table 1 trends in lifetime prevalence of use of...

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

8th Grade 18.7 20.6 22.5 25.7 28.5 31.2 29.4 29.0 28.3 26.8 26.8 24.5 22.8 21.5 21.4 20.9 19.0 -1.9 s 10th Grade 30.6 29.8 32.8 37.4 40.9 45.4 47.3 44.9 46.2 45.6 45.6 44.6 41.4 39.8 38.2 36.1 35.6 -0.5 12th Grade 44.1 40.7 42.9 45.6 48.4 50.8 54.3 54.1 54.7 54.0 53.9 53.0 51.1 51.1 50.4 48.2 46.8 -1.4

8th Grade 14.3 15.6 16.8 17.5 18.8 19.2 17.7 16.9 16.3 15.8‡ 17.0 13.7 13.6 12.2 12.1 12.2 11.1 -1.1 10th Grade 19.1 19.2 20.9 21.7 24.3 25.5 25.0 23.6 24.0 23.1‡ 23.6 22.1 19.7 18.8 18.0 17.5 18.2 +0.7 12th Grade 26.9 25.1 26.7 27.6 28.1 28.5 30.0 29.4 29.4 29.0‡ 30.7 29.5 27.7 28.7 27.4 26.9 25.5 -1.4

Inhalantsa,c

8th Grade 28.5 29.6 32.3 35.1 38.1 39.4 38.1 37.8 37.2 35.1 34.5 31.6 30.3 30.2 30.0 29.2 27.7 -1.5 10th Grade 36.1 36.2 38.7 42.7 45.9 49.8 50.9 49.3 49.9 49.3 48.8 47.7 44.9 43.1 42.1 40.1 39.8 -0.3 12th Grade 47.6 44.4 46.6 49.1 51.5 53.5 56.3 56.1 56.3 57.0 56.0 54.6 52.8 53.0 53.5 51.2 49.1 -2.1


8th Grade 17.6 17.4 19.4 19.9 21.6 21.2 21.0 20.5 19.7 17.9 17.1 15.2 15.8 17.3 17.1 16.1 15.6 -0.5 10th Grade 15.7 16.6 17.5 18.0 19.0 19.3 18.3 18.3 17.0 16.6 15.2 13.5 12.7 12.4 13.1 13.3 13.6 +0.3 12th Grade 17.6 16.6 17.4 17.7 17.4 16.6 16.1 15.2 15.4 14.2 13.0 11.7 11.2 10.9 11.4 11.1 10.5 -0.6

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12th Grade 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.7 1.7 0.8 1.9 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 +0.1

8th Grade 3.2 3.8 3.9 4.3 5.2 5.9 5.4 4.9 4.8 4.6‡ 5.2 4.1 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.4 3.1 -0.3 10th Grade 6.1 6.4 6.8 8.1 9.3 10.5 10.5 9.8 9.7 8.9‡ 8.9 7.8 6.9 6.4 5.8 6.1 6.4 +0.4 12th Grade 9.6 9.2 10.9 11.4 12.7 14.0 15.1 14.1 13.7 13.0‡ 14.7 12.0 10.6 9.7 8.8 8.3 8.4 0.0

8th Grade 2.7 3.2 3.5 3.7 4.4 5.1 4.7 4.1 4.1 3.9 3.4 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 0.0 10th Grade 5.6 5.8 6.2 7.2 8.4 9.4 9.5 8.5 8.5 7.6 6.3 5.0 3.5 2.8 2.5 2.7 3.0 +0.3 12th Grade 8.8 8.6 10.3 10.5 11.7 12.6 13.6 12.6 12.2 11.1 10.9 8.4 5.9 4.6 3.5 3.3 3.4 +0.1


8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12th Grade 2.9 2.4 2.9 2.8 2.7 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.1 2.5 1.6 2.4 2.2 2.1 -0.1

Trends in Lifetime Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Eighth, Tenth, and Twelfth Graders

Lifetime 2006–

TABLE 1

LSD

2007change

Any Illicit Druga

Than Marijuanaa,b

Hallucinogensb,f

Any Illicit Drug Other

Any Illicit Drug

Marijuana/Hashish

Inhalantsc,d

Nitritese

Including

(Table continued on next page)

Hallucinogens Other Than LSDb

PCPe

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

8th Grade — — — — — 3.4 3.2 2.7 2.7 4.3 5.2 4.3 3.2 2.8 2.8 2.5 2.3 -0.1 10th Grade — — — — — 5.6 5.7 5.1 6.0 7.3 8.0 6.6 5.4 4.3 4.0 4.5 5.2 +0.8 12th Grade — — — — — 6.1 6.9 5.8 8.0 11.0 11.7 10.5 8.3 7.5 5.4 6.5 6.5 0.0


8th Grade 1.3 1.6 1.7 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.7 3.2 3.1 3.1 3.0 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.1 -0.2 10th Grade 1.7 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.8 3.3 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.1 3.6 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.2 2.3 0.0 12th Grade 3.1 2.6 2.6 3.0 3.0 3.3 3.9 4.4 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.6 3.9 3.5 3.5 3.2 -0.3


8th Grade 1.2 1.4 1.4 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 -0.1 10th Grade 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 +0.1 12th Grade 0.9 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.4 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.5 +0.1

8th Grade — — — — 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1 10th Grade — — — — 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.0 12th Grade — — — — 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 -0.1

8th Grade — — — — 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.7 -0.2 10th Grade — — — — 1.1 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 0.0 12th Grade — — — — 1.4 1.7 2.1 1.6 1.8 2.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 +0.3

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12th Grade 6.6 6.1 6.4 6.6 7.2 8.2 9.7 9.8 10.2 10.6 9.9‡ 13.5 13.2 13.5 12.8 13.4 13.1 -0.2


8th Grade — — — — — — — — 4.5 4.2 4.4 3.5 3.9 2.5 3.1 2.7 1.8 -0.9 s 10th Grade — — — — — — — — 7.3 6.9 6.4 6.1 5.2 5.3 4.1 3.2 2.8 -0.4 12th Grade — — — — — — — — 8.2 7.9 6.9 6.7 6.2 6.2 4.5 4.4 3.0 -1.4 ss


Methamphetaminem,n

Without a Needlej

Other Narcoticsk,l

2006–

With a Needlej

change2007

Other Cocaineh

MDMA (Ecstasy)g

Cocaine

Crack

Amphetaminesk

Heroini

TABLE 1 (cont.)Trends in Lifetime Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs

Lifetime

for Eighth, Tenth, and Twelfth Graders

Crystal Meth. (Ice)n


1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007




8th Grade — — — — — 1.5 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 -0.1 10th Grade — — — — — 1.5 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.0 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.3 +0.5 12th Grade — — — — — 1.2 1.8 3.0 2.0 1.5 1.7 — — — — — — —

8th Grade 70.1 69.3‡ 55.7 55.8 54.5 55.3 53.8 52.5 52.1 51.7 50.5 47.0 45.6 43.9 41.0 40.5 38.9 -1.6 10th Grade 83.8 82.3‡ 71.6 71.1 70.5 71.8 72.0 69.8 70.6 71.4 70.1 66.9 66.0 64.2 63.2 61.5 61.7 +0.2 12th Grade 88.0 87.5‡ 80.0 80.4 80.7 79.2 81.7 81.4 80.0 80.3 79.7 78.4 76.6 76.8 75.1 72.7 72.2 -0.5


