table 1 stomatal index of ginkgo and related plants · gsa data repository item 2009024 g.j....

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GSA Data Repository Item 2009024 G.J. Retallack Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403 Table 1 Stomatal index of Ginkgo and related plants Taxon Locality Age Cell # Sto- mate # Leaf # SI (%) SI ± Reference "Autunia" conferta Crock, Germany middle Asselian 2482 200 21 7.3 1.7 Remy 1953; Barthel & Haubold 1980, Kerp & Barthel 1993, Kerp 1990, 1996; Roscher & Schneider, 2005) Glenopteris splendens Elmo Kansas early Sakmarian 4205 265 7 6.2 1.3 Krings et al. 2005; Retallack, 2005 "Autunia" conferta Langenthal, Germany late Sakmarian 807 83 4 8.6 1.1 Kerp 1988, 1990, 1996, 2001; Roscher & Schneider, 2005 "Peltaspermum" retensorium Chekarda, Russia late Kungurian 807 83 5 9.4 1.2 Naugolnykh 1996, 1998; Naugolnykh & Kerp 1996, Markov & Naugolnykh 1998 "Callipteris" sadovnikovi Pechansk, Russia early Roadian 1244 88 5 5.9 1.1 Meyen & Migdisova 1969 Supaia contracta Wangtao, China late Roadian 870 118 3 11.5 1.2 Wang 1997 Supaia contracta Xuangan, China late Roadian 681 96 4 12.4 0.8 Wang 1997 Callipteris wangi Nanhegon, China late Roadian 867 135 2 12.2 0.8 Wang 1996 "Callipteris" aequabilis Pechora River, Russia early Wordian 1341 119 7 7.3 1.4 Meyen & Migdisova 1969 "Callipteris" sp. indet. Pechora River, Russia e. Capitanian 2210 209 6 6.4 1.7 Meyen & Migdisova 1969 "Callipteris" lepidopteroides Kosio River, Russia l.Capitanian 596 48 5 6.6 1.3 Meyen & Migdisova 1969 Lepidopteris martinsii Aldino, Italy e.Wuchaiping. 568 34 14 5.7 1.1 Kerp 1990, Poort & Kerp 1990 Lepidopteris martinsii Niederrhein, Germany m.Wuchaiping 2670 200 2 6.9 1.1 Schweitzer, 1968 Tatarina mira Mulino, Russia l.Wuchaiping. 1722 124 4 6.7 0.4 Gomankov & Meyen 1986 Tatarina olferievi Luptyug, Russia l.Wuchaiping. 579 37 3 7.2 2 Gomankov & Meyen 1986 Tatarina conspicua Luptyug, Russia l.Wuchaiping. 607 48 4 7.6 0.5 Gomankov & Meyen 1986 Tatarina sp. indet. Vokma River, Russia l.Wuchaiping. 1531 139 7 7.3 1.4 Meyen 1969; Sennikov & Golubev, 2005 Tatarina olferievi Vokma River, Russia l.Wuchaiping. 1583 133 4 7.4 1.7 Meyen 1969 "Dicroidium" nidpurensis Nidpur, India m.Changsing. 747 57 5 7.4 0.9 Bose & Srivastava 1971 "Dicroidium" papillosum Nidpur, India m.Changsing. 714 59 3 7.4 1.2 Bose & Srivastava 1971 "Dicroidium" gopadense Nidpur, India m.Changsing. 777 65 3 7.5 0.3 Bose & Srivastava 1971 Tatarina conspicua Aristovo, Russia e. Changsing. 2545 169 10 6.5 1 Gomankov & Meyen 1980, 1986; Sennikov & Golubev, 2005 Tatarina pinnnata Aristovo, Russia e. Changsing. 1387 88 6 6.2 0.9 Gomankov & Meyen 1980, 1986; Sennikov & Golubev, 2005 cf. Lepidopteris martinsii Sokovka, Russia l. Changsing. 666 31 6 5.3 1.1 Naugolnykh, 2005; Sennikov & Golubev, 2005 Tatarina antiqua Nedubrovo, Russia e. Griesbachi. 1115 56 5 4.9 0.4 Krassilov 2003;

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Page 1: Table 1 Stomatal index of Ginkgo and related plants · GSA Data Repository Item 2009024 G.J. Retallack Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403 Table

GSA Data Repository Item 2009024

G.J. Retallack Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403 Table 1 Stomatal index of Ginkgo and related plants Taxon Locality Age Cell # Sto-

mate #

Leaf #

SI (%)

SI ± Reference

"Autunia" conferta Crock, Germany middle Asselian

2482 200 21 7.3 1.7 Remy 1953; Barthel & Haubold 1980, Kerp & Barthel 1993, Kerp 1990, 1996; Roscher & Schneider, 2005)

Glenopteris splendens Elmo Kansas early Sakmarian

4205 265 7 6.2 1.3 Krings et al. 2005; Retallack, 2005

"Autunia" conferta Langenthal, Germany late Sakmarian

807 83 4 8.6 1.1 Kerp 1988, 1990, 1996, 2001; Roscher & Schneider, 2005

"Peltaspermum" retensorium Chekarda, Russia late Kungurian

807 83 5 9.4 1.2 Naugolnykh 1996, 1998; Naugolnykh & Kerp 1996, Markov & Naugolnykh 1998

"Callipteris" sadovnikovi Pechansk, Russia early Roadian 1244 88 5 5.9 1.1 Meyen & Migdisova 1969

Supaia contracta Wangtao, China late Roadian 870 118 3 11.5 1.2 Wang 1997 Supaia contracta Xuangan, China late Roadian 681 96 4 12.4 0.8 Wang 1997 Callipteris wangi Nanhegon, China late Roadian 867 135 2 12.2 0.8 Wang 1996 "Callipteris" aequabilis Pechora River, Russia early Wordian 1341 119 7 7.3 1.4 Meyen & Migdisova

1969 "Callipteris" sp. indet. Pechora River, Russia e. Capitanian 2210 209 6 6.4 1.7 Meyen & Migdisova

1969 "Callipteris" lepidopteroides Kosio River, Russia l.Capitanian 596 48 5 6.6 1.3 Meyen & Migdisova

1969 Lepidopteris martinsii Aldino, Italy e.Wuchaiping. 568 34 14 5.7 1.1 Kerp 1990, Poort &

Kerp 1990 Lepidopteris martinsii Niederrhein, Germany m.Wuchaiping 2670 200 2 6.9 1.1 Schweitzer, 1968 Tatarina mira Mulino, Russia l.Wuchaiping. 1722 124 4 6.7 0.4 Gomankov & Meyen

1986 Tatarina olferievi Luptyug, Russia l.Wuchaiping. 579 37 3 7.2 2 Gomankov & Meyen

1986 Tatarina conspicua Luptyug, Russia l.Wuchaiping. 607 48 4 7.6 0.5 Gomankov & Meyen

1986 Tatarina sp. indet. Vokma River, Russia l.Wuchaiping. 1531 139 7 7.3 1.4 Meyen 1969;

Sennikov & Golubev, 2005

Tatarina olferievi Vokma River, Russia l.Wuchaiping. 1583 133 4 7.4 1.7 Meyen 1969 "Dicroidium" nidpurensis Nidpur, India m.Changsing. 747 57 5 7.4 0.9 Bose & Srivastava

1971 "Dicroidium" papillosum Nidpur, India m.Changsing. 714 59 3 7.4 1.2 Bose & Srivastava

1971 "Dicroidium" gopadense Nidpur, India m.Changsing. 777 65 3 7.5 0.3 Bose & Srivastava

1971 Tatarina conspicua Aristovo, Russia e. Changsing. 2545 169 10 6.5 1 Gomankov & Meyen

1980, 1986; Sennikov & Golubev, 2005

Tatarina pinnnata Aristovo, Russia e. Changsing. 1387 88 6 6.2 0.9 Gomankov & Meyen 1980, 1986; Sennikov & Golubev, 2005

cf. Lepidopteris martinsii Sokovka, Russia l. Changsing. 666 31 6 5.3 1.1 Naugolnykh, 2005; Sennikov & Golubev, 2005

Tatarina antiqua Nedubrovo, Russia e. Griesbachi. 1115 56 5 4.9 0.4 Krassilov 2003;

Page 2: Table 1 Stomatal index of Ginkgo and related plants · GSA Data Repository Item 2009024 G.J. Retallack Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403 Table

Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 2

Sennikov and Golubev, 2005

Lepidopteris callipteroides Oakdale, Australia e. Griesbachi. 1748 89 11 4.9 0.8 Retallack 2002 Lepidopteris sp. indet Tubed, India e. Griesbachi. 622 32 5 4.9 0.9 Bose & Benerji 1976 Lepidopteris madagascariensis

Balmain, Australia early Anisian 676 80 5 11.1 1.4 Townrow 1966

Lepidopteris haizeri Khoseda-Khard, Russia early Ladinian 960 79 3 7.6 0.1 Dobruskina 1980 Lepidopteris haizeri Dzhenischke River, Russia late Ladinian 671 46 2 6.4 0.4 Dobruskina 1980 Lepidopteris remota Dzhenischke River, Russia late Ladinian 850 65 5 6.3 1.3 Dobruskina 1980 Lepidopteris stormbergensis Little Switzerland, S. Africa early Carnian 4477 292 28 5.9 1.2 Anderson &

Anderson 1989 "Lepidopteris" africana Little Switzerland, S. Africa early Carnian 2458 170 18 6.5 1.7 Anderson &

Anderson 1989 Ginkgo matatiensis Little Switzerland, S. Africa early Carnian 2061 163 11 6.9 0.9 Anderson &

Anderson 1989 Ginkgo telemachus Little Switzerland, S. Africa early Carnian 2067 164 7 6.6 1.1 Anderson &

Anderson 1989 Lepidopteris haizeri Ust-Uza, Russia early Carnian 782 42 3 5.9 1.5 Dobruskina 1980 Lepidopteris stormbergensis Upper Umkomaas,S.Africa early Carnian >500 ? 22 7.3 2.2 Townrow 1956, 1960 "Lepidopteris" africana Upper Umkomaas,S.Africa early Carnian >500 ? 20 6.6 2.1 Townrow 1956, 1960 Lepidopteris heterolateralis Blagoveschenka, Russia early Carnian 1842 148 9 7.1 1 Dobruskina 1980 Lepidopteris microcellularis Blagoveschenka, Russia early Carnian 1142 108 3 8.4 0.4 Dobruskina 1980 Lepidopteris stormbergensis Cacheuta, Argentina early Carnian 597 45 5 7 2.2 Baldoni 1972 "Ginkgoites" lunzensis Lunz, Austria mid. Carnian 1202 106 5 6.7 1.4 Krausel 1943 Gingko sp. indet. Neue Welt, Switzerland mid. Carnian 510 43 1 7.7 0 Krausel 1923 Lepidopteris stormbergensis Giar, India early Norian 2212 128 13 5.5 1.3 Pal 1984 cf. Lepidopteris ottonis Suiskiou, China Ear. Rhaetian 1521 112 3 7 0.3 Sze 1953 "Ginkgoites" acosmia Gradzanowo, Poland ear. Rhaetian 513 39 1 7.1 0.6 Barbacka & Wcislo-

Luraniec 2002 Lepidopteris ottonis Astarte River, Greenland ear. Rhaetian 1001 62 6 6.9 2.1 Townrow 1960,

Dobruskina 1980 "Ginkgoites" obovatus Bjuv, Sweden mid. Rhaetian 532 52 1 8.9 0 Florin 1937 Lepidopteris ottonis Bjuv, Sweden mid. Rhaetian 651 53 4 7.5 1 Dobruskina 1980;

Lindström & Erlström, 2006

"Ginkgoites" troedssoni Billesholm, Sweden late Rhaetian 1051 66 5 6 0.6 Lundblad 1959; Lindström & Erlström, 2006

"Ginkgoites" troedssoni NW Scania, Sweden late Rhaetian >500 ? 25 5.9 0.2 Beerling et al. 1998; Lindström, and Erlström, 2006

"Ginkgoites" marginata NW Scania, Sweden late Rhaetian >500 ? 25 6.5 0.4 Beerling et al. 1998; Lindström and Erlström, 2006

"Ginkgoites" acosmia Jameson Land, Greenland e. Hettangian >500 ? 18 8.5 0.6 McElwain et al. 1999 "Ginkgoites" marginata NW Scania, Sweden e. Hettangian >500 ? 25 5.7 0.3 Beerling et al. 1998;

Lindström and Erlström, 2006

"Ginkgoites" obovatus Jameson Land, Greenland m. Hettangian >500 ? 6 6.8 0.7 McElwain et al. 1999 "Ginkgoites" marginatus Komló, Hungary e. Sinemurian 501 28 1 5.4 0.2 Barbacka, 2002 "Ginkgoites" minuta Komló, Hungary e. Sinemurian 661 54 1 7.5 0.4 Barbacka, 2002 Ginkgo taeniata Bayreuth, Germany m. Hettangian 687 65 2 7.2 0.5 Collinson et al. 1998 Ginkgo ferganensis Yagnob, Uzbekistan e. Sinemurian 959 75 2 7.6 0.6 Khudaiberdyev et al.

1971 Ginkgo obrutschewi Xinjiang, China l. Sinemurian >500? ? 28 6.7 0 Chen et al. 2001 Ginkgo aganzhenense Aganzhen, China m. Pliensbach >500? ? 4 5.8 2 Xie et al., 2006 Ginkgo yimaensis Henan, China early Toarcian 760 52 13 5.6 1.9 Zhou & Zhang 1989;

Chen et al. 2001 Ginkgo huttoni Yaojie, China early Aalenian >500? ? 20 6.1 0.8 Xie et al., 2006 Ginkgo suluktensis Sulyakta, Uzbekistan early Bajocian 645 44 4 7.1 0.7 Kudaiberdyev et al.

1971

Page 3: Table 1 Stomatal index of Ginkgo and related plants · GSA Data Repository Item 2009024 G.J. Retallack Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403 Table

Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 3

Ginkgo obrutschewi Yaojie, China early Bajocian >500? ? 10 5.9 0.5 Xie et al., 2006 Ginkgo huttoni Schurab, Uzbekistan mid. Bajocian 1256 67 3 5.1 0.7 Kudaiberdyev et al.

1971 Ginkgo sibirica Schurab, Uzbekistan mid. Bajocian 1056 57 2 5.2 0.2 Kudaiberdyev et al.

1971 Ginkogo chilinense Yaojie, China mid. Bajocian >500? ? 9 5.3 0.7 Xie et al. 2006 Gingko dahlii Andoya, Norway mid. Bajocian >500? >8 >7? 5.1 0.6 Bose 1961, Manum

et al 1991, Beerling & Royer 2002

Ginkgo huttoni Scalby Ness, Britain basal Bathonian

>500 >25 25 5.8 0.3 Doludenko & Lebedev 1972; Beerling et al. 1998, Morgans, 1999; Chen et al. 2001

Ginkgo asiatica Angren, Uzbekistan e. Bathonian 509 33 3 6.2 0.7 Nosova 1998 Ginkgo huttoni Helmsdale, Scotland e.Kimmeridgi. 1110 85 4 6.7 1.1 Florin 1937, Tralau

1968 Ginkgoites cascadensis Belt, Montana, U.S.A. l.Kimmeridgi. 1500 98 5 5.8 1 Brown 1975 Ginkgo manchurica Huoshiling, China m.Tithonian 3138 251 5 7.4 0.6 Oishi 1933; Zhao et

al. 1993 Ginkgo manchurica Shahezi, China e. Berriasian 2272 123 5 5.6 0.1 Oishi 1933; Zhao et

al. 1993 Ginkgo coriacea Cape Stephen,F.Joseph L. m.Berriasian 1022 67 2 6.2 0.1 Florin, 1937; Tralau

1968 Ginkgo polaris Cape Flora, F.Joseph L. m.Berriasian 1131 87 5 6.7 0.8 Florin 1937; Tralau

1968 Ginkgo pluripartita Hannover, Germany m.Berriasian 1013 88 6 7.4 2 Florin 1937; Tralau

1968, Watson et al. 1999

Ginkgo coriacea Huolinhe, China l.Valanginian 1485 92 6 6.2 0.6 Sun 1993, Chen et al. 2001

"Ginkgoites" microphyllus Suangyashan, China l. Hauterivian 1197 82 1 6.4 0.4 Sun et al. 1991; Cao 1992;

"Ginkgoites" manchuricus Suangyashan, China l. Hauterivian 803 56 1 6.5 0.3 Sun et al. 1991; Cao 1992;

"Ginkgoites" elegans Suangyashan, China l. Hauterivian 502 33 1 6.2 0.2 Sun et al. 1991; Cao 1992;

"Ginkgoites" subadiantoides Suangyashan, China l. Hauterivian 1572 106 1 6.3 0.3 Sun et al. 1991; Cao 1992;

"Ginkgoites" dissectus Adnikan, Primorie l. Hauterivian 740 42 3 6.3 1.1 Krassilov 1972 Ginkgoites myrioneurus Quinlongshan, China e. Barremian 817 59 2 6.6 0.3 Yang 2004 "Gingkoites" australis Woolamai bore, Australia e.Barremian 1065 105 3 9 0.1 Douglas 1969;

Retallack 2007 "Gingkoites" australis Point Lydia, Australia l. Barremian 8318 843 5 9.2 0.3 Douglas 1969;

Retallack 2007 "Gingkoites" australis Trafalgar bore, Australia late

Barremian 850 78 1 8.3 0.2 Douglas 1969;

Retallack 2007 "Gingkoites" australis Eagle's Nest, Australia early Aptian 3884 223 5 5.4 0.2 Douglas 1969 "Gingkoites" ticoensis Amfiteatro de Tico, Argent. early Aptian 688 46 3 6 0.7 Archangelsky 1965 "Ginkgoites" tigrensis Estancia Bajo Tigre, Arg. early Aptian 595 38 4 6 0.6 Archangelsky 1965,

Villar de Seoane 1997

Ginkgo manchurica Xilutian, China middle Aptian 832 76 3 8 0.5 Zhao et al. 1993, Chang 2003

Ginkgo pluripartita Great Falls, Montana, USA late Aptian 2446 157 6 6.1 0.8 Brown, 1975 Ginkgo paradiantoides Zyrianka River, Siberia early Albian 537 41 3 7 0.4 Samylina 1967b Ginkgo delicata Zyrianka River, Siberia early Albian 537 41 3 8.2 1.2 Samylina 1967b Ginkgo cf. G. wintonensis Eromanga bore, Queensl. late Albian 518 40 3 7.95 0.8 Pole and Douglas,

1999 "Gingkoites" waarensis Port Campbell, Australia l.Cenomanian 940 71 3 7.2 0.3 Douglas 1969;

Retallack 2007 Ginkgo aff. G. pilifera Sim River, Siberia e. Turonian 592 27 1 5.6 0 Samylina 1967a Ginkgo pilifera Vilui River, Siberia late Turonian 1175 119 2 6.3 0.2 Golovneva et al. 2006Ginkgo pilifera Elistratova, Siberia e. Coniacian 527 37 2 6.5 0.1 Samylina 1967a Ginkgo pilifera Lindi River, Siberia e. Campanian 574 29 2 5.4 0.7 Samylina 1967a;

Page 4: Table 1 Stomatal index of Ginkgo and related plants · GSA Data Repository Item 2009024 G.J. Retallack Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403 Table

Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 4

Maslova & Golovneva 2000

Ginkgo tzagajanica Bureya River, Primorie m.Maastrichti. 1081 87 3 6.9 0.6 Samylina 1967a Ginkgo adiantoides North Dakota, USA l.Maastrichti. 552 43 2 8.1 0.7 Mösle et al. 1998 Ginkgo adiantoides Williston Basin, USA l.Maastrichti. 13950 1395 31 8.32 0.8 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo wyomingensis Wyoming, USA early Danian 563 36 2 6 0 Manum 1966 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA early Danian 2250 225 5 9.48 0.8 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA early Danian 6750 675 15 9.32 0.8 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Denver Basin, USA early Danian 3600 360 8 9.9 1.3 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo spitzbergensis Mt Basilika, Spitsbergen mid. Danian 950 65 5 9.42 0.9 Manum 1966, Royer

2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Hanna Basin, USA mid. Danian 2250 225 5 10.9 1.3 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Johnson Co., Wyoming mid. Danian 723 50 2 6.7 0.4 Collinson et al. 1998 Ginkgo adiantoides Burbank, Canada ear.Thanetian 3150 315 7 7.55 0.8 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Joffre Bridge, Canada Ear.Thanetian 2250 225 5 7.96 0.8 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA mid.Thanetian 3150 315 7 9.01 0.7 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA mid.Thanetian 2250 225 5 8.75 0.9 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA late Thanetian 2250 225 5 11 0.6 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA late Thanetian 3600 360 8 10.8 1 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA late Thanetian 3600 360 8 11.4 1.3 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA late Thanetian 5400 540 12 10.6 1.6 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo gardneri Ardtun, Britain late Thanetian 5850 585 13 7.06 0.9 Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA ear.Ypresian 4500 450 10 11.2 1.2 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA ear.Ypresian 3600 360 8 11.5 1.1 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA ear.Ypresian 3150 315 7 12.2 1.5 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA ear.Ypresian 5400 540 12 8.23 0.8 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA ear.Ypresian 2250 225 5 12.2 1.3 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA ear.Ypresian 6750 675 15 11.8 0.9 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA ear.Ypresian 3150 315 7 12.4 0.9 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA ear.Ypresian 9900 990 22 8.53 0.7 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA ear.Ypresian 3600 360 8 8.83 0.9 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA mid.Ypresian 2250 225 5 9.29 0.8 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA mid. Ypresian 4050 405 9 10.2 1.1 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo adiantoides Bighorn Basin, USA mid.Ypresian 4050 405 9 9.38 0.8 Royer et al. 2001,

Royer 2002, 2003 Ginkgo tzagajanica Noda, Japan early Lutetian 792 50 6 6 1.2 Horiuchi & Kimura

1986 "Ginkgoites" cf. adiantoides Kuzi, Japan mid. Lutetian 980 105 4 8.6 1.3 Oishi 1938 Ginkgo orientalis Krilion, Sakhalin m. Priabonian 1628 134 5 7.3 0.8 Samylina 1967 Ginkgo orientalis Tavrichanka, Primorie l. Priabonian 1341 114 3 6.7 1.3 Polyshchuk 1975 "Ginkgoites" samylinae Zagorsk, Sakhalin l. Priabonian 1639 148 6 8.1 1.1 Medyulyanov 1969 Ginkgo adiantoides Germany-Czeckia l. Burdigalian >500? ? ? 8.1 1.8 Kurschner et al 2002

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 5

Ginkgo adiantoides Juliaetta, Idaho l. Burdigalian 2100 210 14 8.14 1 Royer et al. 2001, Royer 2002, 2003

Ginkgo adiantoides Germany-Czeckia l. Burdigalian >500? ? ? 8.2 1.9 Kurschner et al 2002 Ginkgo adiantoides 49 Camp, Nevada e. Langhian 11623 945 1 7.6 1.3 Retallack 2002 Ginkgo occidentalis Zakarpatskie, Russia e. Langhian 633 48 4 6.9 0.3 Samylina 1967a Ginkgo adiantoides Germany-Czeckia mid. Langhian >500 ? ? 14.5 0.5 Kürschner et al 2002 Gingko adiantoides Vegora, Greece l. Serravallian 1201 107 5 7.8 0.7 Denk & Velitzelos

2002 Ginkgo adiantoides Klaj, Poland late Tortonian 880 93 2 8.2 1.5 Lancucka-Srodoniova

1966 Ginkgo adiantoides Stare Gliwice, Poland m. Messinian 782 91 2 9.6 0.8 Szafer 1961 Ginkgo adiantoides Klarbecken, Germany late Zanclean 1143 120 6 8.9 2.1 Florin 1937, Tralau

1968; Denk & Velitzelos 2002

References for stomatal index of Ginkgo and related plants Anderson, J.M. & Anderson, H.M. 1989 Palaeoflora of southern Africa, Molteno

Formation (Triassic) Volume 2 Gymnosperms (excluding Dicroidium): Rotterdam, A.A. Balkema, 567 p.

Archangelsky, S., 1965, Fossil Ginkgoales from the Ticó Flora, Santa Cruz Province, Argentina: British Museum of Natural History Bulletin Geology, v. 10, p. 121-137.

Baldoni, A.M., 1972, El genero Lepidopteris (Pteridosperma) en el Triasico de Argentina: Ameghiniana 9(1):1-16

Banerji, J. & Bose, M.N. 1977 Some lower Triassic plant remains from Asansol region, India. Palaeobotanist, v. 24, p. 202-210.

Barbacka, M. and Wcislo-Luraniec, E., 2002, Ginkgoites acosmia Harris from the Polish Rhaetian: Acta Palaeobotanica, v. 42, p. 7-11.

Barbacka, M., 2002, The Liassic Ginkgoales from the Mecsek Mountains, Hungary: Revue Paléobiologie, Genève, v. 21, p. 697-715.

Barthel, M. & Haubold, H., 1980, Zur Gattung Callipteris Brongniart. In R. Daber (ed.) Evolution Naturgeschichte höherer Pflanzen: Schriftenreihe für Geologische Wissenschaften Berlin, v. 16, p. 49-105.

Beerling, D.J., and Royer, D.L., 2002, Fossil plants as indicators of the Phanerozoic carbon cycle: Annual Reviews Earth and Planetary Science, v. 30, p. 527-556.

Beerling, D.J., McElwain, J.C. & Osborne, C.P., 1998, Stomatal responses of the "living fossil" Ginkgo biloba L. to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentrations: Journal of Experimental Botany, v. 49, p.1603-1607.

Bose, M.N. & Banerji, J., 1976, Some fragmentary plant remains from the Lower Triassic of Auranga Valley, district Palamau: Palaeobotanist, v. 23, p. 139-144.

Bose, M.N. 1961 Leaf cuticle and other plant microfossils from the Mesozoic rocks of Andoya, Norway: Palaeobotanist, v. 8, p. 1-7.

Bose, M.N., and Srivastava, S.C., 1971, The genus Dicroidium from the Triassic of Nidpur, Madhya Pradesh, India: Palaeobotanist, v. 19, p. 41-51.

Brown, J.T., 1975, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous ginkgophytes from Montana: Journal of Paleontology, v. 49, p. 724-730.

Cao, Z.-Y., 1992, Fossil ginkgophytes from the Chengzihe Formation in Shuangyashan-Suibin region of eastern Heilongjiang: Acta Palaeontologica Sinica, v. 31, p. 232-248.

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 6

Chang, M.-M. (ed.), 2003, The Jehol Biota: the emergence of feathered dinosaurs, beaked birds and flowering plants: Shanghai, Shanghai Scientific and Technical Publishers, 208 p.

Chen, L.-Q, Li, C.-S., Chaloner, W.G., Beerling, D.J., Sun, Q.-G., Collinson, M.E., and Mitchell, P.L., 2001, Assessing the potential for the stomatal characters of extant and fossil Ginkgo leaves to signal atmospheric CO2 change: American Journal of Botany, v. 88, p. 1309-1315.

Collinson, M.E., Mösle, B., Finch, P., Scott, A.C. & Wilson, R., 1998, The preservation of plant cuticle in the fossil record: a chemical and microscopical investigation: Ancient biomolecules, v. 2, p. 251-265.

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List of geological age data for paleosol localities in Utah and nearby states Axhandle Canyon, UT: 49.037 Ma chron at 415 m, 49.714 Ma chron at 400 m, 50.778

Ma chron at 379 m, 50.946 Ma chron at 362 m, 51.047 Ma chron at 358 m, 51.743 Ma chron at 353 m, 52.346 Ma chron at 342 m, 52.663 Ma chron at 338 m, 52.757 Ma chron at 326 m, 52.663 Ma chron at 52.801, 55.904 Ma chron at 238 m, 56.391 Ma chron at 200m, 57.554 Ma chron at 190 m, 57.911 Ma chron at 185 m (Talling et al., 1994; Cande and Kent, 1995)

Bernal, NM: Bernal Formation: 251.4 Ma chron above sandstones at Montezuma Gap correlated with 48.8 m, 254.1 Ma lower bound of reversal below silty interval at Montezuma Gap correlated with 44.8 Ma; Anton Chico Member, Moenkopi Formation: 242.6 Ma magnetic chron above base of sandstone at Montezuma Gap correlated with 54.5 m, 241.6 Ma chron below basal Santa Rosa Formation correlated to 98.5 m within range of early Anisian Eocyclotosaurus; 7138 feet of section above 132 m top to local Santa Rosa Formation (Muehlberger et al., 1960; Baltz and Bachmann, 1956; Morales, 1993; Molina Garcia et al., 1996)

Black Dragon Creek. UT: Dragon fauna locality 2 to east; 60.75 Ma chron at 4 m, 60.21 Ma chron at 16 m: Wagonroad locality 2 to west: 64.29 Ma chron at 7 m, 63.54 Ma crhon at 18.6 m, 63.03 Ma chron at 21 m, 60.75 Ma chron at 34.5 m, 60.21 Ma crhon at 61.5 m (Tomida and Butler, 1980; Cande and Kent, 1995; Cross and Yi, 1997)

Bonanza, UT: 46.2 Ma chron at 207 m, 43.8 Ma chron at 423 m, 42.5 Ma chron at 572 m, 41.3 Ma chron at 635 m (Prothero, 1996)

Cannonville, UT: 167.2 Ma marine tongue at 1.74 m, 166.2 Ma marine tongue at 23.47 m (Evans, 1996; Kowallis et al., 2001)

Castle Dale UT: Mussentuchit Member, Cedar Mountain Formation, 0 m correlated with 106.2 Ma top of Ruby Ranch Member at Little Cedar Mountasin, 24 m correlated with 92.9 Ma basal Dakota Formation at Henrieville (Bohor et al., 1991; Kirkland et al., 1999)

Cedar Canyon, UT: mid-Turonian fauna ca 91 Ma at 6 m, euhedral biotite ash 86.72 Ma at 286 m (Eaton et al., 1999a, 1999b)

Christianburg, UT: basal Cedar Mountain correlated with 125 Ma early Aptian, Cedar Mountain/San Pitch Formation contact at 134 m correlated with 106.4 Ma middle-late Albian, San Pete/San Pitch Formation contact at 328 m correlated with 99.6 Ma Albian-Cenomanian boundary (Sprinkel et al., 1999)

Cisco, UT: top Tidwell Member Morrison Formation at 22.3 m correlated to 154.3 Ma, red clay-change paleosol at 115.8 m correlated with basal Tithonian at 150.8 Ma (Turner and Peterson, 1999); basal Yellow Cat Member at 0 m correlated with 136.4 basal Hauterivian, basal Poison Strip Member at 21 m correlated with 123 Ma earliest Aptian Poison Strip Sandstone at Little Cedar Mountain (Kirkland et al., 1998).

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Como Bluff, WY: clay change red paleosol at 39.99 m correlated with earliest Tithonian 150.8 Ma, Breakfast Bench deep-calcic gray paleosol at 72.9 m correlated with 145.5 Ma Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary; 156.3±2 Ma on zircon (by Trujillo et al., 2006) discounted because associated with other detrital ages and at Ninemile Hill near Medicine Bow, distant from Como Bluff (Lillegraven, 1993, Steidtmann, 1993; Bakker, 1998; Turner and Peterson, 1999; Cifelli and Gordon, 2005)

Crawford Draw, UT: 216.7 Ma magnetic reversal at 27 m, 216.2 Ma magnetic reversal at 42 m, 215.5 Ma magnetic reversal at 48 m, 213.4 Ma magnetic reversal at 79 m, 212.6 Ma magnetic reversal at 83 m, 212.4 Ma magnetic reversal at 86 m (Reeve, 1975; Gradstein et al., 2004).

Dalton Wells, UT: base of Yellow Cat Member at 3.8 m correlated with 136.4 Ma basal Hauterivian, basal Poison Strip Sandstone at 14.4 m correlated with basal Aptian at 125 Ma (Bakker, 1998; Kirkland et al., 1999; Turner and Peterson, 1999)

Dinosaur National Monument, UT: 143 m in composite section used for Fruita (Retallack, 1997; Turner and Peterson, 1999)

Fruita, CO: 154.8 Ma ash at 2.7 m, 154.8 Ma ash at 3.0 m, 150.2 Ma ash at 105.5 m, 150.3 Ma ash at 108.2 m, Riggs Hill Brachiosaurus quarry at 110.9 m, Dinosaur Hill Apatosaurus quarry at 118.9 m, Mygatt-Moore quarry at 129.0 m, 147.8 Ma ash at 135.3 m, 149.3 Ma ash at 143.0 m, 149.4 Ma ash at 146.3 m, 149.0 Ma ash at 157.6 m, 148.1 Ma ash at 181.3 m (Turner and Peterson, 1999)

Gunlock, UT: Kayenta Formation and Navajo Sandstone: 179.2 Ma reversal at 15 m, 178.6 Ma reversal at 97 m, 177.6 Ma reversal at 209 m, 176.2 Ma reversal at 281 m, 174.7 Ma reversal at 702 m, 173.5 revsersal at 762 m, 173.4 Ma reversal at 806 m, 172.1 Ma reversal at 941 m (Johnson, 1976; Gradstein et al., 2004): Temple Cap Formation; 170.0 Ma ash at 22.4 Ma, 169.5 Ma ash at 25.1 m: Carmel Formation; 169.3 Ma ash at 50 m, 167.8 Ma ash at 82 m, 168.0 m ash at 100 m, 167.2 Ma ash at 227 m, 166.2 Ma ash at 263 m (Kowallis et al., 2001); Iron Springs Formation: 82 Ma bentonite at 25.5 m, 71 Ma latest Campanian at 525.4 m (Fillmore, 1989; Goldstrand et al., 1993; Eaton, 1999)

Hite, UT: Smithian Parotosaurus helgolandicus at 145 m (McKee, 1954; Lucas and Schoch, 2002); 249.3 Ma magnetic reversal at 148 m, 248.9 Ma reversal at 164 m, 248.2 Ma reversal at 177 m (Reeve, 1975; Baars, 1987; Gradstein et al., 2004).

Hog Springs, UT: 195.4 Ma magnetic reversal at 14.5 m, 194.9 Ma magnetic reversal at 15.4 m, 194.7 Ma magnetic reversal at 17.2 (Reeve, 1975; Gradstein et al., 2004).

