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7/14/2019 t Wenner Abap

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ABAPFinding Appropriate Abstractions for

Business Application Programming

Horst Keller, SAP AGTobias Wenner, SAP AG


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SAP 2011 / ABAP Introduction and Overview / Horst Keller, Tobias Wenner / SAP AG / Page 2




ABAP Runtime Environment

ABAP Essential Concepts at one Glance

ABAP Development

ABAP Strong Points

Conclusion


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ABAP Development

ABAP Strong Points

Conclusion


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Business Application Programming Big Picture

Data in Tables of a Central

Relational Database

UI

Application Programs

App Server 1 App Server 2

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

Persistence Layer

Application Programs


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Business Application Programming The ABAP Way

Data in Tables of a Central

Relational Database

UI

ABAP Programs

Presentation Layer

Application Layer

Persistence Layer



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ABAP Development

ABAP Strong Points

Conclusion


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The ABAP Runtime Environment

ABAP Program

SAP GUI, HTTP(S)

Native Database Commands

ABAP Runtime EnvironmentHardware-, operating-system-, and

database-independent platform

(virtual machine) that provides

Interfaces

Server Management (Memory,

Process, Task Handling) Text Environment

Locking and Transaction

Services

for ABAP programs.



ABAP Runtime Environment Past to PresentClassical ABAP - Reporting

R/3-System

SAP Basis

Report Program

Classical Lists

(Screen/Spool)

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REPORTabap_intro_classic_report.

TABLESflight_plan.

ULINE.

SELECT * FROM flight_plan.

WRITE: flight_plan-carrid, |,

flight_plan-connid, |,

flight_plan-cityfrom, |,

flight_plan-cityto, |.

ULINE.

ENDSELECT.

ABAP

Allgemeiner Berichts Aufbereitungs Prozessor



ABAP Runtime Environment Past to PresentModern ABAP ABAP Objects

Services

Services

Application

PROGRAMmodern_abap_example.

CLASSflight_app.

METHOD get_flights.

...

ENDMETHOD.

METHOD book_flight.

...

ENDMETHOD.

ENDCLASS.

ABAP

Advanced Business Application Programming








ABAP Development

ABAP Strong Points

Conclusion



ABAP LanguageABAP Essential Concepts at one Glance, Part 1

CLASSget_and_display_flightsDEFINITION.

PUBLIC SECTION.

CLASS-METHODSmain.

PRIVATE SECTION.

TYPEScarrid_t TYPEint4.

CLASS-DATAselfTYPE REF TOget_and_display_flights.

METHODS: get_flights

IMPORTINGcarrierTYPEcarrid_tRETURNING value(flights)TYPEsflight

RAISINGcx_no_flights,

display_flights

IMPORTINGflightsTYPEflight_tab.ENDCLASS.

Class Definition

Static Methods

Type declaration

Static Attributes

Instance Methods

PROGRAMabap_intro_essentials.

CLASScx_no_flightsDEFINITIONINHERITING FROM cx_static_check.

ENDCLASS.

Exception Class




CLASSget_and_display_flightsIMPLEMENTATION.

METHODmain.

DATA: carrier TYPEsflight-carrid,

my_flights TYPEsflight.

CREATEOBJECT self.CALL FUNCTION'REQUEST_CARRIER'

IMPORTING

carrier = carrier.

TRY.

my_flights = self->get_flights( carrier ).

CATCHcx_no_flights.

MESSAGE text-nofTYPE'I'DISPLAYLIKE'E'.

RETURN.

ENDTRY.self->display_flights( my_flights ).

ENDMETHOD.

Class Implementation

Method Implementation

Local Data

Object Instantiation

Function Call

Method Call

Exception Handling




METHODget_flights.

SELECT*

FROMsflight

INTO TABLEflights

WHEREcarrid = carrier.

IFsy-subrc 0.

RAISEEXCEPTIONTYPEcx_no_flights.

ENDIF.

ENDMETHOD.

METHODdisplay_flights.

DATA: display_tabTYPE STANDARD TABLE OFsflight,

alvTYPE REF TOcl_salv_table,

excTYPE REF TOcx_salv_msg.