Beveragese,m

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — 37.9 35.5 35.5 34.0 -1.4 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — 58.6 58.8 58.1 55.7 -2.3 12th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — 71.0 73.6 69.9 68.4 -1.4

8th Grade 44.0 45.2 45.3 46.1 46.4 49.2 47.3 45.7 44.1 40.5 36.6 31.4 28.4 27.9 25.9 24.6 22.1 -2.4 ss 10th Grade 55.1 53.5 56.3 56.9 57.6 61.2 60.2 57.7 57.6 55.1 52.8 47.4 43.0 40.7 38.9 36.1 34.6 -1.5 12th Grade 63.1 61.8 61.9 62.0 64.2 63.5 65.4 65.3 64.6 62.5 61.0 57.2 53.7 52.8 50.0 47.1 46.2 -0.9

8th Grade 22.2 20.7 18.7 19.9 20.0 20.4 16.8 15.0 14.4 12.8 11.7 11.2 11.3 11.0 10.1 10.2 9.1 -1.1 10th Grade 28.2 26.6 28.1 29.2 27.6 27.4 26.3 22.7 20.4 19.1 19.5 16.9 14.6 13.8 14.5 15.0 15.1 +0.1 12th Grade — 32.4 31.0 30.7 30.9 29.8 25.3 26.2 23.4 23.1 19.7 18.3 17.0 16.7 17.5 15.2 15.1 -0.1

8th Grade 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.7 3.0 2.8 2.5 2.5 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.5 -0.1 10th Grade 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.0 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 2.4 2.0 1.8 1.8 0.0 12th Grade 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.3 1.9 2.4 2.7 2.9 2.5 3.7 4.0 3.5 3.4 2.6 2.7 2.2 -0.5

Rohypnolp

change

Source: The Monitoring the Future study, the University of Michigan.

Steroidss

Alcohol, Any Useq

Cigarettes, Any Use

Been Drunkn

Flavored Alcoholic

Smokeless Tobaccor

Tranquilizersb,k


Methaqualonee,k

Sedatives (Barbiturates)k

Lifetime

TABLE 1 (cont.)Trends in Lifetime Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs

20072006–

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

8th Graders 17,500 18,600 18,300 17,300 17,500 17,800 18,600 18,100 16,700 16,700 16,200 15,100 16,500 17,000 16,800 16,500 16,100

10th Graders 14,800 14,800 15,300 15,800 17,000 15,600 15,500 15,000 13,600 14,300 14,000 14,300 15,800 16,400 16,200 16,200 16,100

12th Graders 15,000 15,800 16,300 15,400 15,400 14,300 15,400 15,200 13,600 12,800 12,800 12,900 14,600 14,600 14,700 14,200 14,500

indicated. For 12th graders only: Data based on one of six forms in 1996–2001; N is one sixth of N indicated. Data based on two of six forms beginning in 2002; N is

pFor 8th and 10th graders only: Data based on one of two forms in 1996; N is one half of N indicated. Data based on three of four forms in 1997–1998; N is two thirds

of N indicated. Data based on two of four forms in 1999–2001; N is one third of N indicated. Data based on one of four forms beginning in 2002; N is one sixth of N

changed forms only; N is one half of N indicated. In 2003, the remaining forms were changed to the new wording. The data are based on all forms beginning in 2003. mFor 8th and 10th graders only: Data based on one of four forms; N is one third of N indicated.nFor 12th graders only: Data based on two of six forms; N is two sixths of N indicated.

only: Data based on three of six forms; N is one half of N indicated. kOnly drug use not under a doctor’s orders is included here.lIn 2002 the question text was changed in half of the questionnaire forms. The list of examples of narcotics other than heroin was updated: Talwin, laudanum, and

paregoric—all of which had negligible rates of use by 2001—were replaced with Vicodin, OxyContin, and Percocet. The 2002 data presented here are based on the

prevalence-of-use estimates for the two most recent classes is due to rounding error.

Notes: Level of significance of difference between the two most recent classes: s = 0.05, ss = 0.01, sss = 0.001. "—" indicates data not available.

six forms in 1996–2001; N is one sixth of N indicated. Data based on two of six forms beginning in 2002; N is two sixths of N indicated.

"‡" indicates some change in the question. See relevant footnote for that drug. Any apparent inconsistency between the change estimate and the

aFor 12th graders only: Use of “any illicit drug” includes any use of marijuana, LSD, other hallucinogens, crack, other cocaine, or heroin; or any use of other narcotics,

amphetamines, sedatives (barbiturates), or tranquilizers not under a doctor’s orders. For 8th and 10th graders only: The use of other narcotics and sedatives (barbs)

presented here are based on the changed forms only; N is one half of N indicated. In 2002 the remaining forms were changed to the new wording. The data are

cFor 12th graders only: Data based on five of six forms in 1991–1998; N is five sixths of N indicated. Data based on three of six forms beginning in 1999; N is one half of

Weighted N s 1991

jFor 8th and 10th graders only: Data based on one of two forms in 1995; N is one half of N indicated. Data based on all forms beginning in 1996. For 12th graders

N indicated.dInhalants are unadjusted for underreporting of amyl and butyl nitrites.

has been excluded because these younger respondents appear to overreport use (perhaps because they include the use of nonprescription drugs in their answers). bIn 2001 the question text was changed on half of the questionnaire forms for each age group. “Other psychedelics” was changed to “other hallucinogens” and

“shrooms” was added to the list of examples. For the tranquilizer list of examples, Miltown was replaced with Xanax. For 8th, 10th, and 12th graders: The 2001 data

based on all forms beginning in 2002. Data for “any illicit drug other than marijuana” and “hallucinogens” are also affected by these changes and have been

handled in a parallel manner.

hFor 12th graders only: Data based on four of six forms; N is four sixths of N indicated.iIn 1995 the heroin question was changed in one of two forms for 8th and 10th graders and in three of six forms for 12th graders. Separate questions were asked for use

with injection and without injection. In 1996, the heroin question was changed in all remaining 8th- and 10th-grade forms. Data presented here represent the

combined data from all forms.

eFor 12th graders only: Data based on one of six forms; N is one sixth of N indicated.fHallucinogens are unadjusted for underreporting of PCP.gFor 8th and 10th graders only: Data based on one of two forms in 1996; N is one half of N indicated. Data based on one third of N indicated in 1997–2001 due to

changes in the questionnaire forms. Data based on two of four forms beginning in 2002; N is one half of N indicated. For 12th graders only: Data based on one of

5+ drinks, for which the prevalence of having five or more drinks in a row in the last two weeks is measured.

rFor 8th and 10th graders only: Data based on one of two forms for 1991–1996 and on two of four forms beginning in 1997; N is one half of N indicated. For 12th

graders only: Data based on one of six forms; N is one sixth of N indicated.

uFor 12th graders only: Data based on two of six forms in 2000; N is two sixths of N indicated. Data based on three of six forms in 2001; N is one half of N indicated.

Data based on one of six forms beginning in 2002; N is one sixth of N indicated.