Honaker Trail, UT: 305.6 Ma Desmoinesian-Missourian boundary at 356.4 m, 303.9 Ma Missourian-Virgilian boundary at 425 m, 299 Ma Carboniferous-Permian boundary at 495.3 m (Goldhammer et al. 1991; Stevenson, 2003; Scott, 2005)

Ivins, UT: Chinle-Moenave contact at 4.3 m correlated with Rhaetian-Norian boundary at 203.6 Ma, Kayenta-Navajo contact at 120.3 correlated with Toarcian-Aalenian boundary at 175.6 Ma (Johnson, 1976; Gradstein et al., 2004; Lucas and Tanner, 2007)

Kanab, Utah: late Sinemurian to early Pliensbachian with 191.0 Ma Chron at 14.4 m, 190.6 Ma Chron at 16.3 m (Ekstrand and Butler, 1989)

Kane Springs Canyon, UT: Moenkopi Formation; 249.3 Ma Meekoceras zone at 32 m, 247.3 Ma Columbites zone at 75 m (Blakey et al., 1993): Shinarump Formation; ca 228 Ma at 100 m, ca. 221 Ma at 174 m (Lucas et al., 1997): Kayenta

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Formation: 181.0 Ma magnetic reversal at 33m, 180.8 Ma magnetic reversal at 44 m, 180.6 Ma magnetic reversal at 48 m, 179.4 Ma magnetic reversal at 130 m, 179.1 Ma magnetic reversal at 135 m (Steiner and Helsley, 1974)

Kyune, UT: same sediment accumulation rate above Flagstaff Limestone as in nearby Axhandle Canyon (Zawiskie et al., 1982)

LaVerkin Hill, Utah: 169.95 Ma ash at 0 m, 169.92 ash at 5.97 m (Kowallis et al., 2001) Little Cedar Mountain, UT: Morrison Formation Ar/Ar ash 150.18 Ma at -80.27 m, Ar/Ar

ash 148.55 Ma at 21.93 m; basal Yellow Cat Member at 23.4 m correlated with 136.4 basal Hauterivian, lower Poison Strip Member at 50.3 m dated at 125 Ma, upper Poison Strip Sandstone at 66.8 m dated at 115 Ma, lower Ruby Ranch Member at 66.3 m dated at 113 Ma, lower Ruby Ranch Member at 129.5 m dated at 106.2 Ma (Bakker, 1998; Kirkland et al., 1999; Turner and Peterson, 1999; Burton et al., 2006)

Moab, UT: Morrison Formation red clay-change paleosol at 7.4 m correlated with 151.6 Ma Notom paleosol at 151.6 Ma at 99.6 m and purple-gray paleosol at 52.8 m correlated with 150.2 Ma Notom paleosol at 146 m, base of Yellow Cat Member at 64.9 m correlated with 136.4 Ma basal Hauterivian, Poison Strip Sandstone at 69.6 m dated at 114 Ma, lower Ruby Ranch Member at 82 m dated at 116 Ma, lower Ruby Ranch member at 83 m dated at 113 Ma, and Ruby Ranch Member at 108 m dated at 109 m, basal Mussentuchit Member at 171.9 m correlated with 106.2 Ma earliest late Albian (Bakker, 1008; Kirkland et al., 1999; Turner and Peterson, 1999; Burton et al., 2006)

Moki Dugway-Hite Permian section: end Cisuralian 270.6 Ma at 122.1 m, Permian-Carboniferous-Permian boundary 299 Ma at -448 m (Baars 1987; Stevenson 2003; Scott, 2005).

Montezuma Creek, UT: 147.6 Ma ash at -22 m from top, 147.0 Ma ash at -31 m, 147.8 Ma ash at -54 m, 149.4 Ma ash at -72 m (Kowallis et al, 1991, 1998)

North Horn Mountain, UT: 70.6 Ma Maastrichtian-Campanian boundary at 0 m, 65.5 Ma Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at 204 m (Difley and Ekdale, 1999)

Notom, UT: Morrison Formation: 154.75 Ma Ar/Ar date at 2.4 m, 149.9 Ma Ar/Ar date at 150 m; Yellow Cat Member, Cedar Mountain; 136.4 Ma basal Hauterivian base of Yellow Cat Member at 150.5 m, 125 Ma basal Aptian uppermost Yello Cat Member at 185.7 m; Mussentuchit Member and Dakota Formation: 99.6 Ma basal Cenomanian at 185.7 m, basal Turonian at 93.5 Ma at 195.8 m (Kowallis and Heaton, 1987; Kowallis et al., 1993, 1998; Turner and Peterson, 1999)

Paria, UT: uppermost Leche-e Member of Page Sandstone at 0 m correlated with 166.2 Ma upper marine band and calcareous jointed sandstone at 55.5 m with 159.9 Ma sandstone at Cannonville (Evans, 1996; Caputo, 2003)

Parleys Canyon, UT: Mahogany and Gartra Members Ankareh Formation; 247.3 Ma Columbites zone at 0 m, 230.2 Ma magnetic reversal at 394 m, 230.0 Ma magnetic reversal at 397 m; Stanamaker Members Ankareh Formation; 215.3 Ma chron at 47 m, 213.7 Ma chron at 54 m, 209.5 Ma chron at 70 m, 208.6 Ma chron at 76 m, 207.3 Ma chron at 81 m, 206.8 Ma chron at 90 m, 206.5 Ma chron at 96 m, 205.2 Ma chron at 103 m, 204.3 Ma chron at 136 m, 203.8 Ma chron at 139 m (Croes, 1978; Gradstein et al., 2004)

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Salina, UT: 99.6 Ma Albian-Cenomanian boundary at 299m, 104 Ma middle-late Albian boundary at 210 m (Sprinkel et al., 1999; Gradstein et al., 2004).

Salt Creek Canyon, CO: 246.5 Ma magnetic reversal at 56 m, 245.5 Ma magnetic reversal at 74 m, 245.2 Ma magnetic reversal at 96 m, 244.3 Ma magnetic reversal at 101 m, 243.9 Ma magnetic reversal at 105 m, 243.0 Ma magnetic reversal at 116 m, 242.9 Ma magnetic reversal at 123 m, 242.8 Ma magnetic reversal at 138 m, 241.7 Ma magnetic reversal at 187 m, 241.3 Ma magnetic reversal at 211 m, 240.8 Ma magnetic reversal at 218 m (Helsley and Steiner, 1974; Chenoweth, 1987)

Snake Canyon, UT: Halgaito-Cedar Mesa contact at 0 m taken as 291.8 Ma and upper Cedar Mesa Formation at 276.9 M taken as 270.6 Ma both as at Moki Dugway (Huntoon et al., 2002)

South Salt Wash, UT: 161.9 Ma magnetic reversal at 33 m, 161.6 Ma magnetic reversal at 37 m, 160.9 Ma at 52 m, 160.8 Ma magnetic reversal at 54 m, 160.6 Ma magnetic reversal at 60 m, 160.5 Ma magnetic reversal at 63 m, 160.4 Ma magnetic reversal at 65 m, 160.2 Ma magnetic reversal at 67 m (Steiner, 1978; Gradstein et al., 2004)

The Blues, Utah: 75.96 Ma ash at 90 m, 75.05 Ma ash at 420 m, 75.02 Ma at 495 m, 74.21 Ma ash at 799 m (Eaton, 1987; Roberts et al., 2005)

Thistle, UT: 167.2 Ma marine incursion at 52 m, 166.2 Ma marine incursion at 122 m (Everett et al., 1990; Kowallis et al., 2001)

Upheaval Dome, Utah: basal Shimarump Formation correlated with 228.0 Ma basal Carnian, basal Mossback Formation correlated with 216.5 Ma basal Norian at 69.8 m (Mattox, 1975; Lucas et al., 1997)

Valley of Fire State Park, NV: 96.6 Ma ash at 31.3 m; 93.4 Ma ash at 169.4 m (Bohannon, 1983; Carpenter and Carpenter, 1983)

Wales Canyon, UT: 73.1 Ma chron at 96 m, 72.4 Ma chron at 130 m, 70.7 Ma chron at 235 m, 70.4 Ma chron at 263 m, 70.1 Ma chron at 296 m (Talling et al., 1994)

Wales, UT: 99.6 Ma Albian-Cenomanian boundary at 51 m, 104 Ma middle-late Albian at 0 m (Sprinkel et al., 1999)

References to geological age information Baars, D.L., 1987, Late Paleozoic-Mesozoic stratigraphy, Hite region, Utah, in Beus,

S.S., (ed.), Centennial Field Guide, Rocky Mountain Section: Boulder, Geological Society of America, v. 2, p. 281-186.

Bakker, R.T., 1998, Dinosaur mid-life crisis: the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in Wyoming and Colorado, in Lucas, S.G., and Estep, J.W., eds., Lower and middle Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems. Bulletin New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, v. 14, p. 67-77.

Baltz, , E.H., and Bachmann, G.O., 1956, Notes on the geology of southeastern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, New Mexico: New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, v. 7, p. 96-108.

Blakey, R.C., Basham, E.L., and Cook, M.J., 1993, Early and Middle Triassic paleogeography of the Colorado Plateau and vicinity, in Morales, M., ed., Aspects

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of Mesozoic geology and paleontology of the Colorado Plateau: Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, v. 59, p. 13-26.

Bohannon, R.G., 1983, Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonic development of the Muddy, North Muddy, and northern Black Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, in Miller, D.M., Todd, V. R., and Howard, K. A. , eds., Tectonic and stratigraphic studies in the eastern Great Basin. Memoir Geological Society of America, v. 157, p. 125-148.

Bohor, B.F., Dalrymple, G.B., Triplehorn, D., and Kirschbaum. M., 1991, Argon/argon dating of tonsteins from the Dakota Formation, Utah: Geological Society of America Abstracts, v. 23, p. 85.

Burton, D., Greenhalgh, B.W., Britt, B.B., Kowallis, B.J., Elliott, W.S., and Barrick,R., 2006, New radiometric dates from the Cedar Mountain Formation Utah and the Cloverly Formation, Wyoming: implications for contained dinosaur faunas: Geological Society of America Abstracts, v. 38(7), p. 52.

Cande, S.C., and Kent, D.V., 1995, Revised calibration of the geomagnetic polarity timescale for the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, p. 6093-6095.

Caputo, M.V., 2003, Geology of the Paria Canyon-Vermillion Cliffs wilderness, Utah and Arizona, in Sprinkel, D.A., Chudsey, T.C., and Anderson, P.B., eds., Geology of Utah Parks and Monuments: Utah Geological Association Publication, v. 28, p. 535-561.

Carpenter, D.G., and Carpenter, J.A., 1987, New K-Ar ages from the Baseline Sandstone (Cenomanian), north Muddy Mountains, Clark County, Nevada: Isochron West, v. 49, p. 3-4.

Chenoweth, W.L., 1987, Paradox Valley, Colorado: a collapsed salt anticline. In Beus, S.S., ed., Centennial Field Guide, Rocky Mountain Section: Geological Society of America, v. 2, p. 339-342.

Cifelli, R., and Gordon, C., 2005, First Neocomian (earliest Cretaceous) mammals from North America: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 25(Suppl.), p. 45A.

Croes, M.C., 1978, Magnetostratigraphy of the Ankareh and Chinle Formations: Unpublished MSc thesis, University of Utah, 226 p..

Cross, A.T., and Yi, M.S., 1997, Palynology and a review of vertebrate faunas of the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene North Horn Formation, Price Canyon, Wasatch Plateau, and environs, Utah, USA, in Wolberg, D.L., Stump, E., and Rosenberg, G.D., Dinofest II: Philadelphia, Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, p. 417-455.

Difley, R., and Ekdale, A.A., 1999, Biostratigraphic aspects of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T boundary interval at North Horn Mountain, Emery County, Utah, in Gillette, D.D., Vertebrate paleontology in Utah: Miscellaneous Publication Utah Geological Survey, v. 1999-1, p. 389-398

Eaton, J.G., 1987, Stratigraphy, depositional environments, and age of the Cretaceous mammal-bearing rocks in Utah, and systematics of the Multituberculata: Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, 308 p.

Eaton, J.G., 1999, Vertebrate paleontology of the Iron Springs Formation, Upper Cretaceous, southwestern Utah, in Gillette, D.D., ed., Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication, v. 1999-1, p. 839-843.

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Eaton, J.G., Diem, S., Archibald, J.D., Schierup, C., and Munk, H., 1999a, Vertebrate paleontology of the Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Markugunt Plateau, southwestern Utah, in Gillette, D.D., ed., Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication, v. 1999-1, p. 323-334.

Eaton, J.G., Maldonaldo, F., and MacIntosh, W.C., 1999b, New radiometric dates from the Upper Cretaceous rocks of the Markagunt Plateau, southwestern Utah, and their bearing on subsidence histories: Geological Society of America Abstracts, v. 31 (4), p. 11.

Ekstrand, E.J., and Butler, R.F., 1989, Paleomagnetism of the Moenave Formation: implications for the Mesozoic North American apparent polar wander path. Geology, v. 17, p. 245-248.

Evans, J.R., 1996, Synopsis of the Page Sandstone, in M. Morales (ed.), Guidebook for geological excursion of the continental Jurassic Symposium: Museum of Northern Arizona, Flagstaff, p. 41-48.

Everett, B.H., Kowallis, B.J., Christiansen, E.H., and Deino, A., 1990, Correlation of Jurassic sediments of the Carmel and Twin Creek Formations of southern Utah using bentonite characteristics: Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Open-file Report, v. 169, 60 p.

Fillmore, R.P., 1989, Sedimentology and provenance of the Upper Cretaceous Iron Springs Formation, southwest Utah: Unpublished MSc thesis, Northern Arizona University, 262 p.

Goldhammer, R.K., Oswald, E.J., and Dunn, P.A., 1991, Hierarchy of stratigraphic forcing: example from Middle Pennsylvanian shelf carbonates of the Paradox Basin, in Franseen, E.K., Watney, W.L., Kenadll, C.G.St.C., and Ross, W. (eds.), Sedimentary modeling: computer simulations and methods for improved parameter definition. Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 233, p. 361-413.

Goldstrand, P.M., Trexler, J.H., Kowallis, B.J., and Eaton, J.G., 1993, Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary tectonostratigraphy of southwestern Utah, in M. Morales (ed.), Aspects of Mesozoic geology and paleontology of the Colorado Plateau. Museum of Northern Arizona Bulletin, v. 59, p. 181-188.

Gradstein, F.M., Ogg, J.G., and Smith, A.G., 2004, The geologic time scale. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Helsley, C.E. and Steiner, M.B., 1974, Paleomagnetism of the Lower Triassic Moenkopi Formation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 85, p. 457-464.

Hintze, L.F., 1988, Geologic history of Utah: Provo, Brigham Young University Geology Studies Special Publication 7, 202 p.

Huntoon, J.E., Dubiel, R.F., Stanesco, J.D., Mickelson, D.L., and Condon, S.M., 2002, Permian-Triassic depositional systems, paleogeography, paleoclimate, and hydorcarbon resources in Canyonlands and Monument Valley, Utah: Geological Society of America Field Guide 3, 26 p

Johnson, A.H., 1976, Palaeomagnetism of the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone from southwestern Utah: Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. 44, p. 161-175.

Kirkland, J.I., Britt, B.B., Whittle, C.H., Madsen, S.K., and Burge, D.L., 1998, A small coelurosaurian theropod from the Yellow Cat Member of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Lower Cretaceous, Barremian) of eastern Utah, in Lucas, S.G.,

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Kirkland, J.I., and Estep, J.W., eds., Lower and middle Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v. 14, p. 239-248.

Kirkland, J.I., Cifelli, R.L., Britt, B.R., Burge, D.L., DeCourten, F.L., Eaton, J.G., and Parrish, J.M., 1999, Distribution of vertebrate faunas in the Cedar Mountain Formation, east central Utah, in Gillette, D.D., ed., Vertebrate paleontology in Utah. Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication, v. 1999-1, p. 201-217.

Kowallis, B.J., and Heaton, J.S., 1987, Fission track dating of bentonites and bentonitic mudstones from the Morrison Formation in central Utah: Geology, v. 15, p. 1138-1142.

Kowallis, B.J., Christiansen, E.H. Everett, B.H., and Deino, A.L., 1992, The Middle Jurassic time scale: single crystal 40Ar/39Ar laser-probe ages from altered volcanic ashes in the Carmel Formation., SE Utah, in Odin, G.S., ed., Phanerozoic time scale: Bulletin Liaison IUGS Subcommittee on Geochronology, p. 10.

Kowallis, B.J., Christiansen, E.H., and Deino. A.L., 1991, Age of the Brushy Creek Member of the Morrison Formation, Colorado Plateau, western USA: Cretaceous Research, v. 12, p. 483-493.

Kowallis, B.J., Christiansen, E.H., Deino, A.H., Peterson, F., Turner, C.E., Kunk, M.J., and Obradovich, J.D., 1998, The age of the Morrison Formation: Modern Geology, v. 22, p. 235-260.

Kowallis, B.J., Christiansen, E.H., Deino, A.H., Zhang, C.-G., and Everett, B.H., 2001, The record of middle Jurassic volcanism in the Carmel and Temple Cap Formations of southwestern Utah: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 113, p. 373-387.

Kowallis, B.J., Christiansen, E.H., Tingey, D.G., Deino, A.L., Peterson, F., and Turner, C.E., 1993, Volcanic ash layers in the Tidwell Member of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation: minimum age of the J-5 unconformity on the Colorado Plateau: Geological Society of America Abstracts, v. 25(6), p. 471-473.

Lawrence, J.C., 1965, Stratigraphy of the Dakota and Tropic Formations of Cretaceous age in southern Utah: Guidebook to the Geology of Utah, v. 19, p. 71-79.

Lillegraven, J.A., 1993, Correlation of Paleogene strata across Wyoming - a users guide, in Snoke, A.W., Steidtmann, J.R., and Roberts, S.M., eds, Geology of Wyoming. Geological Survey of Wyoming Memoir, v. 5, p. 414-477.

Lucas, S.G., and Schoch, R.R., 2002, Triassic temnospondyl biostratigraphy, biochronology and correlation of the German Buntsandstein and North American Moenkopi Formation: Lethaia, v. 35, p. 97-106.

Lucas, S.G., and Tanner, L.H., 2007, Tetrapod biostratigraphy and biochronology of the Triassic-Jurassic transition on the southern Colorado Plateau: Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology, v. 444, p. 242-256.

Lucas, S.G., Heckert, A.B., Estep, J.W., and Anderson, O., 1997, Stratigraphy of the Upper Triassic Chinle Group, Four Corners region, in Anderson, O.J., Kues, B., and Lucas, S.G., eds., Mesozoic Geology and Paleontology of the Four Corners region, New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, p. 81-108.

Mattox, R.B., 1975, Upheaval Dome, a possible salt dome in the Paradox Basin, Utah, in Fassett, J.E., and Wengerd, S.A., eds., Canyonlands County: Four Corners Geological Society Guidebook 8th Field Conference, p. 225-234.

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McKee, E.D., 1954, Stratigraphy and history of the Moenkopi Formation of Triassic age: Geological Society of America Memoir, v. 61, 132 p.

Molina-Garza, R.S., Geissmann, J.W., Lucas, S.G., and Van der Voo, R., 1996, Palaeomagnetism and magnetostratigraphy of Triassic strata in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and Tucumcari Basin, New Mexico, USA: Geophysical Journal International, v. 124, p. 935-953.

Morales, M., 1993, Tetrapod biostratigraphy of the lower-middle Triassic Moenkopi Formation, in Lucas, S.G., and Morales, M.M., eds.,The nonmarine Triassic, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v. 3, p. 355-358.

Muehlberger, W.R., Adams, G.E., Longgood, T.E.and St. John, B.E., 1960, Stratigraphy of the Chama Quadrangle, northern Rio Arriba County, New Mexico: Guidebook New Mexico Geological Society, for 1960, p. 93-102.

Reeve, S.C., 1975, Paleomagnetic studies of sedimentary rocks of Cambrian and Triassic age: Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Texas, Dallas, 384 p.

Retallack, G.J., 1997, Dinosaurs and dirt, in Wohlberg, D.L. and Stump, E., eds, Dinofest II: Philadelphia, Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, p. 345-359.

Roberts, E.M., Deino, A.L., and Chan, M.A., 2005, 40Ar/39Ar age of the Kaiparowits Formation, southern Utah, and correlation of contemporaneous Campanian strata and vertebrate faunas along the margin of the Western Interior Basin: Cretaceous Research, v. 26, p. 307-318.

Scott, K.M, 2005, Cohesion, water vapor, and floral topography: significance for the interpretation of the depositional mechanisms of the Late Paleozoic Halgaito Formation, Cutler Group, southeastern Utah, in Lucas, S.G. and Kiegler, K.E., ed., The nonmarine Permian: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, v. 30, p. 296-299.

Sprinkel, D.A., Weiss. M.P., Fleming, R.W., and Waanders, G.C., 1999, Redefining the lower Cretaceous stratigraphy within the central Utah Foreland Basin: Utah Geological Survey Special Study, v. 97, 21 p.

Steidtmann, J.R., 1993, The Cretaceous foreland basin and its sedimentary record, in Snoke, A.W., Steidtmann, J.R., and Roberts, S.M., eds, Geology of Wyoming: Memoir Geological Survey of Wyoming, v. 5, p. 250-271.

Steiner, M.B., 1978, Magnetic polarity stratigraphy during the middle Jurassic as recorded in the Summerville and Curtis Formations: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 38, p. 331-345.

Steiner, M.B., and Helsley, C.E., 1974, Magnetic polarity sequence of upper Triassic Kayenta Formation: Geology, v. 2, p. 191-194.

Stevenson, G.M., 2003, Geology of Goosenecks State Park, Utah, in Sprinkel, D.A., Chudsey, T.C, and Anderson, P.B., eds., Geology of Utah Parks and Monuments. Utah Geological Association Publications, v. 28, p. 433-447.

Talling, P.J., Burbank, D.W., Lawton, T.F., Hobbs, R.S., and Lund, S.P., 1994, Magnetostratigraphic chronology of Cretaceous-to-Eocene thrust belt evolution, central Utah, U.S.A.: Journal of Geology, v. 102, p. 181-196.

Tomida, Y., and Butler, R.F., 1980, Dragonian mammals and Paleocene magnetic polarity stratigraphy, North Horn Formation, central Utah: American Journal of Science, v. 280, p. 787-811.

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Trujillo, K., Chamberlain, K., and Srickland, A., 2006, Oxfordian park: U/Pb ages from SHRIMP analyses for the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of southeastern Wyoming with implications for biostratigraphic correlations: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology Supplement, v. 26(3), p. 132A.

Turner, C.E., and Peterson, F., 1999, Biostratigraphy of dinosaurs in the upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of the western Interior, U.S.A., in Gillette, D.D., ed., Vertebrate paleontology in Utah: Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication, v. 1999-1, p.77-114.

Zawiskie, J., Chapman, D., and Alley, R., 1982, Depositional history of the Paleocene-Eocene Colton Formation, north-central Utah, in Nielson, D.L., ed., Overthrust belt of Utah: Utah Geological Association Publication, v. 10, p. 273-284.

Table 2. Data on Bk horizons of paleosols from Utah and nearby states.

Locality Formation Coordinates Eye-height

Local level (m)

Strat. Level (m)

Bk deep (cm)

Bk thick (cm)

Nod-ule size (cm)

Age (Ma)

burial (km)

Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 273.6 451.44 415.94 32 14 2 49.32 1.00 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 272.9 450.29 414.79 65 15 1 49.37 1.00 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 272.5 449.63 414.13 81 12 1 49.39 1.00 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 272 448.80 413.30 69 20 2 49.42 1.00 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 271.6 448.14 412.64 67 17 3 49.44 1.00 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 271.1 447.32 411.82 89 12 1 49.47 1.00 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 270.5 446.33 410.83 62 16 2 49.51 1.01 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 269.9 445.34 409.84 63 15 2 49.54 1.01 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 269.5 444.68 409.18 87 12 1 49.57 1.01 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 268.4 442.86 407.36 62 14 2 49.63 1.01 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 268 442.20 406.70 63 15 2 49.66 1.01 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 267.5 441.38 405.88 87 12 1 49.69 1.01 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 267 440.55 405.05 67 18 2 49.72 1.01 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 266.5 439.73 404.23 66 15 1 49.75 1.01 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 266.1 439.07 403.57 82 12 0.5 49.77 1.01 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 265.4 437.91 402.41 44 18 2 49.81 1.01 Axhandle Flagstaff Ls. N39.40268 W111.68204 263.1 434.12 398.62 62 25 2 49.95 1.02 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 255.2 421.08 385.58 31 18 2 50.42 1.03 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 254.5 419.93 384.43 35 20 2 50.46 1.03 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 253.8 418.77 383.27 43 28 6 50.51 1.03 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 253.4 418.11 382.61 44 30 6 50.53 1.03 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 253 417.45 381.95 72 23 10 50.55 1.03 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 252.4 416.46 380.96 47 32 5 50.59 1.03 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 252 415.80 380.30 41 32 3 50.61 1.04 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 251.6 415.14 379.64 66 21 13 50.64 1.04 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 251 414.15 378.65 33 27 8 50.67 1.04 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 250.7 413.66 378.16 32 25 7 50.69 1.04 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 250.4 413.16 377.66 61 20 15 50.71 1.04 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 250 412.50 377.00 32 34 34 50.73 1.04 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 249.8 412.17 376.67 34 31 31 50.75 1.04 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 249.5 411.68 376.18 64 21 21 50.76 1.04 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 246.8 407.22 371.72 32 18 2 50.92 1.04 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 246.1 406.07 370.57 36 23 2 50.97 1.05

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 22

Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 245.1 404.42 368.92 40 22 3 51.03 1.05 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 244.6 403.59 368.09 42 21 3 51.06 1.05 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 244.4 403.26 367.76 58 12 2 51.07 1.05 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 244 402.60 367.10 37 15 2 51.09 1.05 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 240.6 396.99 361.49 66 18 15 51.30 1.05 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 240.1 396.17 360.67 38 28 10 51.32 1.06 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 237 391.05 355.55 32 12 1.5 51.51 1.06 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 224 369.60 334.10 32 14 2 52.29 1.08 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 221.9 366.14 330.64 36 31 4 52.41 1.09 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 221.7 365.81 330.31 37 30 5 52.42 1.09 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 221.5 365.48 329.98 53 28 2 52.44 1.09 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 207.6 342.54 307.04 42 30 7 53.27 1.11 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 207.3 342.05 306.55 72 18 4 53.28 1.11 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 206.8 341.22 305.72 41 25 1 53.31 1.11 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 206.4 340.56 305.06 37 28 2 53.34 1.11 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 204.4 337.26 301.76 58 23 15 53.46 1.11 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 202 333.30 297.80 33 30 3 53.60 1.12 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 201.7 332.81 297.31 36 31 4 53.62 1.12 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 201.3 332.15 296.65 57 25 4 53.64 1.12 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 200.4 330.66 295.16 39 32 6 53.70 1.12 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 195.3 322.25 286.75 53 22 3 54.00 1.13 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 192.1 316.97 281.47 64 26 5 54.19 1.13 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 184 303.60 268.10 37 23 2 54.68 1.15 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 182.9 301.79 266.29 66 22 15 54.74 1.15 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 182.3 300.80 265.30 41 33 12 54.78 1.15 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 181.9 300.14 264.64 37 31 12 54.80 1.15 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 181.5 299.48 263.98 62 23 5 54.83 1.15 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 181 298.65 263.15 38 28 10 54.85 1.15 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 180.7 298.16 262.66 37 32 4 54.87 1.15 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 180.3 297.50 262.00 58 25 2 54.90 1.15 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 177.2 292.38 256.88 33 36 4 55.08 1.16 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 175.6 289.74 254.24 102 15 3 55.18 1.16 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 174.8 288.42 252.92 67 21 11 55.23 1.16 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 174.4 287.76 252.26 66 22 9 55.25 1.16 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 174 287.10 251.60 110 20 10 55.27 1.16 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 173.5 286.28 250.78 69 17 6 55.30 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 173 285.45 249.95 67 15 10 55.33 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 172.6 284.79 249.29 102 22 5 55.36 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 171.8 283.47 247.97 64 15 4 55.40 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 171.4 282.81 247.31 66 17 3 55.43 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 170.9 281.99 246.49 92 21 15 55.46 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 170.3 281.00 245.50 69 16 9 55.49 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 169.9 280.34 244.84 66 17 10 55.52 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 169.3 279.35 243.85 96 15 7 55.55 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 168.9 278.69 243.19 71 12 4 55.58 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 168.5 278.03 242.53 69 15 4 55.60 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 168.1 277.37 241.87 103 12 6 55.63 1.17 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 167.5 276.38 240.88 67 17 11 55.66 1.18 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 167 275.55 240.05 62 15 8 55.69 1.18 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 166.5 274.73 239.23 85 22 10 55.72 1.18 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 164 270.60 235.10 41 35 6 55.87 1.18 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 163.6 269.94 234.44 66 58 3 55.89 1.18 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 157 259.05 223.55 34 17 5 56.29 1.19 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 156.7 258.56 223.06 31 15 2 56.31 1.19 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 133.1 219.62 184.12 35 35 4 57.72 1.23 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 132.7 218.96 183.46 33 36 5 57.74 1.23 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 132.3 218.30 182.80 58 30 6 57.76 1.23

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 23

Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 132 217.80 182.30 37 33 7 57.78 1.23 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 131.7 217.31 181.81 38 35 35 57.80 1.23 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 131.5 216.98 181.48 57 31 5 57.81 1.23 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 125 206.25 170.75 56 22 8 58.20 1.25 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 124.6 205.59 170.09 37 31 4 58.22 1.25 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 79.1 130.52 95.02 62 31 31 60.94 1.32 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 78.3 129.20 93.70 37 32 4 60.99 1.32 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 78 128.70 93.20 38 34 6 61.01 1.32 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 75.8 125.07 89.57 59 31 25 61.14 1.33 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 75.3 124.25 88.75 38 29 8 61.17 1.33 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 75 123.75 88.25 35 34 2 61.19 1.33 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 74.8 123.42 87.92 57 31 2 61.20 1.33 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 73.6 121.44 85.94 37 35 35 61.27 1.33 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 73.4 121.11 85.61 36 34 34 61.28 1.33 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 73.1 120.62 85.12 57 21 10 61.30 1.33 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 72.6 119.79 84.29 41 26 26 61.33 1.33 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 72.3 119.30 83.80 42 25 25 61.35 1.33 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 68.6 113.19 77.69 35 25 25 61.57 1.34 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 68.3 112.70 77.20 32 39 39 61.59 1.34 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 68 112.20 76.70 62 30 11 61.60 1.34 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 67 110.55 75.05 41 28 15 61.66 1.34 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 66.6 109.89 74.39 42 25 18 61.69 1.34 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 66.3 109.40 73.90 59 60 60 61.71 1.34 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 65.7 108.41 72.91 36 29 29 61.74 1.34 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 65.3 107.75 72.25 37 28 28 61.77 1.34 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 64.9 107.09 71.59 58 25 2 61.79 1.34 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 64.6 106.59 71.09 37 30 7 61.81 1.34 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 64.3 106.10 70.60 35 31 6 61.83 1.35 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 64 105.60 70.10 51 36 36 61.84 1.35 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 63.6 104.94 69.44 31 37 37 61.87 1.35 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 63.3 104.45 68.95 33 40 40 61.89 1.35 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 63.1 104.12 68.62 52 37 37 61.90 1.35 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 62.5 103.13 67.63 54 31 6 61.93 1.35 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 60.2 99.33 63.83 48 36 36 62.07 1.35 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 59.7 98.51 63.01 39 31 31 62.10 1.35 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 59.3 97.85 62.35 29 37 37 62.12 1.35 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 59 97.35 61.85 28 36 36 62.14 1.35 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 58.5 96.53 61.03 36 23 6 62.17 1.35 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 56.5 93.23 57.73 35 22 0.3 62.29 1.36 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 50.2 82.83 47.33 29 21 0.3 62.67 1.37 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 32 52.80 17.30 28 16 0.4 63.75 1.40 Axhandle North Horn F. N39.40268 W111.68204 27.3 45.05 9.55 33 20 0.3 64.04 1.41

Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 61.5 101.48 101.48 55 32 2 241.54 0.58 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 61.2 100.98 100.98 38 29 2 241.55 0.59 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 60.3 99.50 99.50 37 30 2 241.58 0.59 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 59.6 98.34 98.34 38 31 2 241.61 0.59 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 59 97.35 97.35 41 32 2 241.63 0.59 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 53.2 87.78 87.78 36 18 1 241.85 0.60 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 52.9 87.29 87.29 42 21 1 241.86 0.60 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 52.5 86.63 86.63 48 23 1 241.87 0.60 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 52.1 85.97 85.97 40 22 1 241.89 0.60 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 51.8 85.47 85.47 66 33 1 241.90 0.60 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 50.9 83.99 83.99 53 27 1 241.93 0.60 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 50.1 82.67 82.67 67 32 1 241.96 0.60 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 49.4 81.51 81.51 34 26 1 241.99 0.60 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 48 79.20 79.20 34 21 1 242.04 0.61 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 47.6 78.54 78.54 36 22 1 242.06 0.61

