t tno building and construction research enerbuild, 22-10-20021 the “space” experienced?
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Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 1
tTNO Building and Construction Research
The “Space” experienced?
Living space (apartment buildings, Living space (apartment buildings, private homes)private homes)
Working space (office buildings, Working space (office buildings, industrial working places)industrial working places)
Recreation space (gyms, swimming Recreation space (gyms, swimming pools)pools)
Public space (hotels, stations, schools, Public space (hotels, stations, schools, theatres)theatres)
Transport (land: cars, busses, trains, Transport (land: cars, busses, trains, trams; and air: aeroplanes, satellites)trams; and air: aeroplanes, satellites)
SPACESSPACES
EXPERIENCEDEXPERIENCEDHealth & comfort
Safety
Sustainability Energy use
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 4
Health, comfort and safety
• Feeling of safety emerging issue• Health and comfort of occupants is far from ideal
Related to(?):• Indoor Environment quality• Increase of the ageing population • Increasing individualisation
We do know:• Domestic: increase in asthma and allergies• Workplace: losses in work productivity
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 5
Direct financial impact to business (Fisk)
Buildings in Europe-15 Savings
Billion Euro/year
Reduced allergies and asthma 3-6
Reduced sick building syndrome
symptoms
15-45
Increased productivity (worker
performance)
30-240
Adequate design: preventing
repair of damages
10-20
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 6
Energy use and sustainability
• Policies towards enhanced sustainability• Industrial shift from a product towards
performance based approach • High potentialities for energy savings
• Much research and many actions: still more
use of energy is foreseen
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 7
Energy use and CO2 emissions in Europe.
2000 Projected
2010
Energy
use [Mtoe]
CO2 emission
[1010 kg]
Energy use
[Mtoe]
Europe-30 1250 250 1750
Buildings
Extra caused by
inadequate design
500
Up to 20%
100
20
700
140
Transport 400 80 560
Europe-15 1000 200 1340
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 8
Contradiction or optimisation - European (global) targets• To reduce the demand for energy by 18% by the year 2010,
to contribute to meeting the EU’s commitments to combat climate change and to improve the security of energy supply
• Health targets specified by the WHO Europe: • “By the year 2015, people in the Region should live in a safer physical
environment, with exposure to contaminants hazardous to health at levels not exceeding internationally agreed standard.” (European Health21 target 10) and
• “By the year 2015, people in the Region should have greater opportunities to live in healthy physical and social environments at home, at school, at the workplace and in the local community.” (European Health31 target 13)
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 9
Reasons/causes for failure?
• Different incentives or motives of stakeholders • Lack or miscommunication between different
stakeholders• Gaps in knowledge for example Performance criteria
for healthy buildings• Incomplete or non-existing regulation for indoor
environment quality • Existing regulations for other issues can be in
contradiction: for example possible effects of energy regulations on indoor environment quality
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 10
Objective• To realise sustainable low-energy spaces, in which
the People of Europe live, work or move in, under healthy, comfortable and safe conditions
• Without a coherent and integrated / disciplinary approach, the target of an eco-friendly, sustainable and minimal energy environment on the one hand and the ambition of a healthy, comfortable and safe space on the other appear to be conflicting and contra productive
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 11
Performance Concept
“Ends rather than means”
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 12
What is needed?
A conceptual model for integrated approach of health,
comfort, safety, sustainability and energy, understandable
to all stakeholders, with which one can:• A. qualify and/or quantify the perception of the People of Europe with
respect to health, comfort and safety feelings influenced by different
behaviour;• B. assess exposure levels and means to control exposure to unhealthy,
uncomfortable, unsafe conditions for the People of Europe;• C. design and build environments that are perceived as healthy,
comfortable and safe by the People of Europe and are sustainable and
low in energy use at the same time;• D. produce and maintain healthy, comfortable, safe and sustainable
low-energy products for enclosed spaces.
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 13
First questions
• What are the performance indicators that
describe the comfort, health and safety
conditions/perceptions of the People of
Europe from their perspective, and • What are the performance indicators that
describe the sustainability and energy use of
enclosed spaces in which people live, work
and move in?