N indicated.

effect from the wording change. The remaining forms were changed in 2005.

xDaily use is defined as use on 20 or more occasions in the past 30 days except for cigarettes and smokeless tobacco, for which actual daily use is measured, and for

one third of N indicated. Data for 2001 and 2002 are not comparable due to changes in the questionnaire forms. qFor 8th, 10th, and 12th graders: In 1993, the question text was changed slightly in half of the forms to indicate that a “drink” meant “more than just a few sips.” The

1993 data are based on the changed forms only; N is one half of N indicated for these groups. In 1994 the remaining forms were changed to the new wording. The

data are based on all forms beginning in 1994. In 2004, the question text was changed slightly in half of the forms. An examination of the data did not show any

yFor 12th graders only: Due to a coding error, previously released versions of this table contained values that were slightly off for the measure of five or more drinks in

a row for 2005 and 2006. These have been corrected here.

Footnotes for Tables 1 through 4

2006; N is one half of N indicated.

wThe 2003 flavored alcoholic beverage data were created by adjusting the 2004 data to reflect the change in the 2003 and 2004 "alcopops" data.

sFor 8th, 10th, and 12th graders: In 2006, the question text was changed slightly in some of the forms. An examination of the data did not show any effect from the

tFor 12th graders only: Data based on two of six forms in 2002–2005; N is two sixths of N indicated. Data based on three of six forms beginning in 2006; N is one half of

vData based on two of six forms in 2000; N is two sixths of N indicated. Data based on three of six forms beginning in 2001; N is one half of N

indicated.

wording change. For 12th graders only: Data based on two of six forms in 1991–2005; N is two sixths of N indicated. Data based on three of six forms beginning in

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007



Including Inhalantsa,c


8th Grade 6.2 7.2 9.2 13.0 15.8 18.3 17.7 16.9 16.5 15.6 15.4 14.6 12.8 11.8 12.2 11.7 10.3 -1.4 s 10th Grade 16.5 15.2 19.2 25.2 28.7 33.6 34.8 31.1 32.1 32.2 32.7 30.3 28.2 27.5 26.6 25.2 24.6 -0.6 12th Grade 23.9 21.9 26.0 30.7 34.7 35.8 38.5 37.5 37.8 36.5 37.0 36.2 34.9 34.3 33.6 31.5 31.7 +0.2



8th Grade 1.9 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.6 4.1 3.7 3.4 2.9 2.8‡ 3.4 2.6 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.9 -0.1 10th Grade 4.0 4.3 4.7 5.8 7.2 7.8 7.6 6.9 6.9 6.1‡ 6.2 4.7 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.4 +0.3 12th Grade 5.8 5.9 7.4 7.6 9.3 10.1 9.8 9.0 9.4 8.1‡ 9.1 6.6 5.9 6.2 5.5 4.9 5.4 +0.5

8th Grade 1.7 2.1 2.3 2.4 3.2 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.4 2.2 1.5 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.1 +0.1 10th Grade 3.7 4.0 4.2 5.2 6.5 6.9 6.7 5.9 6.0 5.1 4.1 2.6 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.9 +0.2 12th Grade 5.2 5.6 6.8 6.9 8.4 8.8 8.4 7.6 8.1 6.6 6.6 3.5 1.9 2.2 1.8 1.7 2.1 +0.4

8th Grade 0.7 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4‡ 2.4 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.6 -0.2 10th Grade 1.3 1.4 1.9 2.4 2.8 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.1‡ 4.3 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.7 3.8 +0.2 12th Grade 2.0 1.7 2.2 3.1 3.8 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.4‡ 5.9 5.4 5.4 5.6 5.0 4.6 4.8 +0.2


Annual

Hallucinogensb,f

Any Illicit Druga

Than Marijuanaa,b

TABLE 2


2007change

Any Illicit Drug

Marijuana/Hashish

Inhalantsc,d


PCPe

Trends in Annual Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Eighth, Tenth, and Twelfth Graders

Any Illicit Drug Other

LSD

Nitritese

2006–

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

8th Grade — — — — — 2.3 2.3 1.8 1.7 3.1 3.5 2.9 2.1 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.5 +0.1 10th Grade — — — — — 4.6 3.9 3.3 4.4 5.4 6.2 4.9 3.0 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.5 +0.7 12th Grade — — — — — 4.6 4.0 3.6 5.6 8.2 9.2 7.4 4.5 4.0 3.0 4.1 4.5 +0.4


8th Grade 0.7 0.9 1.0 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.3 +0.1 10th Grade 0.9 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.8 2.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.0 12th Grade 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.3 1.9 2.1 1.9 -0.1


8th Grade 0.7 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.0 10th Grade 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.9 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.0 12th Grade 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.5 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 +0.2

8th Grade — — — — 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.0 10th Grade — — — — 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 12th Grade — — — — 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 -0.1

8th Grade — — — — 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 -0.1 10th Grade — — — — 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.1 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.0 12th Grade — — — — 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.0 1.6 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.6 1.0 +0.4 s

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12th Grade 3.5 3.3 3.6 3.8 4.7 5.4 6.2 6.3 6.7 7.0 6.7‡ 9.4 9.3 9.5 9.0 9.0 9.2 +0.2

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.6 1.8 -0.7 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — 3.0 3.6 3.5 3.2 3.8 3.9 +0.1 12th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 4.3 5.2 +0.9

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — 2.5 2.8 2.5 2.6 3.0 2.7 -0.3 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — 6.9 7.2 6.2 5.9 7.0 7.2 +0.2 12th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — 9.6 10.5 9.3 9.5 9.7 9.6 -0.2


Annual

Trends in Annual Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs for Eighth, Tenth, and Twelfth Graders

TABLE 2 (cont.)

Heroini

Cocaine

Other Cocaineh

Crack

2007change

MDMA (Ecstasy)g

Amphetaminesk

Vicodinm,t

OxyContinm,t

Other Narcoticsk,l

With a Needlej

Without a Needlej

2006–


1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Ritalinm,n

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.6 2.1 -0.5 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — 4.8 4.8 4.1 3.4 3.4 3.6 2.8 -0.9 12th Grade — — — — — — — — — — 5.1 4.0 4.0 5.1 4.4 4.4 3.8 -0.6

8th Grade — — — — — — — — 3.2 2.5 2.8 2.2 2.5 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.1 -0.7 ss 10th Grade — — — — — — — — 4.6 4.0 3.7 3.9 3.3 3.0 2.9 1.8 1.6 -0.2 12th Grade — — — — — — — — 4.7 4.3 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.4 2.5 2.5 1.7 -0.8 s




8th Grade 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.7 3.3 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.6‡ 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.5 2.8 2.6 2.4 -0.1 10th Grade 3.2 3.5 3.3 3.3 4.0 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.4 5.6‡ 7.3 6.3 5.3 5.1 4.8 5.2 5.3 0.0 12th Grade 3.6 2.8 3.5 3.7 4.4 4.6 4.7 5.5 5.8 5.7‡ 6.9 7.7 6.7 7.3 6.8 6.6 6.2 -0.5

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.2 4.0 -0.1 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.3 5.4 +0.1 12th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.9 5.8 -1.0

8th Grade — — — — — 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 +0.1 10th Grade — — — — — 1.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 +0.1 12th Grade — — — — — 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.0 0.8 0.9‡ 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.1 1.0 -0.1GHBm,u

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — 1.2 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.7 -0.1 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.4 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 -0.1 12th Grade — — — — — — — — — 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.4 2.0 1.1 1.1 0.9 -0.2

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 0.9 0.6 0.9 1.0 +0.1 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.3 1.0 1.0 0.8 -0.2 12th Grade — — — — — — — — — 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.1 1.9 1.6 1.4 1.3 0.0