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 24

Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 47.3 78.05 78.05 39 24 2 242.07 0.61 Bernal Anton Chico Fm. N35.39339 W105.29997 46.4 76.56 76.56 36 22 1 242.10 0.61 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 30.6 50.49 50.49 37 18 2 250.26 2.26 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 29.6 48.84 48.84 52 14 1 251.37 2.26 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 28.8 47.52 47.52 88 12 1 252.26 2.26 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 27.2 44.88 44.88 37 24 2 254.05 2.26 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 26.8 44.22 44.22 38 18 2 254.49 2.26 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 26.5 43.73 43.73 35 22 2 254.83 2.26 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 26.2 43.23 43.23 37 24 2 255.16 2.26 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 25.8 42.57 42.57 38 27 2 255.61 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 25.4 41.91 41.91 36 22 2 256.05 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 25.1 41.42 41.42 42 28 2 256.38 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 24.7 40.76 40.76 39 27 2 256.83 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 24.4 40.26 40.26 37 24 2 257.16 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 24.1 39.77 39.77 43 32 2 257.50 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 23.6 38.94 38.94 38 27 2 258.06 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 23.2 38.28 38.28 36 24 2 258.50 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 22.9 37.79 37.79 41 26 2 258.84 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 22.4 36.96 36.96 42 24 2 259.39 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 22 36.30 36.30 38 26 2 259.84 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 21.5 35.48 35.48 42 27 3 260.39 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 21 34.65 34.65 73 21 3 260.95 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 20.4 33.66 33.66 35 26 4 261.62 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 20.1 33.17 33.17 36 24 4 261.95 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 19.9 32.84 32.84 33 27 3 262.18 2.27 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 19.6 32.34 32.34 38 31 2 262.51 2.28 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 19.3 31.85 31.85 36 32 3 262.84 2.28 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 19 31.35 31.35 31 24 2 263.18 2.28 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 18.6 30.69 30.69 38 29 1 263.62 2.28 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 18.3 30.20 30.20 31 24 1 263.96 2.28 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 17.9 29.54 29.54 33 29 2 264.40 2.28 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 17.4 28.71 28.71 38 30 2 264.96 2.28 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 17 28.05 28.05 36 21 2 265.41 2.28 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 14.2 23.43 23.43 35 22 2 268.52 2.28 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 13.8 22.77 22.77 37 26 2 268.97 2.28 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 13.4 22.11 22.11 36 24 2 269.42 2.29 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 12.8 21.12 21.12 38 24 4 270.08 2.29 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 12.2 20.13 20.13 37 22 3 270.75 2.29 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 9.6 15.84 15.84 28 22 2 273.65 2.29 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 9.3 15.35 15.35 35 24 2 273.98 2.29 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 9 14.85 14.85 37 29 1 274.32 2.29 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 8.5 14.03 14.03 42 31 2 274.87 2.29 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 8 13.20 13.20 37 29 2 275.43 2.29 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 7.5 12.38 12.38 42 32 1 275.99 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 7.1 11.72 11.72 39 31 1 276.43 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 6.6 10.89 10.89 38 29 1 276.99 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 6.1 10.07 10.07 46 33 3 277.55 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 5.8 9.57 9.57 37 23 4 277.88 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 5.3 8.75 8.75 36 18 10 278.44 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 5.1 8.42 8.42 31 24 1 278.66 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 4.7 7.76 7.76 38 27 1 279.11 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 4.4 7.26 7.26 42 31 1 279.44 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 4.1 6.77 6.77 33 20 1 279.77 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 3.6 5.94 5.94 32 25 1 280.33 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 3.3 5.45 5.45 29 26 1 280.66 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 3.1 5.12 5.12 34 31 1 280.89 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 2.6 4.29 4.29 32 29 1 281.44 2.30

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 25

Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 2.3 3.80 3.80 34 32 1 281.78 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 1.8 2.97 2.97 38 36 1 282.34 2.30 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 1.1 1.82 1.82 36 33 1 283.11 2.31 Bernal Bernal Formation N35.39339 W105.29997 0.6 0.99 0.99 38 36 1 283.67 2.31

Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 45.1 74.42 68.05 39 24 1 57.87 0.95 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 44.8 73.92 67.57 38 26 2 57.89 0.95 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 44.6 73.59 67.25 39 27 1 57.90 0.95 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 44.1 72.77 66.46 42 31 1 57.94 0.95 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 43.6 71.94 65.67 46 32 1 57.98 0.95 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 42.9 70.79 64.55 39 25 1 58.03 0.95 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 42.4 69.96 63.76 36 23 1 58.06 0.95 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 42 69.30 63.12 39 24 1 58.09 0.95 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 41.2 67.98 61.85 38 22 1 58.15 0.96 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 40.8 67.32 61.22 37 21 1 58.18 0.96 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 40.4 66.66 60.58 39 25 1 58.20 0.96 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 40.1 66.17 60.10 38 24 1 58.23 0.96 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 39.7 65.51 59.47 41 32 1 58.25 0.96 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 39.1 64.52 58.52 38 21 1 58.30 0.96 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 38.8 64.02 58.04 42 33 1 58.32 0.96 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 38.4 63.36 57.40 37 24 1 58.35 0.96 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 38 62.70 56.77 46 32 2 58.38 0.96 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 29.2 48.18 42.79 42 23 1 59.00 0.97 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 28.5 47.03 41.68 37 21 1 59.05 0.98 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 28 46.20 40.88 37 28 2 59.09 0.98 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 26.8 44.22 38.98 38 27 3 59.18 0.98 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 26.4 43.56 38.34 36 24 1 59.20 0.98 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 25.9 42.74 37.55 33 24 2 59.24 0.98 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 25 41.25 36.12 42 34 1 59.30 0.98 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 24.4 40.26 35.16 39 30 1 59.35 0.98 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 23.8 39.27 34.21 37 33 1 59.39 0.98 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 23.1 38.12 33.10 38 21 1 59.44 0.98 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 22.6 37.29 32.30 36 24 1 59.48 0.98 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 21.1 34.82 29.92 41 23 4 59.58 0.99 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 20.6 33.99 29.13 42 21 3 59.62 0.99 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 20.2 33.33 28.49 47 21 2 59.65 0.99 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 19.5 32.18 27.38 52 24 2 59.70 0.99 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 18.8 31.02 26.27 48 31 1 59.75 0.99 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 18.2 30.03 25.31 55 36 1 59.79 0.99 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 17.5 28.88 24.20 46 34 2 59.84 0.99 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 16.8 27.72 23.09 47 22 1 59.89 0.99 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 16.2 26.73 22.14 45 23 1 59.93 0.99 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 15.7 25.91 21.34 42 27 1 59.97 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 14.8 24.42 19.91 45 24 5 60.03 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 14.2 23.43 18.96 42 32 1 60.08 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 13.6 22.44 18.01 45 31 1 60.12 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 12.4 20.46 16.10 47 32 3 60.21 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 11.2 18.48 14.19 45 21 2 60.29 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 34.4 56.76 42.59 61 36 1 60.30 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 10.6 17.49 13.24 47 22 2 60.33 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 10.2 16.83 12.61 49 22 1 60.36 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 9.6 15.84 11.65 52 21 2 60.41 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 33.6 55.44 41.72 63 34 1 60.41 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 9 14.85 10.70 47 33 2 60.45 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 33 54.45 41.06 55 31 1 60.48 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 8.4 13.86 9.75 46 24 1 60.49 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 8 13.20 9.11 45 27 1 60.52 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 7.4 12.21 8.16 49 24 1 60.56 1.01

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 26

Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 32.2 53.13 40.18 52 25 2 60.59 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 6.8 11.22 7.20 61 31 1 60.61 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 31.8 52.47 39.75 49 26 1 60.64 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 6 9.90 5.93 57 27 1 60.66 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 5.4 8.91 4.98 54 30 1 60.71 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 31.2 51.48 39.09 59 31 2 60.72 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 5.1 8.42 4.50 63 38 2 60.73 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 30.9 50.99 38.76 49 26 1 60.76 1.00 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 30.5 50.33 38.32 55 30 2 60.81 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 3.4 5.61 1.80 48 22 2 60.85 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 30 49.50 37.78 51 27 1 60.87 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 3 4.95 1.17 54 25 1 60.88 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18469 W111.27315 2.4 3.96 0.21 66 34 1 60.92 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 29.3 48.35 37.01 58 34 1 60.96 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 28.6 47.19 36.24 51 26 2 61.06 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 27.2 44.88 34.71 44 25 1 61.24 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 25.9 42.74 33.29 43 18 1 61.41 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 25.1 41.42 32.41 42 21 1 61.51 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 24.7 40.76 31.98 44 25 2 61.56 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 24 39.60 31.21 49 26 1 61.65 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 23.3 38.45 30.44 52 29 1 61.74 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 22.3 36.80 29.35 49 28 1 61.87 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 21.7 35.81 28.69 53 27 1 61.95 1.01 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 21.4 35.31 28.36 51 24 1 61.99 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 20.8 34.32 27.71 42 22 1 62.07 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 20.2 33.33 27.05 37 31 2 62.15 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 19.4 32.01 26.18 48 25 1 62.25 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 19.2 31.68 25.96 49 24 1 62.28 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 18.8 31.02 25.52 58 31 2 62.33 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 18.4 30.36 25.08 37 20 1 62.38 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 17.8 29.37 24.42 43 21 1 62.46 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 15.1 24.92 21.47 42 22 1 62.81 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18235 W111.29117 14.4 23.76 20.70 36 27 3 62.90 1.02 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 11.7 19.31 17.75 48 21 1 63.25 1.03 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 11.2 18.48 17.20 46 21 1 63.31 1.03 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 10.7 17.66 16.65 42 22 2 63.38 1.03 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 10.1 16.67 16.00 63 31 1 63.46 1.03 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 7.8 12.87 13.48 61 32 1 63.76 1.03 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 5.9 9.74 11.40 41 22 1 64.00 1.03 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 5.1 8.42 10.53 48 22 3 64.11 1.03 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 4.5 7.43 9.87 45 21 2 64.18 1.03 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 4 6.60 9.32 59 33 1 64.25 1.03 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 3.5 5.78 8.77 52 16 1 64.31 1.03 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 3.1 5.12 8.34 56 18 1 64.37 1.04 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 2.6 4.29 7.79 58 29 2 64.43 1.04 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 2.2 3.63 7.35 59 27 2 64.48 1.04 Black Dra. North Horn F. N39.18118 W111.23235 1.7 2.81 6.80 62 21 3 64.55 1.04 Bonanza B2 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.04619 W109.18465 259 424.16 432.44 51 28 2 43.73 0.47 Bonanza B2 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.04619 W109.18465 258.6 423.51 431.79 54 27 2 43.74 0.48 Bonanza B2 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.04619 W109.18465 258.1 422.69 430.98 62 32 2 43.75 0.48 Bonanza B2 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.04209 W109.18106 233.1 381.75 390.46 50 32 2 44.20 0.52 Bonanza B2 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.04209 W109.18106 232.5 380.77 389.48 51 31 2 44.21 0.52 Bonanza B2 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.04209 W109.18106 232 379.95 388.67 65 42 2 44.22 0.52 Bonanza B2 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.03856 W109.18086 226.8 371.43 380.24 56 35 1 44.31 0.53 Bonanza B2 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.03856 W109.18086 226.2 370.45 379.27 58 38 1 44.32 0.53 Bonanza B2 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.03856 W109.18086 225.4 369.14 377.98 65 42 1 44.33 0.53 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.02268 W109.18526 187.8 307.56 317.03 64 36 2 45.00 0.59

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 27

Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.02268 W109.18526 186.2 304.94 314.44 56 27 2 45.03 0.59 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.02268 W109.18526 185.4 303.63 313.14 62 45 2 45.05 0.59 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.02268 W109.18526 180 294.79 304.39 53 36 2 45.14 0.60 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.02268 W109.18526 179.5 293.97 303.58 61 41 2 45.15 0.60 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.02031 W109.18505 173.7 284.47 294.18 54 35 2 45.26 0.61 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.02031 W109.18505 173.4 283.98 293.69 61 42 2 45.26 0.61 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.02031 W109.18505 171.5 280.87 290.61 42 23 4 45.29 0.62 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.02031 W109.18505 167.4 274.15 283.97 54 33 3 45.37 0.62 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.02031 W109.18505 167 273.50 283.32 52 34 4 45.37 0.62 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.02031 W109.18505 166.5 272.68 282.51 61 43 2 45.38 0.62 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.001736 W109.18628 152.8 250.24 260.30 61 41 8 45.63 0.65 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.001736 W109.18628 152.2 249.26 259.33 62 44 4 45.64 0.65 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.00375 W109.17755 117.5 192.43 203.09 54 26 2 46.26 0.70 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.00375 W109.17755 117 191.61 202.28 56 27 2 46.27 0.70 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.00375 W109.17755 115 188.34 199.04 53 38 2 46.30 0.71 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.00375 W109.17755 114.5 187.52 198.23 63 24 2 46.31 0.71 Bonanza B1 Mbr., Uinta F. N40.00375 W109.17755 111.1 181.95 192.71 56 25 2 46.37 0.71 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N40.00375 W109.17755 110.6 181.13 191.90 52 22 2 46.38 0.72 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N40.00375 W109.17755 110.3 180.64 191.42 63 43 2 46.39 0.72 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N40.00158 W109.17905 103 168.68 179.59 58 27 2 46.52 0.73 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N40.00158 W109.17905 102 167.05 177.96 55 23 2 46.53 0.73 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N40.00158 W109.17905 101.5 166.23 177.15 57 22 2 46.54 0.73 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N40.00158 W109.17905 99 162.13 173.10 58 28 2 46.59 0.73 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 85.9 140.68 151.87 47 31 2 46.82 0.76 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 85.4 139.86 151.06 45 32 2 46.83 0.76 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 84.8 138.88 150.09 68 45 2 46.84 0.76 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 84.4 138.22 149.44 51 32 2 46.85 0.76 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 83.6 136.91 148.14 47 33 2 46.86 0.76 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 83.1 136.09 147.33 62 44 2 46.87 0.76 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 82.2 134.62 145.87 50 31 2 46.89 0.76 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 81.9 134.13 145.39 62 41 2 46.89 0.76 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 81.3 133.15 144.41 48 32 2 46.90 0.76 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 80.5 131.83 143.12 47 35 2 46.92 0.76 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 80 131.02 142.31 61 40 2 46.93 0.76 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.9951697 W109.17611 79.5 130.20 141.50 53 30 2 46.93 0.77 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.38577 W109.17784 35 57.32 69.37 32 21 3 47.73 0.84 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.38577 W109.17784 34.2 56.01 68.07 36 26 2 47.74 0.84 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.38577 W109.17784 31.8 52.08 64.18 37 23 2 47.78 0.84 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.38577 W109.17784 29.5 48.31 60.45 32 27 2 47.83 0.85 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.38577 W109.17784 28.9 47.33 59.48 31 22 10 47.84 0.85 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.98356 W109.1774 23.5 38.49 50.73 32 27 3 47.93 0.86 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.98356 W109.1774 23 37.67 49.92 36 28 3 47.94 0.86 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.98356 W109.1774 19.3 31.61 43.92 39 34 5 48.01 0.86 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.98356 W109.1774 18.8 30.79 43.11 37 38 4 48.02 0.86 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.98356 W109.1774 14.8 24.24 36.63 37 36 2 48.09 0.87 Bonanza A Mbr., Uinta F. N39.98356 W109.1774 12 19.65 32.09 39 37 2 48.14 0.88

Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.50834 W112.02928 67.2 106.58 162.08 34 12 3 159.82 2.83 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.50834 W112.02928 65 103.10 158.60 31 8 1 159.98 2.83 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.50834 W112.02928 64.4 102.14 157.64 32 9 1 160.03 2.83 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.50834 W112.02928 64.1 101.67 157.17 38 10 2 160.05 2.83 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.50834 W112.02928 63.3 100.40 155.90 32 7 3 160.11 2.84 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.50834 W112.02928 43.4 68.84 124.34 31 10 2 161.56 2.87 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.50790 W112.00153 29 46.00 101.50 33 9 1 162.61 2.89 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.50790 W112.00153 19.1 30.29 85.79 30 6 1 163.33 2.91 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.50790 W112.00153 18 28.55 84.05 38 11 0.5 163.41 2.91 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.50790 W112.00153 7 11.10 66.60 34 16 2 164.22 2.92 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.49468 W112.01186 26.7 42.35 42.35 27 9 3 165.33 2.89

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 28

Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.49468 W112.01186 21.3 33.78 33.78 36 8 0.6 165.73 2.90 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.49468 W112.01186 21 33.31 33.31 41 15 0.8 165.75 2.90 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.49468 W112.01186 19.4 30.77 30.77 38 13 0.9 165.86 2.91 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.49468 W112.01186 12.5 19.83 19.83 36 18 0.7 166.37 2.92 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.49468 W112.01186 11 17.45 17.45 43 21 2 166.48 2.92 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.49468 W112.01186 7.8 12.37 12.37 52 12 0.4 166.71 2.92 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.49468 W112.01186 5.5 8.72 8.72 54 10 0.3 166.88 2.93 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.49468 W112.01186 4.8 7.61 7.61 62 12 0.5 166.93 2.93 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.49468 W112.01186 2.5 3.97 3.97 48 6 4 167.10 2.93 Cannonvi. Carmel Formation N37.49468 W112.01186 1.1 1.74 1.74 45 8 0.5 167.20 2.93 Castle Da. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.20855 W110.86752 10.8 17.82 17.82 91 58 13 116.51 4.56 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.57758 W112.86539 259 656.84 656.84 54 20 1 81.04 0.96 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.57758 W112.86539 258 654.30 654.30 58 21 1 81.08 0.97 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.57731 W112.86738 249.3 632.24 632.24 61 24 1 81.42 0.99 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.57731 W112.86738 248.6 630.46 630.46 58 21 1 81.45 0.99 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.57731 W112.86738 241.5 612.46 612.46 54 18 1 81.72 1.01 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58003 W112.87205 234.5 594.70 594.70 93 26 4 81.99 1.03 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58103 W112.87905 223 565.54 565.54 68 25 1 82.44 1.06 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58103 W112.87905 222 563.00 563.00 64 24 1 82.48 1.06 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58107 W112.87862 210.6 534.09 534.09 65 21 1 82.92 1.09 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58071 W112.87983 200.7 508.99 508.99 72 21 1 83.30 1.11 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58071 W112.87983 198.4 503.15 503.15 69 32 1 83.39 1.12 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58071 W112.87983 196.2 497.57 497.57 63 24 1 83.48 1.12 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58136 W112.88149 187.5 475.51 475.51 68 13 1 83.82 1.15 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58639 W112.88341 155.8 395.12 395.12 71 18 1 85.05 1.23 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58639 W112.88341 153.3 388.78 388.78 81 22 1 85.14 1.23 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58869 W112.88194 133.3 338.06 338.06 87 33 16 85.92 1.28 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58869 W112.88194 129.5 328.42 328.42 77 16 1 86.07 1.29 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.58869 W112.88194 128.2 325.12 325.12 83 22 2 86.12 1.30 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59200 W112.88236 110.7 280.74 280.74 75 32 1 86.80 1.34 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59200 W112.88236 109.8 278.46 278.46 71 24 1 86.83 1.34 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59252 W112.88360 100.8 255.63 255.63 84 24 2 87.18 1.37 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59252 W112.88360 99.5 252.34 252.34 75 18 2 87.23 1.37 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59338 W112.88659 82.4 208.97 208.97 69 15 1 87.89 1.41 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59338 W112.88659 80.8 204.91 204.91 75 18 1 87.96 1.42 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59338 W112.88659 79.8 202.38 202.38 81 21 2 88.00 1.42 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59374 W112.88906 71 180.06 180.06 86 22 1 88.34 1.44 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59374 W112.88906 68.8 174.48 174.48 82 21 2 88.42 1.45 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59335 W112.89235 64.3 163.07 163.07 75 21 4 88.60 1.46 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59335 W112.89235 63.2 160.28 160.28 77 19 3 88.64 1.46 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59335 W112.89235 61.7 156.47 156.47 81 23 2 88.70 1.46 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59335 W112.89235 60.8 154.19 154.19 78 19 3 88.73 1.47 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59335 W112.89235 59 149.63 149.63 77 18 2 88.80 1.47 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59335 W112.89235 58.1 147.34 147.34 82 24 5 88.84 1.47 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59335 W112.89235 53.8 136.44 136.44 78 18 4 89.00 1.48 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59335 W112.89235 53.1 134.66 134.66 83 24 17 89.03 1.49 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.593060 W112.89532 44.2 112.09 112.09 85 21 1 89.38 1.51 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59256 W112.89683 38.7 98.15 98.15 82 22 1 89.59 1.52 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59183 W112.89746 22.9 58.08 58.08 76 22 3 90.20 1.56 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59183 W112.89746 21.8 55.29 55.29 44 12 1 90.25 1.57 Cedar Cy. Straight Cliffs F. N37.59037 W112.89980 5.9 14.96 14.96 56 9 1 90.86 1.61 Christianb. San Pete F. N39.16431 W111.74368 none none 350.00 75 35 1 97.53 4.65 Christianb. San Pete F. N39.16431 W111.74368 none none 348.00 79 23 1 97.69 4.65 Christianb. San Pete F. N39.16431 W111.74368 none none 347.00 80 21 1 97.77 4.65 Christianb. C M.,San Pitch F. N39.16431 W111.74368 none none 326.00 99 25 0.5 99.46 4.67 Christianb. C M.,San Pitch F. N39.16431 W111.74368 none none 298.00 81 28 2 101.71 4.70 Christianb. C M.,San Pitch F. N39.16431 W111.74368 none none 296.00 78 27 1 101.87 4.70

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 29

Christianb. B M.,San Pitch F. N39.16431 W111.74368 none none 281.00 82 25 2 103.08 4.72 Christianb. B M.,San Pitch F. N39.16390 W111.74332 none none 224.00 82 35 2 107.66 4.77 Christianb. B M.,San Pitch F. N39.16390 W111.74332 none none 218.00 82 22 1 108.14 4.78 Christianb. B M.,San Pitch F. N39.16390 W111.74332 none none 216.00 78 23 2 108.30 4.78 Christianb. B. M.,San Pitch F. N39.16364 W111.74317 none none 197.00 96 25 2 109.83 4.80 Christianb Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 145 89.62 134.00 86 25 2 104.50 4.86 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 143.4 88.64 133.01 82 30 2 114.98 4.86 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 140.5 86.84 131.22 85 38 1 115.12 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 139 85.92 130.29 84 40 2 115.19 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16328 W111.74305 190.4 117.69 129.92 75 33 2 115.22 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 137.5 84.99 129.36 82 43 1 115.27 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16328 W111.74305 189.5 117.13 129.36 85 30 2 115.27 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 136 84.06 128.44 81 41 2 115.34 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16328 W111.74305 188 116.20 128.44 82 25 2 115.34 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 134.4 83.07 127.45 75 52 3 115.42 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 133 82.21 126.58 79 42 2 115.49 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16328 W111.74305 183.5 113.42 125.66 81 27 2 115.57 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 130.5 80.66 125.04 82 20 1 115.62 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 128.5 79.43 123.80 83 32 2 115.72 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 127.2 78.62 123.00 71 30 1 115.78 4.87 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 125.5 77.57 121.95 81 34 2 115.87 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 124.7 77.08 121.45 72 31 1 115.91 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 123 76.03 120.40 82 40 3 115.99 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16328 W111.74305 174.8 108.04 120.28 86 28 2 116.00 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16328 W111.74305 173.5 107.24 119.47 82 24 1 116.06 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 120.5 74.48 118.86 78 28 1 116.11 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 120 74.17 118.55 52 43 8 116.14 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 118.4 73.18 117.56 83 30 2 116.22 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 115.5 71.39 115.77 82 43 1 116.36 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 114.2 70.59 114.96 68 31 1 116.43 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 113 69.85 114.22 78 63 1 116.49 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 110.5 68.30 112.68 67 32 1 116.61 4.88 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 110.2 68.11 112.49 78 42 1 116.63 4.89 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 107.7 66.57 110.94 68 34 1 116.75 4.89 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16349 W111.74236 106 65.52 109.89 45 20 2 116.83 4.89 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16233 W111.74198 105 64.90 109.28 44 30 2 116.88 4.89 Christianb. M. A,San Pitch F. N39.16233 W111.74198 102 63.05 107.42 49 20 2 117.03 4.89 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16233 W111.74198 101 62.43 106.80 58 40 2 117.08 4.89 Christianb. Mussentuchit M. N39.16233 W111.74198 99.3 61.38 105.75 55 35 2 117.17 4.89 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 97 59.96 104.33 54 34 2 117.28 4.89 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 95.5 59.03 103.40 69 47 3 117.36 4.89 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 94.5 58.41 102.79 55 32 4 117.41 4.89 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 90 55.63 100.00 52 35 5 117.63 4.90 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 89.2 55.13 99.51 61 38 11 117.67 4.90 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 87.5 54.08 98.46 54 40 8 117.75 4.90 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 86 53.16 97.53 52 35 10 117.83 4.90 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 84 51.92 96.30 63 48 8 117.93 4.90 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 82 50.68 95.06 48 35 5 118.03 4.90 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 80.5 49.76 94.13 62 43 1 118.10 4.90 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 79.2 48.95 93.33 52 32 1 118.17 4.90 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 78 48.21 92.59 53 31 1 118.23 4.90 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 75.5 46.67 91.04 67 42 1 118.35 4.91 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 74.1 45.80 90.18 53 31 1 118.42 4.91 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 73 45.12 89.50 52 30 1 118.47 4.91 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 71.7 44.32 88.69 68 32 1 118.54 4.91 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 70 43.27 87.64 52 31 1 118.62 4.91 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 68.5 42.34 86.72 51 34 1 118.70 4.91

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 30

Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 66.7 41.23 85.60 64 40 1 118.79 4.91 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 65.2 40.30 84.68 53 34 1 118.86 4.91 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 63.5 39.25 83.62 51 30 1 118.95 4.91 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 62.2 38.45 82.82 62 33 2 119.01 4.91 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 61 37.70 82.08 41 35 7 119.07 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 59.5 36.78 81.15 45 36 5 119.15 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 58 35.85 80.23 54 41 8 119.22 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 55.8 34.49 78.87 46 38 7 119.33 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16233 W111.74198 54 33.38 77.75 44 37 6 119.42 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 52.9 32.70 77.07 59 31 4 119.47 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 51.2 31.65 76.02 44 26 3 119.56 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 50.1 30.97 75.34 47 26 4 119.61 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 48.3 29.85 74.23 58 25 3 119.70 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 47 29.05 73.43 46 26 3 119.77 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 46.2 28.56 72.93 57 32 2 119.81 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 45.9 28.37 72.75 48 25 2 119.82 4.92 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 44.1 27.26 71.63 47 27 4 119.91 4.93 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 42.7 26.39 70.77 55 33 2 119.98 4.93 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 41.1 25.40 69.78 46 28 4 120.06 4.93 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 40 24.72 69.10 48 27 2 120.11 4.93 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 38.6 23.86 68.23 44 32 6 120.18 4.93 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 37.5 23.18 67.55 46 28 4 120.24 4.93 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 36.3 22.44 66.81 47 29 7 120.30 4.93 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 35.2 21.76 66.13 51 30 6 120.35 4.93 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 34.1 21.08 65.45 47 28 3 120.41 4.93 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 33.3 20.58 64.96 48 29 2 120.45 4.93 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 31.2 19.28 63.66 52 31 4 120.55 4.93 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 29 17.92 62.30 49 32 5 120.66 4.94 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 28 17.31 61.68 47 41 7 120.71 4.94 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 25.1 15.51 59.89 53 45 8 120.85 4.94 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 23.6 14.59 58.96 45 39 7 120.93 4.94 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 21.1 13.04 57.42 46 41 8 121.05 4.94 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 19 11.74 56.12 52 44 5 121.16 4.94 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 17.2 10.63 55.01 45 35 4 121.25 4.94 Christianb. Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.16274 W111.74170 15.8 9.77 54.14 42 34 5 121.32 4.94

Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 21 34.65 34.65 49 36 4 114.29 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 20.4 33.66 33.66 38 24 4 114.92 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 20.1 33.17 33.17 37 22 3 115.24 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 19.8 32.67 32.67 47 31 3 115.55 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 19.4 32.01 32.01 38 28 3 115.97 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 18.6 30.69 30.69 44 31 1 116.82 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 18.2 30.03 30.03 37 29 1 117.24 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 17.9 29.54 29.54 35 29 1 117.55 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 17.7 29.21 29.21 44 31 1 117.76 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 17.2 28.38 28.38 36 27 1 118.29 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 16.9 27.89 27.89 37 28 1 118.61 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 16.6 27.39 27.39 46 33 1 118.92 3.34 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 16.1 26.57 26.57 37 28 1 119.45 3.35 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 15.7 25.91 25.91 36 25 1 119.87 3.35 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 15.4 25.41 25.41 42 34 1 120.19 3.35 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 15.1 24.92 24.92 37 27 1 120.50 3.35 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 14.9 24.59 24.59 39 25 1 120.71 3.35 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 14.4 23.76 23.76 41 27 1 121.24 3.35 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 12.7 20.96 20.96 54 31 1 123.03 3.35 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 12 19.80 19.80 81 42 1 123.77 3.35 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 11.3 18.65 18.65 46 35 1 124.50 3.35 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 10.8 17.82 17.82 48 37 2 125.03 3.35

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 31

Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 10.3 17.00 17.00 54 38 2 125.56 3.36 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 9.6 15.84 15.84 47 32 1 126.29 3.36 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 8.9 14.69 14.69 51 33 2 127.03 3.36 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 8.4 13.86 13.86 42 29 2 127.56 3.36 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 8.1 13.37 13.37 46 30 3 127.87 3.36 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 7 11.55 11.55 48 31 2 129.03 3.36 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 6.2 10.23 10.23 54 33 2 129.87 3.36 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 5.5 9.08 9.08 44 24 2 130.61 3.36 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 4.9 8.09 8.09 39 27 1 131.24 3.36 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 4.4 7.26 7.26 38 22 1 131.77 3.36 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 4 6.60 6.60 42 24 2 132.19 3.37 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 3.3 5.45 5.45 37 21 1 132.93 3.37 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 2.5 4.13 4.13 38 24 1 133.77 3.37 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 2.1 3.47 3.47 41 25 1 134.19 3.37 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 1.7 2.81 2.81 38 23 1 134.61 3.37 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 1.2 1.98 1.98 42 27 2 135.14 3.37 Cisco Yellow Cat Mbr N38.93416 W109.34561 0.5 0.83 0.83 37 24 1 135.87 3.37 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 13.5 22.28 22.28 34 27 18 154.30 3.70 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 13.2 21.78 21.78 32 28 15 154.32 3.70 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 12.9 21.29 21.29 48 24 8 154.33 3.70 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 12.6 20.79 20.79 55 19 6 154.35 3.70 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 11 18.15 18.15 52 28 5 154.45 3.70 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 10.2 16.83 16.83 38 25 4 154.50 3.70 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 9.7 16.01 16.01 42 27 4 154.53 3.70 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 3.4 5.61 5.61 32 14 15 154.92 3.71 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 3 4.95 4.95 36 18 14 154.94 3.71 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 2.6 4.29 4.29 45 22 2 154.97 3.71 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 2 3.30 3.30 48 23 3 155.01 3.72 Cisco Tidwell Member N38.83433 W109.54148 0.5 0.83 0.83 54 25 4 155.10 3.72

Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 35.5 58.25 132.00 49 25 1 135.99 0.59 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 35 57.43 130.33 62 31 2 136.26 0.60 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 33.7 55.30 126.00 48 21 1 136.95 0.60 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 33.2 54.48 124.33 44 19 1 137.22 0.60 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 32.8 53.82 123.00 46 22 1 137.44 0.60 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 32.4 53.17 121.67 42 21 1 137.65 0.60 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 32 52.51 120.33 42 24 1 137.87 0.61 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 31.5 51.69 118.67 37 25 1 138.13 0.61 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 30.8 50.54 116.33 48 32 0.5 138.51 0.61 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 30.3 49.72 114.67 46 33 0.5 138.78 0.61 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 29.7 48.74 112.67 42 23 0.5 139.10 0.61 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 29.3 48.08 111.33 46 32 1 139.32 0.61 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 28.7 47.10 109.33 53 25 1 139.64 0.62 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 28.2 46.28 107.67 54 28 1 139.91 0.62 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 27.8 45.62 106.33 55 27 1 140.12 0.62 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 27.2 44.63 104.33 52 31 1 140.44 0.62 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 26.5 43.49 102.00 66 36 1 140.82 0.62 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 25.7 42.17 99.33 62 31 1 141.25 0.63 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 25 41.02 97.00 64 32 1 141.62 0.63 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 24.3 39.88 94.67 51 33 2 142.00 0.63 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 23.9 39.22 93.33 52 36 2 142.21 0.63 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 23.3 38.23 91.33 48 32 2 142.54 0.63 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 22.7 37.25 89.33 50 31 2 142.86 0.64 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90522 W105.97495 22.3 36.59 88.00 51 30 2 143.07 0.64 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90681 W105.97489 21.5 35.28 85.33 72 16 0.5 143.50 0.64 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90681 W105.97489 20.7 33.97 82.67 66 17 0.5 143.93 0.64 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90681 W105.97489 20.1 32.98 80.67 73 18 0.5 144.25 0.65 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90681 W105.97489 19.5 32.00 78.67 72 18 0.5 144.57 0.65