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 14
International Status• HOPE: Health Optimisation Protocol for Energy-efficient
Buildings: Pre-normative and socio-economic research to create healthy and energy-efficient buildings
– R&D project (Energie program)
– 3 years: start 1 January 2002
• PeBBu: Performance Based Building
– thematic network (Growth program)
– 4 years: start 1 September 2001
• EOI ECOSPACE
HOPEHOPE Health Optimisation Protocol for Energy-Health Optimisation Protocol for Energy-efficient Buildingsefficient Buildings
Pre-normative and socio-economic research to create Pre-normative and socio-economic research to create healthy and energy-efficient buildingshealthy and energy-efficient buildings
TNO Building and Construction Research (NL)TNO Building and Construction Research (NL)Weerdenburg Huisvesting Consultants (NL)Weerdenburg Huisvesting Consultants (NL)Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (NL)Technische Universiteit Eindhoven (NL)University of Porto (P)University of Porto (P)Danish Building and Urban Research (DK)Danish Building and Urban Research (DK)Technical University of Berlin (D)Technical University of Berlin (D)Helsinki University of Technology (FIN)Helsinki University of Technology (FIN)Technical Research Centre of Finland (FIN)Technical Research Centre of Finland (FIN)University of Milano (I)University of Milano (I)BRE (UK)BRE (UK)Charles University of Prague (CZ)Charles University of Prague (CZ)Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (CH)Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (CH)E4Tech Bauen & Foradini (CH)E4Tech Bauen & Foradini (CH)Vaudois University Hospital Centre (CH)Vaudois University Hospital Centre (CH)
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 16
Questions• What is a healthy Building and what is energy-
efficient building?• What is an energy-efficient healthy building?• Are buildings with energy saving measures energy-
efficient?• What is the health status of occupants in buildings
with energy saving measures as compared to buildings without energy saving measures?
• How can we assure that buildings are healthy and energy-efficient at the same time?
HOPEHOPE
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 17
Results• A set of qualitative (prescriptive) and quantitative
(measurable) performance criteria for healthy and energy-efficient buildings for Europe
• A protocol for testing performance criteria for healthy and energy-efficient buildings
• To check performance criteria in existing buildings by:
• a multi-disciplinary study in 180 office and multi-apartment buildings of which 75% are designed to be energy-efficient
• a detailed investigation on at least 32 of the above buildings
HOPEHOPE
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 18
Results• A database of the health and energy efficiency status
of 180 buildings, with information on:• energy consumption and energy efficiency• comfort and health status of the occupants
• A protocol for improving a building that is unhealthy and/or not energy-efficient
• A public web-site with:– Progress and results of project– Possibility for non-participants to add data on their own buildings
into the database and characterise how healthy and energy-efficient their own building is as compared to the investigated buildings
HOPEHOPE
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 19
Main contractors• CIB: International Council for Research and
Innovation in Building and Construction (NL)• Belgian Building Research Institute (B)• Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (F)• TNO Building and Construction Research (NL)• EGM Architects (NL)• Technical research Centre of Finland (FIN)• University of Manchester (UK)• University of Salford (UK)• Building Research Establishment (UK)
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 20
ObjectivesStimulation and pro-active facilitation of international
dissemination and implementation of Performance Based Building in building and construction practice, and maximization of the contribution to this by the international R&D community, through:• stimulation and facilitation of the international programming
and coordination of research and implementation projects • Stimulation of actual investments in such research and
implementation projects• Providing the EU Network members with an optimal access to
knowledge and experience as available in non-EU countries • Coordinated dissemination and implementation of international
research in the area of Performance Based Building
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 21
Structure
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 22
Domains• BUILDING TECHNIQUE:
– Construction Materials and components– Indoor Environment
• BUILDINGS AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT: – Design of Buildings– Built Environment
• BUILDING PROCESS:– Organisation and Management– Legal and Procurement Practices
• BUILDING INDUSTRY:– Regulation– Innovation– Information and Documentation
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 23
EOI for IP ECOSPACE
• Title: Healthy, comfortable, safe and sustainable, low-
energy “space” for the people of Europe• Objective: To realise sustainable low-energy spaces,
in which the People of Europe live, work or move in,
under healthy, comfortable and safe conditions.• Includes 7 tasks, 4 domains and 5 “spaces”, creating
a three-dimensional framework that provides a
systematic basis for outlining, linking, integrating and
managing multiple sub-projects.
Health & comfortSafety
Sustainability Energy use
Behavior
Perception
Exposure
Control
Mainteance
Production
Construction
Design
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 25
Tasks foreseen
• Stage RTD• Task 1 Conceptual modelling: What are the performance
indicators that describe the comfort, health and safety
conditions/perceptions of the People of Europe from their
perspective, and what are the performance indicators that
describe the sustainability and energy use of enclosed spaces in
which people live, work and move in?
• Task 2 Gaps and RTD: What are the gaps in knowledge?
• Task 3 Fundamentals – Innovation: Which fundamental
research/innovations are needed to bridge the gaps?