Annual

TABLE 2 (cont.)Trends in Annual Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs

change

Methamphetaminem,n



Icen

2007

Tranquilizersb,k

2006–

Methaqualonee,k


OTC Cough/Cold Medicinesm,n

Ketaminem,v

Rohypnolp

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

8th Grade 54.0 53.7‡ 45.4 46.8 45.3 46.5 45.5 43.7 43.5 43.1 41.9 38.7 37.2 36.7 33.9 33.6 31.8 -1.8 10th Grade 72.3 70.2‡ 63.4 63.9 63.5 65.0 65.2 62.7 63.7 65.3 63.5 60.0 59.3 58.2 56.7 55.8 56.3 +0.4 12th Grade 77.7 76.8‡ 72.7 73.0 73.7 72.5 74.8 74.3 73.8 73.2 73.3 71.5 70.1 70.6 68.6 66.5 66.4 -0.1


Flavored Alcoholic

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — 30.4 27.9 26.8 26.0 -0.8 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — 49.7 48.5 48.8 45.9 -2.9 s 12th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — 55.2 55.8 58.4 54.7 53.6 -1.0Bidism,n

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — 3.9 2.7 2.7 2.0 1.7 1.6 — — — 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — 6.4 4.9 3.1 2.8 2.1 1.6 — — — 12th Grade — — — — — — — — — 9.2 7.0 5.9 4.0 3.6 3.3 2.3 1.7 -0.6Kreteksm,n

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — 2.6 2.6 2.0 1.9 1.4 — — — 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — 6.0 4.9 3.8 3.7 2.8 — — — 12th Grade — — — — — — — — — — 10.1 8.4 6.7 6.5 7.1 6.2 6.8 +0.6


2007change

Note: See Table 1 for relevant footnotes.Source: The Monitoring the Future study, the University of Michigan.

Been Drunkn


Steroidss

Beveragese,m,w

Annual

Alcohol, Any Useq

2006–

TABLE 2 (cont.)Trends in Annual Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007



Including Inhalantsa,c


8th Grade 3.2 3.7 5.1 7.8 9.1 11.3 10.2 9.7 9.7 9.1 9.2 8.3 7.5 6.4 6.6 6.5 5.7 -0.8 10th Grade 8.7 8.1 10.9 15.8 17.2 20.4 20.5 18.7 19.4 19.7 19.8 17.8 17.0 15.9 15.2 14.2 14.2 -0.1 12th Grade 13.8 11.9 15.5 19.0 21.2 21.9 23.7 22.8 23.1 21.6 22.4 21.5 21.2 19.9 19.8 18.3 18.8 +0.4



8th Grade 0.8 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.2‡ 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.0 1.1 0.9 1.0 +0.1 10th Grade 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.4 3.3 2.8 3.3 3.2 2.9 2.3‡ 2.1 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 +0.2 12th Grade 2.2 2.1 2.7 3.1 4.4 3.5 3.9 3.8 3.5 2.6‡ 3.3 2.3 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.5 1.7 +0.1

LSD 8th Grade 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 +0.1 10th Grade 1.5 1.6 1.6 2.0 3.0 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.3 1.6 1.5 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.0 12th Grade 1.9 2.0 2.4 2.6 4.0 2.5 3.1 3.2 2.7 1.6 2.3 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.0


8th Grade 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.6‡ 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.7 0.0 10th Grade 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2 1.2‡ 1.4 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.4 +0.2 12th Grade 0.7 0.5 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7‡ 1.9 2.0 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.3 1.4 +0.1 PCPe


Hallucinogensb,f


Any Illicit Druga

Marijuana/Hashish

Inhalantsc,d

Nitritese

Any Illicit Drug Other Than Marijuanaa,b

TABLE 3Trends in 30-Day Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs


200730-Day 2006–

change

Any Illicit Drug

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

8th Grade — — — — — 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.4 1.8 1.4 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.0 10th Grade — — — — — 1.8 1.3 1.3 1.8 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.1 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.2 0.0 12th Grade — — — — — 2.0 1.6 1.5 2.5 3.6 2.8 2.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.3 1.6 +0.3

8th Grade 0.5 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 -0.1 10th Grade 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.7 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.8 1.8 1.3 1.6 1.3 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.3 -0.2 12th Grade 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.1 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.0 -0.6 s

8th Grade 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.0 10th Grade 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.5 -0.2 s 12th Grade 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.0

8th Grade 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.6 -0.1 10th Grade 0.6 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.1 -0.1 12th Grade 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.4 1.7 -0.7 s

8th Grade 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.4 +0.2 10th Grade 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.0 12th Grade 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0

8th Grade — — — — 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 +0.1 s 10th Grade — — — — 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.0 12th Grade — — — — 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1

8th Grade — — — — 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 10th Grade — — — — 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 -0.1 12th Grade — — — — 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 +0.1

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12th Grade 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.9 3.0‡ 4.0 4.1 4.3 3.9 3.8 3.8 +0.1

8th Grade 2.6 3.3 3.6 3.6 4.2 4.6 3.8 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 -0.1 10th Grade 3.3 3.6 4.3 4.5 5.3 5.5 5.1 5.1 5.0 5.4 5.6 5.2 4.3 4.0 3.7 3.5 4.0 +0.5 12th Grade 3.2 2.8 3.7 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.8 4.6 4.5 5.0 5.6 5.5 5.0 4.6 3.9 3.7 3.7 0.0

8th Grade — — — — — — — — 1.1 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.2 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.6 0.0 10th Grade — — — — — — — — 1.8 2.0 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.7 0.4 -0.3 12th Grade — — — — — — — — 1.7 1.9 1.5 1.7 1.7 1.4 0.9 0.9 0.6 -0.3


Crystal Meth. (Ice)n

30-Day 2006–

Without a Needlej

Other Narcoticsk,l

Crack

Other Cocaineh


Methamphetaminem,n

Heroini

With a Needlej

MDMA (Ecstasy)g

Cocaine

TABLE 3 (cont.)Trends in 30-Day Prevalence of Use of Various Drugs


2007change

Amphetaminesk

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007


8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12th Grade 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.0


8th Grade — — — — — 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 -0.1 10th Grade — — — — — 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 12th Grade — — — — — 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 — — — — — — —

8th Grade 25.1 26.1‡ 24.3 25.5 24.6 26.2 24.5 23.0 24.0 22.4 21.5 19.6 19.7 18.6 17.1 17.2 15.9 -1.3 10th Grade 42.8 39.9‡ 38.2 39.2 38.8 40.4 40.1 38.8 40.0 41.0 39.0 35.4 35.4 35.2 33.2 33.8 33.4 -0.4 12th Grade 54.0 51.3‡ 48.6 50.1 51.3 50.8 52.7 52.0 51.0 50.0 49.8 48.6 47.5 48.0 47.0 45.3 44.4 -0.9


Flavored Alcoholic Beveragese,m

8th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — 14.6 12.9 13.1 12.2 -0.9 10th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — 25.1 23.1 24.7 21.8 -2.9 ss 12th Grade — — — — — — — — — — — — — 31.1 30.5 29.3 29.1 -0.2