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 32

Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90681 W105.97489 18.7 30.69 76.00 81 22 0.5 145.00 0.65 Como Bl. Indian Fort Mbr N41.90681 W105.97489 17.8 29.21 73.00 84 25 0.5 145.49 0.65 Como Bl. Talking Rocks Mr N41.90681 W105.97489 11.8 19.36 53.00 46 38 4 148.71 0.67 Como Bl. Talking Rocks Mr N41.90681 W105.97489 11.1 18.21 50.67 54 31 2 149.08 0.68 Como Bl. Talking Rocks Mr N41.90681 W105.97489 10.7 17.56 49.33 47 33 3 149.30 0.68 Como Bl. Talking Rocks Mr N41.90681 W105.97489 10.3 16.90 48.00 45 32 3 149.51 0.68 Como Bl. Talking Rocks Mr N41.90681 W105.97489 8.8 14.44 43.00 37 42 3 150.32 0.68 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 7.5 12.31 38.67 34 45 2 151.01 0.69 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 7 11.49 37.00 62 37 2 151.28 0.69 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 6.7 10.99 36.00 52 31 2 151.44 0.69 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 6.2 10.17 34.33 58 34 1 151.71 0.69 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 5.4 8.86 31.67 42 17 1 152.14 0.69 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 5 8.20 30.33 51 24 1 152.36 0.70 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 4.5 7.38 28.67 45 37 1 152.62 0.70 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 4 6.56 27.00 46 34 1 152.89 0.70 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 3.5 5.74 25.33 44 35 1 153.16 0.70 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 2.8 4.59 23.00 47 37 1 153.54 0.70 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 2.5 4.10 22.00 48 36 1 153.70 0.70 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 1.9 3.12 20.00 58 33 1 154.02 0.71 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 1.5 2.46 18.67 57 35 1 154.23 0.71 Como Bl. Lake Como Mbr. N41.90681 W105.97489 0.8 1.31 16.33 66 52 1 154.61 0.71 Crawford Rock Point Form. N38.86754 W110.74995 52.9 87.29 57.29 49 25 6 214.73 1.65 Crawford Rock Point Form. N38.86754 W110.74995 49.8 82.17 52.17 37 31 5 215.11 1.65 Crawford Rock Point Form. N38.86754 W110.74995 49.4 81.51 51.51 39 35 4 215.16 1.65 Crawford Rock Point Form. N38.86754 W110.74995 49 80.85 50.85 51 39 3 215.21 1.66 Crawford Rock Point Form. N38.86754 W110.74995 48.4 79.86 49.86 45 41 5 215.29 1.66 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 18.9 31.19 1.19 73 22 1 215.37 1.71 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 47.1 77.72 47.72 77 21 1 215.45 1.66 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 46.5 76.73 46.73 73 25 2 215.52 1.66 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 45.9 75.74 45.74 84 15 0.7 215.59 1.66 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 45.3 74.75 44.75 81 16 1 215.67 1.66 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 43.8 72.27 42.27 71 23 2 215.85 1.66 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 43.7 72.11 42.11 73 21 1 215.87 1.66 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 43.4 71.61 41.61 79 21 0.6 215.90 1.66 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 43 70.95 40.95 81 16 0.8 215.95 1.67 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 42.5 70.13 40.13 77 19 1 216.01 1.67 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 42.2 69.63 39.63 66 32 0.7 216.05 1.67 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 41.6 68.64 38.64 75 13 0.8 216.13 1.67 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 41 67.65 37.65 87 15 1 216.20 1.67 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 38 62.70 32.70 75 19 3 216.57 1.67 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 37 61.05 31.05 67 19 2 216.69 1.68 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 36.5 60.23 30.23 72 14 3 216.76 1.68 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 36 59.40 29.40 63 32 1 216.82 1.68 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 35.4 58.41 28.41 81 13 3 216.89 1.68 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 33.9 55.94 25.94 77 18 1 217.08 1.68 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 33.4 55.11 25.11 82 15 1.2 217.14 1.68 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 32.1 52.97 22.97 87 17 1 217.30 1.68 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 31.6 52.14 22.14 89 25 4 217.36 1.68 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 30.2 49.83 19.83 84 19 2 217.53 1.69 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 29.3 48.35 18.35 85 20 1 217.65 1.69 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 28.6 47.19 17.19 77 18 2 217.73 1.69 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 26.4 43.56 13.56 73 22 1 218.00 1.69 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 25.9 42.74 12.74 91 18 0.4 218.07 1.69 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 24.9 41.09 11.09 86 30 0.5 218.19 1.70 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 22.2 36.63 6.63 85 35 1 218.52 1.70 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 21 34.65 4.65 71 20 1 218.67 1.70 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 20.4 33.66 3.66 66 23 3 218.75 1.70

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 33

Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 19.9 32.84 2.83 72 25 2 218.81 1.70 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 17.8 29.37 -0.63 62 15 2 219.07 1.71 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 17.3 28.55 -1.46 55 18 1 219.13 1.71 Crawford Church Rock Fm. N38.86754 W110.74995 16.4 27.06 -2.94 52 28 3 219.24 1.71 Crawford Mossback Form. N38.86754 W110.74995 14.9 24.59 -5.42 115 25 2 219.43 1.71 Crawford Mossback Form. N38.86754 W110.74995 8.5 14.03 -15.98 110 12 0.8 220.22 1.72 Crawford Mossback Form. N38.86754 W110.74995 7.6 12.54 -17.46 125 13 1.1 220.33 1.72 Crawford Mossback Form. N38.86754 W110.74995 6.8 11.22 -18.78 120 14 0.9 220.43 1.73 Crawford Mossback Form. N38.86754 W110.74995 5 8.25 -21.75 130 15 0.8 220.65 1.73 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 6 9.90 13.00 45 20 8 126.34 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 5.4 8.91 12.31 32 12 4 127.31 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 5.4 8.91 12.01 33 15 6 127.72 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 5.2 8.58 11.98 30 26 4 127.77 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 4.9 8.09 11.48 31 21 18 128.46 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 4.9 8.09 11.19 41 8 5 128.87 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 4.7 7.76 11.15 44 20 9 128.92 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 4.6 7.59 10.69 36 9 3 129.56 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 4.4 7.26 10.66 38 26 12 129.61 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 4.2 6.93 10.33 61 32 30 130.07 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 4.3 7.10 10.20 37 10 4 130.25 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 3.6 5.94 9.34 35 14 12 131.45 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 3.3 5.45 8.84 55 15 15 132.14 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 2.9 4.79 8.18 36 12 9 133.06 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 2.9 4.79 7.89 36 15 5 133.47 0.68 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 2.6 4.29 7.69 58 16 12 133.75 0.69 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 2.6 4.29 7.39 25 9 6 134.16 0.69 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 2.3 3.80 6.90 38 18 4 134.85 0.69 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 2 3.30 6.70 45 18 17 135.13 0.69 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 1.9 3.14 6.24 39 20 15 135.77 0.69 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 1.6 2.64 6.04 31 15 12 136.05 0.69 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 1.6 2.64 5.74 26 31 31 136.46 0.69 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.72172 W109.71510 1.3 2.15 5.54 37 21 21 136.74 0.69 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 1.2 1.98 5.08 36 33 33 137.38 0.69 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 0.9 1.49 4.59 24 21 15 138.07 0.69 Dalton W. Yellow Cat Mbr N38.71892 W109.69187 0.6 0.99 4.09 35 9 4 138.76 0.69 Dalton W. Morrison Form. N38.72081 W109.69356 1 1.65 1.65 31 15 8 142.16 0.69 Dalton W. Morrison Form. N38.72081 W109.69356 0.5 0.83 0.83 65 22 1 143.31 0.69 Dinosaur Brushy Basin Mbr National Park Visitot Cter none none 142.30 90 27 5 149.16 4.03

Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 23 37.95 155.42 47 15 2 148.59 4.03 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 20.8 34.32 151.79 48 26 2 148.73 4.03 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 13.6 22.44 151.49 49 31 4 148.75 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 13.3 21.95 151.00 48 30 2 148.77 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 20 33.00 150.47 47 25 3 148.79 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 19.6 32.34 149.81 38 31 3 148.81 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 19.3 31.85 149.31 47 28 3 148.83 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 19.1 31.52 148.98 37 32 2 148.84 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 18.9 31.19 148.65 38 30 2 148.86 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 18.6 30.69 148.16 60 12 3 148.88 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 17.5 28.88 146.34 46 29 5 148.95 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 17 28.05 145.52 44 30 2 148.98 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 17 28.05 145.52 44 20 6 148.98 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 15.9 26.24 143.70 47 19 5 149.05 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 15.5 25.58 143.04 44 21 15 149.08 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 15.4 25.41 142.88 54 26 3 149.08 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 15.1 24.92 142.38 58 25 3 149.10 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 14.7 24.26 141.72 46 27 5 149.13 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 7 11.55 140.60 62 23 1 149.17 4.06

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 34

Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 14 23.10 140.57 48 29 3 149.18 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 6.5 10.73 139.78 46 33 1 149.21 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 6.2 10.23 139.28 47 34 1 149.23 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 12.4 20.46 137.93 45 30 2 149.28 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 5.3 8.75 137.80 46 33 1 149.28 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 5 8.25 137.30 45 34 1 149.30 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 11.8 19.47 136.94 84 20 65 149.32 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 10.7 17.66 135.12 46 29 5 149.39 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 14.4 23.76 134.64 77 15 8 149.41 4.04 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 10.4 17.16 134.63 45 30 4 149.41 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 13.8 22.77 133.65 85 12 7 149.45 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 9.6 15.84 133.31 58 20 3 149.46 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 13.4 22.11 132.99 35 28 5 149.47 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 9.4 15.51 132.98 44 29 1 149.47 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 13.2 21.78 132.66 36 30 1 149.49 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 9.2 15.18 132.65 46 28 2 149.49 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 12.9 21.29 132.17 74 15 6 149.51 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 1.8 2.97 132.02 50 35 10 149.51 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 8.8 14.52 131.99 64 18 5 149.51 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 1.50 2.48 131.53 75 26 10 149.53 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 12.5 20.63 131.51 38 36 4 149.53 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 12.3 20.30 131.18 47 25 3 149.54 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 1 1.65 130.70 52 31 3 149.56 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 12 19.80 130.68 82 12 5 149.56 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 8 13.20 130.67 47 20 20 149.56 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 0.6 0.99 130.04 43 33 2 149.59 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 11.6 19.14 130.02 47 8 8 149.59 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 7.6 12.54 130.01 48 30 5 149.59 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.311111 W109.075000 0.4 0.66 129.71 74 25 15 149.60 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 11.3 18.65 129.53 38 5 5 149.61 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 10.9 17.99 128.87 68 15 2 149.64 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 6.7 11.06 128.52 38 28 8 149.65 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 10.4 17.16 128.04 46 25 3 149.67 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 6.4 10.56 128.03 46 15 15 149.67 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 10 16.50 127.38 44 20 5 149.69 4.05 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 6 9.90 127.37 52 28 4 149.69 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 5.7 9.41 126.87 50 29 5 149.71 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 5.2 8.58 126.05 84 15 2 149.75 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 4.6 7.59 125.06 48 28 3 149.79 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 4.3 7.10 124.56 52 26 5 149.80 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 4 6.60 124.07 46 30 4 149.82 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 3.6 5.94 123.41 80 15 3 149.85 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 3.4 5.61 123.08 48 30 14 149.86 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 2.8 4.62 122.09 42 31 5 149.90 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 2.5 4.13 121.59 78 16 20 149.92 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 2 3.30 120.77 42 31 5 149.95 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 1.7 2.81 120.27 43 30 3 149.97 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 1.4 2.31 119.78 36 25 25 149.99 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 1.1 1.82 119.28 32 20 20 150.01 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 4.9 8.09 118.97 40 7 7 150.02 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 0.8 1.32 118.79 51 19 10 150.03 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 0.5 0.83 118.29 46 20 5 150.05 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 4.4 7.26 118.14 35 26 5 150.06 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 0.3 0.50 117.96 71 16 18 150.06 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.136111 W108.861111 0 0.00 117.47 72 15 15 150.08 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 3.9 6.44 117.32 48 25 7 150.09 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 3.5 5.78 116.66 82 15 15 150.12 4.06

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 35

Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 3 4.95 115.83 46 20 4 150.15 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 2.8 4.62 115.50 49 5 5 150.16 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 2.4 3.96 114.84 79 7 7 150.19 4.06 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 1.8 2.97 113.85 45 30 6 150.23 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 1.6 2.64 113.52 72 15 15 150.24 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 1.3 2.15 113.03 66 18 2 150.26 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 0.7 1.16 112.04 71 15 4 150.30 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 0.4 0.66 111.54 54 22 5 150.32 4.07 Fruita Brushy Basin Mbr N39.180556 W108.719444 0 0.00 110.88 47 15 2 150.34 4.07

Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29871 W113.78557 430 678.50 678.50 62 14 1 67.66 2.26 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29871 W113.78557 386.7 610.18 610.18 110 18 5 69.15 2.33 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29683 W113.78487 332.3 524.34 524.34 37 40 3 71.02 2.41 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29683 W113.78487 331.5 523.07 523.07 42 18 1.2 71.04 2.41 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29683 W113.78487 328.2 517.87 517.87 59 13 0.6 71.16 2.42 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29683 W113.78487 327.9 517.39 517.39 52 21 0.4 71.17 2.42 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29683 W113.78487 327.6 516.92 516.92 58 11 0.5 71.18 2.42 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 293 462.33 462.33 47 17 1 72.37 2.47 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 292.6 461.69 461.69 45 21 2 72.38 2.47 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 292 460.75 460.75 31 16 1 72.40 2.48 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 291.7 460.27 460.27 36 14 2 72.41 2.48 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 291.3 459.64 459.64 44 23 4 72.43 2.48 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 290.5 458.38 458.38 41 15 3 72.45 2.48 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 290 457.59 457.59 36 28 5 72.47 2.48 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 287.8 454.12 454.12 45 13 0.7 72.55 2.48 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 283 446.55 446.55 42 12 0.5 72.71 2.49 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 270.4 426.66 426.66 42 36 4 73.15 2.51 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 269.3 424.93 424.93 38 40 5 73.18 2.51 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 268.5 423.67 423.67 41 35 4 73.21 2.51 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29422 W113.73436 267 421.30 421.30 53 22 5 73.26 2.51 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29093 W113.78405 239 377.12 377.12 83 27 1.1 74.23 2.56 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.29093 W113.78405 214.5 338.46 338.46 82 17 0.6 75.07 2.60 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28681 W113.78308 169.5 267.45 267.45 73 15 0.5 76.62 2.67 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28681 W113.78308 164 258.78 258.78 78 21 0.7 76.81 2.68 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28681 W113.78308 158.7 250.41 250.41 76 18 1 76.99 2.69 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28681 W113.78308 157.6 248.68 248.68 71 13 0.8 77.03 2.69 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28681 W113.78308 157 247.73 247.73 78 8 2 77.05 2.69 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28462 W113.78279 146 230.37 230.37 64 12 0.4 77.42 2.71 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28462 W113.78279 137 216.17 216.17 72 18 3 77.73 2.72 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28462 W113.78279 126.5 199.60 199.60 53 9 1.2 78.10 2.74 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28462 W113.78279 111 175.15 175.15 66 13 0.8 78.63 2.76 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28462 W113.78279 105.5 166.47 166.47 62 11 4 78.82 2.77 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28318 W113.78314 80 126.23 126.23 80 15 3 79.70 2.81 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28218 W113.78320 70 110.45 110.45 72 12 0.4 80.04 2.83 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.28218 W113.78320 63 99.41 99.41 57 11 3 80.28 2.84 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.27931 W113.78262 28.5 44.97 44.97 82 8 0.8 81.47 2.89 Gunlock Iron Springs F. N37.27931 W113.78262 13 20.51 20.51 130 18 0.6 82.00 2.92 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 73.8 116.45 116.45 66 12 0.2 168.01 3.07 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 73.4 115.82 115.82 69 15 0.3 168.02 3.07 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 72.3 114.08 114.08 86 12 1.2 168.04 3.08 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 70.5 111.24 111.24 56 14 0.7 168.07 3.08 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 70 110.45 110.45 64 13 0.6 168.08 3.08 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 68.2 107.61 107.61 72 12 0.8 168.11 3.08 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 66.8 105.40 105.40 55 7 0.5 168.13 3.08 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 66 104.14 104.14 67 8 0.2 168.14 3.09 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 65.5 103.35 103.35 66 9 0.3 168.15 3.09 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 61.8 97.51 97.51 49 13 0.4 168.22 3.09 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 59 93.10 93.10 47 9 1 168.27 3.10

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 36

Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 54.5 86.00 86.00 52 12 2 168.34 3.10 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26483 W113.77725 45.4 71.64 71.64 41 18 1.1 168.50 3.12 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26456 W113.77782 31.2 49.23 49.23 43 13 0.8 168.74 3.14 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26456 W113.77782 30.8 48.60 48.60 45 15 0.5 168.75 3.14 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26373 W113.77741 7 11.05 11.05 120 18 0.2 169.16 3.18 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26373 W113.77741 6.1 9.63 9.63 130 22 0.3 169.18 3.18 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26373 W113.77741 5.2 8.21 8.21 105 18 0.2 169.19 3.18 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26304 W113.77842 23.4 36.92 36.92 85 15 1.3 168.88 3.15 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26304 W113.77842 22.2 35.03 35.03 105 13 0.2 168.90 3.15 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26304 W113.77842 20.8 32.82 32.82 81 12 0.3 168.92 3.16 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26304 W113.77842 20.4 32.19 32.19 52 9 0.6 168.93 3.16 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26304 W113.77842 13 20.51 20.51 57 11 0.4 169.06 3.17 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26304 W113.77842 1.2 1.89 1.89 56 22 0.5 169.26 3.19 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26304 W113.77842 0.9 1.42 1.42 44 15 1 169.26 3.19 Gunlock Carmel Formation N37.26304 W113.77842 0.4 0.63 0.63 39 11 3 169.27 3.19 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 24 39.60 39.60 28 12 1 166.82 3.92 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 23.5 38.78 38.78 32 15 1 166.97 3.93 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 20.9 34.49 34.49 27 14 1 167.76 3.93 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 20.3 33.50 33.50 25 11 1 167.95 3.93 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 18.5 30.53 30.53 24 12 1 168.50 3.93 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 16.6 27.39 27.39 22 11 1 169.08 3.94 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 16.4 27.06 27.06 30 15 1 169.14 3.94 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 15.7 25.91 25.91 23 10 1 169.35 3.94 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 12.6 20.79 20.79 27 12 1 170.30 3.94 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 12.4 20.46 20.46 30 11 1 170.36 3.94 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 5 8.25 8.25 36 20 3 172.62 3.96 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 4.6 7.59 7.59 25 13 1 172.74 3.96 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 4.4 7.26 7.26 23 12 1 172.81 3.96 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 2.5 4.13 4.13 28 15 3 173.39 3.96 Gunlock Sinawava Mbr N37.26618 W113.79288 0.3 0.50 0.50 22 14 2 174.06 3.96 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.26318 W113.77929 907 1431.16 981.12 28 16 3 172.07 3.19 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.26199 W113.779260 895 1412.22 967.91 28 19 3 172.17 3.21 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.25915 W113.77830 880 1388.55 951.39 33 15 4 172.29 3.23 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.25047 W113.77750 692 1091.91 744.38 32 12 5 173.75 3.53 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.21771 W113.77639 71 112.03 60.59 26 8 2 178.61 4.51 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.21771 W113.77639 69.5 109.66 58.94 25 15 0.3 178.62 4.51 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.21771 W113.77639 67 105.72 56.18 34 13 0.4 178.64 4.52 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.21501 W113.77477 31.5 49.70 17.10 22 8 11 178.92 4.57 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.21501 W113.77477 28 44.18 13.24 25 11 0.4 178.95 4.58 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.21501 W113.77477 24.2 38.19 9.06 21 13 0.3 178.98 4.58 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.21501 W113.77477 21 33.14 5.53 25 16 0.5 179.00 4.59 Gunlock Navajo Sandst. N37.213880 W113.77486 7 11.05 -9.88 42 23 0.3 179.11 4.61 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20772 W113.77820 4.1 6.27 -13.21 38 14 3 179.13 4.62 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20772 W113.77820 3.5 5.35 -13.85 33 12 6 179.14 4.62 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20772 W113.77820 3 4.59 -14.39 37 24 2 179.14 4.62 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20772 W113.77820 2.7 4.13 -14.71 52 13 8 179.14 4.62 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20772 W113.77820 2.5 3.82 -14.92 50 34 6 179.15 4.62 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20665 W113.77699 1.8 2.84 -15.61 110 22 4 179.15 4.62 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20772 W113.77820 1.8 2.75 -15.67 120 21 7 179.15 4.62 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20665 W113.77699 0.9 1.42 -16.60 105 31 3 179.16 4.62 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20665 W113.77699 0 0.00 -17.59 89 13 1.3 179.16 4.62 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20665 W113.77699 -1.3 -2.05 -19.02 60 18 0.4 179.18 4.63 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20665 W113.77699 -1.9 -3.00 -19.68 51 39 3 179.18 4.63 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20665 W113.77699 -2.9 -4.58 -20.78 54 22 1.2 179.19 4.63 Gunlock Kayenta Form. N37.20665 W113.77699 -3.7 -5.84 -21.66 39 18 0.5 179.19 4.63

Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 149.7 247.01 247.01 72 12 2 245.66 0.77 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 148.7 245.36 245.36 77 15 4 245.72 0.77

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 37

Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 148 244.20 244.20 64 15 2 245.77 0.77 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 147.6 243.54 243.54 72 19 3 245.79 0.77 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 146.9 242.39 242.39 63 13 2 245.83 0.77 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 146.6 241.89 241.89 72 21 3 245.85 0.77 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 146.2 241.23 241.23 51 16 2 245.88 0.77 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 145.5 240.08 240.08 74 17 1 245.92 0.77 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 142 234.30 234.30 64 13 2 246.14 0.78 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 138.8 229.02 229.02 71 20 0.9 246.33 0.78 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 135.1 222.92 222.92 72 18 0.5 246.56 0.79 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 134.5 221.93 221.93 68 17 0.4 246.60 0.79 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 133.4 220.11 220.11 57 15 1.2 246.67 0.79 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 132.8 219.12 219.12 68 18 0.4 246.70 0.79 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 132.4 218.46 218.46 64 21 2 246.73 0.79 Hite Moody Canyon M N37.88604 W110.41532 131.5 216.98 216.98 67 13 1 246.79 0.80 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 75.6 124.74 124.74 55 21 0.3 270.47 0.89 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 75 123.75 123.75 72 25 0.7 270.52 0.89 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 74 122.10 122.10 105 33 0.4 270.60 0.89 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 71.8 118.47 118.47 92 17 0.7 270.78 0.89 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 69.2 114.18 114.18 86 16 0.6 270.99 0.90 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 67.8 111.87 111.87 52 9 0.3 271.11 0.90 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 66.7 110.06 110.06 56 12 0.4 271.20 0.90 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 65.8 108.57 108.57 58 13 0.5 271.27 0.90 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 64.6 106.59 106.59 53 7 0.4 271.37 0.91 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 63.7 105.11 105.11 51 12 0.8 271.45 0.91 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 62.9 103.79 103.79 49 8 1.2 271.51 0.91 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 62.4 102.96 102.96 47 12 0.6 271.55 0.91 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 61.5 101.48 101.48 48 16 0.8 271.63 0.91 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88946 W110.40877 58 95.70 95.70 55 13 1.2 271.91 0.92 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 55.2 91.08 91.08 56 16 0.6 272.14 0.92 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 52.5 86.63 86.63 61 13 1.2 272.37 0.93 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 50.5 83.33 83.33 71 21 0.8 272.53 0.93 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 50 82.50 82.50 77 18 1.2 272.57 0.93 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 49.5 81.68 81.68 58 22 1.2 272.61 0.93 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 47.2 77.88 77.88 39 7 0.3 272.80 0.93 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 44 72.60 72.60 39 8 0.5 273.06 0.94 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 43.5 71.78 71.78 45 9 0.6 273.11 0.94 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 39.2 64.68 64.68 32 13 0.7 273.46 0.95 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 38.6 63.69 63.69 37 12 1.1 273.51 0.95 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 32.2 53.13 53.13 49 15 0.5 274.03 0.96 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 30.3 50.00 50.00 54 18 0.3 274.19 0.96 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 28.6 47.19 47.19 59 20 0.5 274.33 0.97 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 27 44.55 44.55 67 23 0.6 274.46 0.97 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 26.2 43.23 43.23 56 21 0.7 274.53 0.97 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 25 41.25 41.25 66 22 0.2 274.63 0.97 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 23.3 38.45 38.45 81 18 0.3 274.77 0.97 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 21.5 35.48 35.48 63 21 0.5 274.91 0.98 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 18.8 31.02 31.02 56 33 0.2 275.14 0.98 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 15.4 25.41 25.41 84 7 0.3 275.41 0.99 Hite Organ Rock Sh. N37.88913 W110.39954 10.5 17.33 17.33 88 8 0.5 275.82 1.00

Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 29.7 49.01 17.21 37 45 5 194.64 0.96 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 28.8 47.52 15.72 52 41 6 195.00 0.97 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 27.6 45.54 13.74 53 37 6 195.47 0.97 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 25 41.25 9.45 47 16 0.3 196.49 0.97 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 23.4 38.61 6.81 55 17 1.1 197.12 0.97 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 21.9 36.14 4.34 44 28 0.5 197.71 0.98 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 21.5 35.48 3.68 48 32 1 197.86 0.98 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 20.8 34.32 2.52 44 33 3 198.14 0.98

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 38

Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 19.8 32.67 0.87 47 71 71 198.53 0.98 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 19.2 31.68 -0.12 43 32 10 198.77 0.98 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 18.6 30.69 -1.11 52 28 7 199.00 0.98 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 18.3 30.20 -1.61 88 33 0.5 199.12 0.98 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 17.6 29.04 -2.76 79 28 0.4 199.40 0.98 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 17.2 28.38 -3.42 86 31 0.7 199.55 0.98 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 16.3 26.90 -4.91 87 32 0.4 199.91 0.99 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 15.6 25.74 -6.06 84 33 0.8 200.18 0.99 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 15.3 25.25 -6.56 79 25 1 200.30 0.99 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 14.5 23.93 -7.88 88 28 4 200.62 0.99 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 13.2 21.78 -10.02 86 35 6 201.13 0.99 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 11.2 18.48 -13.32 82 42 3 201.91 0.99 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 10.5 17.33 -14.48 81 38 1 202.19 1.00 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 9.8 16.17 -15.63 92 35 1 202.46 1.00 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 9.3 15.35 -16.46 105 34 2 202.66 1.00 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 8.5 14.03 -17.78 88 31 1 202.97 1.00 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 7.7 12.71 -19.10 132 33 1 203.29 1.00 Hog Spr. Rock Point Form. N37.954948 W110.4808 6.8 11.22 -20.58 96 35 2 203.64 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.954948 W110.4808 5.4 8.91 -22.89 72 46 15 204.19 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.954948 W110.4808 4.7 7.76 -24.05 62 48 5 204.47 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.954948 W110.4808 4.4 7.26 -24.54 51 35 4 204.58 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.954948 W110.4808 3.6 5.94 -25.86 74 35 1 204.90 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.954948 W110.4808 2.8 4.62 -27.18 63 48 2 205.21 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.954948 W110.4808 2.2 3.63 -28.17 59 43 4 205.45 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.954948 W110.4808 1.3 2.15 -29.66 58 49 33 205.80 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.954948 W110.4808 0.8 1.32 -30.48 39 38 3 206.00 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.954948 W110.4808 0.4 0.66 -31.14 45 32 2 206.15 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 27.5 45.38 -31.83 87 33 2 206.32 0.97 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 26.8 44.22 -32.98 81 33 2 206.59 0.97 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 26.4 43.56 -33.64 73 32 3 206.75 0.97 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 25.8 42.57 -34.63 72 25 2 206.99 0.97 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 25.3 41.75 -35.46 81 32 1 207.18 0.97 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 24.6 40.59 -36.61 74 29 1 207.46 0.97 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 24.2 39.93 -37.27 72 26 1 207.61 0.97 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 23.6 38.94 -38.26 85 37 2 207.85 0.97 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 21.3 35.15 -42.06 42 25 3 208.75 0.98 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 19.8 32.67 -44.53 86 34 6 209.34 0.98 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 19.5 32.18 -45.03 81 36 5 209.46 0.98 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 19 31.35 -45.85 54 32 3 209.66 0.98 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 18.6 30.69 -46.51 44 28 4 209.81 0.98 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 18.3 30.20 -47.01 42 29 0.8 209.93 0.98 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 18 29.70 -47.50 82 36 0.7 210.05 0.98 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 17.5 28.88 -48.33 71 25 0.5 210.25 0.98 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 16.7 27.56 -49.65 65 31 1 210.56 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 16.3 26.90 -50.31 81 79 3 210.72 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 15.5 25.58 -51.63 47 27 1 211.03 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 14.9 24.59 -52.62 47 28 1 211.27 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 14.6 24.09 -53.11 56 34 1 211.39 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 14.1 23.27 -53.94 48 29 1 211.58 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 13.7 22.61 -54.60 47 28 1 211.74 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 13.3 21.95 -55.26 55 32 1 211.90 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 12.9 21.29 -55.92 51 25 1 212.05 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 12.5 20.63 -56.58 52 27 1 212.21 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 12.2 20.13 -57.07 67 36 2 212.33 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 11.6 19.14 -58.06 62 27 3 212.56 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 11.2 18.48 -58.72 78 35 2 212.72 0.99 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 10.6 17.49 -59.71 65 52 2 212.96 1.00

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 39

Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 10.3 17.00 -60.21 43 31 2 213.07 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 9.6 15.84 -61.36 44 21 3 213.35 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 9.2 15.18 -62.02 75 32 4 213.51 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 8.5 14.03 -63.18 63 39 2 213.78 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 7.8 12.87 -64.33 67 25 4 214.06 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 6.8 11.22 -65.98 43 32 6 214.45 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 6.4 10.56 -66.64 41 31 5 214.61 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 6.1 10.07 -67.14 81 42 3 214.72 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 5.2 8.58 -68.62 64 28 2 215.08 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 4.6 7.59 -69.61 61 29 2 215.31 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 4 6.60 -70.60 70 42 2 215.55 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 3.7 6.11 -71.10 65 25 2 215.67 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 3.2 5.28 -71.92 64 30 2 215.86 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 2.3 3.80 -73.41 71 44 2 216.22 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 1.7 2.81 -74.40 65 31 3 216.45 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 1.3 2.15 -75.06 60 32 4 216.61 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 7.5 12.38 -75.53 74 27 1 216.72 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.94513 W110.47077 0.8 1.32 -75.88 78 42 3 216.81 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 7 11.55 -76.35 73 24 1 216.92 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 6.5 10.73 -77.18 78 25 1 217.12 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 6.1 10.07 -77.84 71 29 1 217.27 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 5.6 9.24 -78.66 72 31 1 217.47 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 5 8.25 -79.65 72 25 1 217.70 1.00 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 4.2 6.93 -80.97 72 67 2 218.02 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 3.5 5.78 -82.13 76 31 1 218.29 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 3 4.95 -82.95 74 32 1 218.49 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 2.5 4.13 -83.78 77 33 1 218.69 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 2.3 3.80 -84.11 78 29 2 218.77 1.01 Hog Spr. Church Rock Fm. N37.93228 W110.46513 1.6 2.64 -85.26 86 38 2 219.04 1.01 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.19773 W109.95336 300.2 495.33 495.33 74 32 4 299.51 2.44 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.19773 W109.95336 298 491.70 491.70 38 22 6 299.69 2.44 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.19773 W109.95336 297.6 491.04 491.04 42 31 2 299.72 2.44 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.19689 W109.95391 292 481.80 481.80 48 37 1 300.16 2.45 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.19689 W109.95391 291.6 481.14 481.14 37 24 1 300.19 2.45 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.19358 W109.95271 285.7 471.41 471.41 48 31 2 300.65 2.46 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.19358 W109.95271 285.2 470.58 470.58 37 22 1 300.69 2.47 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.19358 W109.95271 284 468.60 468.60 48 16 1 300.78 2.47 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18789 W109.95409 273.8 451.77 451.77 48 23 2 301.59 2.48 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18789 W109.95409 273.6 451.44 451.44 48 21 2 301.60 2.48 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18789 W109.95409 272.4 449.46 449.46 36 19 1 301.70 2.49 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18789 W109.95409 270.3 446.00 446.00 37 18 1 301.86 2.49 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18789 W109.95409 269.8 445.17 445.17 45 23 1 301.90 2.49 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18789 W109.95409 269.2 444.18 444.18 37 17 1 301.95 2.49 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18789 W109.95409 268.9 443.69 443.69 47 22 2 301.97 2.49 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95441 266.1 439.07 439.07 39 18 2 302.19 2.50 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95441 265.4 437.91 437.91 48 27 2 302.25 2.50 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95441 264.9 437.09 437.09 34 22 2 302.28 2.50 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95441 264.5 436.43 436.43 36 21 2 302.32 2.50 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95441 264 435.60 435.60 49 24 2 302.36 2.50 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95441 262.3 432.80 432.80 38 27 2 302.49 2.50 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95441 262 432.30 432.30 42 31 4 302.51 2.50 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18798 W109.95442 257.6 425.04 425.04 38 27 5 302.86 2.51 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18798 W109.95442 257 424.05 424.05 46 31 3 302.91 2.51 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18798 W109.95442 256.5 423.23 423.23 36 24 3 302.94 2.51 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18798 W109.95442 256.1 422.57 422.57 49 33 4 302.98 2.51 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18798 W109.95442 254.4 419.76 419.76 37 22 5 303.11 2.52 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18798 W109.95442 253.6 418.44 418.44 82 47 2 303.17 2.52

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 40

Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18798 W109.95442 252.3 416.30 416.30 37 21 3 303.27 2.52 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18798 W109.95442 250.7 413.66 413.66 38 22 4 303.40 2.52 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18798 W109.95442 250 412.50 412.50 37 15 2 303.46 2.52 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 242.9 400.79 400.79 33 11 1 304.01 2.54 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 242.6 400.29 400.29 36 8 1 304.04 2.54 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 242.1 399.47 399.47 33 14 1 304.08 2.54 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 241.8 398.97 398.97 32 10 1 304.10 2.54 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 241.4 398.31 398.31 33 26 2 304.13 2.54 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 241 397.65 397.65 37 18 1 304.16 2.54 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 238.2 393.03 393.03 42 19 5 304.38 2.54 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 237.4 391.71 391.71 26 18 2 304.44 2.54 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 236.8 390.72 390.72 37 20 1 304.49 2.55 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 235.6 388.74 388.74 36 18 2 304.59 2.55 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 235 387.75 387.75 62 25 1 304.63 2.55 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 233.1 384.62 384.62 53 21 1 304.78 2.55 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 232.1 382.97 382.97 37 20 1 304.86 2.55 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18763 W109.95513 231.4 381.81 381.81 41 21 1 304.92 2.55 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18823 W109.95847 225 371.25 371.25 41 22 1 305.42 2.56 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18823 W109.95847 224.5 370.43 370.43 37 18 2 305.46 2.57 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18823 W109.95847 224 369.60 369.60 35 16 2 305.50 2.57 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18823 W109.95847 223 367.95 367.95 38 24 2 305.58 2.57 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18823 W109.95847 222.4 366.96 366.96 37 22 3 305.62 2.57 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18823 W109.95847 222 366.30 366.30 25 15 1 305.65 2.57 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 215.4 355.41 355.41 38 17 2 306.17 2.58 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 215 354.75 354.75 35 18 2 306.20 2.58 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 212.3 350.30 350.30 41 23 2 306.42 2.59 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 209.5 345.68 345.68 42 26 2 306.64 2.59 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 208.3 343.70 343.70 39 24 2 306.73 2.59 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 207.7 342.71 342.71 34 18 1 306.78 2.59 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 204.6 337.59 337.59 37 21 5 307.02 2.60 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 199.4 329.01 329.01 38 26 2 307.43 2.61 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 198.6 327.69 327.69 42 21 3 307.49 2.61 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 198.2 327.03 327.03 39 24 2 307.52 2.61 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 197.5 325.88 325.88 36 14 2 307.58 2.61 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 196.7 324.56 324.56 35 12 3 307.64 2.61 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 195.8 323.07 323.07 41 32 4 307.71 2.61 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18648 W109.96658 195.3 322.25 322.25 46 31 2 307.75 2.61 Honaker Honaker Trail F. N37.18430 W109.96044 181.2 298.98 298.98 24 18 4 308.86 2.64