TRY.

display_tab = flights.

cl_salv_table=>factory(

IMPORTINGr_salv_table = alv

CHANGING t_table = display_tab ).alv->display( ).

CATCHcx_salv_msgINTOexc.

MESSAGEexcTYPE'I'DISPLAYLIKE'E'.

RETURN.

ENDTRY.

ENDMETHOD.ENDCLASS.

Open SQL

Exception Raising

Global Classes

Method Call

Internal Table








ABAP Development

ABAP Strong Points

Conclusion



ABAP DevelopmentABAP Workbench

ABAP Workbench

Integrated Tool

Environment for all

Development

Objects

Server Side

Development

Change and

Transport System

Test Tools



ABAP DevelopmentFuture: ABAP in Eclipse



ABAP DevelopmentABAP Debugger

Two Process Debugging



ABAP DevelopmentABAP Language - Documentation

Comprehensive help for more than 700 ABAP keywords

F1








ABAP Development

ABAP Strong Points

Conclusion



ABAP LanguageABAP Strong Points Built-in Database Access

Open SQL Native SQL

ADBC

DATA: sql TYPE REF TO cl_sql_statement,stmtTYPE string

.

stmt = `SELECT ... `.

sql->execute_query( stmt ).

EXEC SQL.

SELECT ...

CREATE TABLE ...

EXECUTE PROCEDURE ...

ENDEXEC.

SELECT...FROM ...

INTO ...

WHERE ...

GROUP BY ...

HAVING ...

ORDER BY ...

OPEN/FETCH/CLOSE

CURSOR...

INSERT...

UPDATE...MODIFY...

DELETE...

DML

Database Independent

DML and DDL

Platform Dependent

DML and DDL

Database Dependent



ABAP LanguageABAP Strong Points Handling Tables

Database Tables

Tables on Screens____

DATAitabTYPE TABLE OF ...

SELECT * FROMdbtab INTO TABLEitab.

LOOP ATitab ...

MODIFY...

ENDLOOP.

UPDATE dbtabFROM TABLE itab.

Tables in ABAP:

Internal Tables



ABAP LanguageABAP Strong Points Dictionary Reflecting DB Catalog

ABAP Dictionary

DBTABCOL1COL2

COL3

...

Database Tables

Screen Painter____

DATAscreen_fieldTYPEdbtab-col3.

DATAitabTYPE TABLE OF dbtab.

SELECT SINGLEcol3FROMdbtab

INTOscreen_field

WHEREcol1 =4711.

SELECT * FROMdbtab INTO TABLEitab.



ABAP LanguageABAP Strong Points Built-in XML-Support

REPORTabap_intro_xml_conversion.

DATA:BEGIN OFcarrier_wa,

carridTYPEscarr-carrid,

carrnameTYPEscarr-carrname,

url TYPEscarr-url,

END OFcarrier_wa,

carrier_tabLIKETABLEOFcarrier_wa,

xml_xstringTYPExstring.

SELECT*

FROMscarr

INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLEcarrier_tab.

CALL TRANSFORMATIONabap_intro_simple_trans

SOURCEcarriers = carrier_tab

RESULT XMLxml_xstring

OPTIONSxml_header ='NO'.

cl_abap_browser=>show_xml(

xml_xstring = xml_xstring ).

cl_abap_browser=>show_html(html_xstring = xml_xstring

buttons ='X'

check_html =' ').

Carriers:

IdName

Homepage

Simple Transformation,

Standard XSLT is also possible



ABAP LanguageABAP Strong Points Proof of Concept

ABAP-based SAPApplications

ABAP is the language in which most of the business

applications of the worlds largest ERP vendor are

developed.

THE BEST RUN BUSINESSES RUN ABAP








ABAP Development

ABAP Strong Points

Conclusion


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ConclusionABAP meets the Demands of an Ever-Changing World

R/2 ABAP ABAP/4 Modern ABAPABAP Objects Unicode enabled

by an Ongoing Evolution!

ABAP


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THANK YOU FOR YOUR

ATTENTION !