8th Grade 14.3 15.5 16.7 18.6 19.1 21.0 19.4 19.1 17.5 14.6 12.2 10.7 10.2 9.2 9.3 8.7 7.1 -1.6 ss 10th Grade 20.8 21.5 24.7 25.4 27.9 30.4 29.8 27.6 25.7 23.9 21.3 17.7 16.7 16.0 14.9 14.5 14.0 -0.5 12th Grade 28.3 27.8 29.9 31.2 33.5 34.0 36.5 35.1 34.6 31.4 29.5 26.7 24.4 25.0 23.2 21.6 21.6 0.0

8th Grade 6.9 7.0 6.6 7.7 7.1 7.1 5.5 4.8 4.5 4.2 4.0 3.3 4.1 4.1 3.3 3.7 3.2 -0.5 10th Grade 10.0 9.6 10.4 10.5 9.7 8.6 8.9 7.5 6.5 6.1 6.9 6.1 5.3 4.9 5.6 5.7 6.1 +0.4 12th Grade — 11.4 10.7 11.1 12.2 9.8 9.7 8.8 8.4 7.6 7.8 6.5 6.7 6.7 7.6 6.1 6.6 +0.5

8th Grade 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 -0.1 10th Grade 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 -0.1 12th Grade 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.7 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.8 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.6 0.9 1.1 1.0 0.0


Trends in 30-Day Prevalence of Use of Various Drugsfor Eighth, Tenth, and Twelfth Graders

2007change

30-Day 2006–

TABLE 3 (cont.)

Methaqualonee,k

Source: The Monitoring the Future study, the University of Michigan.Note: See Table 1 for relevant footnotes.

Smokeless Tobaccor

Tranquilizersb,k

Rohypnolp

Steroidss

Alcohol, Any Useq

Cigarettes, Any Use

Been Drunkn

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Dailyw

8th Grade 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.3 1.2 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.8 -0.2 10th Grade 0.8 0.8 1.0 2.2 2.8 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.8 3.8 4.5 3.9 3.6 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.8 +0.1 12th Grade 2.0 1.9 2.4 3.6 4.6 4.9 5.8 5.6 6.0 6.0 5.8 6.0 6.0 5.6 5.0 5.0 5.1 +0.1Alcoholp,w

Any Daily Use 8th Grade 0.5 0.6‡ 1.0 1.0 0.7 1.0 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 +0.1 10th Grade 1.3 1.2‡ 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 0.0 12th Grade 3.6 3.4‡ 3.4 2.9 3.5 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.4 2.9 3.6 3.5 3.2 2.8 3.1 3.0 3.1 0.0

Dailyn,w

8th Grade 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 10th Grade 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.0 12th Grade 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.2 1.3 1.6 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.6 1.3 -0.2

5+ Drinks in a Row

8th Grade 12.9 13.4 13.5 14.5 14.5 15.6 14.5 13.7 15.2 14.1 13.2 12.4 11.9 11.4 10.5 10.9 10.3 -0.6 10th Grade 22.9 21.1 23.0 23.6 24.0 24.8 25.1 24.3 25.6 26.2 24.9 22.4 22.2 22.0 21.0 21.9 21.9 0.0 12th Grade 29.8 27.9 27.5 28.2 29.8 30.2 31.3 31.5 30.8 30.0 29.7 28.6 27.9 29.2 27.1 25.4 25.9 +0.5

Cigarettes Any Daily Use 8th Grade 7.2 7.0 8.3 8.8 9.3 10.4 9.0 8.8 8.1 7.4 5.5 5.1 4.5 4.4 4.0 4.0 3.0 -0.9 s 10th Grade 12.6 12.3 14.2 14.6 16.3 18.3 18.0 15.8 15.9 14.0 12.2 10.1 8.9 8.3 7.5 7.6 7.2 -0.4 12th Grade 18.5 17.2 19.0 19.4 21.6 22.2 24.6 22.4 23.1 20.6 19.0 16.9 15.8 15.6 13.6 12.2 12.3 +0.1

1/2 Pack+/Day 8th Grade 3.1 2.9 3.5 3.6 3.4 4.3 3.5 3.6 3.3 2.8 2.3 2.1 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.1 -0.4 10th Grade 6.5 6.0 7.0 7.6 8.3 9.4 8.6 7.9 7.6 6.2 5.5 4.4 4.1 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.7 -0.5 12th Grade 10.7 10.0 10.9 11.2 12.4 13.0 14.3 12.6 13.2 11.3 10.3 9.1 8.4 8.0 6.9 5.9 5.7 -0.2

8th Grade 1.6 1.8 1.5 1.9 1.2 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.2 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 +0.1 10th Grade 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.0 2.7 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.8 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.6 -0.1 12th Grade — 4.3 3.3 3.9 3.6 3.3 4.4 3.2 2.9 3.2 2.8 2.0 2.2 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.8 +0.7

change

TABLE 4Trends in 30-Day Prevalence of Daily Use of Various Drugs


2007Daily 2006–

Source: The Monitoring the Future study, the University of Michigan.Note: See Table 1 for relevant footnotes.

Dailyq

Marijuana/Hashish

Been Drunk

Smokeless Tobacco

in Last 2 Weeksx

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Try

mar

ijuan

a on

ce o

r tw

ice

40.4

39.1

36.2

31.6

28.9

27.9

25.3

28.1

28.0

29.0

27.7

28.2

30.2

31.9

31.4

32.2

32.8

+0.6

Smok

e m

ariju

ana

occa

siona

lly57

.956

.353

.848

.645

.944

.343

.145

.045

.747

.446

.346

.048

.650

.548

.948

.950

.2+1

.3Sm

oke

mar

ijuan

a re

gula

rly83

.882

.079

.674

.373

.070

.972

.773

.073

.374

.872

.271

.774

.276

.273

.973

.274

.3+1

.1Tr

y in

hala

nts o

nce

or tw

ice

b35

.937

.036

.537

.936

.440

.840

.138

.940

.841

.245

.642

.840

.338

.737

.535

.835

.9+0

.1Ta

ke in

hala

nts r

egul

arly

b65

.664

.464

.665

.564

.868

.268

.767

.268

.869

.971

.669

.967

.466

.464

.162

.161

.9-0

.2Ta

ke L

SD o

nce

or tw

ice

c—

—42

.138

.336

.736

.537

.034

.934

.134

.031

.629

.627

.926

.825

.823

.822

.8-1

.0Ta

ke L

SD re

gula

rlyc

——

68.3

65.8

64.4

63.6

64.1

59.6

58.8

57.5

52.9

49.3

48.2

45.2

44.0

40.0

38.5

-1.5

Try

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

) onc

e or

twic

ed

——

——

——

——

——

35.8

38.9

41.9

42.5

40.0

32.8

30.4

-2.3

Take

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

) occ

asio

nally

d—

——

——

——

——

—55

.561

.865

.865

.160

.852

.048

.6-3

.4s

Try

crac

k on

ce o

r tw

ice

b62

.861

.257

.254

.450

.851

.049

.949

.348

.748

.548

.647

.448

.749

.049

.647

.647

.3-0

.3Ta

ke c

rack

occ

asio

nally

b82

.279

.676

.874

.472

.171

.671

.270

.670

.670

.170

.069

.770

.370

.469

.468

.768

.3-0

.5Tr

y co

cain

e po

wd

er o

nce

or tw

ice

b55

.554

.150

.748

.444

.945

.245

.044

.043

.343

.343

.943

.243

.744

.444

.243

.543

.5+0

.1Ta

ke c

ocai

ne p

owd

er o

ccas

iona

llyb

77.0

74.3

71.8

69.1

66.4

65.7

65.8

65.2

65.4

65.5

65.8

64.9

65.8

66.0

65.3

64.0

64.2

+0.2

Try

hero

in o

nce

or tw

ice

with

out u

sing

a ne

edle

c—

——

—60

.161

.363

.062

.863

.062

.061

.162

.662

.761

.661

.460

.460

.3-0

.2Ta

ke h

eroi

n oc

casio

nally

with

out u

sing

a ne

edle

c—

——

—76

.876

.679

.279

.078

.978

.678

.578

.577

.877

.576

.875

.376

.4+1

.1Tr

y on

e or

two

drin

ks o

f an

alco

holic

bev

erag

e (

beer

, win

e, liq

uor)