Honaker T Hovenweep Sh.M N37.18430 W109.96044 158 260.70 260.70 35 21 1 310.68 2.68 Honaker T Hovenweep Sh.M N37.18430 W109.96044 157.6 260.04 260.04 31 17 1 310.71 2.68 Honaker T Hovenweep Sh.M N37.18430 W109.96044 157.2 259.38 259.38 36 22 1 310.74 2.68 Honaker T Hovenweep Sh.M N37.18430 W109.96044 156 257.40 257.40 35 21 2 310.84 2.68 Honaker T Hovenweep Sh.M N37.18430 W109.96044 155.5 256.58 256.58 28 18 2 310.88 2.68 Honaker T Desert Ck Stage N37.18414 W109.96102 103.3 170.45 170.45 35 18 8 314.98 2.77 Honaker T Desert Ck Stage N37.18414 W109.96102 97.4 160.71 160.71 34 18 5 315.44 2.78 Honaker T Akah Stage N37.18710 W109.95950 39.4 65.01 65.01 34 16 2 320.00 2.87 Honaker T Akah Stage N37.18710 W109.95950 36.9 60.89 60.89 30 26 2 320.19 2.88 Honaker T Akah Stage N37.18710 W109.95950 36.4 60.06 60.06 31 19 2 320.23 2.88 Honaker T Akah Stage N37.18710 W109.95950 35.9 59.24 59.24 25 17 2 320.27 2.88 Honaker T Akah Stage N37.18710 W109.95950 33 54.45 54.45 22 28 4 320.50 2.88 Honaker T Akah Stage N37.18710 W109.95950 32.6 53.79 53.79 33 18 5 320.53 2.88

Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.19147 W113.65579 64.6 106.59 106.59 94 29 1 178.44 2.92 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.19147 W113.65579 63.8 105.27 105.27 82 27 1 178.71 2.93 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 57.4 94.71 94.71 36 25 1 180.89 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 56.9 93.89 93.89 32 21 3 181.07 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 55.9 92.24 92.24 35 19 1 181.41 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 55.5 91.58 91.58 31 20 1 181.54 2.94

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 41

Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 55.1 90.92 90.92 36 22 1 181.68 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 54.8 90.42 90.42 28 17 2 181.78 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 54.4 89.76 89.76 33 18 2 181.92 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 54.1 89.27 89.27 29 14 2 182.02 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 53.8 88.77 88.77 29 15 2 182.12 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 53.4 88.11 88.11 28 10 2 182.26 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 53 87.45 87.45 32 17 2 182.40 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 52.6 86.79 86.79 34 18 2 182.53 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 52.3 86.30 86.30 27 12 1 182.64 2.94 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 52 85.80 85.80 29 14 1 182.74 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 51.6 85.14 85.14 31 12 1 182.87 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 50.9 83.99 83.99 27 13 1 183.11 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 50.5 83.33 83.33 28 14 1 183.25 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 49 80.85 80.85 29 15 1 183.76 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 48.6 80.19 80.19 31 16 1 183.90 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 48.3 79.70 79.70 32 14 1 184.00 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 47.9 79.04 79.04 33 16 1 184.14 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 47.5 78.38 78.38 36 14 1 184.27 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 47.2 77.88 77.88 33 15 1 184.38 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 46.7 77.06 77.06 35 17 1 184.55 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 46.4 76.56 76.56 32 16 1 184.65 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 46.2 76.23 76.23 29 14 1 184.72 2.95 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 43.5 71.78 71.78 27 12 2 185.64 2.96 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 43.1 71.12 71.12 34 15 1 185.78 2.96 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 42.8 70.62 70.62 36 17 1 185.88 2.96 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 42.4 69.96 69.96 35 14 1 186.02 2.96 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 41.2 67.98 67.98 37 21 1 186.42 2.96 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 40.6 66.99 66.99 35 20 1 186.63 2.96 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 38.8 64.02 64.02 36 19 1 187.24 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 38.5 63.53 63.53 34 18 1 187.35 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 37.7 62.21 62.21 26 17 2 187.62 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 37.2 61.38 61.38 24 17 2 187.79 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 36.9 60.89 60.89 32 17 1 187.89 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 36.5 60.23 60.23 34 15 1 188.03 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 36.1 59.57 59.57 24 16 1 188.17 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 35.8 59.07 59.07 26 15 1 188.27 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 35.4 58.41 58.41 28 17 1 188.40 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 34.9 57.59 57.59 27 18 1 188.58 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 34.6 57.09 57.09 28 17 1 188.68 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 34.2 56.43 56.43 25 15 1 188.81 2.97 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 33.9 55.94 55.94 29 17 0.5 188.92 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 33.4 55.11 55.11 27 16 0.5 189.09 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 33.1 54.62 54.62 26 15 0.5 189.19 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 32.8 54.12 54.12 28 16 0.5 189.29 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 32.5 53.63 53.63 27 17 0.5 189.39 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 32.1 52.97 52.97 24 16 0.5 189.53 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 31.9 52.64 52.64 29 20 1 189.60 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 31.6 52.14 52.14 28 19 1 189.70 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 31.3 51.65 51.65 26 14 1 189.80 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 31 51.15 51.15 35 17 1 189.91 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 30 49.50 49.50 30 18 1 190.25 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 29.6 48.84 48.84 29 20 1 190.39 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 29.3 48.35 48.35 32 21 1 190.49 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 28.8 47.52 47.52 37 27 2 190.66 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 28.4 46.86 46.86 39 28 2 190.79 2.98 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 27.3 45.05 45.05 37 22 1 191.17 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 27 44.55 44.55 45 19 0.5 191.27 2.99

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 42

Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 26.6 43.89 43.89 29 14 0.5 191.41 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 26.3 43.40 43.40 26 15 0.5 191.51 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 25.9 42.74 42.74 29 13 0.5 191.65 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 25.6 42.24 42.24 27 12 0.5 191.75 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 25 41.25 41.25 33 14 0.5 191.96 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 24.2 39.93 39.93 24 11 0.5 192.23 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 23.7 39.11 39.11 27 12 0.5 192.40 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 23.4 38.61 38.61 25 13 0.5 192.50 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 23 37.95 37.95 32 18 0.5 192.64 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 22.7 37.46 37.46 26 15 0.5 192.74 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 22.3 36.80 36.80 24 14 0.5 192.88 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 22 36.30 36.30 32 23 4 192.98 2.99 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 21.5 35.48 35.48 45 21 2 193.15 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 21.1 34.82 34.82 24 14 1 193.29 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 20.8 34.32 34.32 27 18 2 193.39 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 20.3 33.50 33.50 26 11 2 193.56 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 20 33.00 33.00 33 12 2 193.66 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 19.7 32.51 32.51 32 15 2 193.76 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 19.4 32.01 32.01 28 13 2 193.87 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 19.1 31.52 31.52 27 14 3 193.97 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 18.9 31.19 31.19 32 16 2 194.04 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 18.6 30.69 30.69 37 17 4 194.14 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 18.3 30.20 30.20 32 13 1 194.24 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 17.9 29.54 29.54 28 11 1 194.38 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 17.6 29.04 29.04 31 12 1 194.48 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 17.1 28.22 28.22 37 22 2 194.65 3.00 Ivins Kayenta Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 15 24.75 24.75 34 25 2 195.37 3.01 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 13 21.45 21.45 30 12 2 196.05 3.01 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 12.6 20.79 20.79 29 13 0.5 196.19 3.01 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 12.1 19.97 19.97 24 14 0.5 196.36 3.01 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 11.7 19.31 19.31 25 20 0.5 196.50 3.01 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 11.4 18.81 18.81 30 14 1 196.60 3.01 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 10.9 17.99 17.99 41 23 2 196.77 3.01 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 10.5 17.33 17.33 42 24 2 196.91 3.01 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 10 16.50 16.50 51 32 2 197.08 3.01 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 9.5 15.68 15.68 47 23 2 197.25 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 9.1 15.02 15.02 45 22 1 197.38 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 8.7 14.36 14.36 41 18 2 197.52 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 8.3 13.70 13.70 42 17 2 197.66 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 7.6 12.54 12.54 26 15 1 197.90 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 7.4 12.21 12.21 28 16 1 197.96 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 7.1 11.72 11.72 29 18 1 198.07 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 6.8 11.22 11.22 38 23 1 198.17 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 6.4 10.56 10.56 41 25 1 198.31 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 5.9 9.74 9.74 39 22 2 198.48 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 5.6 9.24 9.24 38 19 1 198.58 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 5.3 8.75 8.75 36 22 2 198.68 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 4.3 7.10 7.10 38 25 1 199.02 3.02 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 3.5 5.78 5.78 36 24 1 199.30 3.03 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 3.3 5.45 5.45 38 27 1 199.36 3.03 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 3 4.95 4.95 49 37 1 199.47 3.03 Ivins Moenave Form. N37.18197 W113.66023 2.6 4.29 4.29 43 34 1 199.60 3.03 Ivins Chinle Group N37.18197 W113.66023 1.3 2.15 2.15 83 31 5 200.05 3.03 Ivins Chinle Group N37.18197 W113.66023 0.3 0.50 0.50 46 27 2 200.39 3.03

Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 18.7 30.86 30.86 20 6 0.6 187.54 2.86 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 17.6 29.04 29.04 19 11 1.2 187.92 2.86 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 10.9 17.99 17.99 18 7 0.6 190.24 2.87

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 43

Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 10.4 17.16 17.16 18 5 0.3 190.42 2.87 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 9.9 16.34 16.34 45 9 2 190.59 2.87 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 9.3 15.35 15.35 52 14 3 190.80 2.87 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 8.8 14.52 14.52 44 13 2 190.97 2.87 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 8.4 13.86 13.86 42 11 2 191.11 2.88 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 7.7 12.71 12.71 54 12 4 191.36 2.88 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 6.5 10.73 10.73 45 8 2 191.77 2.88 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 5.2 8.58 8.58 47 11 3 192.22 2.88 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 3.6 5.94 5.94 61 15 4 192.78 2.88 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 2.4 3.96 3.96 37 9 1 193.20 2.89 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 1.9 3.14 3.14 32 10 1 193.37 2.89 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 1.4 2.31 2.31 26 12 1 193.54 2.89 Kanab Moenave Form. N37.04005 W112.42606 0.8 1.32 1.32 18 15 5 193.75 2.89

Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.52825 W109.59681 20.6 33.99 137.39 38 21 1 179.16 1.57 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.52825 W109.59681 12 19.80 123.20 95 21 4 179.40 1.58 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.52825 W109.59681 7.8 12.87 116.27 82 9 0.7 179.52 1.59 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.52825 W109.59681 7 11.55 114.95 61 12 1 179.54 1.59 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.52825 W109.59681 6 9.90 113.30 28 5 2 179.57 1.59 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.52825 W109.59681 5.6 9.24 112.64 33 12 7 179.58 1.59 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.52825 W109.59681 5 8.25 111.65 27 8 0.3 179.60 1.59 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 58.2 95.50 95.50 35 9 0.4 179.88 1.51 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 54.8 89.92 89.92 24 5 0.6 179.97 1.51 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 54.4 89.27 89.27 33 5 0.7 179.98 1.51 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 52.9 86.81 86.81 24 7 1 180.03 1.52 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 52 85.33 85.33 32 12 3 180.05 1.52 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 50.7 83.20 83.20 19 4 1.2 180.09 1.52 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 48.3 79.26 79.26 41 7 0.8 180.16 1.52 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 47.2 77.45 77.45 36 12 0.4 180.19 1.53 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 39 64.00 64.00 28 7 1.5 180.42 1.54 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 38.7 63.51 63.51 24 11 2 180.43 1.54 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 38.5 63.18 63.18 27 8 0.8 180.43 1.54 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 36.6 60.06 60.06 65 17 4 180.49 1.54 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 35.8 58.75 58.75 23 8 0.8 180.51 1.54 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 35.2 57.76 57.76 24 9 0.9 180.53 1.55 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 33.8 55.46 55.46 28 6 1.3 180.57 1.55 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 33.6 55.14 55.14 21 5 1.5 180.57 1.55 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 32.7 53.66 53.66 23 5 2 180.60 1.55 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 30.8 50.54 50.54 21 4 2 180.65 1.55 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 30.2 49.56 49.56 25 8 1.2 180.67 1.55 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 28.6 46.93 46.93 23 4 0.4 180.71 1.56 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 27.7 45.45 45.45 18 13 7 180.74 1.56 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 25.2 41.35 41.35 22 6 0.7 180.81 1.56 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 17.6 28.88 28.88 22 5 0.3 181.02 1.57 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51815 W109.59439 8.3 13.62 13.62 21 4 0.6 181.29 1.59 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51171 W109.59793 28.4 46.60 -17.40 36 17 2 181.82 1.56 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51171 W109.59793 26.1 42.83 -21.17 32 14 2 181.88 1.56 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51171 W109.59793 21 34.46 -29.54 27 12 1 182.03 1.57 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51171 W109.59793 2.6 4.27 -59.73 19 12 0.5 182.55 1.60 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51171 W109.59793 1.4 2.30 -61.70 36 22 1 182.58 1.60 Kane Spr. Kayenta Form. N38.51171 W109.59793 0.8 1.31 -62.69 37 12 1 182.60 1.60 Kane Spr. Shinarump Form. N38.50362 W109.60348 78.5 126.69 126.69 120 45 4 225.47 1.75 Kane Spr. Shinarump Form. N38.50362 W109.60348 71.5 115.40 115.40 74 62 5 226.54 1.76 Kane Spr. Shinarump Form. N38.50362 W109.60348 70.3 113.46 113.46 63 44 2 226.73 1.76 Kane Spr. Shinarump Form. N38.50362 W109.60348 69.4 112.01 112.01 56 47 4 226.86 1.77 Kane Spr. Shinarump Form. N38.50362 W109.60348 68.9 111.20 111.20 83 57 15 226.94 1.77 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 61.4 98.71 128.71 96 10 1 244.80 1.89 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 59.4 95.50 125.50 89 17 1 244.95 1.90

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 44

Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 58.9 94.69 124.69 88 18 1 244.99 1.90 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 57.8 92.93 122.93 95 21 0.5 245.07 1.90 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 56.9 91.48 121.48 64 12 1 245.14 1.90 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 56.3 90.51 120.51 62 15 2 245.19 1.90 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 54.3 87.30 117.30 61 15 3 245.34 1.91 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 52.3 84.08 114.08 51 9 0.7 245.49 1.91 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 51.5 82.80 112.80 42 10 0.8 245.54 1.91 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 50.9 81.83 111.83 35 7 0.6 245.59 1.91 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 50.5 81.19 111.19 52 12 0.8 245.62 1.91 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 49.2 79.10 109.10 44 10 1 245.72 1.91 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 46.9 75.40 105.40 38 14 2 245.89 1.92 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 46.3 74.44 104.44 52 13 1 245.93 1.92 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 44.1 70.90 100.90 37 12 1 246.10 1.92 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 43.4 69.77 99.77 52 16 4 246.15 1.92 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 38.2 61.41 91.41 45 15 1 246.54 1.93 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 37.9 60.93 90.93 40 11 1 246.56 1.93 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 37.3 59.97 89.97 31 8 1 246.61 1.93 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 36.2 58.20 88.20 41 10 1 246.69 1.93 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 34.9 56.11 86.11 42 13 2 246.79 1.94 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 28.4 45.66 75.66 42 11 1 247.27 1.95 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 28.1 45.18 75.18 38 9 1 247.29 1.95 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 27.8 44.69 74.69 39 10 1 247.32 1.95 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 27.4 44.05 74.05 37 8 1 247.35 1.95 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 26.4 42.44 72.44 39 10 1 247.42 1.95 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 26.2 42.12 72.12 38 9 1 247.44 1.95 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 25.8 41.48 71.48 52 12 1.2 247.47 1.95 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 25.4 40.84 70.84 47 11 0.5 247.50 1.95 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 25 40.19 70.19 56 12 0.7 247.53 1.95 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 23.2 37.30 67.30 39 9 0.4 247.66 1.96 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 20.1 32.31 62.31 47 16 1 247.89 1.96 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 19.5 31.35 61.35 56 14 1 247.94 1.96 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 18.7 30.06 60.06 62 12 2 248.00 1.96 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 18 28.94 58.94 52 13 2 248.05 1.96 Kane Spr. Moody Canyon M N38.49920 W109.60770 16 25.72 55.72 52 14 3 248.20 1.97 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 15.6 25.08 55.08 56 15 2 248.23 1.97 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 14.8 23.79 53.79 51 10 1 248.29 1.97 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 13.2 21.22 51.22 49 11 0.7 248.41 1.97 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 11.8 18.97 48.97 52 13 0.5 248.51 1.97 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 9.6 15.43 45.43 87 31 4 248.68 1.98 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 8.9 14.31 44.31 46 12 3 248.73 1.98 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 7.5 12.06 42.06 44 11 1 248.83 1.98 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 6.8 10.93 40.93 57 12 3 248.89 1.98 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 6.4 10.29 40.29 64 14 2 248.92 1.98 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 5.6 9.00 39.00 58 12 2 248.98 1.98 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 3.3 5.31 35.31 51 16 3 249.15 1.99 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 2.8 4.50 34.50 46 15 5 249.19 1.99 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 2.3 3.70 33.70 57 18 2 249.22 1.99 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 1.6 2.57 32.57 53 14 4 249.28 1.99 Kane Spr. Torrey Member N38.49920 W109.60770 1.2 1.93 31.93 52 22 8 249.31 1.99

Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 24.4 40.26 481.76 59 27 1 46.94 0.93 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 23.9 39.44 480.94 60 31 1 46.97 0.94 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 23.4 38.61 480.11 62 30 1 47.00 0.94 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 22.7 37.46 478.96 61 32 2 47.04 0.94 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 21.8 35.97 477.47 63 31 2 47.10 0.94 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 21 34.65 476.15 66 27 1 47.14 0.94 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 20 33.00 474.50 53 18 1 47.20 0.94 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 19.5 32.18 473.68 62 21 1 47.23 0.94

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 45

Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 17.5 28.88 470.38 68 27 2 47.35 0.95 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 17 28.05 469.55 62 22 2 47.38 0.95 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 16.4 27.06 468.56 59 24 2 47.42 0.95 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 16 26.40 467.90 63 25 2 47.44 0.95 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 12.4 20.46 461.96 58 20 2 47.66 0.95 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 11.8 19.47 460.97 62 24 2 47.69 0.95 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 11.3 18.65 460.15 59 21 2 47.72 0.96 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 5.4 8.91 450.41 62 24 1 48.08 0.97 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 2.4 3.96 445.46 51 22 1 48.26 0.97 Kyune Colton Formation N39.82698 W110.94312 1.8 2.97 444.47 59 21 1 48.29 0.97

LaVerkin White Throne Mbr N37.21580 W113.30170 29 46.80 46.80 38 15 2 169.72 3.91 LaVerkin White Throne Mbr N37.21580 W113.30170 27.8 44.87 44.87 44 15 1 169.73 3.91 LaVerkin White Throne Mbr N37.21580 W113.30170 26.2 42.29 42.29 41 12 2 169.74 3.91 LaVerkin White Throne Mbr N37.21580 W113.30170 19.7 31.79 31.79 56 10 2 169.79 3.92 LaVerkin White Throne Mbr N37.21580 W113.30170 18.6 30.02 30.02 52 12 1 169.80 3.92 LaVerkin White Throne Mbr N37.21580 W113.30170 17.2 27.76 27.76 46 21 2 169.81 3.93 LaVerkin White Throne Mbr N37.21580 W113.30170 15 24.21 24.21 45 24 2 169.83 3.93 LaVerkin White Throne Mbr N37.21580 W113.30170 14.2 22.92 22.92 34 22 2 169.84 3.93 LaVerkin Sinawava Mbr N37.21580 W113.30170 8 12.91 12.91 37 21 2 169.89 3.94 LaVerkin Sinawava Mbr N37.21580 W113.30170 2 3.23 3.23 43 14 1 169.93 3.95

Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 14.5 23.93 192.23 85 52 15 92.25 0.64 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 13.7 22.61 190.91 82 51 6 92.52 0.64 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 12.1 19.97 188.27 81 49 4 93.08 0.64 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 11.5 18.98 187.28 77 52 11 93.29 0.64 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 10.2 16.83 185.13 83 57 15 93.74 0.65 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 9.3 15.35 183.65 87 59 11 94.05 0.65 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 8.7 14.36 182.66 86 54 14 94.26 0.65 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 7.3 12.05 180.35 110 32 21 94.75 0.65 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 7 11.55 179.85 106 41 14 94.85 0.65 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 6.4 10.56 178.86 77 43 15 95.06 0.65 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 5.9 9.74 178.04 92 52 17 95.23 0.65 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 5.5 9.08 177.38 91 62 16 95.37 0.65 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 107 176.55 176.55 49 24 2 95.55 0.82 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 5 8.25 176.55 122 73 24 95.55 0.66 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 106.2 175.23 175.23 89 32 2 95.82 0.82 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 3.9 6.44 174.74 92 52 35 95.93 0.66 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 105.4 173.91 173.91 59 32 2 96.10 0.83 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 104.9 173.09 173.09 58 33 2 96.28 0.83 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 2.6 4.29 172.59 97 58 22 96.38 0.66 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 104.5 172.43 172.43 83 22 2 96.41 0.83 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 103.8 171.27 171.27 51 32 2 96.66 0.83 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 1.7 2.81 171.11 87 56 21 96.69 0.66 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 103.4 170.61 170.61 69 38 2 96.80 0.83 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 103 169.95 169.95 54 33 2 96.94 0.83 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.20855 W110.86752 0.9 1.49 169.79 82 51 12 96.97 0.66 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 102.6 169.29 169.29 52 31 2 97.07 0.83 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 102.3 168.80 168.80 68 39 30 97.18 0.83 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 101.8 167.97 167.97 54 27 3 97.35 0.83 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 101.2 166.98 166.98 67 38 4 97.56 0.83 Litt. Cedar Mussentuchit M. N39.19456 W110.80373 100.6 165.99 165.99 59 34 2 97.77 0.83 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 98.5 162.53 162.53 42 28 1 101.34 0.84 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 98.2 162.03 162.03 41 27 1 101.41 0.84 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 97.7 161.21 161.21 63 37 1 101.54 0.84 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 97 160.05 160.05 44 28 1 101.71 0.84 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 96.6 159.39 159.39 42 27 1 101.81 0.84 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 96.4 159.06 159.06 62 41 2 101.86 0.84 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 96 158.40 158.40 42 28 1 101.96 0.84

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 46

Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 95.5 157.58 157.58 41 27 1 102.08 0.84 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 95.3 157.25 157.25 66 41 2 102.13 0.84 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 94.8 156.42 156.42 45 26 1 102.25 0.84 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 94.4 155.76 155.76 44 25 1 102.35 0.84 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 94.1 155.27 155.27 65 38 2 102.43 0.84 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 93.4 154.11 154.11 43 26 1 102.60 0.85 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 93.1 153.62 153.62 63 32 1 102.67 0.85 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 92.8 153.12 153.12 42 23 1 102.75 0.85 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 92.5 152.63 152.63 41 25 1 102.82 0.85 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 92 151.80 151.80 62 28 1 102.95 0.85 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 91.5 150.98 150.98 38 21 1 103.07 0.85 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 91 150.15 150.15 48 31 1 103.19 0.85 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 90.4 149.16 149.16 64 22 2 103.34 0.85 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 90 148.50 148.50 44 26 1 103.44 0.85 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 89.7 148.01 148.01 42 25 1 103.51 0.85 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 89.4 147.51 147.51 64 31 1 103.59 0.85 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 86.3 142.40 142.40 41 32 1 104.35 0.86 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 85.7 141.41 141.41 42 33 1 104.50 0.86 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 85.5 141.08 141.08 62 46 1 104.55 0.86 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 85 140.25 140.25 38 20 1 104.67 0.86 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 84.4 139.26 139.26 34 21 1 104.82 0.86 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 83.9 138.44 138.44 65 41 1 104.95 0.86 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 82 135.30 135.30 32 22 1 105.42 0.86 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 81.7 134.81 134.81 37 22 1 105.49 0.87 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 81.4 134.31 134.31 63 42 1 105.56 0.87 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 80.9 133.49 133.49 41 22 1 105.69 0.87 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 80.6 132.99 132.99 62 38 1 105.76 0.87 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 79.5 131.18 131.18 42 24 2 106.03 0.87 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 79.2 130.68 130.68 67 41 1 106.11 0.87 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 68.5 113.03 113.03 48 32 1 108.92 0.89 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 68 112.20 112.20 65 42 1 109.09 0.89 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 67.5 111.38 111.38 43 30 1 109.27 0.89 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 65.8 108.57 108.57 52 22 1 109.42 0.89 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 67 110.55 110.55 45 33 1 109.44 0.89 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 65.3 107.75 107.75 53 21 1 109.54 0.89 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 65 107.25 107.25 72 33 1 109.61 0.89 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 66.2 109.23 109.23 75 31 1 109.72 0.89 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 64.4 106.26 106.26 52 26 1 109.76 0.89 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 64 105.60 105.60 55 23 1 109.86 0.89 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 63.6 104.94 104.94 70 22 1 109.96 0.89 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 63.2 104.28 104.28 54 23 1 110.06 0.90 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 62.8 103.62 103.62 59 24 1 110.16 0.90 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 62.3 102.80 102.80 72 31 1 110.28 0.90 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 61.9 102.14 102.14 54 23 1 110.38 0.90 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 61.4 101.31 101.31 59 22 1 110.50 0.90 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 60.2 99.33 99.33 61 24 1 111.80 0.90 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19425 W110.80214 59.8 98.67 98.67 62 22 2 111.94 0.90 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 59.2 97.68 97.68 57 26 2 112.15 0.90 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 58.8 97.02 97.02 32 17 2 112.29 0.90 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 58.6 96.69 96.69 31 16 2 112.36 0.90 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 58.4 96.36 96.36 56 28 1 112.43 0.90 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 56.4 93.06 93.06 35 22 3 113.12 0.91 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 56 92.40 92.40 37 20 2 113.26 0.91 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 55.8 92.07 92.07 53 29 2 113.33 0.91 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 53.8 88.77 88.77 29 20 1 114.02 0.91 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 53.4 88.11 88.11 33 18 1 114.16 0.91 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 53 87.45 87.45 53 22 1 114.30 0.91

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 47

Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 52 85.80 85.80 59 26 1 114.65 0.91 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 51.2 84.48 84.48 33 16 1 114.93 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 50.8 83.82 83.82 35 17 1 115.07 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 50.4 83.16 83.16 51 20 1 115.20 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 49.7 82.01 82.01 37 22 1 115.45 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 49.4 81.51 81.51 38 20 1 115.55 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 48.9 80.69 80.69 56 22 1 115.73 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 48.3 79.70 79.70 33 17 1 115.93 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 47.9 79.04 79.04 37 17 1 116.07 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 47.6 78.54 78.54 53 15 1 116.18 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 47.2 77.88 77.88 36 17 1 116.32 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 46.9 77.39 77.39 38 18 1 116.42 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 46.5 76.73 76.73 43 22 1 116.56 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 46.1 76.07 76.07 32 14 1 116.70 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 45.8 75.57 75.57 31 15 1 116.80 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 45.5 75.08 75.08 44 25 2 116.91 0.92 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 45 74.25 74.25 27 13 1 117.08 0.93 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 44.7 73.76 73.76 26 12 1 117.18 0.93 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 44.4 73.26 73.26 42 21 1 117.29 0.93 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 44 72.60 72.60 31 15 1 117.43 0.93 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 43.7 72.11 72.11 32 14 1 117.53 0.93 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 43.5 71.78 71.78 50 36 2 117.60 0.93 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 42.3 69.80 69.80 33 14 2 118.02 0.93 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 42 69.30 69.30 37 16 2 118.12 0.93 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 41.5 68.48 68.48 51 35 3 118.30 0.93 Litt. Cedar Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 41 67.65 67.65 37 46 2 118.47 0.93 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 30.5 50.33 50.33 55 20 2 123.06 0.95 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 30 49.50 49.50 46 19 2 123.47 0.95 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 29.4 48.51 48.51 44 18 2 123.96 0.95 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 27.3 45.05 45.05 52 14 2 125.68 0.95 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 26.8 44.22 44.22 36 17 2 126.08 0.96 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 26.4 43.56 43.56 39 18 2 126.41 0.96 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 26 42.90 42.90 42 22 2 126.74 0.96 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 25.6 42.24 42.24 38 13 2 127.07 0.96 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 25.2 41.58 41.58 44 14 2 127.39 0.96 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 24.5 40.43 40.43 56 35 1 127.97 0.96 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 23.8 39.27 39.27 59 42 2 128.54 0.96 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 22.7 37.46 37.46 48 26 7 129.44 0.96 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 22.4 36.96 36.96 44 33 16 129.68 0.96 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 21.5 35.48 35.48 38 35 35 130.42 0.96 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 21.2 34.98 34.98 51 43 43 130.66 0.96 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 20.5 33.83 33.83 57 52 2 131.24 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 18.8 31.02 31.02 55 35 2 132.63 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 18.5 30.53 30.53 32 31 12 132.87 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 18 29.70 29.70 43 22 8 133.28 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 17.7 29.21 29.21 44 17 6 133.53 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 17.2 28.38 28.38 41 19 7 133.93 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 16.9 27.89 27.89 42 20 15 134.18 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 16.5 27.23 27.23 41 18 12 134.51 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 16.2 26.73 26.73 35 21 8 134.75 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 15.9 26.24 26.24 34 20 5 135.00 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 15.6 25.74 25.74 38 21 4 135.24 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 15.2 25.08 25.08 35 12 7 135.57 0.97 Litt. Cedar Yellow Cat Mbr N39.19366 W110.80017 14.9 24.59 24.59 37 16 15 135.90 0.98 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 14.2 23.43 23.43 38 17 8 148.50 0.98 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 13.9 22.94 22.94 34 14 5 148.51 0.98 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 13.6 22.44 22.44 35 17 4 148.52 0.98

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Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 13.3 21.95 21.95 44 22 4 148.53 0.98 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 13 21.45 21.45 45 17 4 148.54 0.98 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 12.5 20.63 20.63 41 16 4 148.56 0.98 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 11.4 18.81 18.81 44 22 3 148.60 0.98 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 11 18.15 18.15 38 14 2 148.62 0.98 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 9.3 15.35 15.35 38 20 1 148.68 0.98 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 8.8 14.52 14.52 35 21 2 148.70 0.99 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 7.4 12.21 12.21 37 25 2 148.75 0.99 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 6.2 10.23 10.23 42 13 2 148.79 0.99 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 5.9 9.74 9.74 39 12 2 148.80 0.99 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 5.4 8.91 8.91 70 24 2 148.82 0.99 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 4.7 7.76 7.76 49 18 2 148.85 0.99 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 3.6 5.94 5.94 53 21 2 148.89 0.99 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 3 4.95 4.95 47 20 2 148.91 0.99 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 2.7 4.46 4.46 48 17 2 148.92 1.00 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 2 3.30 3.30 57 22 2 148.95 1.00 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 0.8 1.32 1.32 47 21 2 148.99 1.00 Litt. Cedar Morrison Form. N39.19366 W110.80017 0.5 0.83 0.83 46 12 2 149.00 1.00

Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 103.9 171.44 171.44 67 15 3 100.16 0.67 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 103.6 170.94 170.94 47 26 2 100.23 0.67 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 103.4 170.61 170.61 46 25 2 100.28 0.67 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 103.2 170.28 170.28 66 18 3 100.33 0.67 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 102.9 169.79 169.79 45 25 4 100.40 0.67 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 102.6 169.29 169.29 44 25 6 100.48 0.67 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 102.4 168.96 168.96 56 21 6 100.53 0.67 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 102 168.30 168.30 45 32 5 100.63 0.67 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 101.6 167.64 167.64 71 33 10 100.72 0.67 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 101.2 166.98 166.98 41 45 45 100.82 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 100.8 166.32 166.32 44 33 10 100.92 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 100.5 165.83 165.83 66 26 15 101.00 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 100.2 165.33 165.33 33 18 12 101.07 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 99.8 164.67 164.67 36 25 25 101.17 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 99.5 164.18 164.18 64 28 10 101.24 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 99.2 163.68 163.68 41 24 13 101.32 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 98.8 163.02 163.02 43 28 12 101.42 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 98.5 162.53 162.53 75 26 18 101.49 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 97.8 161.37 161.37 45 36 10 101.66 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 97.5 160.88 160.88 41 38 10 101.74 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 97.2 160.38 160.38 67 26 8 101.81 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 96.5 159.23 159.23 45 36 12 101.83 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 96.8 159.72 159.72 46 37 9 101.91 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 96.2 158.73 158.73 72 25 10 102.06 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 95.7 157.91 157.91 47 35 9 102.18 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 95.4 157.41 157.41 46 29 5 102.26 0.68 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 95.1 156.92 156.92 71 31 4 102.33 0.69 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 94.8 156.42 156.42 48 37 10 102.40 0.69 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 94.4 155.76 155.76 44 36 36 102.50 0.69 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N39.19372 W110.80184 93.7 154.61 154.61 42 27 1 102.53 0.85 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 94.1 155.27 155.27 76 26 4 102.58 0.69 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 93.8 154.77 154.77 45 31 9 102.65 0.69 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 93.4 154.11 154.11 47 30 5 102.75 0.69 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 93.1 153.62 153.62 66 16 4 102.82 0.69 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 92.6 152.79 152.79 41 25 5 102.95 0.69 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 92.2 152.13 152.13 42 59 59 103.05 0.69 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 91.9 151.64 151.64 72 21 9 103.12 0.69 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 91.6 151.14 151.14 47 26 3 103.19 0.69 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 91.2 150.48 150.48 45 25 8 103.29 0.69

