that produces many kinds of movements in body

1. Skeletal

(striated voluntary muscle)

•Attaches to bones

•Cross striations

•Contractions voluntary

Pg 43 fig 2-17

2. Cardiac Muscle

(striated involuntary muscle)•Composes wall of heart

•Cross striations

•Contractions (usually) can’t be controlled

Pg 43 fig 2-18

3. Visceral Muscle

(nonstriated smooth [involuntary] muscle)

•Helps form walls of blood vessels, intestines,

•Cells appear smooth, w/o cross striations

•Contractions (usually) can’t be controlled pg 44 fig 2-19

Nervous TissueFunction: Rapid communication between body structures & control of body functions

2 kinds of cells

Nerve Cells neurons, functional conducting units of system

Neuroglia special connecting & supporting cells pg 44 fig 2-20

axon

dendrites