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 26
Tasks foreseen
• Stage Demonstration• Task 4 Prototyping: Which prototype(s) will be developed?
• Stage Dissemination• Task 5 Standardization: Which European standards/guidelines
are lacking to be able to design, build and maintain healthy,
comfortable, safe and sustainable low-energy enclosed spaces in
which people live, work and move in?
• Task 6 Education and training: Which type of dissemination/
education is needed or most effective to transfer the acquired
knowledge, products and tools to the stakeholders addressed?
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 27
Task 7 Management
• Task leaders: responsible for the financial and organizational management of a specific task
• Domain leaders: responsible for the scientific contents of a specific domain that run in each task
• Overall Management: responsible for the overall management of the integrated project, divided into: Scientific-organizational management and Financial-organizational management
• Steering committee: comprising of industrial partners from each space
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 28
Timing and budget
• At least 5 years• 30-50 million Euro• Cyclic approach for identification of gaps, RTD
required and identification of prototypes to be
developed.• Continuous activities: standardization and
dissemination
Enerbuild, 22-10-2002 29
82 organisations expressed their interest• Belgium: Foundation Universitaire Luxembourgeoise (J. Nicolas); BBRI (P. Wouters); Catholic University of Leuven (H.
Hens); Catholic University of Louvain (A. de Herde); Czech Republic: Charles University of Prague (I. Holcatova); Czech Technical University of Prague (F. Drkal); Denmark: Danish Building and Urban Research (H.Knudsen); Technology Institute Energy (S.O. Jensen); Technical University of Denmark (G. Clausen); Estonia: Tallinn Technical University (L.Sasi); Finland: Helsinki Technical university (O. Seppänen); VTT (K. Saarela); Halton Oy (K. Hagstrom); ACE (V. Peltonen); City of Helsinki; Fläkt Woods Group; Granlund Consulting; France: EDF (D. Valery); CSTB (S. Kirchner); University of Rochelle (P.blondeau); Gaz de France (I.Palero-Perray); INSA Toulouse (B.Perrin); Germany: Technical University of Berlin (B. Müller); University of Jena (W. Bischof); Fraunhofer Institute (E. Mayer); University of Nuernberg (P.Pluschke); Dresden University (J. Grünewald); Calsitherm GmbH (W. Hüttner); Hungaria: EMI, Budapest (Z. Gereben); Greece: National Observatory Athens (C. Balaras); Aristotle University (K. Paioaannou); Terranova (A. Lagoudi); Israel: Technion Haifa (R. Becker); Italy: University of Milano (M. Maroni); KITE (I. Meroni); Stazione Sperimentale del Vetro (P. Polato); Lithuania: JSC Eksergija (V. Martinaitis); Kaunas University of Technology (B. Cernius); IAC, Kaunas (O.Samajaunkas); Norway: NTH Trontheim (J. Thue) ; Poland: Silesian University of Technology (Z. Popiolek); TU Lodz (D. Gawin); Polish Academy of Sciences (H. Sobczuk); Portugal: University of Porto (E. de Oliveira Fernandes); Scotland: University of Strathclyde (J.A. Clark); University of Edinburgh (C. Hall); Scottish Energy Systems Group (SESG); Slovenia: ZRMK (M. Sijanec Zavrl); University of Bratislava (P. Matiasovski); Slowakia: Technical University of Slowakia (Dusan Petras); Spain: AICIA (J. Molina); Cartif (P. Cabellero); University of Madrid (A.J. Garriga Trillo); Sweden: JW (J. Kronvall); SP (Björn Lundgren); FORMAS (N. Dawidowicz); Chalmers University (C.-E Hagentoft); Lund University (A. Elmroth); Switzerland: EPFL (C.-A. Roulet); Vaudois Uni. Hospital Centre (F. Spertini); E4 Tech (F. Foradini); EMPA (V. Dorer); Enecolo (P. Toggweiler); The Netherlands: TNO (P. Bluyssen); TU/e (P. Rutten); CIB (J. Bramwell); VROM (P. van Luijk); WHC (M. Weerdenburg); ISSO (A. Boerstra); UK: BRE (G. Raw); Martin Centre - University of Cambridge (K. Steemers); Cambridge Architectural Limited (H. Mulligan); BDSP Partnership ltd. (N. Campbell); University College Dublin (O. Lewis); Oxford Brookes University (M. Hutchins); General: INIVI EEIG (P. Wouters); REVHA (O. Seppänen); Eurovent (European Manufacturers of Air Handling equipment); Eurofuel (Oil Heating association); European Property Federation (Association of European Building owners), Rockwool Benelux (C. Hamans).