The Maltese House of Representatives

Historical Background Maltese constitutional development has had a rather turbulent history. Under the Order of St John, from 1530 to 1798, democracy was unknown even as an inspiration. The French period was short-lived, from 1798 to 1800, and was marked by an armed insurrection within months of its commencement. With the approval of the King of the Two Sillies, whom the Maltese still recognized as their lawful sovereign, the British were invited in and the French eventually had to leave.

In 1814, by the Treaty of Paris, Malta became a British possession. Its first Constitution was granted in 1835. However, its Council of Government was by nomination. In 1887, for the first time in its history, Malta acquired representative government through a Council which was composed of a majority of Maltese elected Members. By the him of the century, the political situation became tense as the 1887 constitution was slowly dismantled until representative government was revoked altogether in 1903.

The political aspirations of the Maltese grew stronger and in February 1919 a newly constituted National Assembly unanimously resolved to request the British government to grant a new constitution with full political and administrative autonomy. Events came to a head on 7 June 1919 when riots broke out as a result of which four Maltese were killed by British troops. This crisis paved the way for the formation of a responsible government through a new constitution, granted in 1921. Thus Malta had its first government composed of Ministers who were themselves Members of and responsible to a Legislature which the Maltese people elected.

Malta obtained independence from the UK in 1964 and became a Republic in 1974. Thirty Years later, in 2004, Malta joined the European Union.

The House of Representatives The Maltese Parliament can be described as the sum total of the constitutional experiences which the Island went through especially during the past century. The Maltese Parliament is an institution that operates under a set of rules which have been modeled on the British House of Commons' general rules of procedure, but which have been tailored to suit the needs of a much smaller Parliament. The Maltese Parliament has today built its own tradition and structures, but which can still access and benefit from precedents. Customs and usages adopted by the House of Commons in cases not provided for by the Standing Orders of the Maltese Parliament.

Throughout the years, the Maltese Parliament has functioned through simplicity and pragmatism. However, in 1995, the need was felt to set up Standing Committees, namely, the Public Accounts Committee, chaired by an Opposition Member, a Privileges Committee, a House Business Committee, a Social Affairs Committee and a Foreign and European Affairs Committee. These Committees relieve and facilitate the work in plenary.

Parliamentary diplomacy Parliamentary involvement in international affairs have been recognized by one and all. Parliamentary business and multilateral relationships demands a more assertive place in the globalised agenda of the twenty-first century.

Malta's commitments have grown considerably since 2004 when the Island became a member of the European Union. However, membership of the European Union has shown itself open to compatibility with membership of other international organizations. Thus,

the Maltese Parliament, besides participating actively in European Institutions and their

activities, takes part in other international parliamentary fora, including the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organisation of Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the Parliamentary Assembly of the Coundl of Europe, the Euro-Mediterranean Parliamentary Assembly (EMPA), the Inter-Parliamentary Union and the Commonwealth Parliamentary Assodation(CPA). Malta, along with Cyprus and Britain, remains an active member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

Parliamentary Committees

In 1995, as a result of a series of Intensive discussions between the parliamentary groups and the Speaker of the House, the Standing Orders of the House were amended so as to set up a number of Parliamentary Committees. The objective was that of Increasing efficiency in the conduct of parliamentary work as well as that of providing additional fora for the carrying out of Parliament's scrutiny functions.

The Standing Orders make provision for six Standing Committees:

• Standing Committee on House Business • Standing Committee on Privileges • Standing Committee on Public Accounts • Standing Committee on Foreign and European Affairs • Standing Committee on Social Affairs • Standing Committee on Consideration of Bills

The Standing Committees have introduced an element of consultation with dvil society. Technical experts and representatives from various organisations are invariably invited by the Social Affairs Committee to contribute to the discussion by way of their expertise on a number of subjects.

Committee meetings are open to the public and are streamed on the Internet, thus facilitating an even doser relationship between the people and their elected representatives in Parliament.

All six Committees are established anew at the start of each legislature by means of a formal motion in the House. Concurrently, two other Committees are appointed:

• Standing Committee on Development Planning by virtue of the Development Planning Act

• National Audit Office Accounts Committee by virtue of the National Audit Office Act

The Standing Orders also provide for the setting up of sub-committees under the Foreign and European Affairs Committee and appointment of Select Committees for the purpose of investigating specific issues.

Standing Order No. 121 makes provision for the appointment of Select Committees for the purpose of investigating matters referred to them by the House. During the 11th Legislature three such Committees have been setup.