QUESTIONS SUGGESTIONS DISCUSSION


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SAP 2008 / ABAP Introduction and Overview / Horst Keller / NW F ABAP / Page 28

Backup Slides


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ABAP LanguageABAP Strong Points The ABAP Type Zoo, Part 1

Types

Data Types

Elementary Daty Types

Fixed Length

Variable Length

Objects

Data Objects

Elementary Data Objects

Static Data Objects

Dynamic Data Objects

f

i

x

Binary Floating Point Numbers

Integers

Byte Fields

string

xstring

Character Strings

Byte Strings

data, any

clike

csequence

numeric

simple

xsequence

c

d Date Fields

n Numeric Text Fields

t Time Fields

p Packed Numbers

Text Fields

Generic Types

decfloat16/34 Decimal FltPt. decfloat

ABAP L


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ABAP LanguageABAP Strong Points The ABAP Type Zoo, Part 2

Types

Data Types

Complex Data Types

Structured Types

Table Types

Object Types

Classes

Interfaces

Objects

Data Objects

Complex Data Objects

Structures

Internal Tables

Reference Types

Data References

Object References

Reference Variables

Data Reference Variables

Object Reference Variables

Interface References Interface Reference Variables

Class References Class Reference Variables

Objects

Index Tables

Standard Tables

Sorted Tables

Hashed Tables

Standard Tables

Sorted Tables

Hashed Tables

data, any

object

any table

[standard] table

sorted table

hashed table

index table


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ABAP LanguageABAP Strong Points Internal Tables from Past to Present

Tables of Structures

Tables of any Type

Tables of References

REPORTabap_intro_reference_table.

DATAvehicle_tabTYPE TABLE OF

REF TOcl_abap_intro_vehicle.

DOnTIMES.

CREATEOBJECT vehicle.

APPENDvehicleTOvehicle_tab.

ENDDO.

LOOP ATvehicle_tabINTOvehicle.

vehicle->show_speed( ).

ENDLOOP.

Three kinds of internal tables:

Standard tables

Sorted tables

Hashed tables


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ABAP LanguageABAP Strong Points Internal Tables with Secondary Keys

REPORTdemo_secondary_keys.

DATA: itabTYPE HASHED TABLE OFexample_data=>strucWITH UNIQUE KEYidx

WITH NON-UNIQUE SORTED KEYk1

COMPONENTSname postal_code.

READ TABLEjtabINTOwa

WITH KEYk1COMPONENTSname =...

postal_code =... .

Primary

unique

hashed key

Secondary

non-unique

sorted key

Access via

secondary key


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ABAP LanguageABAP Strong Points Dynamic Programming

REPORTabap_intro_dynamic .

DATA: type_descr TYPE REF TOcl_abap_typedescr,

struct_descr TYPE REF TOcl_abap_structdescr,table_descr TYPE REF TOcl_abap_tabledescr,

components TYPEcl_abap_structdescr=>component_table,

table_ref TYPE REF TO data.

FIELD-SYMBOLS TYPE ANY TABLE.

cl_abap_typedescr=>describe_by_name(

EXPORTING p_name = dbtab

RECEIVING p_descr_ref = type_descr ).

components = ...

struct_descr = cl_abap_structdescr=>create( components ).

table_descr = cl_abap_tabledescr=>create( struct_descr ).

CREATE DATAtable_refTYPE HANDLEtable_descr.

ASSIGNtable_ref->*TO.

TRY.

SELECT(cols)

FROM(dbtab)

INTOCORRESPONDINGFIELDS OF TABLE

WHERE(where).

CATCHcx_sy_sql_errorINTOerror.

...

ENDTRY.

RTTSClasses

Data

Reference

Field Symbol

RTTI

RTTC

Data Object

Instantiation

Dynamic

Tokens

ABAP L


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ABAP LanguageABAP Strong Points Exception Handling

CX_ROOT

CX_NO_CHECKCX_STATIC_CHECK CX_DYNAMIC_CHECK

CLASScx_... DEFINITION INHERITING FROMcx_..._check.

...

ENDCLASS.

DATA oref TYPE cx_...

TRY.method( ... ).

CATCHcx_... cx_... INTOoref.

...

CLEANUP.

...

ENDTRY.

METHODS method RAISINGcx_...

METHOD method.

RAISEcx_...

ENDMETHOD.

ABAP D l t


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ABAP DevelopmentABAP Language - Keywords

ABAP

Not really a Language for Esthets

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