11.0

12.1

12.4

11.6

11.6

11.8

10.4

12.1

11.6

11.9

12.2

12.5

12.6

13.7

13.9

14.2

14.9

+0.7

Take

one

or t

wo

drin

ks n

early

eve

ry d

ay31

.832

.432

.629

.930

.528

.629

.130

.329

.730

.430

.029

.629

.931

.031

.431

.332

.6+1

.4Ha

ve fi

ve o

r mor

e d

rinks

onc

e or

twic

e e

ach

wee

kend

59.1

58.0

57.7

54.7

54.1

51.8

55.6

56.0

55.3

55.9

56.1

56.4

56.5

56.9

57.2

56.4

57.9

+1.4

Smok

e on

e or

mor

e pa

cks o

f cig

aret

tes p

er d

aye

51.6

50.8

52.7

50.8

49.8

50.4

52.6

54.3

54.8

58.8

57.1

57.5

57.7

62.4

61.5

59.4

61.1

+1.7

Use

smok

eles

s tob

acco

regu

larly

35.1

35.1

36.9

35.5

33.5

34.0

35.2

36.5

37.1

39.0

38.2

39.4

39.7

41.3

40.8

39.5

41.8

+2.2

Take

ster

oid

sf64

.269

.570

.267

.6—

——

——

——

——

——

——

—A

ppro

ximat

e N

=17

,400

18,7

0018

,400

17,4

0017

,500

17,9

0018

,800

18,1

0016

,700

16,7

0016

,200

15,1

0016

,500

17,0

0016

,800

16,5

0016

,100

dD

ata

base

d o

n on

e th

ird o

f N in

dic

ated

.e Be

ginn

ing

in 1

999,

dat

a ba

sed

on

two

third

s of N

ind

icat

ed d

ue to

cha

nges

in q

uest

ionn

aire

form

s.f D

ata

base

d o

n tw

o fo

rms i

n 19

91 a

nd 1

992.

Dat

a ba

sed

on

one

of tw

o fo

rms i

n 19

93 a

nd 1

994;

N is

one

hal

f of N

ind

icat

ed.

Sour

ce:

The

Mon

itorin

g th

e Fu

ture

stud

y, th

e Un

iver

sity

of M

ichi

gan.

aA

nsw

er a

ltern

ativ

es w

ere:

(1)

No

risk,

(2) S

light

risk

, (3)

Mod

erat

e ris

k, (4

) Gre

at ri

sk, a

nd (5

) Can

’t sa

y, d

rug

unfa

milia

r.bBe

ginn

ing

in 1

997,

dat

a ba

sed

on

two

third

s of N

ind

icat

ed d

ue to

cha

nges

in q

uest

ionn

aire

form

s.c D

ata

base

d o

n on

e of

two

form

s in

1993

–199

6; N

is o

ne h

alf o

f N in

dic

ated

. Be

ginn

ing

in 1

997,

dat

a ba

sed

on

one

third

of N

ind

icat

ed d

ue to

cha

nges

in q

uest

ionn

aire

form

s.

Not

es:

Le

vel o

f sig

nific

ance

of d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n th

e tw

o m

ost r

ecen

t cla

sses

: s =

0.0

5, ss

= 0

.01,

sss =

0.0

01.

"—" i

ndic

ates

dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e.

TA

BL

E 5

T

rend

s in

Har

mfu

lnes

s of D

rugs

as P

erce

ived

by

Eig

hth

Gra

ders

A

ny a

ppar

ent i

ncon

siste

ncy

betw

een

the

chan

ge e

stim

ate

and

the

prev

alen

ce-o

f-use

est

imat

es fo

r the

two

mos

t rec

ent c

lass

es is

due

to ro

und

ing

erro

r.

Perc

enta

ge sa

ying

"gre

at ri

sk"a

How

muc

h d

o yo

u th

ink

peop

le ri

sk h

arm

ing

them

selv

es (p

hysic

ally

or i

n ot

her w

ays)

, if t

hey

. . .

2007

chan

ge

2006

–

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Try

mar

ijuan

a on

ce o

r tw

ice

30.0

31.9

29.7

24.4

21.5

20.0

18.8

19.6

19.2

18.5

17.9

19.9

21.1

22.0

22.3

22.2

22.2

0.0

Smok

e m

ariju

ana

occa

siona

lly48

.648

.946

.138

.935

.432

.831

.932

.533

.532

.431

.232

.034

.936

.236

.635

.636

.0+0

.4Sm

oke

mar

ijuan

a re

gula

rly82

.181

.178

.571

.367

.965

.965

.965

.865

.964

.762

.860

.863

.965

.665

.564

.964

.5-0

.4Tr

y in

hala

nts o

nce

or tw

ice

b37

.838

.740

.942

.741

.647

.247

.545

.848

.246

.649

.948

.747

.746

.745

.743

.943

.0-0

.9Ta

ke in

hala

nts r

egul

arly

b69

.867

.969

.671

.571

.875

.874

.573

.376

.375

.076

.473

.472

.273

.071

.270

.268

.6-1

.6Ta

ke L

SD o

nce

or tw

ice

c—

—48

.746

.544

.745

.144

.543

.545

.043

.041

.340

.140

.840

.640

.338

.835

.4-3

.4s

Take

LSD

regu

larly

c —

—78

.975

.975

.575

.373

.872

.373

.972

.068

.864

.963

.063

.160

.860

.756

.8-4

.0ss

Try

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

) onc

e or

twic

ed

——

——

——

——

——

39.4

43.5

49.7

52.0

51.4

48.4

45.3

-3.1

Take

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

) occ

asio

nally

d—

——

——

——

——

—64

.867

.371

.774

.672

.871

.368

.2-3

.1s

Try

crac

k on

ce o

r tw

ice

b70

.469

.666

.664

.760

.960

.959

.258

.057

.856

.157

.157

.457

.656

.757

.056

.656

.4-0

.2Ta

ke c

rack

occ

asio

nally

b87

.486

.484

.483

.181

.280

.378

.777

.579

.176

.977

.375

.776

.476

.776

.976

.276

.0-0

.2Tr

y co

cain

e po

wd

er o

nce

or tw

ice

b59

.159

.257

.556

.453

.553

.652

.250

.951

.648

.850

.651

.351

.850

.751

.350

.249

.5-0

.7Ta

ke c

ocai

ne p

owd

er o

ccas

iona

llyb

82.2

80.1

79.1

77.8

75.6

75.0

73.9

71.8

73.6

70.9

72.3

71.0

71.4

72.2

72.4

71.3

70.9

-0.4

Try

hero

in o

nce

or tw

ice

with

out u

sing

a ne

edle

c—

——

—70

.772

.173

.171

.773

.771

.772

.072

.270

.672

.072

.470

.070

.5+0

.5Ta

ke h

eroi

n oc

casio

nally

with

out u

sing

a ne

edle

c—

——

—85

.185

.886

.584

.986

.585

.285

.483

.483

.585

.485

.283

.684

.2+0

.6Tr

y on

e or

two

drin

ks o

f an

alco

holic

bev

erag

e (

beer

, win

e, liq

uor)