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 49

Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 80.9 133.49 133.49 61 21 5 105.84 0.71 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 80.5 132.83 132.83 35 33 6 105.94 0.71 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 80.2 132.33 132.33 38 36 8 106.01 0.71 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 76.9 126.89 126.89 66 24 9 106.83 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 76.6 126.39 126.39 32 31 10 106.90 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 76.3 125.90 125.90 36 31 8 106.97 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 76 125.40 125.40 64 35 15 107.05 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 75.6 124.74 124.74 35 37 30 107.15 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 75.3 124.25 124.25 36 35 25 107.22 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 75.1 123.92 123.92 56 25 8 107.27 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 74.8 123.42 123.42 38 21 12 107.34 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 74.6 123.09 123.09 31 20 15 107.39 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 74.4 122.76 122.76 63 35 35 107.44 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 74.2 122.43 122.43 35 31 12 107.49 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 74 122.10 122.10 32 31 10 107.54 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 73.8 121.77 121.77 54 28 8 107.59 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 73.4 121.11 121.11 31 32 5 107.69 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 73.2 120.78 120.78 29 30 5 107.74 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 72.9 120.29 120.29 51 25 8 107.81 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 72.4 119.46 119.46 35 30 5 107.94 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 72.2 119.13 119.13 34 31 5 107.99 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 71.9 118.64 118.64 61 18 8 108.06 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 71.5 117.98 117.98 31 33 12 108.16 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 71.2 117.48 117.48 28 24 11 108.23 0.72 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 70.9 116.99 116.99 54 25 12 108.31 0.73 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 70.4 116.16 116.16 31 34 9 108.43 0.73 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 70.2 115.83 115.83 33 21 8 108.48 0.73 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 60.9 100.49 100.49 54 25 7 110.78 0.74 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 60.6 99.99 99.99 34 37 5 110.85 0.74 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 60.3 99.50 99.50 36 35 6 110.93 0.74 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 60 99.00 99.00 57 31 8 111.00 0.74 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 59.6 98.34 98.34 28 33 6 111.10 0.74 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 59.4 98.01 98.01 36 39 5 111.15 0.74 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 56.1 92.57 92.57 56 25 8 111.96 0.75 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 55.6 91.74 91.74 32 35 5 112.09 0.75 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 55.3 91.25 91.25 36 32 4 112.16 0.75 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 55 90.75 90.75 45 33 7 112.23 0.75 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 54.4 89.76 89.76 31 32 5 112.38 0.75 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 54.2 89.43 89.43 36 31 3 112.43 0.75 Moab Ruby Ranch Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 53.6 88.44 88.44 61 10 2 112.58 0.75 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 44.3 73.10 73.10 37 22 17 122.34 0.77 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 43.9 72.44 72.44 35 24 15 123.12 0.77 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 43.6 71.94 71.94 41 32 32 123.71 0.77 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 43.3 71.45 71.45 37 18 15 124.29 0.77 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 43 70.95 70.95 39 16 4 124.88 0.77 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 42.7 70.46 70.46 36 15 6 125.46 0.77 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 41.2 67.98 67.98 32 13 0.5 128.40 0.77 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 40.9 67.49 67.49 34 12 0.5 128.98 0.77 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 40.7 67.16 67.16 36 15 1 129.37 0.77 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 40.5 66.83 66.83 45 21 2 129.77 0.78 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 40.2 66.33 66.33 45 23 8 130.35 0.78 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 39.8 65.67 65.67 35 15 1 131.13 0.78 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 39.6 65.34 65.34 32 14 10 131.53 0.78 Moab Yellow Cat Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 39.3 64.85 64.85 33 23 23 132.11 0.78 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 38.9 64.19 64.19 36 27 4 150.60 0.78 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 38.6 63.69 63.69 41 25 3 150.61 0.78 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 38.3 63.20 63.20 54 22 2 150.62 0.78

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 50

Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 38.1 62.87 62.87 72 15 0.4 150.62 0.78 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 37.5 61.88 61.88 71 16 0.5 150.64 0.78 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 37 61.05 61.05 48 19 19 150.66 0.78 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 36.5 60.23 60.23 43 22 22 150.67 0.78 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 35 57.75 57.75 63 17 0.5 150.71 0.78 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 34.5 56.93 56.93 68 18 0.5 150.73 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 33.9 55.94 55.94 49 18 0.5 150.75 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 33.4 55.11 55.11 52 21 10 150.76 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 33 54.45 54.45 61 16 4 150.77 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 32.5 53.63 53.63 62 18 1 150.79 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 32 52.80 52.80 110 15 1.5 150.80 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 31.6 52.14 52.14 45 21 1 150.81 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 31.4 51.81 51.81 43 20 1 150.82 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 30.9 50.99 50.99 82 15 1 150.83 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 30.4 50.16 50.16 47 25 1 150.85 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 30.1 49.67 49.67 44 22 5 150.86 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 29.8 49.17 49.17 69 18 2 150.86 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 29.4 48.51 48.51 38 26 3 150.88 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 29 47.85 47.85 36 27 4 150.89 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 28.7 47.36 47.36 73 18 2 150.90 0.79 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 28.3 46.70 46.70 46 25 3 150.91 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 28 46.20 46.20 36 27 2 150.92 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 27.7 45.71 45.71 72 18 2 150.93 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 27.3 45.05 45.05 44 26 2 150.94 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 26.9 44.39 44.39 47 25 2 150.95 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 26.5 43.73 43.73 75 18 3 150.96 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 26.1 43.07 43.07 47 20 2 150.97 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 25.7 42.41 42.41 45 21 1 150.98 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 25.4 41.91 41.91 68 18 18 150.99 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 24.8 40.92 40.92 46 28 1 151.01 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 24.4 40.26 40.26 45 29 1 151.02 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 24 39.60 39.60 69 20 1 151.03 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 23.3 38.45 38.45 48 28 1 151.05 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 22.9 37.79 37.79 47 25 12 151.06 0.80 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 22.2 36.63 36.63 58 21 1 151.09 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 21.7 35.81 35.81 38 26 1 151.10 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 21.5 35.48 35.48 46 21 21 151.11 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 21.2 34.98 34.98 78 35 1 151.11 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 20.6 33.99 33.99 48 38 1 151.13 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 20.3 33.50 33.50 47 36 18 151.14 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 19.9 32.84 32.84 77 33 15 151.15 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 19.4 32.01 32.01 38 25 6 151.17 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 19.2 31.68 31.68 45 23 5 151.17 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 18.8 31.02 31.02 66 15 1 151.18 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 18.4 30.36 30.36 47 20 1 151.20 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 17.9 29.54 29.54 48 32 1 151.21 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 17.5 28.88 28.88 65 26 8 151.22 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 17.1 28.22 28.22 44 25 1 151.23 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 16.7 27.56 27.56 46 32 10 151.25 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 16.6 27.39 27.39 58 21 1 151.25 0.81 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 15.8 26.07 26.07 33 21 1 151.27 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 15.6 25.74 25.74 42 15 22 151.28 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 14.9 24.59 24.59 73 32 2 151.30 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 14.3 23.60 23.60 32 25 1 151.31 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 14 23.10 23.10 38 23 1 151.32 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 13.8 22.77 22.77 67 33 33 151.33 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 13.2 21.78 21.78 66 32 1 151.35 0.82

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 51

Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 12.7 20.96 20.96 46 27 1 151.36 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 12.3 20.30 20.30 45 24 1 151.37 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 12 19.80 19.80 58 18 0.5 151.38 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 11.6 19.14 19.14 41 22 1 151.39 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 11.3 18.65 18.65 43 21 1 151.40 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 11 18.15 18.15 55 19 1 151.41 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 10.6 17.49 17.49 43 25 1 151.42 0.82 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 10.3 17.00 17.00 42 21 1 151.43 0.83 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 9.8 16.17 16.17 54 18 1 151.45 0.83 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 9.1 15.02 15.02 42 18 1 151.47 0.83 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 8.2 13.53 13.53 42 21 1 151.49 0.83 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 7.6 12.54 12.54 53 26 1 151.51 0.83 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 6.6 10.89 10.89 42 21 1 151.54 0.83 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 6 9.90 9.90 45 20 1 151.56 0.83 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 5.5 9.08 9.08 53 27 1 151.57 0.83 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 5 8.25 8.25 54 26 1 151.58 0.83 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 4.5 7.43 7.43 53 25 2 151.60 0.83 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 4 6.60 6.60 39 33 2 151.61 0.84 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 3.6 5.94 5.94 58 20 3 151.63 0.84 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 2.9 4.79 4.79 75 33 4 151.65 0.84 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 1.4 2.31 2.31 58 21 3 151.69 0.84 Moab Brushy Basin Mbr N38.69924 W109.70521 0.5 0.83 0.83 63 24 1 151.72 0.84

Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27740 W109.94313 280 462.00 7.43 30 15 2 276.31 0.55 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27593 W109.94111 262.8 433.62 -20.96 33 21 1 277.72 0.58 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27593 W109.94111 262.3 432.80 -21.78 42 18 2 277.76 0.58 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27593 W109.94111 262 432.30 -22.28 46 22 3 277.79 0.58 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27593 W109.94111 260.2 429.33 -25.25 42 16 1 277.94 0.58 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27423 W109.93973 257 424.05 -30.53 32 17 2 278.20 0.59 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27423 W109.93973 256.6 423.39 -31.19 36 18 2 278.23 0.59 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27423 W109.93973 256.3 422.90 -31.68 56 20 4 278.26 0.59 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27666 W109.93923 247 407.55 -47.03 24 12 1 279.02 0.61 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27666 W109.93923 240.2 396.33 -58.25 61 22 3 279.58 0.62 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27666 W109.93923 239 394.35 -60.23 34 42 4 279.68 0.62 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27666 W109.93923 238.6 393.69 -60.89 36 25 3 279.71 0.62 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27666 W109.93923 237.9 392.54 -62.04 25 9 1 279.77 0.62 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27666 W109.93923 237.6 392.04 -62.54 29 13 1 279.79 0.62 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27666 W109.93923 237.2 391.38 -63.20 35 12 1 279.83 0.62 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27666 W109.93923 232.5 383.63 -70.95 33 11 1 280.21 0.63 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27666 W109.93923 232.3 383.30 -71.28 37 10 1 280.23 0.63 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27666 W109.93923 229.8 379.17 -75.41 43 24 1 280.44 0.63 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27666 W109.93923 229.7 379.01 -75.57 37 16 2 280.44 0.63 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27714 W109.93687 209 344.85 -109.73 51 18 2 282.14 0.67 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27623 W109.93831 192 316.80 -137.78 26 6 1 283.54 0.70 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27623 W109.93831 182.6 301.29 -153.29 17 7 1 284.31 0.71 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27623 W109.93831 182.2 300.63 -153.95 28 11 1 284.35 0.71 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27623 W109.93831 181.8 299.97 -154.61 40 10 1 284.38 0.71 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27623 W109.93831 181.2 298.98 -155.60 30 16 2 284.43 0.71 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27623 W109.93831 180.6 297.99 -156.59 35 30 1 284.48 0.71 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27263 W109.93711 143.2 236.28 -218.30 36 9 2 287.55 0.78 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27263 W109.93711 142.5 235.13 -219.45 38 11 1 287.61 0.78 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27263 W109.93711 138.5 228.53 -226.05 48 12 1 287.94 0.78 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27454 W109.93694 118 194.70 -259.88 42 13 2 289.62 0.82 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27291 W109.93666 104.5 172.43 -282.15 42 12 2 290.73 0.84 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27291 W109.93666 101.2 166.98 -287.60 54 18 1 291.00 0.85 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27291 W109.93666 94 155.10 -299.48 57 16 1 291.59 0.86 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27291 W109.93666 93.5 154.28 -300.30 37 22 1 291.63 0.86 Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27291 W109.93666 92.2 152.13 -302.45 35 32 2 291.74 0.86

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 52

Moki Dug. Cedar Mesa F. N37.27291 W109.93666 91.2 150.48 -304.10 29 7 1 291.82 0.86 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27145 W109.93674 90.3 149.00 -305.58 96 37 1 291.90 0.86 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27145 W109.93674 89.4 147.51 -307.07 42 41 1 291.97 0.87 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27145 W109.93674 88.9 146.69 -307.89 32 14 2 292.01 0.87 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27145 W109.93674 88.5 146.03 -308.55 30 15 1 292.05 0.87 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27145 W109.93674 86.5 142.73 -311.85 30 10 1 292.21 0.87 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27145 W109.93674 86 141.90 -312.68 35 12 1 292.25 0.87 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 79.8 131.67 -322.91 29 9 0.05 292.76 0.88 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 78.2 129.03 -325.55 49 14 1 292.89 0.88 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 77.6 128.04 -326.54 51 12 1 292.94 0.88 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 76.9 126.89 -327.69 40 14 1 293.00 0.89 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 76.4 126.06 -328.52 41 15 1 293.04 0.89 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 75.8 125.07 -329.51 32 10 1 293.09 0.89 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 75.4 124.41 -330.17 36 15 1 293.12 0.89 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 75 123.75 -330.83 31 36 4 293.16 0.89 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 73.9 121.94 -332.64 32 14 1 293.25 0.89 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 73.5 121.28 -333.30 34 12 1 293.28 0.89 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 72.8 120.12 -334.46 38 32 2 293.34 0.89 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 72.4 119.46 -335.12 39 30 2 293.37 0.89 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 72 118.80 -335.78 43 25 2 293.40 0.89 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 71.6 118.14 -336.44 51 34 2 293.43 0.89 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 71.2 117.48 -337.10 46 13 1 293.47 0.90 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 70.5 116.33 -338.25 42 12 1 293.52 0.90 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 69.8 115.17 -339.41 38 11 1 293.58 0.90 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 69.3 114.35 -340.23 32 18 1 293.62 0.90 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 68.4 112.86 -341.72 44 14 1 293.70 0.90 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 68 112.20 -342.38 40 12 1 293.73 0.90 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 66.4 109.56 -345.02 34 16 1 293.86 0.90 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 65.9 108.74 -345.84 39 14 1 293.90 0.90 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 65.3 107.75 -346.83 45 24 1 293.95 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 64.6 106.59 -347.99 46 22 1 294.01 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 64 105.60 -348.98 44 16 0.5 294.06 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 63.6 104.94 -349.64 41 18 0.5 294.09 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 63.3 104.45 -350.13 51 22 2 294.12 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 62.6 103.29 -351.29 29 13 1 294.17 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 62.3 102.80 -351.78 28 12 1 294.20 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 61.8 101.97 -352.61 35 17 1 294.24 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 61.4 101.31 -353.27 39 18 1 294.27 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 60.9 100.49 -354.09 38 21 1 294.31 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 60.5 99.83 -354.75 42 24 1 294.35 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 60 99.00 -355.58 31 13 1 294.39 0.91 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 50.6 83.49 -371.09 36 14 1 295.16 0.93 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 50.4 83.16 -371.42 32 12 1 295.18 0.93 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 50.1 82.67 -371.91 56 34 1 295.20 0.93 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 49.6 81.84 -372.74 51 38 2 295.24 0.93 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 48.6 80.19 -374.39 37 10 1 295.32 0.93 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 48.3 79.70 -374.88 38 12 1 295.35 0.93 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 47.8 78.87 -375.71 44 22 0.5 295.39 0.93 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 47.4 78.21 -376.37 42 20 0.5 295.42 0.93 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 46.6 76.89 -377.69 37 16 1 295.49 0.94 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 46.1 76.07 -378.51 41 18 2 295.53 0.94 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 45.5 75.08 -379.50 44 20 1 295.58 0.94 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 44.3 73.10 -381.48 91 42 2 295.68 0.94 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 43.5 71.78 -382.80 82 36 4 295.74 0.94 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 42.8 70.62 -383.96 72 34 2 295.80 0.94 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 42 69.30 -385.28 35 12 2 295.87 0.94 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 41.9 69.14 -385.44 27 9 1 295.87 0.94

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 53

Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 41.5 68.48 -386.10 28 10 1 295.91 0.94 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 41 67.65 -386.93 25 8 1 295.95 0.95 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 38.3 63.20 -391.38 29 12 1 296.17 0.95 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 37.8 62.37 -392.21 34 15 1 296.21 0.95 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 37.5 61.88 -392.70 38 18 1 296.24 0.95 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 37 61.05 -393.53 42 21 1 296.28 0.95 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 36.6 60.39 -394.19 29 15 1 296.31 0.95 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 36.3 59.90 -394.68 41 21 2 296.34 0.95 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 35.8 59.07 -395.51 38 25 2 296.38 0.95 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 35.1 57.92 -396.66 33 18 1 296.43 0.95 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.27048 W109.93691 34.6 57.09 -397.49 32 20 2 296.47 0.96 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 33.3 54.95 -399.63 45 22 2 296.58 0.96 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 32.8 54.12 -400.46 44 26 1 296.62 0.96 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 32.4 53.46 -401.12 28 29 3 296.66 0.96 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 31.9 52.64 -401.94 32 15 1 296.70 0.96 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 31.6 52.14 -402.44 31 14 1 296.72 0.96 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 30.7 50.66 -403.92 29 10 1 296.80 0.96 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 30.1 49.67 -404.91 30 12 1 296.84 0.96 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 28.7 47.36 -407.22 32 14 1 296.96 0.97 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 28.3 46.70 -407.88 32 15 2 296.99 0.97 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 27 44.55 -410.03 93 42 4 297.10 0.97 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 25.9 42.74 -411.84 27 8 1 297.19 0.97 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 25.6 42.24 -412.34 38 10 2 297.21 0.97 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 25 41.25 -413.33 34 14 3 297.26 0.97 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 24.5 40.43 -414.15 45 23 1 297.30 0.97 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 24 39.60 -414.98 23 14 2 297.35 0.97 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 23.6 38.94 -415.64 36 22 2 297.38 0.97 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 22.9 37.79 -416.79 31 12 2 297.44 0.98 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 22.6 37.29 -417.29 45 22 1 297.46 0.98 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 21.9 36.14 -418.44 42 36 2 297.52 0.98 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 20.4 33.66 -420.92 33 12 1 297.64 0.98 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 19.8 32.67 -421.91 46 21 1 297.69 0.98 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 19.2 31.68 -422.90 44 16 3 297.74 0.98 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 18.8 31.02 -423.56 31 22 1 297.77 0.98 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 18.2 30.03 -424.55 39 25 3 297.82 0.98 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 17.6 29.04 -425.54 38 29 2 297.87 0.98 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 17.1 28.22 -426.36 34 27 2 297.91 0.98 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 16.5 27.23 -427.35 32 25 1 297.96 0.99 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 15.6 25.74 -428.84 28 8 2 298.04 0.99 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 15.2 25.08 -429.50 37 29 2 298.07 0.99 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 14.6 24.09 -430.49 36 16 3 298.12 0.99 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 14 23.10 -431.48 31 15 1 298.17 0.99 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 13.3 21.95 -432.63 59 31 2 298.22 0.99 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 12.8 21.12 -433.46 44 36 1 298.27 0.99 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 11 18.15 -436.43 42 15 2 298.41 0.99 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26963 W109.93722 10.4 17.16 -437.42 31 8 1 298.46 1.00 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26873 W109.93541 9.4 15.51 -439.07 38 14 2 298.55 1.00 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26873 W109.93541 8.3 13.70 -440.88 28 8 1 298.64 1.00 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26873 W109.93541 6.5 10.73 -443.85 36 14 2 298.78 1.00 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26627 W109.93490 5.2 8.58 -446.00 41 15 2 298.89 1.00 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26627 W109.93490 4.6 7.59 -446.99 52 20 2 298.94 1.01 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26671 W109.93417 4 6.60 -447.98 62 42 10 298.99 1.01 Moki Dug. Halgaito Shale N37.26627 W109.93490 0.8 1.32 -453.26 37 12 0.8 299.25 1.01 Montez.Cr Morrison Form. N37.32433 W109.31942 27.8 45.87 -1.98 48 27 2 146.31 0.32 Montez.Cr Morrison Form. N37.32433 W109.31942 27.4 45.21 -2.64 46 24 2 146.33 0.32 Montez.Cr Morrison Form. N37.32433 W109.31942 14 23.10 -24.75 54 23 2 147.18 0.34 Montez.Cr Morrison Form. N37.32433 W109.31942 12.8 21.12 -26.73 47 24 2 147.26 0.35

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 54

Montez.Cr Morrison Form. N37.32433 W109.31942 12.2 20.13 -27.72 42 18 2 147.30 0.35 Montez.Cr Morrison Form. N37.32433 W109.31942 11.8 19.47 -28.38 52 23 1 147.32 0.35 Montez.Cr Morrison Form. N37.32433 W109.31942 10.7 17.66 -30.20 45 18 0.5 147.39 0.35 Montez.Cr Morrison Form. N37.32433 W109.31942 10.4 17.16 -30.69 57 24 0.5 147.41 0.35 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.20107 W111.24686 93.6 154.44 179.54 130 55 2 66.11 1.23 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.20107 W111.24686 87.4 144.21 169.31 110 57 0.8 66.37 1.24 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.20107 W111.24686 86.7 143.06 168.16 125 54 1 66.40 1.24 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.20107 W111.24686 83.2 137.28 162.38 120 62 3 66.54 1.25 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 81 133.65 158.75 130 54 4 66.63 1.25 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 77.7 128.21 153.31 110 46 2 66.77 1.26 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 76.8 126.72 151.82 95 42 1 66.80 1.26 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 76 125.40 150.50 81 34 1 66.84 1.26 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 74.8 123.42 148.52 83 52 1.5 66.89 1.26 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 74.2 122.43 147.53 78 45 1.2 66.91 1.26 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 73.4 121.11 146.21 85 51 0.9 66.94 1.26 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 72.3 119.30 144.40 72 35 0.8 66.99 1.27 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 71.4 117.81 142.91 81 52 0.6 67.03 1.27 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 70.8 116.82 141.92 87 65 1.7 67.05 1.27 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 69.7 115.01 140.11 67 32 0.7 67.10 1.27 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 69 113.85 138.95 76 38 0.8 67.13 1.27 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 68 112.20 137.30 44 52 1 67.17 1.27 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 66.2 109.23 134.33 57 25 1 67.24 1.28 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 65.2 107.58 132.68 76 51 0.4 67.28 1.28 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 63 103.95 129.05 77 52 0.7 67.37 1.28 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 61 100.65 125.75 72 37 2 67.46 1.28 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 59.3 97.85 122.95 58 30 1 67.53 1.29 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 58.5 96.53 121.63 55 52 2 67.56 1.29 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 57.7 95.21 120.31 75 52 3 67.59 1.29 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 57 94.05 119.15 72 58 1 67.62 1.29 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 56 92.40 117.50 53 36 2 67.66 1.29 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 54.3 89.60 114.70 49 38 0.6 67.73 1.30 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 53.7 88.61 113.71 66 25 1 67.76 1.30 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 52.4 86.46 111.56 52 51 3 67.81 1.30 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 51.8 85.47 110.57 63 54 4 67.84 1.30 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 50.6 83.49 108.59 54 53 4 67.89 1.30 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19869 W111.24712 49.4 81.51 106.61 55 52 3 67.93 1.30 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 47.5 78.38 103.48 38 47 1.2 68.01 1.31 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 46.6 76.89 101.99 75 48 0.5 68.05 1.31 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 42 69.30 94.40 82 41 2 68.24 1.32 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 40.8 67.32 92.42 85 48 1 68.29 1.32 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 40 66.00 91.10 75 42 2 68.32 1.32 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 39.1 64.52 89.62 47 18 1 68.36 1.32 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 38.7 63.86 88.96 52 24 1.2 68.38 1.32 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 38 62.70 87.80 82 54 1 68.41 1.32 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 36.7 60.56 85.66 78 45 0.9 68.46 1.32 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 32.2 53.13 78.23 81 48 0.8 68.64 1.33 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 31.3 51.65 76.75 77 53 0.6 68.68 1.33 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 29 47.85 72.95 72 52 2 68.78 1.34 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 28.4 46.86 71.96 50 32 1 68.80 1.34 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 27.8 45.87 70.97 74 51 0.9 68.83 1.34 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 27 44.55 69.65 51 35 0.7 68.86 1.34 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 26.2 43.23 68.33 72 55 0.4 68.89 1.34 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 20.8 34.32 59.42 61 17 2 69.11 1.35 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 20.4 33.66 58.76 66 22 1 69.13 1.35 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 19.2 31.68 56.78 62 24 2 69.18 1.35 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 18.2 30.03 55.13 48 23 1.5 69.22 1.35 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 17.8 29.37 54.47 72 54 0.7 69.24 1.36

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 55

N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19459 W111.24970 17 28.05 53.15 78 62 0.5 69.27 1.36 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19284 W111.24297 13.5 22.28 47.38 35 44 4 69.42 1.36 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19284 W111.24297 12.6 20.79 45.89 72 75 3 69.45 1.36 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19284 W111.24297 11.9 19.64 44.74 65 68 4 69.48 1.37 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19284 W111.24297 10.5 17.33 42.43 36 45 3 69.54 1.37 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19284 W111.24297 9.2 15.18 40.28 77 65 2 69.59 1.37 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19284 W111.24297 6.6 10.89 35.99 35 67 4 69.70 1.37 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19284 W111.24297 2.8 4.62 29.72 65 82 8 69.86 1.38 N. Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.19284 W111.24297 1.5 2.48 27.58 75 65 10 69.91 1.38 N.Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.20872 W111.24388 159.7 263.51 288.61 57 44 2 63.38 1.12 N.Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.20872 W111.24388 159.1 262.52 287.62 63 54 3 63.41 1.12 N.Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.20872 W111.24388 158.5 261.53 286.63 74 39 1 63.43 1.12 N.Horn Mt North Horn F. N39.20872 W111.24388 158 260.70 285.80 95 46 2 63.46 1.12

Notom Dakota Formation N38.25652 W111.09408 122 195.32 165.49 78 35 18 111.80 0.79 Notom Dakota Formation N38.25652 W111.09408 121.5 194.52 164.84 81 30 11 112.20 0.79 Notom Dakota Formation N38.25652 W111.09408 121.1 193.88 164.32 108 35 21 112.51 0.79 Notom Mussentuchit M. N38.25652 W111.09408 118 188.92 160.28 110 18 7 114.95 0.80 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 116 185.71 157.68 42 17 7 134.07 0.80 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 115.6 185.07 157.16 39 25 8 134.24 0.80 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 115.3 184.59 156.77 57 21 5 134.36 0.80 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 114.7 183.63 155.98 47 18 6 134.62 0.80 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 114.4 183.15 155.59 54 17 7 134.74 0.80 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 113.9 182.35 154.94 37 35 12 134.95 0.81 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 113.3 181.39 154.16 35 18 10 135.21 0.81 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 112.7 180.43 153.38 52 13 15 135.46 0.81 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 112.3 179.79 152.86 58 12 12 135.63 0.81 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 112 179.31 152.47 28 9 4 135.76 0.81 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 99.8 159.78 136.58 49 25 7 140.90 0.83 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 99.6 159.46 136.32 44 21 4 140.99 0.83 Notom Yellow Cat Mbr N38.25652 W111.09408 99.3 158.98 135.93 48 26 8 141.11 0.83 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 91.7 146.81 126.04 93 9 2 150.18 0.84 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 91.2 146.01 125.39 140 15 0.5 150.20 0.84 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 90 144.09 123.82 77 9 5 150.26 0.84 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 85.1 136.24 117.44 88 17 1 150.49 0.85 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 84.1 134.64 116.14 83 11 2 150.54 0.85 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 83.8 134.16 115.75 79 15 3 150.56 0.85 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 82.7 132.40 114.32 82 12 1 150.61 0.86 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 81.9 131.12 113.28 91 14 12 150.65 0.86 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 80.8 129.36 111.84 85 10 8 150.70 0.86 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 73 116.87 101.69 95 15 0.8 151.08 0.87 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 72.5 116.07 101.04 92 13 1.3 151.10 0.87 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 62.2 99.58 87.62 110 14 1 151.60 0.89 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 61.5 98.46 86.71 125 15 2 151.63 0.89 Notom Brushy Basin Mbr N38.25123 W111.10054 60.2 96.38 85.02 125 9 0.3 151.69 0.89 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 52 83.25 74.34 105 9 1 152.09 0.90 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 50.9 81.49 72.91 91 14 2 152.14 0.91 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 50.2 80.37 72.00 95 12 9 152.18 0.91 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 49.7 79.57 71.35 53 16 8 152.20 0.91 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 49.3 78.93 70.83 52 12 12 152.22 0.91 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 48.8 78.13 70.18 110 15 1 152.24 0.91 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 47.8 76.53 68.87 63 12 3 152.29 0.91 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 47.2 75.57 68.09 46 18 4 152.32 0.91 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 46.4 74.29 67.05 54 12 3 152.36 0.91 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 45.7 73.17 66.14 58 16 2 152.39 0.91 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 45.1 72.20 65.36 53 17 4 152.42 0.92 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 43.8 70.12 63.67 72 10 3 152.48 0.92 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 43 68.84 62.62 37 18 1 152.52 0.92

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 56

Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 42.6 68.20 62.10 42 21 2 152.54 0.92 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 42.2 67.56 61.58 68 15 3 152.56 0.92 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 40.5 64.84 59.37 42 19 2 152.64 0.92 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 40 64.04 58.72 65 16 3 152.67 0.92 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 39.2 62.76 57.68 37 18 0.8 152.71 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 38.7 61.96 57.03 42 21 1.2 152.73 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 38.3 61.32 56.51 67 10 1 152.75 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 37.7 60.36 55.72 45 12 2 152.78 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 37.2 59.56 55.07 58 21 3 152.80 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 36.8 58.92 54.55 33 17 2 152.82 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 36.6 58.60 54.29 35 16 1 152.83 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 36.2 57.96 53.77 56 15 3 152.85 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 35.6 57.00 52.99 38 18 2 152.88 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 35.3 56.51 52.60 41 25 4 152.89 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 35 56.03 52.21 77 18 1 152.91 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 34.2 54.75 51.17 58 21 3 152.95 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 33.8 54.11 50.65 37 16 2 152.97 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 33.3 53.31 49.99 41 18 2 152.99 0.93 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 32.9 52.67 49.47 63 33 2 153.01 0.94 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 32.5 52.03 48.95 42 18 3 153.03 0.94 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 31 49.63 47.00 62 31 4 153.10 0.94 Notom Salt Wash Mbr N38.24995 W111.10469 30.5 48.83 46.35 44 18 3 153.13 0.94 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 27 43.23 41.79 45 21 4 153.29 0.94 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 26.5 42.43 41.14 36 18 2 153.32 0.95 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 26 41.63 40.49 66 33 4 153.34 0.95 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 25.4 40.67 39.71 38 19 3 153.37 0.95 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 24.9 39.86 39.06 46 21 4 153.39 0.95 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 24.6 39.38 38.67 62 33 2 153.41 0.95 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 21.5 34.42 34.63 42 21 4 153.56 0.95 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 20.8 33.30 33.72 54 18 3 153.59 0.95 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 20 32.02 32.68 41 22 5 153.63 0.96 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 13 20.81 23.56 31 25 8 153.97 0.97 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 12.5 20.01 22.91 49 17 4 153.99 0.97 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 4 6.40 11.84 55 28 4 154.40 0.98 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 3.6 5.76 11.32 47 22 3 154.42 0.98 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 3.2 5.12 10.80 54 26 5 154.44 0.98 Notom Tidwell Member N38.24677 W111.10974 2.5 4.00 9.89 47 23 2 154.47 0.98 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 36 59.40 59.40 48 27 3 159.46 2.88 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 33.2 54.78 54.78 45 20 2 159.98 2.88 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 32.4 53.46 53.46 51 31 2 160.13 2.88 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 32 52.80 52.80 43 24 3 160.21 2.88 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 31.2 51.48 51.48 46 25 1 160.36 2.88 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 30.6 50.49 50.49 42 26 1 160.47 2.89 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 29.8 49.17 49.17 36 14 2 160.62 2.89 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 29.1 48.02 48.02 34 12 2 160.75 2.89 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 27.3 45.05 45.05 44 21 1 161.09 2.89 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 25.6 42.24 42.24 47 25 1 161.41 2.89 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 25.3 41.75 41.75 32 10 3 161.46 2.89 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 21.7 35.81 35.81 44 24 2 162.14 2.90 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 19.8 32.67 32.67 45 26 2 162.49 2.90 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 19.3 31.85 31.85 44 18 2 162.59 2.90 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 19 31.35 31.35 35 16 1 162.64 2.90 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 18.7 30.86 30.86 39 15 1 162.70 2.91 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 18.3 30.20 30.20 47 21 3 162.77 2.91 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 17.7 29.21 29.21 41 18 1 162.89 2.91 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 16.9 27.89 27.89 32 11 0.5 163.04 2.91 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 13.4 22.11 22.11 33 10 0.5 163.69 2.91

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 57

Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 12.3 20.30 20.30 34 8 0.5 163.90 2.92 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 11 18.15 18.15 84 32 0.5 164.14 2.92 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 8.4 13.86 13.86 38 9 0.5 164.63 2.92 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 8.2 13.53 13.53 34 8 0.5 164.66 2.92 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 7.8 12.87 12.87 36 10 0.5 164.74 2.92 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 7.4 12.21 12.21 34 8 0.5 164.81 2.92 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 6.2 10.23 10.23 29 6 1 165.04 2.93 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 5.3 8.75 8.75 38 9 1 165.21 2.93 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 4.4 7.26 7.26 41 12 1 165.38 2.93 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 2.5 4.13 4.13 47 13 2 165.73 2.93 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 1.7 2.81 2.81 48 12 1 165.88 2.93 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 1 1.65 1.65 53 20 3 166.01 2.93 Paria Winsor Member N37.09034 W111.89095 0.6 0.99 0.99 62 31 2 166.09 2.94

