T175 B Networked Living:

Exploring Information and Communication Technologies

First Meeting

Block 3

ENTERTAINMENT AND INFORMATION

Part 3

computer Activities

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2 - Spreadsheet Basics:

2.1 What is a spreadsheet? A spreadsheet is a program which allows you to

enter, manipulate and display data, including numbers, text, dates and mathematical formulae.

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2 - Spreadsheet Basics Cont.:

Activity:

Look at the last Figures. What major similarities and differences do you note about the screen displays?

• The displays and the layouts are very similar.• The major difference in the fine detail of the

toolbars. • Many spreadsheet packages allow you to

‘tailor’ the toolbars to your own requirements.

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2 - Spreadsheet Basics:

StarOffice spreadsheet display with formula bar, cell A2 and cell B3 indicated

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2 - Spreadsheet Basics:

Highlighting a range of cells by clicking and dragging the mouse

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2 - Spreadsheet Basics:

2.2 Creating a spreadsheet with a column chart

Activity:

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The table gives some information about the growth of the internet over the period from 1996 to 2002. Open up your spreadsheet package and enter the data in columns A and B.

2 - Spreadsheet Basics:

Sample data in a StarOffice spreadsheet

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2 - Spreadsheet Basics:

Labelling via the ‘AutoFormat Chart’ dialogue box

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2 - Spreadsheet Basics:

Completing the ‘AutoFormat Chart’ dialogue box

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2 - Spreadsheet Basics:

Chart created from a spreadsheet

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3 - Spreadsheet Activities:

3.1 Using formulaeSpreadsheet can perform all sorts of computations

and mathematical operations.• Open a new spreadsheet document and enter 1 in

cell A1. • To use a formula, type: “= A1 + 1”.• ‘ = ’ indicates that it will treat the cell contents as a

formula.• You should see the screen shown as next Figure.

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3 - Spreadsheet Activities:

StarOffice spreadsheet display with formula bar and cell A2 indicated

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3 - Spreadsheet Activities:

Spreadsheet display with values in cells A3 to A814T175 Networked Living04/10/23

3 - Spreadsheet Activities:

Spreadsheet with new row 1 inserted15T175 Networked Living04/10/23

3 - Spreadsheet Activities:

The formula is ‘ = B2*2’.16T175 Networked Living04/10/23

3 - Spreadsheet Activities:

3.2 Dealing with large ranges of numbers:

Spreadsheet with column graph17T175 Networked Living04/10/23

3 - Spreadsheet Activities:

Spreadsheet with column graph18T175 Networked Living04/10/23

3 - Spreadsheet Activities:

Linear Scale, each increment on the scale corresponds to adding a certain amount. So, in last Figure the scale is labeled in increments of 5000: 0, 5000, 10 000, 15 000, ... – we add 5000 each time.

Logarithmic Scale, each increment on the scale corresponds to multiplying by a certain amount. So, a logarithmic scale might be labeled 1, 10, 100, 1000, ... – multiplying by 10 each time.

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4 - Graphics

4.1 Introduction:In this section we put into practice some of the ideas

about pixels, file sizes and data compression.

The activities use a graphics editing package called IrfanView.

You will also be using the T175 Colour demonstrator.

you need to be sure that your computer is set up to show filename extensions (.doc, .xls, .jpg).

To do this is to go to My Computer, and find Folder Options (under ‘Tools’). In Folder Options, then ‘View’. Remove ‘Hide extensions”.

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4 - Graphics

4.2 Greyscale:Grayscale images are distinct

from one-bit black-and-white images. Grayscale images have many shades of gray in between. varying from black at the weakest intensity to white at the strongest.

• IrfanView information pane.

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4 - Graphics

the data for the two images are similar except in one respect. In 1st image the number of unique colours is 2, whereas in 2nd image, it is 256.

In fact, 1st image does not have any set number of colours.

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4 - Graphics

4.3 Reducing the file size:With an image file opened, go to

‘Image’ and then ‘Decrease color depth’.

The option ‘256 colours(8 BPP)’is not available because the current colour is already 256.

After that, should have found that ‘Current memory size’ has dropped because of decreasing the colour size.

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4 - Graphics

4.4 Compression:Lossless Compression, the process of

compressing and then uncompressing loses none of the information in the original file.

Lossy Compression, information is lost forever.

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4 - Graphics

4.5 From Grey To Colour:In computer graphics, the distinction between grey

and colour is a bit artificial.

Greys images are represented in the file and displayed in three colours (white, black and grey).

In colour images, pixels on a display comes from combining three primary colours: red, green and blue. these primary colours can create other colours.

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4 - Graphics

In a bitmap file, (.BMP or .TIF) an 8-bit number is typically used to indicate the ‘brightness’ of a primary colour in a pixel. three 8-bit numbers are needed to specify all three primaries of a pixel to make a 24-bit number

Example:

110010001100100011001000

Represents:

11001000 11001000 11001000

(red) (green) (blue)

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4 - Graphics

When you reach the maximum zoom, you will see that the picture is a mixture of small squares.

Within a square, the colour is the same (one pixel).

With 24 bits per pixel, we can have 256 different red values, 256 different green values 256 different blue values.

The total number of colours in a pixel is:

256 x 256 x 256 = 16 777 216 colours

A monitor that can display this number of colours is ‘true colour’.

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4 - Graphics

• The JPEG process works by taking blocks of pixels in the picture and analysing how the colour changes across each block.

The data in the JPEG file records the patterns of variation across groups of pixels (not individual).

• When the picture is viewed, these patterns of variation have to be translated back to individual red, green and blue values.

• Compression in JPEG files is achieved by reducing the variability of colour in places where the reduction is unlikely to be noticed.

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4 - Graphics

4.6 Other Formats:IrfanView allows you to save files in a number of

other formats.

GIF and PNG. Both of these are intended primarily for use with Web graphics.

The GIF format incorporates LZW lossless compression (restricted to 256 colours).

The PNG format (Portable Network Graphics) is also primarily for use on the Web. It incorporates lossless compression (not restricted to 256 colours.

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4 - Graphics

Display Settings For A Computer

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5 - Computers And Animation

This section consists of a short movie on the course DVD.

It describes the way that computers and computer software have transformed the way that animations are created and used by the entertainment industry.

Computer Generated Imagery (CGI) is used extensively to provide virtual sets, animated scenes and characters in movies, TV programmes and adverts.

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5 - Computers And Animation

Section1 introduces the deformable mesh --the basic CGI structure –from

Section2 look sat the way that attributes of 3D models

Section 3 describes how ‘simple’ CGI objects such as sharks, spaceships and cameras are animated.

Section 4 shows how digital puppets are animated to move and behave realistically.

Section 5 how are things are integrated with actual movie footage to create the finished visuals.

Section 6 presents StainX movie & audio track.

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End of The First Meeting

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