9.0

10.1

10.9

9.4

9.3

8.9

9.0

10.1

10.5

9.6

9.8

11.5

11.5

10.8

11.5

11.1

11.6

+0.5

Take

one

or t

wo

drin

ks n

early

eve

ry d

ay36

.136

.835

.932

.531

.731

.231

.831

.932

.932

.331

.531

.030

.931

.332

.631

.733

.3+1

.6Ha

ve fi

ve o

r mor

e d

rinks

onc

e or

twic

e e

ach

wee

kend

54.7

55.9

54.9

52.9

52.0

50.9

51.8

52.5

51.9

51.0

50.7

51.7

51.6

51.7

53.3

52.4

54.1

+1.7

Smok

e on

e or

mor

e pa

cks o

f cig

aret

tes p

er d

aye

60.3

59.3

60.7

59.0

57.0

57.9

59.9

61.9

62.7

65.9

64.7

64.3

65.7

68.4

68.1

67.7

68.2

+0.4

Use

smok

eles

s tob

acco

regu

larly

40.3

39.6

44.2

42.2

38.2

41.0

42.2

42.8

44.2

46.7

46.2

46.9

48.0

47.8

46.1

45.9

46.7

+0.8

Take

ster

oid

sf67

.172

.773

.472

.5—

——

——

——

——

——

——

—A

ppro

ximat

e N

=14

,700

14,8

0015

,300

15,9

0017

,000

15,7

0015

,600

15,0

0013

,600

14,3

0014

,000

14,3

0015

,800

16,4

0016

,200

16,2

0016

,100

TA

BL

E 6

T

rend

s in

Har

mfu

lnes

s of D

rugs

as P

erce

ived

by

Ten

th G

rade

rs

Perc

enta

ge sa

ying

"gre

at ri

sk"a

How

muc

h d

o yo

u th

ink

peop

le ri

sk h

arm

ing

them

selv

es (p

hysic

ally

or i

n ot

her w

ays)

, if t

hey

. . .

2007

chan

ge

2006

–

dD

ata

base

d o

n on

e th

ird o

f N in

dic

ated

.e Be

ginn

ing

in 1

999,

dat

a ba

sed

on

two

third

s of N

ind

icat

ed d

ue to

cha

nges

in q

uest

ionn

aire

form

s.f D

ata

base

d o

n tw

o fo

rms i

n 19

91 a

nd 1

992.

Dat

a ba

sed

on

one

of tw

o fo

rms i

n 19

93 a

nd 1

994;

N is

one

hal

f of N

ind

icat

ed.

Sour

ce:

The

Mon

itorin

g th

e Fu

ture

stud

y, th

e Un

iver

sity

of M

ichi

gan.

aA

nsw

er a

ltern

ativ

es w

ere:

(1)

No

risk,

(2) S

light

risk

, (3)

Mod

erat

e ris

k, (4

) Gre

at ri

sk, a

nd (5

) Can

’t sa

y, d

rug

unfa

milia

r.bBe

ginn

ing

in 1

997,

dat

a ba

sed

on

two

third

s of N

ind

icat

ed d

ue to

cha

nges

in q

uest

ionn

aire

form

s.c D

ata

base

d o

n on

e of

two

form

s in

1993

–199

6; N

is o

ne h

alf o

f N in

dic

ated

. Be

ginn

ing

in 1

997,

dat

a ba

sed

on

one

third

of N

ind

icat

ed d

ue to

cha

nges

in q

uest

ionn

aire

form

s.

Not

es:

Le

vel o

f sig

nific

ance

of d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n th

e tw

o m

ost r

ecen

t cla

sses

: s =

0.0

5, ss

= 0

.01,

sss =

0.0

01.

"—" i

ndic

ates

dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e.

A

ny a

ppar

ent i

ncon

siste

ncy

betw

een

the

chan

ge e

stim

ate

and

the

prev

alen

ce-o

f-use

est

imat

es fo

r the

two

mos

t rec

ent c

lass

es is

due

to ro

und

ing

erro

r.

How

muc

h d

o yo

u th

ink

peop

le ri

sk h

arm

ing

them

selv

es (p

hysic

ally

or i

n ot

her w

ays)

,if

they

. . .