Parleys Cy Stanamaker Mbr N40.71222 W111.791400 64 37.84 146.84 82 28 1 201.54 5.96 Parleys Cy Stanamaker Mbr N40.71222 W111.791400 61.5 36.37 145.37 75 24 1 201.71 5.96 Parleys Cy Stanamaker Mbr N40.71222 W111.791400 60.1 35.54 144.54 36 16 1 201.80 5.96 Parleys Cy Stanamaker Mbr N40.71222 W111.791400 58.5 34.59 143.59 38 15 1 201.91 5.97 Parleys Cy Stanamaker Mbr N40.71222 W111.791400 56 33.11 142.11 39 20 1 202.08 5.97 Parleys Cy Stanamaker Mbr N40.71222 W111.791400 38 22.47 131.47 38 21 1 203.29 5.98 Parleys Cy Stanamaker Mbr N40.71222 W111.791400 36 21.29 130.29 35 17 2 203.42 5.98 Parleys Cy Stanamaker Mbr N40.71222 W111.791400 31 18.33 127.33 33 18 1 203.76 5.98 Parleys Cy Stanamaker Mbr N40.71222 W111.791400 29.5 17.44 126.44 27 12 3 203.86 5.98 Parleys Cy Stanamaker Mbr N40.71222 W111.791400 28 16.56 125.56 46 27 1 203.96 5.98 Parleys Cy Stanamaker Mbr N40.71222 W111.791400 22.5 13.30 122.30 34 21 3 204.33 5.99 Parleys Cy Gartra Member N40.70979 W111.79470 135.3 80.00 -10.00 84 37 1 219.39 5.92 Parleys Cy Gartra Member N40.70979 W111.79470 137 81.01 -8.99 81 42 8 219.27 5.92 Parleys Cy Gartra Member N40.70979 W111.79470 138.3 81.78 -8.22 72 27 1 219.19 5.92 Parleys Cy Gartra Member N40.70979 W111.79470 142 83.97 -6.03 52 17 2 218.94 5.92 Parleys Cy Gartra Member N40.70979 W111.79470 143.3 84.73 -5.27 49 16 1 218.85 5.91 Parleys Cy Gartra Member N40.70979 W111.79470 146 86.33 -3.67 54 19 1 218.67 5.91 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 225 133.04 3.04 46 27 1 217.90 5.87 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 237 140.14 10.14 45 26 1 217.10 5.86 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 244 144.28 14.28 37 21 5 216.63 5.86 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 245.3 145.05 15.05 38 23 6 216.54 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 246.5 145.76 15.76 53 17 2 216.46 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 248 146.64 16.64 54 32 1 216.36 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 249.5 147.53 17.53 46 25 8 216.25 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 251 148.42 18.42 48 27 10 216.15 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 252.5 149.31 19.31 49 30 6 216.05 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 257.5 152.26 22.26 58 32 2 215.72 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 259 153.15 23.15 49 31 1 215.62 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 260 153.74 23.74 44 27 1 215.55 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 261.5 154.63 24.63 49 32 1 215.45 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 263 155.51 25.51 54 38 1 215.35 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 264.5 156.40 26.40 56 31 1 215.25 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 265.8 157.17 27.17 52 30 1 215.16 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 267.6 158.23 28.23 55 28 1 215.04 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 269 159.06 29.06 48 27 1 214.94 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 270.3 159.83 29.83 47 24 1 214.86 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 271.5 160.54 30.54 64 38 2 214.77 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 272.2 160.95 30.95 48 27 1 214.73 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 273.4 161.66 31.66 45 23 1 214.65 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 275.6 162.96 32.96 47 25 1 214.50 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70935 W111.79795 282 166.75 36.75 64 23 1 214.07 5.83 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 101.5 60.02 237.88 53 12 1 236.95 5.94 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 114 67.41 242.84 66 28 2 236.74 5.93 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 117 69.18 244.04 62 24 1 236.68 5.93

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 58

Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 120 70.96 245.23 56 22 1 236.63 5.93 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 123.5 73.03 246.62 56 24 2 236.57 5.93 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 130 76.87 249.20 54 21 1 236.46 5.92 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 131.7 77.88 249.87 57 25 2 236.43 5.92 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 133 78.64 250.39 54 23 1 236.41 5.92 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 134 79.24 250.78 52 26 1 236.39 5.92 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 135.6 80.18 251.42 61 28 1 236.36 5.92 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 137 81.01 251.97 54 22 1 236.34 5.92 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70695 W111.79622 225 133.04 286.90 44 18 2 234.82 5.87 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 138.7 82.01 315.35 63 25 1 233.58 5.92 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 140 82.78 315.86 52 21 1 233.56 5.92 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 141.8 83.85 316.58 63 24 1 233.53 5.92 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 150.4 88.93 319.99 51 20 1 233.38 5.91 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 152 89.88 320.63 54 21 2 233.35 5.91 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 154.6 91.42 321.66 62 28 1 233.31 5.91 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 159 94.02 323.40 63 29 1 233.23 5.91 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 164.5 97.27 325.59 54 21 1 233.14 5.90 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 167 98.75 326.58 63 27 1 233.09 5.90 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 168.8 99.81 327.29 58 25 1 233.06 5.90 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 170.3 100.70 327.89 64 23 1 233.04 5.90 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 172 101.70 328.56 61 25 1 233.01 5.90 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 173.4 102.53 329.12 59 21 1 232.98 5.90 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 175 103.48 329.75 61 24 1 232.96 5.90 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 178 105.25 330.95 62 23 1 232.90 5.89 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 181 107.03 332.14 60 22 1 232.85 5.89 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 186 109.98 334.12 58 20 1 232.77 5.89 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 188 111.17 334.91 57 19 1 232.73 5.89 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70523 W111.79548 192 113.53 336.50 21 23 1 232.66 5.89 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70695 W111.79622 246 145.46 357.93 54 21 1 231.73 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70695 W111.79622 258.5 152.85 362.89 66 31 1 231.51 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70695 W111.79622 260.3 153.92 363.61 63 30 1 231.48 5.85 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70695 W111.79622 267 157.88 366.27 58 25 1 231.37 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70695 W111.79622 268.6 158.83 366.90 57 23 1 231.34 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70695 W111.79622 271 160.24 367.86 59 24 1 231.30 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70695 W111.79622 274 162.02 369.05 61 23 1 231.25 5.84 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70695 W111.79622 279 164.97 371.03 62 29 1 231.16 5.83 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70695 W111.79622 280.5 165.86 371.63 54 27 1 231.13 5.83 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70695 W111.79622 283.4 167.58 372.78 56 26 1 231.08 5.83 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 0.8 0.47 388.32 53 12 1 230.41 6.00 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 2.7 1.60 389.07 54 13 2 230.38 6.00 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 4.5 2.66 389.79 45 8 1 230.34 6.00 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 8 4.73 391.18 43 12 1 230.28 5.99 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 9.9 5.85 391.93 31 8 2 230.25 5.99 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 10.7 6.33 392.25 34 9 1.5 230.24 5.99 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 13.2 7.81 393.24 48 15 1 230.19 5.99 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 14 8.28 393.56 37 11 0.9 230.18 5.99 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 28.9 17.09 399.47 42 9 1 229.92 5.98 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 29.8 17.62 399.83 37 12 1 229.91 5.98 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 31.6 18.69 400.54 37 8 1 229.88 5.98 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 35 20.70 401.89 59 16 1 229.82 5.98 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 37.6 22.23 402.92 62 11 1 229.77 5.98 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 38 22.47 403.08 41 14 1 229.77 5.98 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 43.2 25.54 405.15 52 15 1 229.68 5.97 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 44 26.02 405.46 46 11 1 229.66 5.97 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 45 26.61 405.86 39 9 2 229.65 5.97 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 47 27.79 406.65 49 16 1 229.61 5.97 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 48.1 28.44 407.09 38 10 2 229.59 5.97

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 59

Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 50 29.57 407.84 48 12 3 229.56 5.97 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 54 31.93 409.43 51 13 1 229.49 5.97 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 54.8 32.40 409.75 46 10 1 229.48 5.97 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 56 33.11 410.23 45 11 1 229.46 5.97 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 57.1 33.76 410.66 52 13 1 229.44 5.97 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 58.8 34.77 411.34 46 11 2 229.41 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 59.6 35.24 411.65 57 10 3 229.39 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 61 36.07 412.21 63 22 1 229.37 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 61.7 36.48 412.49 48 11 0.5 229.36 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 67.8 40.09 414.91 49 18 3 229.25 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 68.7 40.62 415.27 45 15 2 229.24 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 69.5 41.10 415.58 49 14 1 229.22 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 70.8 41.86 416.10 64 17 2 229.20 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 71.5 42.28 416.38 54 12 1 229.19 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 72.2 42.69 416.66 51 13 2 229.18 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 73.1 43.22 417.01 62 16 3 229.16 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 74 43.76 417.37 47 13 2 229.14 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 75.1 44.41 417.81 58 14 2 229.13 5.96 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 75.9 44.88 418.12 52 12 2 229.11 5.95 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 98 57.95 426.89 64 21 1 228.73 5.94 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 99.5 58.84 427.49 69 17 2 228.70 5.94 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 101.3 59.90 428.20 63 16 1 228.67 5.94 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 102.1 60.37 428.52 67 15 2 228.66 5.94 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 105.2 62.21 429.75 37 38 8 228.61 5.94 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 106.1 62.74 430.11 38 27 5 228.59 5.94 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 106.8 63.15 430.39 42 25 6 228.58 5.94 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 107.7 63.68 430.74 51 21 7 228.56 5.94 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 109 64.45 431.26 54 19 6 228.54 5.94 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 111.5 65.93 432.25 66 28 1 228.50 5.93 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 122 72.14 436.42 52 33 2 228.32 5.93 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 122.7 72.55 436.70 79 38 2 228.30 5.93 Parleys Cy Mahogany Mbr N40.70809 W111.796190 123.5 73.03 437.02 110 17 1 228.29 5.93

Salina C M.,San Pitch F. N38.93372 W111.79508 none none 96.00 76 16 4 109.63 4.70 Salina C M.,San Pitch F. N38.93372 W111.79508 none none 95.00 69 17 5 109.68 4.70 Salina C M.,San Pitch F. N38.93372 W111.79508 none none 86.00 68 17 6 110.13 4.71 Salina C M.,San Pitch F. N38.93372 W111.79508 none none 85.00 72 16 4 110.18 4.71 Salina C M.,San Pitch F. N38.93372 W111.79508 none none 84.00 69 18 8 110.23 4.71 Salina C M.,San Pitch F. N38.93372 W111.79508 none none 54.00 84 12 1 111.71 4.74 Salina C M.,San Pitch F. N38.93372 W111.79508 none none 38.00 81 19 3 112.50 4.76 Salina C M.,San Pitch F. N38.93372 W111.79508 none none 37.00 78 21 1.5 112.55 4.76 Salina C M.,San Pitch F. N38.93372 W111.79508 none none 36.00 72 14 0.9 112.60 4.76

Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 139.6 229.46 248.26 52 16 3 239.63 0.79 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 137.6 226.18 245.39 53 14 4 239.72 0.79 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 136.1 223.71 243.24 51 18 3 239.79 0.79 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 134.2 220.59 240.51 38 15 2 239.88 0.80 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 130 213.68 234.48 78 14 3 240.07 0.80 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 126.2 207.44 229.02 45 15 1 240.25 0.81 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 125.9 206.94 228.59 48 16 2 240.26 0.81 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 125.4 206.12 227.87 58 14 2 240.28 0.81 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 124.6 204.81 226.72 48 10 1 240.32 0.81 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 124.2 204.15 226.15 31 10 1 240.34 0.81 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 123.7 203.33 225.43 55 12 2 240.36 0.81 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 122.9 202.01 224.28 48 10 1 240.40 0.81 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 121.4 199.55 222.13 34 11 1 240.47 0.82 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 120.8 198.56 221.27 47 12 2 240.50 0.82 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 120.3 197.74 220.55 35 15 3 240.52 0.82 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 118.7 195.11 218.25 46 9 1 240.59 0.82

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 60

Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 118.2 194.29 217.53 54 18 2 240.62 0.82 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 117.5 193.14 216.53 61 14 1 240.65 0.82 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 116.9 192.15 215.67 48 13 3 240.68 0.82 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 116.3 191.16 214.80 57 16 4 240.70 0.83 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 115.7 190.18 213.94 52 18 3 240.73 0.83 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 114.9 188.86 212.79 66 25 4 240.77 0.83 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 114.4 188.04 212.08 58 19 2 240.79 0.83 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 113.3 186.23 210.50 42 14 3 240.84 0.83 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 112.4 184.75 209.20 64 21 4 240.88 0.83 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 111.7 183.60 208.20 51 16 2 240.92 0.83 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 111.2 182.78 207.48 48 12 3 240.94 0.83 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 110.4 181.47 206.33 56 16 2 240.98 0.84 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 109.8 180.48 205.47 46 25 3 241.00 0.84 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 109.2 179.49 204.61 38 26 4 241.03 0.84 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 108.8 178.84 204.03 58 18 1 241.05 0.84 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 108 177.52 202.89 56 16 2 241.09 0.84 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 107.4 176.54 202.02 55 10 1 241.11 0.84 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 106.8 175.55 201.16 48 13 2 241.14 0.84 Salt Cany. Pariott Member N38.55916 W108.928720 106.4 174.89 200.59 52 11 1 241.16 0.84 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 105 172.59 198.58 49 12 1 241.23 0.84 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 104.4 171.60 197.72 54 16 1 241.25 0.85 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 103.6 170.29 196.57 47 13 1 241.29 0.85 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 103.1 169.47 195.85 53 15 1 241.31 0.85 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 102.7 168.81 195.28 48 17 7 241.33 0.85 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 101.8 167.33 193.98 57 16 1 241.37 0.85 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 101.2 166.34 193.12 51 13 1 241.40 0.85 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 98.5 161.91 189.24 56 16 1 241.53 0.86 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 97.7 160.59 188.10 48 10 2 241.56 0.86 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 97.3 159.93 187.52 51 9 1 241.58 0.86 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 96.7 158.95 186.66 52 10 1 241.61 0.86 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 89.5 147.11 176.32 67 15 1 241.94 0.87 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 87.7 144.15 173.74 74 11 1 242.03 0.87 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 86.8 142.68 172.44 67 8 1 242.07 0.87 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 86.6 142.35 172.16 72 10 1 242.08 0.87 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 85.8 141.03 171.01 74 12 1 242.11 0.88 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 85.2 140.05 170.15 55 16 1 242.14 0.88 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 84.4 138.73 169.00 51 9 2 242.18 0.88 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 84.1 138.24 168.57 37 15 1 242.19 0.88 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 83.6 137.42 167.85 31 12 2 242.22 0.88 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 83.3 136.92 167.42 36 18 1 242.23 0.88 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 83 136.43 166.99 41 25 1 242.24 0.88 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 82.4 135.44 166.13 32 20 1 242.27 0.88 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 81.3 133.63 164.55 37 11 2 242.32 0.88 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 79.2 130.18 161.53 27 12 1 242.42 0.89 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 78.9 129.69 161.10 31 15 1 242.43 0.89 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 78.6 129.20 160.67 52 18 3 242.45 0.89 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 74.6 122.62 154.93 67 15 2 242.63 0.89 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 73 119.99 152.63 72 18 4 242.71 0.90 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 70.6 116.05 149.18 72 15 1 242.82 0.90 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 70.1 115.22 148.46 67 14 2 242.84 0.90 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 69.6 114.40 147.75 72 15 1 242.86 0.90 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 69 113.42 146.88 62 22 2 242.89 0.90 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 68.5 112.59 146.17 44 25 1 242.91 0.90 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 66.7 109.64 143.58 37 28 1 243.00 0.91 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 64.6 106.18 140.57 36 31 1 243.09 0.91 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 64.1 105.36 139.85 44 33 3 243.12 0.91 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 60 98.62 133.96 35 9 6 243.31 0.92

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 61

Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 59.6 97.97 133.39 38 10 3 243.32 0.92 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 55.6 91.39 127.64 36 8 1 243.51 0.93 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 55.1 90.57 126.92 49 10 2 243.53 0.93 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 53.9 88.60 125.20 48 9 1 243.59 0.93 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 53.4 87.77 124.48 52 10 2 243.61 0.93 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 53 87.12 123.91 41 9 1 243.63 0.93 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 52.7 86.62 123.48 36 8 2 243.64 0.93 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 52.2 85.80 122.76 42 9 1 243.67 0.93 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 51.2 84.16 121.32 41 8 1 243.71 0.93 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 49.9 82.02 119.46 32 7 2 243.77 0.93 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 49.4 81.20 118.74 42 6 1 243.80 0.94 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 48.6 79.88 117.59 37 8 1 243.83 0.94 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 46.8 76.93 115.01 36 10 1 243.92 0.94 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 45.7 75.12 113.43 52 12 1 243.97 0.94 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 45.4 74.62 113.00 47 11 1 243.98 0.94 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 44.8 73.64 112.13 52 12 1 244.01 0.94 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 43 70.68 109.55 56 11 1 244.09 0.95 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 41.9 68.87 107.97 46 9 1 244.14 0.95 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 41.5 68.21 107.40 58 12 1 244.16 0.95 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 40.7 66.90 106.25 57 10 2 244.20 0.95 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 39.1 64.27 103.95 47 8 1 244.27 0.95 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 38.4 63.12 102.94 44 8 1 244.31 0.95 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 37.8 62.13 102.08 48 13 1 244.33 0.95 Salt Cany. Sewemup Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 37.3 61.31 101.36 54 11 1 244.36 0.96 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 33.7 55.39 96.19 56 12 1 244.52 0.96 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 32.9 54.08 95.05 52 11 1 244.56 0.96 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 32.4 53.26 94.33 48 12 1 244.58 0.96 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 32 52.60 93.75 56 10 1 244.60 0.96 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 30.7 50.46 91.89 46 12 1 244.66 0.97 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 29.5 48.49 90.16 51 15 2 244.72 0.97 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 28.7 47.17 89.01 67 11 1 244.75 0.97 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 28 46.02 88.01 79 13 2 244.79 0.97 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 26.7 43.89 86.14 96 12 4 244.85 0.97 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 25.5 41.91 84.42 89 11 1.2 244.90 0.97 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 25 41.09 83.70 62 10 0.6 244.92 0.98 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 23 37.81 80.83 36 12 0.7 245.02 0.98 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 19.8 32.55 76.23 37 8 1 245.17 0.98 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 18.2 29.92 73.94 47 10 1 245.24 0.99 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 16 26.30 70.78 36 10 0.7 245.34 0.99 Salt Cany. Ali Baba Member N38.55916 W108.928720 15.3 25.15 69.77 56 9 1 245.37 0.99 Salt Cany. Tenderfoot Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 2.6 4.27 51.54 26 11 0.8 245.96 1.01 Salt Cany. Tenderfoot Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 2.3 3.78 51.11 36 10 0.5 245.97 1.01 Salt Cany. Tenderfoot Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 0.6 0.99 48.66 24 7 1 246.05 1.02 Salt Cany. Tenderfoot Mbr N38.55916 W108.928720 0.3 0.49 48.23 22 14 3 246.07 1.02 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27517 W109.67842 164 250.90 250.90 46 31 1 272.58 2.69 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27517 W109.67842 162 247.84 247.84 48 30 1 272.82 2.69 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27517 W109.67842 153.5 234.83 234.83 41 20 2 273.81 2.70 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27517 W109.67842 152 232.54 232.54 41 12 2 273.99 2.70 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27517 W109.67842 149 227.95 227.95 31 12 2 274.34 2.71 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27517 W109.67842 146 223.36 223.36 44 18 1 274.69 2.71 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27517 W109.67842 144 220.30 220.30 29 12 1 274.93 2.72 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27517 W109.67842 139 212.65 212.65 46 24 2 275.51 2.72 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27517 W109.67842 135 206.53 206.53 32 16 2 275.98 2.73 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27517 W109.67842 133 203.47 203.47 36 24 3 276.21 2.73 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27517 W109.67842 132 201.94 201.94 37 22 2 276.33 2.73 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27581 W109.68017 116 177.46 177.46 37 24 2 278.21 2.76 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27581 W109.68017 112 171.34 171.34 38 21 2 278.68 2.76

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 62

Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27581 W109.68017 103 157.57 157.57 61 22 3 279.73 2.78 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27629 W109.68072 94.5 144.57 144.57 31 11 1 280.73 2.79 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27629 W109.68072 93 142.28 142.28 34 26 2 280.90 2.79 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27629 W109.68072 90 137.69 137.69 31 21 2 281.25 2.80 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27629 W109.68072 87 133.10 133.10 38 22 2 281.60 2.80 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27629 W109.68072 84.5 129.27 129.27 34 15 1 281.90 2.81 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27629 W109.68072 83.5 127.74 127.74 36 17 1 282.01 2.81 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27629 W109.68072 79 120.86 120.86 46 22 1 282.54 2.82 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27672 W109.68106 69.1 105.71 105.71 36 27 1 283.70 2.83 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27672 W109.68106 68 104.03 104.03 42 31 1 283.83 2.83 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27769 W109.68239 51.5 78.79 78.79 46 17 1 285.76 2.86 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27769 W109.68239 50.5 77.26 77.26 37 12 1 285.88 2.86 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27769 W109.68239 50 76.49 76.49 35 13 1 285.94 2.86 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27769 W109.68239 42.8 65.48 65.48 39 16 1 286.78 2.87 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27769 W109.68239 42 64.25 64.25 48 15 2 286.88 2.87 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27769 W109.68239 41 62.72 62.72 36 13 1 287.00 2.87 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27769 W109.68239 34 52.02 52.02 48 23 2 287.82 2.88 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 29.4 44.98 44.98 37 17 1 288.35 2.89 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 28.5 43.60 43.60 36 15 1 288.46 2.89 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 25 38.25 38.25 45 21 1 288.87 2.90 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 21.8 33.35 33.35 33 12 1 289.25 2.90 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 19.2 29.37 29.37 32 16 1 289.55 2.91 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 17.8 27.23 27.23 32 15 1 289.71 2.91 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 16 24.48 24.48 27 19 1 289.93 2.91 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 12 18.36 18.36 37 22 2 290.39 2.92 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 11 16.83 16.83 36 27 3 290.51 2.92 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 7 10.71 10.71 52 31 1 290.98 2.93 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 5.4 8.26 8.26 48 33 2 291.17 2.93 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 3.6 5.51 5.51 37 22 1 291.38 2.93 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 2 3.06 3.06 26 24 4 291.57 2.93 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 1.6 2.45 2.45 28 33 4 291.61 2.93 Snake Cy Cedar Mesa F. N37.27826 W109.68362 1.1 1.68 1.68 53 27 4 291.67 2.93 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.83555 W111.05816 50 81.70 161.70 34 16 2 155.86 1.22 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.83206 W111.05723 42 68.63 148.63 31 10 1 156.46 1.23 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.83206 W111.05723 41.5 67.81 147.81 33 11 1 156.50 1.23 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84241 W111.09095 41.3 67.48 147.48 62 35 3 156.52 1.23 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84241 W111.09095 40.2 65.68 145.68 55 18 1 156.60 1.23 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84241 W111.09095 39.7 64.87 144.87 47 16 2 156.64 1.23 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 39.3 64.21 144.21 54 18 6 156.67 1.23 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.83206 W111.05723 39.1 63.89 143.89 34 12 2 156.68 1.23 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.83206 W111.05723 38.6 63.07 143.07 32 14 2 156.72 1.23 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 37.9 61.93 141.93 48 17 4 156.77 1.24 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 36.5 59.64 139.64 47 15 4 156.88 1.24 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 36.1 58.99 138.99 42 11 2 156.91 1.24 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 35.2 57.51 137.51 37 12 1 156.98 1.24 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 34.2 55.88 135.88 47 13 2 157.06 1.24 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.83121 W111.05602 34 55.55 135.55 32 12 2 157.07 1.24 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 33 53.92 133.92 46 12 3 157.15 1.24 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 32.5 53.10 133.10 37 10 2 157.18 1.24 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 32 52.29 132.29 39 11 2 157.22 1.24 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 30.8 50.33 130.33 38 10 3 157.31 1.25 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 30.4 49.67 129.67 32 9 2 157.34 1.25 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 30 49.02 129.02 37 12 3 157.37 1.25 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 29.2 47.71 127.71 35 15 3 157.43 1.25 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 27.4 44.77 124.77 33 12 2 157.57 1.25 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 26 42.48 122.48 22 4 0.5 157.68 1.25 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 25.6 41.83 121.83 26 7 1 157.71 1.26

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 63

S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 24.7 40.36 120.36 25 5 2 157.78 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 24.3 39.70 119.70 22 4 0.7 157.81 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 23.5 38.40 118.40 24 6 0.6 157.87 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.82959 W111.05300 23 37.58 117.58 34 13 2 157.90 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.82959 W111.05300 22.5 36.76 116.76 32 15 1 157.94 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 22 35.95 115.95 21 5 0.5 157.98 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.82959 W111.05300 22 35.95 115.95 29 14 1 157.98 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 21.6 35.29 115.29 56 25 1 158.01 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 21.6 35.29 115.29 34 8 1 158.01 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 21.1 34.48 114.48 53 22 3 158.05 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 20.5 33.50 113.50 33 7 1 158.09 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 20.5 33.50 113.50 45 31 2 158.09 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84024 W111.08398 20.3 33.17 113.17 30 6 2 158.11 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 20.1 32.84 112.84 42 33 1 158.12 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 19.7 32.19 112.19 46 35 5 158.15 1.26 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 19.4 31.70 111.70 44 21 6 158.18 1.27 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 17.8 29.08 109.08 36 15 4 158.30 1.27 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 15.8 25.82 105.82 27 7 6 158.45 1.27 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 14.9 24.35 104.35 26 8 7 158.52 1.27 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.829328 W111.05222 13.2 21.57 101.57 32 11 1 158.65 1.28 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 11.2 18.30 98.30 22 7 1 158.80 1.28 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 10.6 17.32 97.32 34 14 6 158.84 1.28 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.82887 W111.09101 5.6 9.15 89.15 34 12 3 159.22 1.29 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.82887 W111.09101 5.2 8.50 88.50 36 14 3 159.25 1.29 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 4.3 7.03 87.03 23 14 3 159.32 1.29 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 2 3.27 83.27 25 16 4 159.50 1.29 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.84456 W111.05851 1.7 2.78 82.78 24 10 2 159.52 1.29 S. Salt W. Summerville F. N38.82832 W111.04984 0.8 1.31 81.31 38 20 7 159.59 1.30 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.68910 W111.84386 253.5 415.98 415.98 67 24 5 75.16 1.92 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.68910 W111.84386 252.7 414.67 414.67 65 17 1 75.17 1.92 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.68617 W111.84273 229.4 376.44 376.44 56 14 2 75.26 1.96 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.68617 W111.84273 226.6 371.84 371.84 48 12 10 75.27 1.96 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.68617 W111.84273 225.7 370.36 370.36 52 11 8 75.27 1.96 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.68617 W111.84273 225 369.22 369.22 63 12 1 75.28 1.96 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63347 W111.84524 203.7 334.26 334.26 66 17 1 75.36 2.00 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63347 W111.84524 203 333.12 333.12 62 21 2 75.36 2.00 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63347 W111.84524 202.8 332.79 332.79 74 29 18 75.36 2.00 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63347 W111.84524 202 331.47 331.47 65 20 15 75.37 2.00 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63347 W111.84524 196 321.63 321.63 67 14 4 75.39 2.01 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63347 W111.84524 194.1 318.51 318.51 66 17 3 75.40 2.01 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63347 W111.84524 193 316.71 316.71 75 18 12 75.40 2.02 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63347 W111.84524 191.2 313.75 313.75 62 11 5 75.41 2.02 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63347 W111.84524 189.7 311.29 311.29 64 12 4 75.42 2.02 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63347 W111.84524 188 308.50 308.50 72 20 1 75.42 2.02 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63347 W111.84524 187.4 307.52 307.52 66 15 1 75.42 2.02 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63193 W111.84593 176.9 290.29 290.29 74 18 1 75.47 2.04 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63193 W111.84593 176.3 289.30 289.30 72 25 1 75.47 2.04 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63003 W111.84814 155.7 255.50 255.50 71 17 1 75.55 2.08 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63003 W111.84814 154.8 254.02 254.02 74 18 1 75.55 2.08 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63003 W111.84814 154.2 253.04 253.04 86 32 1 75.56 2.08 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63003 W111.84814 153.4 251.72 251.72 72 24 1 75.56 2.08 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63003 W111.84814 152.8 250.74 250.74 71 22 1 75.56 2.08 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63003 W111.84814 152.3 249.92 249.92 81 24 1 75.56 2.08 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63003 W111.84814 151.7 248.93 248.93 70 18 0.5 75.57 2.08 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.63003 W111.84814 151.2 248.11 248.11 67 16 0.5 75.57 2.08 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62894 W111.84373 143.7 235.81 235.81 69 18 1 75.60 2.10 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62894 W111.84373 143 234.66 234.66 77 17 1 75.60 2.10

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 64

The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62813 W111.84952 138.8 227.77 227.77 86 37 1 75.62 2.10 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62813 W111.84952 138.4 227.11 227.11 77 22 1 75.62 2.10 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62813 W111.84952 137.5 225.63 225.63 71 20 1 75.62 2.11 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62813 W111.84952 137 224.81 224.81 83 38 1 75.62 2.11 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62813 W111.84952 136.2 223.50 223.50 76 18 1 75.63 2.11 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62813 W111.84952 135.7 222.68 222.68 72 20 1 75.63 2.11 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62588 W111.85115 113.6 186.41 186.41 89 36 2 75.72 2.15 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62588 W111.85115 112.7 184.94 184.94 67 18 1 75.72 2.15 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62588 W111.85115 112.3 184.28 184.28 71 20 1 75.72 2.15 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62489 W111.85189 110.1 180.67 180.67 86 33 1 75.73 2.15 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62489 W111.85189 108.8 178.54 178.54 71 23 1 75.73 2.15 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62489 W111.85189 107.7 176.73 176.73 65 22 1 75.74 2.15 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62489 W111.85189 106.8 175.25 175.25 81 28 1 75.74 2.16 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62489 W111.85189 105.9 173.78 173.78 73 22 1 75.75 2.16 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62489 W111.85189 104.2 170.99 170.99 82 31 1 75.75 2.16 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62436 W111.85240 100.8 165.41 165.41 68 14 1 75.77 2.17 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62436 W111.85240 99.2 162.78 162.78 72 27 1 75.77 2.17 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62328 W111.85665 84.6 138.83 138.83 88 32 1 75.83 2.19 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62328 W111.85665 74.4 122.09 122.09 86 34 1 75.87 2.21 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62328 W111.85665 73.2 120.12 120.12 74 18 1 75.87 2.21 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62328 W111.85665 72 118.15 118.15 71 14 2 75.88 2.21 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.68910 W111.84386 67 109.94 109.94 67 24 5 75.90 2.22 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62233 W111.85939 53.1 87.14 87.14 82 32 1 75.95 2.24 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62233 W111.85939 46.6 76.47 76.47 78 23 1 75.98 2.26 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62233 W111.85939 45.8 75.16 75.16 74 21 1 75.98 2.26 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62233 W111.85939 45 73.84 73.84 83 28 1 75.99 2.26 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62192 W111.86053 40.5 66.46 66.46 82 33 1 76.00 2.27 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62192 W111.86053 39.6 64.98 64.98 75 23 1 76.01 2.27 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62192 W111.86053 38.7 63.51 63.51 73 26 1 76.01 2.27 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62153 W111.86281 27.4 44.96 44.96 78 27 2 76.06 2.29 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62153 W111.86281 26.5 43.49 43.49 72 21 1 76.06 2.29 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62153 W111.86281 25.7 42.17 42.17 86 31 2 76.06 2.29 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62153 W111.86281 24.4 40.04 40.04 67 19 1 76.07 2.29 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62432 W111.86644 17.8 29.21 29.21 86 35 1 76.09 2.30 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62432 W111.86644 17.2 28.22 28.22 77 21 5 76.10 2.30 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62432 W111.86644 15 24.61 24.61 83 28 1 76.10 2.31 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62607 W111.86981 9.2 15.10 15.10 88 37 1 76.13 2.32 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62607 W111.86981 8 13.13 13.13 77 23 1 76.13 2.32 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62607 W111.86981 7.1 11.65 11.65 79 24 1 76.14 2.32 The Blues Kaiparowits F. N37.62607 W111.86981 6.2 10.17 10.17 82 32 1 76.14 2.32

Thistle Gypsum Springs N40.00418 W111.49117 0 121.00 121.00 52 19 1.2 166.21 3.24 Thistle Gypsum Springs N40.00418 W111.49117 0 120.00 120.00 45 12 1 166.22 3.24 Thistle Gypsum Springs N40.00418 W111.49117 0 119.40 119.40 33 25 5 166.23 3.24

Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 41.3 68.15 68.15 38 6 1 216.80 1.58 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 38.7 63.86 63.86 46 17 2 217.59 1.58 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 38.2 63.03 63.03 45 15 2 217.74 1.58 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 37.4 61.71 61.71 52 14 2 217.99 1.58 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 36.9 60.89 60.89 45 11 1 218.14 1.58 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 35 57.75 57.75 41 10 1 218.72 1.59 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 34.1 56.27 56.27 39 8 1 218.99 1.59 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 33.5 55.28 55.28 38 9 1 219.17 1.59 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 33 54.45 54.45 38 15 1 219.32 1.59 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 30.7 50.66 50.66 45 16 1 220.02 1.59 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 30.3 50.00 50.00 42 14 1 220.15 1.60 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 29.2 48.18 48.18 41 13 1 220.48 1.60 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 28.7 47.36 47.36 40 16 1 220.63 1.60 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 28 46.20 46.20 43 19 1 220.85 1.60