• Select Committee - Strengthening of Democracy • Select Committee - Medically assisted procreation • Select Committee - Re-codification and consolidation of laws

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PERCENTAGE OF WOMEN

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IPU PARLINE database: MALTA (II-Kamra Tad-Deputati), General information Page 1 of 1

MALTA I1-Kamra Tad-Deputati (House of Representatives)

General information Electoral system Last elections I Election archive Presidency Specialized bodies

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE PARLIAMENT

■ Compare data for parliamentary chambers In the General information module ■

Parliament name II-Kamra Tad-Deputati / House of Representatives (generic / translated)

Structure of parliament Unicameral

Affiliation to the IPU

Yes

Affiliation date(s)

1988 -

LEADERSHIP

President

Notes

Secretary General

COMPOSITION

Members (statutory / current number)

Women (current number)

Mode of designation

Notes

Term

Last renewal dates

CONTACT INFORMATION

Address

Phone

Fax

E-mail

Website

Michael Frendo (M)

Appointed on 29 Apr. 2010.

Pauline Abela (F)

65 / 69

6 (8.70%)

Directly elected 65 Other 4

Other: Includes four co-opted members ("bonus seats") and the Speaker. Additional members may be co-opted to ensure that a party with a majority of first-preference votes secures a majority of seats in the House of Representatives. The Speaker may be designated from outside parliament but does not become an ex officio member of the House

5 years

8 March 2008 (View details)

House of Representatives The Palace - VALLETTA CMR 02 (Eport mailing lists)

(356) 25596 206 25596 000

(356) 25596 400

pauline.abela@gov.mt parliament@gov.mt

http://www.parliament.gov.mt/

This page was last updated on 10 May 2010 Copyright 1996-2010 Inter-Parliamentary Union

hH-n•//www Intl nrninarline-e/renorts/2203 A.htm

6/10/2010

IPU PARLINE database: MALTA (II-Kamra Tad-Deputati), Last elections Page 1 of 2

MALTA I1-Kamra Tad-Deputati (House of Representatives)

General Information l Electoral system Last elections Election archive Presidency Specialized bodies Fra

LAST ELECTIONS

■ Compare data for parliamentary chambers in the Last elections module ■

■ A historical Archive of oast election results for this chamber can be found on a separate page ■

Parliament name (generic / II-Kamra Tad-Deputati / House of Representatives translated)

Structure of parliament Unicameral

BACKGROUND

Dates of election / renewal 8 March 2008 (from/to)

Purpose of elections Elections were held for all the members of the House of Representatives following the premature dissolution of this body on 4 February 2008. General elections had previously been held on 12 April 2003.

On 4 February 2008, Prime Minister Lawrence Gonzi called general elections for 8 March, five months before they were constitutionally due. President Eddie Fenech Adam) subsequently dissolved the House of Representatives. Mr. Gonzi had succeeded Mr. Fenech Adami as Prime Minister In March 2004. The following month, the Parliament elected the latter as the new President.

The country's Constitution was revised in September 2007 to give more importance to the first-count vote (which is attributed to voters' most preferred candidate) in general elections. If necessary, the party that wins the highest percentage of first-count votes is given "bonus seats° In order to secure a majority in the House of Representatives. As In previous elections, candidates were allowed to contest in two districts.

In the last elections held In April 2003, the Nationalist Party (PN), now led by Prime Minister Gonzi, had won 35 of the 65 seats at stake. Mr. Alfred Sant's main opposition Malta Labour Party (MLP) had taken the remainder. The

rn PN has governed the country since 1987, except from 1996 to 1998, when the Th

e MLP controlled the Parliament.

The 2008 elections were the first to be held after the country's accession to the European Union (EU) in May 2004 and the Introduction of the euro in January 2008. Some 260 candidates contested the elections. Once again, there was a duel between the PN and the MLP.

Prime Minister Gond, an advocate of pro-EU policies, highlighted the PN's past achievements, arguing that his government had created 20,000 new jobs in the past five years and had reduced the public deficit from 10 per cent of the GDP in 2004 to 1.6 per cent in 2007. He promised to lower the maximum rate of Income tax from 35 to 30 per cent.

MLP leader Sant promised to create 2,000 jobs in industry and 4,000 in new technologies to boost economic growth to over 4 per cent. He alleged corruption within the PN Government, insisting that he had concrete evidence. However, he did not reveal it, arguing that it would endanger the lives of the persons who had leaked the information.

In addition, six other parties were vying for seats in the new Parliament. They Included the Democratic Alternative (AD, a Green party) led by Mr. Harry Vassallo and the National Action (AN). The AN was founded in June 2007 by Mr. Josle Muscat, a former member of the PN. He argued that Malta could not remain the only EU Member State to have just two parties represented In Parliament. The AD leader Vassallo supported the tax cuts proposed by the PN but criticized the lack of a plan to finance the resulting shortfall. The AD proposed to meet the shortfall by increasing the tax rate of banks from 35 to 40 per cent.

93.30 per cent of some 315,000 registered voters turned out at the polls, down from 97 per cent recorded in the 2003 elections.

The PN's victory was announced more than 24 hours after the dose of the polling stations, due to Its narrow advantage of 1,580 first-count votes. The MLP won 34 seats, three more than the PN. However, since the PN took the most first-count votes, it was given four "bonus seats", making 35 seats in all. Neither the AD nor the AN won a seat.

