t.3.17 eng101 causaltechniques quotationpunctuation

8/19/2019 T.3.17 Eng101 CausalTechniques QuotationPunctuation

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Eng

101Quotation Punctuation

Causal Techniques


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Quotation Marks

Punctuation & Quotation marks

Place periods inside

According to the online article written by

Smith, “Textbooks are boring.”

In the online article, the author declares

that “Textbooks are boring” (Smith).


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Quotation Marks


Place commas inside

According to the online article written by

Smith, “Textbooks are boring,” and

textbooks should be burned.


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Quotation Marks


Put question marks and exclamationpoints inside quotation marks unless

they apply to the whole sentence

Bedtime at my house is marked by

“Mommy, can I tell you a story now?”

(Stanko 7).

Have you heard the old proverb “Do not

climb the hill until you reach it”? ( Stanko

7).


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Quotation Marks


Put colons and semicolons outsideHarold wrote, “I regret that I am unable to

attend the fundraiser for AIDS research”; hisletter, however, came with a substantialcontribution (Stanko 7).

Do not use quotation marks to drawattention to familiar slang, to disown trite

expressions, or to justify an attempt athumor

It was a “ballpark figure.”

http://

youtu.be/E-PIidaqCyU

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WebMD lists “sleep-driving” as a side effectof prescription sleep aids.

The worker says to himself, “If I didn’t knowbetter I think I have been pink washed”.

November has arrived and we are officially inthe “Holidays”, that exciting time of theyear when we get to spend time withfamily, friends and loved ones.

Someone once said that a “small group ofdetermined individuals can change the

world”.

The good doctor’s newsletters...


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Causal Techniques


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What are the elements of a

Causal essay? Purpose

Patterns

Reasoning Errors

Ethics

Thesis and details

https://youtu.be/Gyk55GYnGl0

https://youtu.be/Gyk55GYnGl0https://youtu.be/Gyk55GYnGl0https://youtu.be/Gyk55GYnGl0


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Purpose What is a cause?

◦ Probes the reasons why actions, events,attitudes, and conditions exist

What is an effect?◦ Examines consequences of causes

2 purpose possibilities for a causal essay Explain historical events, natural

happenings, actions and attitudes ofindividuals and groups

Help readers anticipate theconsequences of personal actions,natural phenomena, or governmentpolicies


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Patterns Single cause produces several effects

Might discuss cause then effects or

effects then cause

I. Poor language skills

II. Body

A. Can’t keep up with required

reading

B. Can’t take adequate notes

C. Can’t write competent papers


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Patterns Several causes produce one effect

◦ Might discuss effect then causes or causes

then effect

I. Decrease in U.S. zinc production

II. BodyA. produced more cheaply abroad

B. replaced on cars by plastics, lighter

metals

C. cannot be recycled


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Patterns Causal Chain

◦

Each event is effect of preceding one and thecause of the following one

◦ Help explain how devices function and howsome social changes proceed

◦ Similar to process analyses which is

concerned with HOW events occur...causal isconcerned with WHY events occur

II. Body

A. sleep late

B. miss breakfastC. become hungry and distracted

D. perform poorly on exam


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Patterns Multiple Cause-Multiple Effect

◦ Sequence of causes and effects is too complex to fit

image of chain◦ Present causes then effects or effects then causes

Topic: accident

II. Body

A. causes of the accident1. driver ran stop sign

2. Bushes and unlit headlights impairedvision

3. Wet pavement caused skiddingB. Effects of the accident

1. missed the movie

2. Unnerved so missed classes next day

3. Other driver lost license


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Reasoning Errors

Ignoring multiple causes

An effect rarely stems from a singlecause

Mistaking chronology for causation

Don’t assume that just because oneevent followed another that the firstnecessarily caused the other(chronology)

Confusing causes and effects Pam and Paul married because they fell

in love; in reality it was an economicnecessity, and love came later.


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EthicsForcing a particular outcome by uncovering only

certain causes

Report blaming poor instruction for highstudent failure rate neglects oversized classes,socioeconomics

Carefully weighed importance of chosen causes

If a few, but not most, of the classes in theproblem school system are oversized, thenreport shouldn’t stress their significance

Discuss every important effect (even one thatdamages point)

Report emphasizing the beneficial effects of jogging must discuss potential for energy

Consequences of people acting upon essay

Call to action


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Thesis & DetailsThesis statement

Identifies the event to be explained oreffects to be considered

Explains importance of understandingthe causes or effects

Offers a summary of the major causesor effects

Details

Not just a bare-bones discussion ofcauses and effects or a list

Vivid description used


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For Tuesday 3/29… Purpose

Aziz, David, Robert, Cody

Patterns

Danny, Tony, Zach Reasoning Errors

Ashley B., Naudya, Ashley C. , Mieah

Ethics

Corrine, Pauline, Summer, Daishawna

Thesis & Details

Brittany, Kaprielle, Cambria, Cassie

Apply your assigned elements to each of the following readings. Beprepared to extensively discuss your findings with the class.

Knapp’s “Why We Keep Stuff”Mooney’s “The Science of Why We Don’t Believe Science”

Luscombe & Stinchfield’s “Why We Flirt”

*pages are listed in the syllabus

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