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 65

Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 27.5 45.38 45.38 46 20 1 221.00 1.60 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 26.7 44.06 44.06 46 22 2 221.24 1.60 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 25.6 42.24 42.24 51 18 1 221.58 1.60 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 25.1 41.42 41.42 52 24 1 221.73 1.60 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 24.7 40.76 40.76 59 19 1 221.85 1.60 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 21 34.65 34.65 62 20 2 222.97 1.61 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 20.5 33.83 33.83 64 21 2 223.13 1.61 Upheaval Cameron Form. N38.44464 W109.95620 19.6 32.34 32.34 63 22 2 223.40 1.61 Valley Fire Red M,Baseline S N36.47656 W114.50969 105.6 162.67 162.67 79 22 3 93.55 4.32 Valley Fire Red M,Baseline S N36.47604 W114.51046 95.7 147.42 147.42 56 32 2 93.90 4.33 Valley Fire Red M,Baseline S N36.47504 W114.51234 81 124.77 124.77 59 37 2 94.43 4.36 Valley Fire Red M,Baseline S N36.47504 W114.51234 69.1 106.44 106.44 68 22 2 94.86 4.37 Valley Fire Red M,Baseline S N36.47457 W114.51289 67 103.21 103.21 79 20 1 94.93 4.38 Valley Fire Red M,Baseline S N36.47457 W114.51289 66.2 101.97 101.97 65 33 1 94.96 4.38 Valley Fire White M.,Baseline N36.47457 W114.51289 59.5 91.65 91.65 52 26 1 95.20 4.39 Valley Fire White M.,Baseline N36.47457 W114.51289 59 90.88 90.88 58 32 2 95.22 4.39 Valley Fire Willow Springs F. N36.47261 W114.51431 20.1 30.96 30.96 85 34 7 96.61 4.45 Valley Fire Willow Springs F. N36.47261 W114.51431 19.3 29.73 29.73 88 37 4 96.64 4.45 Valley Fire Willow Springs F. N36.47261 W114.51431 16.2 24.95 24.95 110 32 1 96.75 4.46 Valley Fire Willow Springs F. N36.47261 W114.51431 14.2 21.87 21.87 67 24 1 96.82 4.46 Valley Fire Willow Springs F. N36.47261 W114.51431 12.9 19.87 19.87 116 41 6 96.86 4.46 Valley Fire Willow Springs F. N36.47261 W114.51431 11.8 18.18 18.18 42 24 2 96.90 4.46 Valley Fire Willow Springs F. N36.47261 W114.51431 11.4 17.56 17.56 73 33 2 96.92 4.46

Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 46.4 51.06 51.06 38 16 4 99.59 2.63 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 46.1 50.73 50.73 36 15 5 99.62 2.63 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 45.6 50.18 50.18 57 14 2 99.67 2.63 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 44.5 48.97 48.97 38 11 4 99.77 2.63 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 43.8 48.20 48.20 42 12 1 99.84 2.63 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 43.1 47.43 47.43 56 15 7 99.91 2.63 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 42.3 46.55 46.55 37 12 1 99.98 2.63 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 41.8 46.00 46.00 41 10 4 100.03 2.63 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 41 45.12 45.12 55 13 3 100.11 2.63 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 40.2 44.24 44.24 36 19 2 100.18 2.63 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 39.5 43.47 43.47 37 19 3 100.25 2.63 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 38.9 42.80 42.80 58 17 4 100.31 2.64 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 38 41.81 41.81 35 21 4 100.39 2.64 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 37.2 40.93 40.93 47 20 2 100.47 2.64 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 36.5 40.16 40.16 57 18 4 100.53 2.64 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 35 38.51 38.51 45 16 3 100.68 2.64 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 34.3 37.74 37.74 48 15 4 100.74 2.64 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 33.8 37.19 37.19 56 12 5 100.79 2.64 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 33.2 36.53 36.53 47 22 3 100.85 2.64 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 32.5 35.76 35.76 45 21 3 100.91 2.64 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 32 35.21 35.21 58 18 10 100.96 2.64 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 30.9 34.00 34.00 38 15 2 101.07 2.64 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 30 33.01 33.01 46 12 8 101.15 2.65 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 29.8 32.79 32.79 58 12 4 101.17 2.65 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 28.9 31.80 31.80 45 15 2 101.26 2.65 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 28.2 31.03 31.03 44 18 3 101.32 2.65 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 27.3 30.04 30.04 57 12 1 101.41 2.65 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 26 28.61 28.61 48 12 1 101.53 2.65 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 25.2 27.73 27.73 47 13 2 101.61 2.65 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 24.4 26.85 26.85 56 12 4 101.68 2.65 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 23.8 26.19 26.19 43 13 6 101.74 2.65 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 23 25.31 25.31 45 14 3 101.82 2.65 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 22.3 24.54 24.54 52 12 4 101.88 2.65 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 21.2 23.33 23.33 42 15 5 101.99 2.66

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 66

Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 20.5 22.56 22.56 41 14 7 102.05 2.66 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 12.2 13.42 13.42 48 13 11 102.84 2.66 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 6.2 6.82 6.82 36 11 8 103.41 2.67 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 5.6 6.16 6.16 40 12 7 103.47 2.67 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 5.2 5.72 5.72 41 13 10 103.51 2.67 Wales C M.,San Pitch F. N39.40715 W111.67527 4.3 4.73 4.73 53 15 7 103.59 2.67

Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48168 W111.65921 75 121.05 233.14 46 21 1 70.91 1.68 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48168 W111.65921 73.5 118.62 229.51 68 25 2 70.96 1.69 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48168 W111.65921 70.9 114.43 223.23 73 8 2 71.06 1.69 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48168 W111.65921 68.8 111.04 218.16 65 30 1 71.13 1.70 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48168 W111.65921 59.4 95.87 195.44 51 22 2 71.48 1.72 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48168 W111.65921 58.2 93.93 192.54 74 26 2 71.52 1.72 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 48 77.47 167.90 70 31 2 71.90 1.75 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 46.8 75.53 165.00 42 26 2 71.94 1.75 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 46.2 74.56 163.55 44 25 2 71.96 1.75 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 45.8 73.92 162.58 68 33 2 71.98 1.75 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 44.8 72.30 160.17 48 19 2 72.01 1.76 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 43.8 70.69 157.75 45 27 2 72.05 1.76 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 43.4 70.05 156.78 46 28 2 72.07 1.76 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 42.8 69.08 155.33 71 32 2 72.09 1.76 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 40.4 65.20 149.54 38 28 2 72.18 1.77 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 39.9 64.40 148.33 42 31 2 72.19 1.77 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 39.6 63.91 147.60 73 39 2 72.21 1.77 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 38.9 62.78 145.91 43 24 2 72.23 1.77 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 38 61.33 143.74 44 33 2 72.26 1.77 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 37.5 60.52 142.53 71 42 2 72.28 1.77 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 33.4 53.91 132.62 67 30 1 72.43 1.78 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 32.2 51.97 129.72 63 20 1 72.48 1.79 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 30.3 48.90 125.13 65 24 1 72.55 1.79 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 28.5 46.00 120.78 66 25 1 72.61 1.79 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 27 43.58 117.16 56 20 1 72.67 1.80 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 26.2 42.29 115.23 58 18 1 72.70 1.80 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 25.8 41.64 114.26 59 14 1 72.71 1.80 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48163 W111.65893 25.4 40.99 113.29 68 20 1 72.73 1.80 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48129 W111.65760 22.3 35.99 105.80 64 32 2 72.84 1.81 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48129 W111.65760 15.7 25.34 89.85 69 34 2 73.08 1.83 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48129 W111.65760 13.1 21.14 83.57 68 33 2 73.18 1.83 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48129 W111.65760 8.6 13.88 72.70 64 25 3 73.34 1.84 Wales Cy North Horn F. N39.48129 W111.65760 0.8 1.29 53.85 65 22 4 73.63 1.86 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 189 305.04 508.59 41 22 2 64.36 1.41 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 188.4 304.07 507.14 47 21 2 64.40 1.41 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 187.8 303.10 505.69 48 23 2 64.44 1.41 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 187.4 302.45 504.72 54 22 2 64.46 1.41 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 187 301.81 503.76 63 33 2 64.49 1.41 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 186.1 300.35 501.58 62 30 2 64.54 1.41 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 185.6 299.55 500.37 48 17 2 64.57 1.41 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 185.3 299.06 499.65 54 26 2 64.59 1.42 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 185 298.58 498.92 46 1 2 64.61 1.42 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 184.5 297.77 497.72 48 22 2 64.64 1.42 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 183.2 295.67 494.57 61 18 4 64.72 1.42 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 182.7 294.87 493.37 53 24 3 64.75 1.42 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 182.3 294.22 492.40 46 20 3 64.78 1.42 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 182 293.74 491.67 41 17 2 64.79 1.42 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 181.6 293.09 490.71 42 21 3 64.82 1.42 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 178.6 288.25 483.46 38 15 4 65.00 1.43 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 178 287.28 482.01 39 14 5 65.04 1.43 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 177.5 286.47 480.80 42 20 4 65.07 1.43

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 67

Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 174.5 281.63 473.55 55 17 2 65.26 1.44 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 171.4 276.63 466.06 53 18 1 65.45 1.45 Wales Cy. North Horn F. N39.47977 W111.66619 171 275.98 465.10 56 24 2 65.47 1.45

Table 3. Data on chemical composition of B horizons of paleosols from Utah and nearby states Locality Level

(m) Age (Ma)

MU#

SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2-O3

CaO MgO Na2O K2O Cr2-O3

TiO2 MnO P2O5 SrO BaO LOI Total

Kyune 445.46 48.26 371 49.1 10.8 4.19 10.07 4.38 0.57 2.04 0.01 0.53 0.07 0.1 0.02 0 16.5 98.4Axhand. 403.57 49.77 8 40.5 8.95 3.46 13.02 6.53 0.12 2.12 <.01 0.38 0.02 0.1 0.02 0 23 98.2Axhand. 361.49 51.3 7 36.9 7.27 1.43 20.18 4.67 0.11 1.43 0.01 0.3 0.01 0.1 0.02 0 25.8 98.2Axhand. 256.88 55.08 4 17.5 1.66 1.59 35.69 5.34 0.06 0.16 <.01 0.07 0.07 0.1 0.02 0 36 98.2Axhand. 239.23 55.72 3 42.3 5.51 1.3 21.07 3.05 0.09 0.86 <.01 0.29 0.03 0.1 0.01 0 23.7 98.3Axhand. 223.55 56.29 2 20.3 3.88 1.76 35.6 2.77 0.09 0.54 <.01 0.21 0.09 0.1 0.02 0 33.2 98.5Black D. 10.70 60.45 361 53.3 14.6 5.51 4.62 1.92 1.2 1.71 <.01 0.55 0.05 0.2 0.01 0 15 98.6WalesC 465.10 65.47 342 20.3 4.17 1.76 31.88 6.06 0.08 0.63 <.01 0.18 0.05 0.1 0.02 0 33.6 98.8N. Horn 158.75 66.63 110 52.3 10.7 2.97 9.83 2.8 0.31 1.84 <.01 0.41 0.03 0.2 0.02 0 17.5 98.9N. Horn 108.59 67.89 106 44.9 13.2 4.27 10.5 3.03 0.93 1.92 <.01 0.45 0.03 0.1 0.02 0 19.2 98.5N. Horn 47.375 69.42 104 57.5 7.59 2.46 10.3 2.66 0.49 1.57 0.01 0.34 0.05 0.1 0.01 0 15.1 98.2WalesC 142.53 72.28 340 65.9 5.9 2.18 7.66 2.6 0.18 1.21 <.01 0.27 0.03 0.1 0.01 0 12.1 98.1WalesC 53.86 73.63 338 50.6 9.42 3.02 10.27 3.59 0.64 1.4 <.01 0.33 0.03 0.1 0.02 0 19 98.4Gunlock 99.41 80.28 22 88.6 3.79 0.87 0.8 0.65 0.1 1.52 <.01 0.17 0.01 0 0.01 0 2.31 98.9Cedar C 594.70 81.99 229 85.6 7.94 0.78 0.09 0.14 0.06 0.18 <.01 0.43 <.01 0 <.01 0 3.3 98.6Cedar C 475.51 83.82 228 85.6 7.84 0.73 0.04 0.16 0.06 0.19 <.01 0.39 <.01 0 <.01 0 3.28 98.3Cedar C 252.34 87.23 225 69.5 11.4 4.32 2.04 0.91 0.13 1.67 <.01 0.52 0.04 0.1 <.01 0 7.69 98.3Cedar C 58.076 90.2 218 70.9 14.6 2.98 0.13 0.71 0.12 1.85 0.01 0.77 <.01 0.1 0.01 0 6.78 99Henriev. 27.06 91.52 246 71.3 13.7 1.99 0.14 1.17 0.57 2.4 <.01 0.71 <.01 0.1 0.01 0 6.96 99.1Vall.Fire 147.42 93.9 213 93.4 1.68 1.1 0.32 0.16 0.06 0.28 <.01 0.07 <.01 0 <.01 <.01 1 98.1Vall.Fire 19.88 96.86 200 51.3 6.14 2.08 17.98 0.69 0.15 1.34 <.01 0.34 0.35 0.2 0.02 0 18.2 98.8Vall.Fire 18.18 96.9 202 59.5 11.8 4.18 6.37 1.03 0.44 2.01 0.01 0.56 0.02 0.1 0.01 0 12.4 98.5Litt.Ced. 151.8 100.8 314 35.3 6.67 1.78 25.01 1.4 0.74 1.3 <.01 0.21 0.37 0.2 0.03 0 25 98Salina 212.3 103.9 101 64.4 15.9 3.72 0.59 1.41 0.39 2.34 0.01 0.63 <.01 0.1 0.02 0 8.9 98.4Litt.Ced. 102.80 111.1 369 64.1 13.6 2.49 1.17 2.44 1.57 1.76 <.01 0.5 <.01 0.1 0.02 0 11.1 98.8Christi. 112.49 116.6 328 51.9 5.42 1.8 15.27 3.57 0.32 1.24 <.01 0.23 0.07 0.1 0.01 0 18.7 98.6CastleD 12.05 117 116 61 14.4 3.93 0.67 2.4 1.47 2.31 <.01 0.38 0.01 0 0.01 0.1 11.5 98.1Christi. 91.04 118.4 326 49.9 12.3 3.44 5.8 4.08 1.75 1.34 <.01 0.39 0.03 0.2 0.02 0 19.3 98.5Cisco 20.96 125 469 47 11.5 2.97 12.37 2.88 0.51 2.26 <.01 0.47 0.01 0.2 0.03 0 18.2 98.4Cisco 19.8 125.7 468 47 10.8 2.92 13.02 2.84 0.45 2.19 <.01 0.47 0.02 0.2 0.03 0 18.2 98.1Cisco 18.645 126.3 467 43.9 10.8 3.03 14.93 2.99 0.43 2.02 0.01 0.39 0.02 0.2 0.04 0 19.6 98.3Notom 136.58 129.6 48 80.4 6.86 1.88 0.42 1.18 0.63 2.04 <.01 0.29 0.01 0 0.02 0 4.85 98.6Litt.Ced. 26.235 135.2 306 59.7 12.4 4.43 3.07 3.39 0.81 4.11 0.01 0.55 0.02 0.3 0.04 0 10.1 98.9Como B 89.33 142.9 357 36.2 6.53 1.87 24.61 1.33 0.48 1.14 <.01 0.26 0.29 0.2 0.03 0 25.6 98.6Notom 86.71 142.9 42 67.1 11.8 2.8 0.7 2.22 1.65 1.16 <.01 0.35 0.01 0 0.02 0 11 98.9Notom 85.02 143.2 41 59.8 13.4 3.27 0.75 3.1 1.61 0.57 <.01 0.18 <.01 0 0.02 0 15.8 98.5Notom 72.00 145.3 39 67 10.5 3.15 1.09 2.36 0.87 2.12 <.01 0.39 0.01 0.1 0.02 0 10.6 98.2Litt.Ced. 9.74 148.8 302 45 10.9 4.49 12.59 4.13 0.96 2.91 0.01 0.48 0.17 0.2 0.02 0 16.9 98.8Litt.Ced. 8.91 148.8 300 46 11.3 4.66 11.85 3.69 0.78 3.07 0.02 0.49 0.16 0.2 0.02 0 15.9 98.2Litt.Ced. 7.755 148.8 298 45.3 10.1 4.1 13.99 3.53 0.8 2.71 <.01 0.44 0.11 0.2 0.02 0 17.2 98.5S.SaltW 161.70 155.9 322 46.9 17.6 5.78 2 5.05 0.96 3.07 <.01 0.35 0.01 0.1 0.02 0 16.4 98.3S.SaltW 39.49 162.9 97 50.4 12.9 5.38 6.17 4.86 0.79 3.69 0.01 0.5 0.04 0.2 0.06 0 13.2 98.2Cannon 30.77 165.9 32 63.6 11.4 4.82 1.44 4 0.37 5.43 <.01 0.34 0.02 0.1 0.1 0 6.74 98.3Gunlock 32.19 168.9 16 55.8 8.37 3.06 4.15 5.15 0.22 4.77 <.01 0.37 0.08 0.1 3.67 0.6 11.8 98.1Gunlock 9.63 169.2 11 40.8 6.11 2.04 12.97 9.61 0.14 2.3 <.01 0.3 0.27 0.1 0.01 0 23.5 98.2LaVerk. 44.87 169.7 216 91.8 3.16 0.93 0.06 0.17 0.09 1.42 <.01 0.04 <.01 0 <.01 0 0.83 98.5Gunlock -9.88 175.5 3 77.2 4.51 1.71 4.4 1.79 0.2 1.78 <.01 0.22 0.04 0.1 0.01 0 6.63 98.6Gunlock -15.67 175.5 1 53.4 17.7 7.33 0.46 2.98 0.31 6.37 <.01 0.66 0.03 0.2 0.04 0 9.04 98.5Gunlock -19.68 175.5 10 67.2 5.59 1.81 9.38 1.25 0.71 1.86 <.01 0.32 0.05 0.1 0.01 0 9.9 98.2Kane S. 41.35 180.7 118 50.9 5.89 2.27 11.02 7.04 0.09 2.01 <.01 0.18 0.18 0.1 0.01 0 18.6 98.2Kane S. 5.09 183 128 55.5 17.3 7.32 0.3 2.61 0.2 6.4 <.01 0.73 0.02 0.1 0.01 0.1 7.76 98.3Kanab 16.34 190.6 236 70.5 8.95 2.89 1.11 3.04 0.78 2.78 <.01 0.5 0.02 0.1 0.01 0 7.65 98.3Hog Sp. -1.11 198.3 76 42.6 10.8 3.89 9.08 7.79 0.26 4.1 <.01 0.48 0.09 0.1 0.03 0 19.1 98.3Hog Sp. -19.10 201.8 72 45.9 9.61 2.96 10.1 6.21 0.46 3.3 <.01 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.07 0.3 18.8 98.4Hog Sp. -30.48 204.1 70 58.1 9.46 2.99 9.13 2.01 0.63 3.48 <.01 0.49 0.03 0.1 0.03 0 12.5 98.9Hog Sp. -33.64 206.7 265 45.2 8.64 2.78 14.39 4.15 0.51 2.88 <.01 0.46 0.05 0.1 0.05 0.1 18.9 98.2

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 68

Craw.D. 57.29 211.8 93 54.3 17.1 1.44 0.19 1.13 0.07 0.98 <.01 0.79 0.01 0 <.01 0 22.8 98.8Craw.D. -2.94 215.6 83 45.5 12 5.52 7.84 6.06 0.16 4.29 <.01 0.55 0.1 0.1 0.02 0.1 16.6 98.7Craw.D. -21.75 216.8 80 44.7 13.6 4.44 7.35 6.14 0.18 4.11 <.01 0.62 0.11 0.1 0.02 0.1 16.9 98.2Hog Sp. -85.26 219 267 35.4 8.37 2.88 17.96 5.32 0.83 2.45 <.01 0.39 0.14 0.1 0.05 0 24.2 98.1Kane S. 113.46 223 141 67.1 9.23 3.22 5.32 1.55 0.92 2.56 <.01 0.58 0.05 0.1 0.01 0.1 7.84 98.5Parleys 437.02 227.6 177 61.7 10.4 7.76 4.48 2.17 0.29 2.88 <.01 0.65 0.13 0.3 <.01 0 7.48 98.3Parleys 436.70 227.6 175 60.6 10.2 3.01 5.86 3.9 0.38 2.8 <.01 0.62 0.22 0.1 0.01 0 10.6 98.4Parleys 399.83 230 169 61.9 9.26 2.54 6.98 2.76 1.38 2.57 <.01 0.43 0.05 0.2 0.02 0 10.1 98.1Parleys 286.90 237.3 376 44.7 9.62 3.09 15.1 4.52 0.53 1.34 <.01 0.59 0.2 0.1 0.03 0 18.3 98.1Salt Cy. 186.66 241.6 158 51.9 9.14 3.24 11.44 3.4 0.6 2.72 <.01 0.5 0.06 0.1 0.03 0.1 15.2 98.4Salt Cy. 171.01 242.1 157 55.6 10.7 3.35 7.35 3.98 1.05 2.94 <.01 0.61 0.08 0.1 0.02 0.1 12.7 98.6Salt Cy. 168.57 242.2 156 52.8 8.93 2.74 11.24 4.02 0.66 2.1 <.01 0.56 0.05 0.1 0.04 0 15.2 98.4Salt Cy. 90.17 244.7 151 64.1 10.9 3.67 3.14 4.12 0.88 3.21 0.01 0.54 0.05 0.1 0.01 0 7.74 98.6Salt Cy. 86.14 244.8 149 59 10.9 4.14 6.12 3.66 0.73 3.19 0.01 0.7 0.07 0.2 0.01 0.1 9.68 98.3Salt Cy. 80.83 245 147 57.8 13.2 5.23 2.8 5.02 0.76 4.15 0.01 0.67 0.08 0.1 0.01 0.1 8.38 98.2Kane S. 55.73 248.2 134 63.5 7.19 2.39 7.35 3.5 0.45 1.95 <.01 0.52 0.09 0.2 0.01 0.1 11.2 98.4Kane S. 45.43 248.7 133 62.9 8.39 3.18 5.12 4.15 0.78 2.26 0.01 0.58 0.08 0.2 0.01 0.1 10.8 98.4Kane S. 44.31 248.7 132 58 10.4 3.76 4.92 5.09 0.79 2.73 <.01 0.54 0.09 0.2 0.01 0 11.8 98.3Bernal 50.49 250.7 432 64.7 5.95 1.94 8.79 4.04 0.53 1.67 <.01 0.41 0.11 0.1 <.01 0 10.8 99.0Bernal 47.52 251.9 430 57 13 6.07 0.8 8.91 0.18 2.87 0.01 0.75 0.05 0.1 <.01 0 8.43 98.3Bernal 42.57 253.8 428 72.1 7.54 2.65 3.21 3.4 0.92 1.69 <.01 0.59 0.05 0.1 0.01 0.1 6.17 98.5Bernal 35.48 256.6 426 62.2 9 3.29 4.78 6.04 0.77 1.91 0.01 0.62 0.07 0.1 0.01 0 9.61 98.4Bernal 34.65 256.9 424 52.6 14.3 5.89 1.75 9.79 0.17 3.07 0.01 0.8 0.07 0.2 0.01 0 9.63 98.2Bernal 32.84 257.7 422 69.4 7.53 2.35 5.61 2.83 1.03 1.65 <.01 0.49 0.06 0.1 0.01 0 7.77 98.8Bernal 21.12 262.2 420 67.1 8.5 2.99 4.16 4.75 1.01 1.74 <.01 0.56 0.06 0.1 0.01 0 7.39 98.4Bernal 10.07 266.6 418 63.2 8.15 2.59 8.15 2.78 1.31 2.16 <.01 0.54 0.04 0.1 0.02 0.1 9.13 98.3Bernal 1.82 269.8 416 73.9 8.2 2.48 2.42 2.87 1.49 2.06 <.01 0.49 0.03 0.1 0.01 0 4.32 98.4Hite 124.74 270.5 67 74.2 7.69 2.61 2.49 1.92 0.12 2.98 <.01 0.48 0.03 0.1 0.01 0 5.55 98.2Hite 122.1 270.6 65 69.8 7.96 3.49 3.47 2.71 0.11 3.00 <.01 0.42 0.05 0.1 0.01 0 7.49 98.7Hite 108.57 271.3 63 78.3 8.86 2.67 0.65 0.8 0.13 3.09 <.01 0.49 0.01 0.1 0.01 0 3.25 98.4Moki D. -31.19 278.2 293 85.6 4.55 2.22 0.96 0.63 0.1 1.46 0.01 0.19 <.01 0 <.01 0 2.99 98.7Moki D. -58.25 279.6 292 68.8 11.7 5.53 1.59 1.34 0.4 3.25 <.01 0.66 0.02 0.2 0.01 0 5.23 98.8Moki D. -63.20 279.8 290 65.2 5.67 2.17 11.09 0.71 0.44 1.73 0.02 0.35 0.01 0.1 0.02 0 10.8 98.3Moki D. -154.61 284.4 288 55.7 6.4 2.51 14.03 2.23 0.83 1.75 <.01 0.47 0.03 0.1 0.01 0 14.9 99.0Moki D. -304.1 291.8 286 59.1 7.85 2.62 11.14 2.05 0.78 2.17 <.01 0.52 0.02 0.2 0.02 0 12.4 98.9Moki D. -305.58 291.9 284 58.7 12.8 5.3 4.42 3.14 0.75 3.33 <.01 0.7 0.02 0.2 0.03 0 9.3 98.7Moki D. -312.68 292.3 283 76.9 8.87 3.01 0.94 1.44 1.02 2.35 0.01 0.47 <.01 0.1 0.01 0 3.36 98.5Moki D. -379.5 295.6 282 55.1 9.09 3.57 11.15 2.72 1.05 2.03 0.03 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.02 0 13 98.6Moki D. -381.48 295.7 281 72.5 11.1 3.63 0.59 1.87 0.58 2.83 0.02 0.76 <.01 0 0.01 0 4.68 98.6Moki D. -385.28 295.9 280 60.2 6.03 1.69 13.75 0.89 1.09 1.3 <.01 0.45 0.04 0.1 0.03 0 12.7 98.2Moki D. -407.88 297 279 43.2 7.49 2.81 19.48 2.79 0.83 1.78 <.01 0.45 0.04 0.1 0.02 0 19.5 98.5Moki D. -410.03 297.1 278 50.9 11.9 4.7 9.76 2.91 0.55 3.21 <.01 0.61 0.02 0.2 0.03 0 13.4 98.2Moki D. -411.84 297.2 277 58.5 5.94 1.78 14.18 1.22 0.73 1.74 0.01 0.31 0.03 0.1 0.04 0 13.7 98.3Moki D. -446.0 298.9 272 54.7 10.5 4.6 8.19 3.93 0.93 2.63 <.01 0.63 0.03 0.1 0.02 0 12 98.3Moki D. -447.98 299 270 62.3 10.8 4.2 4.12 3.39 0.89 3.04 0.01 0.67 0.02 0.2 0.03 0.1 8.42 98.2Moki D. -453.26 299.3 269 26.1 5 1.8 31.83 2.75 0.42 1.19 <.01 0.27 0.05 0.1 0.04 0 28.5 98.0Honak. 419.76 303.1 410 54.6 8.55 3.08 11.19 3.76 0.84 2.13 <.01 0.56 0.03 0.1 0.02 0 13.7 98.5Honak. 418.44 303.2 408 65.4 9.81 3.19 4.92 2.35 0.47 2.72 0.01 0.57 0.01 0.1 0.02 0 8.8 98.3Honak. 416.30 303.3 407 28.9 3.58 1.07 33.81 1.01 0.55 0.91 <.01 0.2 0.02 0 0.02 0 28.2 98.3Honak. 388.74 304.6 406 33.8 5.65 2.01 28.12 2 0.57 1.45 <.01 0.38 0.02 0.1 0.03 0 24.7 98.9Honak. 387.75 304.6 405 57.8 9.46 4 8.81 2.99 0.58 2.64 0.01 0.55 0.01 0.2 0.02 0 11.8 98.8Honak. 384.62 304.8 404 41.9 6.14 2.45 20.74 3.41 0.59 1.76 <.01 0.38 0.03 0.1 0.03 0 21 98.6Honak. 260.7 310.7 395 39.6 4.54 1.77 18.27 8.03 0.36 1.4 <.01 0.25 0.05 0.1 0.09 0 23.8 98.3Honak. 54.45 320.5 389 56.1 8.43 3.15 8.31 5.74 0.2 2.87 0.01 0.45 0.01 0.1 0.02 0 13.5 98.9Error 2σ 0.77 0.23 0.20 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.01 .015 .003 0.05

Test of synchroniety of records Only 20 of the 40 key-event peaks were also represented in the Gingko-CO2 palaeobarometer, and synchroneity of the two records was tested with superposed epoch analysis. The null-hypothesis of this test was non-synchroneity of peaks in CO2 determined from Ginkgo stomatal index with the key events determined from depth to calcic horizon in paleosols. This non-parametric running mean approach is forgiving of gaps in the data tables of the estimated CO2 for the shared key events, and yielded a W value of 395 (Table 4). Statistical significance was assessed by substituting random

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 69

numbers varying between extremes of the central column into the two lateral columns of Table for 10, 000 determinations of W. This was done in Excel® normal default, which uses the Whichman-Hill algorithm. The probability for a W of 395 determined as the number of estimated W larger than 395 plus 1 divided by 10, 001, was 0.014. Table 4. Data table for superposed epoch analysis of log-transformed CO2 estimates for key events defined from depth of calcic horizon in paleosols

Key event (Ma) -4 Ma -2 Ma Log CO2 at peak + 2 Ma +4 Ma 16 2.67 2.47 2.79 2.62 35 2.63 2.94 2.77 49 2.57 3.23 2.52 55 2.53 2.66 2.55 2.68 65 2.58 3.23 2.61 2.88 82 3.55 3.01 93 3.01 3.09 3.43 2.79 2.65 114 2.73 3.18 2.64 2.65 124 3.55 2.57 2.54 146 2.75 3.04 3.43 2.75 150 2.75 3.33 2.94 169 3.23 3.68 3.05 3.18 181 3.18 3.43 3.33 203 2.98 2.96 2.85 217 3.49 2.81 228 2.81 2.80 3.08 3.07 251 2.48 3.86 2.87 2.79 259 2.94 2.88 3.38 2.98 270 2.77 2.48 3.28 2.52 292 2.57 3.14 2.77

Means 2.80 2.78 3.27 2.78 2.80

Differences 0.48 0.49 0.49 0.48 Đ 0.48

Differences-đ 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 Sw 0.00 W 394.63

Random W >394.63 144 P 0.14

Cross-correlation of CO2 and palaeoclimatic variables Data for 54 intervals of CO2 and palaeoclimatic variables (Table 5) were cross- correlated and the statistical significance of the correlations determined by Student’s t test (Table 6). Table 5. Data used for cross correlations of CO2 and paleoclimatic records.

Key events Ma PCO2 PCO2 error + pCO2 error - MAP(CIA-K) MAT(sal) MAP-Bk Late Zanclean 4 355 456 50 610 9.6 388 Middle Messinian 6 328 33 16 750 9.4 321 Late Tortonian 8 411 464 86 889 9.8 309 Late Serravallian 12 468 193 86 855 9.6 395 Middle Langhian 15 295 0 0 784 8 447

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 70

Early Langhian 16 508 733 153 883 11.5 798 Late Burdigalian 17 418 208 72 345 9.6 567 Early Rupelian 34 423 282 82 778 9.7 558 Late Priabonian 35 875 2634 439 852 11.2 846 Middle Priabonian 36 589 445 165 847 11.7 601 Early Lutetian 49 1689 6788 1066 378 12.1 709 Late Thanetian 55 678 691 230 283 13.7 775 Middle Danian 64 875 366 214 457 13 506 Early Danian 65 1689 2 2 477 12.2 870 Middle Maastrichtian 68 754 486 223 384 11.2 596 Early Campanian 82 3510 6454 1992 1489 16.6 921 Late Turonian 90 1241 276 208 898 12.9 613 Early Turonian 93 2704 0 0 1498 14.5 784 Late Cenomanian 95 623 132 91 1066 11 702 Early Albian 111 411 294 11 282 10.1 465 Late Aptian 114 1517 2506 763 954 11.2 825 Middle Aptian 116 437 95 54 303 10.9 733 Early Aptian 124 3510 1122 806 771 12.0 775 Late Barremian 126 400 23 18 424 12 497 Middle Berriasian 143 558 2951 225 783 8.7 590 Early Berriasian 145 2704 253 226 1053 8.6 701 Middle Tithonian 149 558 253 122 380 9.5 546 Early Tithonian 150 2119 6358 1308 1006 12.7 870 Early Kimmeridgian 154 875 1829 407 977 10.7 501 mid-Bajocian 169 4024 7738 2335 1367 9.1 924 Early Bajocian 171 661 469 193 472 8 438 Early Toarcian 181 2704 62054 2172 1442 9.5 923 Late Sinemurian 195 508 197 97 476 9 476 Early Hettangian 199 382 69 47 345 8.4 528 Late Rhaetian 202 1887 501 370 1022 9 776 Early Rhaetian 203 754 7743 404 440 7.9 674 Early Norian 217 3074 20813 2263 1505 16 892 Middle Carnian 223 875 3148 352 539 8.7 613 Early Carnian 228 1887 8077 1026 650 10.9 912 Early Ladinian 236 508 24 21 469 7.2 662 Early Anisian 244 305 326 302 556 9.4 470 Early Griesbachian 251 7243 6703 3219 1255 12.5 774 Middle Changsingian 253 532 94 64 600 9.1 463 Late Wuchaipingian 254 508 153 85 563 10.4 467 Early Wuchaipingian 259 2389 9373 1578 1080 12.6 700 Late Capitanian 261 949 3075 498 475 8.7 448 Late Roadian 269 299 4 2 569 9.5 484 Early Roadian 270 1887 6590 1183 1213 9.9 766 Late Kungurian 271 334 77 24 419 7.1 519 Late Sakmarian 287 374 157 49 323 7.9 509 Early Sakmarian 292 1369 5873 838 920 8.5 728 Middle Asselian 297 589 2116 238 315 7.7 414 Note: Error for MAP-Bk is ± 142 mm, for MAP-CIA-K ± 182 mm, for MAT-sal 4.4 oC. Table 6. Student’s t test for power law cross correlation.

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Retallack: climatic response to carbon dioxide 71

CO2 MAT CO2 MAP-Bk CO2 MAP-CIA-KMean 2.94 1.0086 2.94 2.78 2.94 2.82 Variance 0.13 0.0072 0.13 0.016 0.13 0.045 Observations 52 52 52 52 52 52 Hypothesized Mean Difference 0 0 0 Degrees of Freedom 57 63 83 T statistic 37.75 2.97 2.067 P<=t) one-tail 2.53E-42 0.0021 0.021 TCritical one-tail 1.67 1.67 1.66 P(T<=t) two-tail 5.06E-42 0.0042 0.042 T Critical two-tail 2.00 2.00 2.00