Twelve of the 65 members (ten men and two women) were elected in two separate districts, and had to give up one of their seats. Elections to fill the 12 vacant seats were held on 17 April. In the meantime, on 12 March, Mr. Sonzils new 14-member cabinet was sworn In.

The House of Representatives held its first session on 10 May. Due to the PN's narrow majority, the Speaker Louis Galea was appointed from outside the House. He replaced Mr. Anton Tabone (PN), who himself was a member of

httn• //www her nro/narlinsr-e/renorts/2203 E.htm

6/1012010

IPU PARLINE database: MALTA (II-Kamra Tad-Deputati), Last elections Page 2 of 2

parliament.

STATISTICS

Voter turnout

Round no 1

8 March 2008

Number of registered electors

Voters

Blank or invalid ballot papers

Valid votes

Notes

Distribution of votes

315'357

294'214 (93.3%)

3 1415

290'799

Distribution of seats

Political Group

Nationalist Party (PN)

Malta Labour Party (MLP)

Round no 1

Candidates

Round no 1

Votes

143'468 49.34

141'888 48.79

Political Group Total

Nationalist Party (PN) 35

Malta Labour Party (MLP) 34

Distribution of seats according to sex

Men 63

Women 6

Percent of women 8.70%

Distribution of seats according to age

Distribution of seats according to profession

Comments

Sources: - Electoral Office (01.04.2008, 23.04.2008) - http://www.electoral.gov.mt/ - http://www.dol.gov.mt

Note on the number of women elected. Six of the 65 candidates elected were women. The four "bonus seats" went to male candidates. Among the six women, two were elected in two separate districts. The seats they vacated were filled by male candidates. The number of women thus remained at six.

Copyright 1996-2010 Inter-Parliamentary Union

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fl,g1,1211t1 (Select Committee — Re-codification and consolidation of laws)

Dr MICHAEL FRENDO, LL.D., LL.M., M.P.

Speaker of the House of Representatives

Michael Frendo was appointed Speaker of the House of Representatives on the 29 April 2010. He has been a Member of the House of Representatives of Malta since 1987 and served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2004 to 2008. As Foreign Minister he is one of the signatures to the Treaty of Lisbon.

Dr Frendo has held various ministerial offices in past Governments including as Minister for Transport, Communications and Technology (1994-1996) with responsibility for civil aviation, airports, ports, arterial road construction, science and technology, land transport, shipping, telecommunications and information technology; Minister for Youth and Arts (1992-1994), with responsibility for the Broadcasting, the Arts, Theatre, Sport and Youth; and Parliamentary Secretary (Minister of State) for Youth, Culture and Consumer Protection (1990-1992). In 1995 Michael Frendo served as President of Eurocontrol.

Born on the 29th July 1955, Michael Frendo graduated in Law from the University of Malta in 1977 (LL.D). In 1978/79 he specialised in European Community Law (LL.M) at the Centre for European Legal Studies, University of Exeter, United Kingdom.

In 2002/2003 Michael Frendo represented the Maltese National Parliament as a member of the European Convention (Convention on the Future of Europe) which formulated the text of the new Treaty on a Constitution for Europe under the chairmanship of former President of France Valery Giscard d'Estaing. Early in 2003, Michael Frendo was the first Maltese to address the European Parliament in the Maltese language.

Between June 2008 and April 2010, Michael Frendo served as Chairman of the House of Representatives Standing Committee on Foreign and European Affairs having been a member of that Committee from 1999-2003 and having previously chaired this Committee from April 2003 to July 2004.

In the period 2003/2004 Michael Frendo was also concurrently an Observer Member of the European Parliament. Michael Frendo has also served as First Vice-President of the Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) between the Maltese Parliament and the European Parliament and as Chairman of the Maltese Parliamentary Delegation to the European Parliament. He was a Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe between 1987 and 1992.

Dr Frendo has also been actively involved in the Partit Nazzjonalista (Nationalist Movement). He was the Founder/Director of the Partit Nazzjonalista United Kingdom Office in London between 1980 and 1982, and later served as the PN's Director, Press & Media, and Editorial Director at its daily and two weekly newspapers in the period 1982 and 1985.

Michael Frendo is a part time Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Law at the University of Malta and has lectured in EU Law, Telecommunications Law and Private International Law. He was Managing Partner of Gatt Frendo Tufigno Advocates between 1997 and 2003.

He has published widely including several books on European affairs: 'The Future is Europe" (2003), "Europe,The Case for Membership" (1996), "Malta in the Council of Europe" (1990), "Malta in the European Community - Commercial and Legal Considerations" (1989). He has also published extensively about legal issues relating to Information and Communications Technologies.

Michael Frendo is married to Irene nee' Brincat. They have three children - Luke (24), Sara (21) and Julia (12).

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