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

Try

mar

ijuan

a on

ce o

r tw

ice

15.1

11.4

9.5

8.1

9.4

10.0

13.0

11.5

12.7

14.7

14.8

15.1

18.4

19.0

23.6

23.1

27.1

Smok

e m

ariju

ana

occa

siona

lly18

.115

.013

.412

.413

.514

.719

.118

.320

.622

.624

.525

.030

.431

.736

.536

.940

.6Sm

oke

mar

ijuan

a re

gula

rly43

.338

.636

.434

.942

.050

.457

.660

.462

.866

.970

.471

.373

.577

.077

.577

.878

.6Tr

y LS

D o

nce

or tw

ice

49.4

45.7

43.2

42.7

41.6

43.9

45.5

44.9

44.7

45.4

43.5

42.0

44.9

45.7

46.0

44.7

46.6

Take

LSD

regu

larly

81

.480

.879

.181

.182

.483

.083

.583

.583

.283

.882

.982

.683

.884

.284

.384

.584

.3Tr

y PC

P on

ce o

r tw

ice

——

——

——

——

——

——

55.6

58.8

56.6

55.2

51.7

Try

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

) onc

e or

twic

e—

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

Try

coca

ine

once

or t

wic

e42

.639

.135

.633

.231

.531

.332

.132

.833

.035

.734

.033

.547

.951

.254

.959

.459

.4Ta

ke c

ocai

ne o

ccas

iona

lly—

——

——

——

——

——

54.2

66.8

69.2

71.8

73.9

75.5

Take

coc

aine

regu

larly

73.1

72.3

68.2

68.2

69.5

69.2

71.2

73.0

74.3

78.8

79.0

82.2

88.5

89.2

90.2

91.1

90.4

Try

crac

k on

ce o

r tw

ice

——

——

——

——

——

——

57.0

62.1

62.9

64.3

60.6

Take

cra

ck o

ccas

iona

lly—

——

——

——

——

——

—70

.473

.275

.380

.476

.5Ta

ke c

rack

regu

larly

——

——

——

——

——

——

84.6

84.8

85.6

91.6

90.1

Try

coca

ine

pow

der

onc

e or

twic

e—

——

——

——

——

——

—45

.351

.753

.853

.953

.6Ta

ke c

ocai

ne p

owd

er o

ccas

iona

lly—

——

——

——

——

——

—56

.861

.965

.871

.169

.8Ta

ke c

ocai

ne p

owd

er re

gula

rly—

——

——

——

——

——

—81

.482

.983

.990

.288

.9Tr

y he

roin

onc

e or

twic

e60

.158

.955

.852

.950

.452

.152

.951

.150

.849

.847

.345

.853

.654

.053

.855

.455

.2Ta

ke h

eroi

n oc

casio

nally

75.6

75.6

71.9

71.4

70.9

70.9

72.2

69.8

71.8

70.7

69.8

68.2

74.6

73.8

75.5

76.6

74.9

Take

her

oin

regu

larly

87.2

88.6

86.1

86.6

87.5

86.2

87.5

86.0

86.1

87.2

86.0

87.1

88.7

88.8

89.5

90.2

89.6

Try

hero

in o

nce

or tw

ice

with

out u

sing

a ne

edle

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

—Ta

ke h

eroi

n oc

casio

nally

with

out u

sing

a ne

edle

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

—Tr

y am

phet

amin

es o

nce

or tw

ice

35.4

33.4

30.8

29.9

29.7

29.7

26.4

25.3

24.7

25.4

25.2

25.1

29.1

29.6

32.8

32.2

36.3

Take

am

phet

amin

es re

gula

rly69

.067

.366

.667

.169

.969

.166

.164

.764

.867

.167

.267

.369

.469

.871

.271

.274

.1Tr

y cr

ysta

l met

h. (i

ce) o

nce

or tw

ice

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

61.6

Try

sed

ativ

es (b

arbi

tura

tes)

onc

e or

twic

eb

34.8

32.5

31.2

31.3

30.7

30.9

28.4

27.5

27.0

27.4

26.1

25.4

30.9

29.7

32.2

32.4

35.1

Take

sed

ativ

es (b

arbi

tura

tes)

regu

larly

b69

.167

.768

.668

.471

.672

.269

.967

.667

.768

.568

.367

.269

.469

.670

.570

.270

.5Tr

y on

e or

two

drin

ks o

f an

alco

holic

bev

erag

e (

beer

, win

e, liq

uor)

5.3

4.8

4.1

3.4

4.1

3.8

4.6

3.5

4.2

4.6

5.0

4.6

6.2

6.0

6.0

8.3

9.1

Take

one

or t

wo

drin

ks n

early

eve

ry d

ay21

.521

.218

.519

.622

.620

.321

.621

.621

.623

.024

.425

.126

.227

.328

.531

.332

.7Ta

ke fo

ur o

r fiv

e d

rinks

nea

rly e

very

day

63.5

61.0

62.9

63.1

66.2

65.7

64.5

65.5

66.8

68.4

69.8

66.5

69.7

68.5

69.8

70.9

69.5

Have

five

or m

ore

drin

ks o

nce

or tw

ice

eac

h w

eeke

nd37

.837

.034

.734

.534

.935

.936

.336

.038

.641

.743

.039

.141

.942

.644

.047

.148

.6Sm

oke

one

or m

ore

pack

s of c

igar

ette

s per

day

51.3

56.4

58.4

59.0

63.0

63.7

63.3

60.5

61.2

63.8

66.5

66.0

68.6

68.0

67.2

68.2

69.4

Use

smok

eles

s tob

acco

regu

larly

——

——

——

——

——

—25

.830

.033

.232

.934

.237

.4Ta

ke st

eroi

ds

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

63.8

69.9

65.6

App

roxim

ate

N =

2,80

42,

918

3,05

23,

770

3,25

03,

234

3,60

43,

557

3,30

53,

262

3,25

03,

020

3,31

53,

276

2,79

62,

553

2,54

9

TA

BL

E 7

T

rend

s in

Har

mfu

lnes

s of D

rugs

as P

erce

ived

by

Tw

elft

h G

rade

rs

Perc

enta

ge sa

ying

"gre

at ri

sk"a

Cla

ss o

f:

A

ny a

ppar

ent i

ncon

siste

ncy

betw

een

the

chan

ge e

stim

ate

and

the

prev

alen

ce-o

f-use

est

imat

es fo

r the

two

mos

t rec

ent c

lass

es is

due

to ro

und

ing

erro

r.

Not

es:

Le

vel o

f sig

nific

ance

of d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n th

e tw

o m

ost r

ecen

t cla

sses

: s =

0.0

5, ss

= 0

.01,

sss =

0.0

01.

"—" i

ndic

ates

dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e. "

‡" in

dic

ates

som

e ch

ange

in th

e qu

estio

n. S

ee re

leva

nt fo

otno

te.

Sour

ce:

The

Mon

itorin

g th

e Fu

ture

stud

y, th

e Un

iver

sity

of M

ichi

gan.

Con

t.

How

muc

h d

o yo

u th

ink

peop

le ri

sk h

arm

ing

them

selv

es (p

hysic

ally

or i

n ot

her w

ays)

,if

they

. . .

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Try

mar

ijuan

a on

ce o

r tw

ice

24.5

21.9

19.5

16.3

15.6

14.9

16.7

15.7

13.7

15.3

16.1

16.1

15.9

16.1

17.8

18.6

+0.8

Smok

e m

ariju

ana

occa

siona

lly39

.635

.630

.125

.625

.924

.724

.423

.923

.423

.523

.226

.625

.425

.825

.927

.1+1

.2Sm

oke

mar

ijuan

a re

gula

rly76

.572

.565

.060

.859

.958

.158

.557

.458

.357

.453

.054

.954

.658

.057

.954

.8-3

.1Tr

y LS

D o

nce

or tw

ice

42.3

39.5

38.8

36.4

36.2

34.7

37.4

34.9

34.3

33.2

36.7

36.2

36.2

36.5

36.1

37.0

+1.0

Take

LSD

regu

larly

81

.879

.479

.178

.177

.876

.676

.576

.175

.974

.173

.972

.370

.269

.969

.367

.3-2

.0Tr

y PC

P on

ce o

r tw

ice

54.8

50.8

51.5

49.1

51.0

48.8

46.8

44.8

45.0

46.2

48.3

45.2

47.1

46.6

47.0

48.0

+1.1

Try

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

) onc

e or

twic

e—

——

——

33.8

34.5

35.0

37.9

45.7

52.2

56.3

57.7

60.1

59.3

58.1

-1.2

Try

coca

ine

once

or t

wic

e56

.857

.657

.253

.754

.253

.654

.652

.151

.150

.751

.251

.050

.750

.552

.551

.3-1

.2Ta

ke c

ocai

ne o

ccas

iona

lly75

.173

.373

.770

.872

.172

.470

.170

.169

.569

.968

.369

.167

.266

.769

.868

.8-1

.0Ta

ke c

ocai

ne re

gula

rly90

.290

.189

.387

.988

.387

.186

.385

.886

.284

.184

.583

.082

.282

.884

.683

.3-1

.3Tr

y cr

ack

once

or t

wic

e62

.457

.658

.454

.656

.054

.052

.248

.248

.449

.450

.847

.347

.848

.447

.847

.3-0

.5Ta

ke c

rack

occ

asio

nally

76.3

73.9

73.8

72.8

71.4

70.3

68.7

67.3

65.8

65.4

65.6

64.0

64.5

63.8

64.8

63.6

-1.2

Take

cra

ck re

gula

rly89

.387

.589

.688

.688

.086

.285

.385

.485

.385

.884

.183

.283

.583

.382

.882

.6-0

.2Tr

y co

cain

e po

wd

er o

nce

or tw

ice

57.1

53.2

55.4

52.0

53.2

51.4

48.5

46.1

47.0

49.0

49.5

46.2

45.4

46.2

45.8

45.1

-0.7

Take

coc

aine

pow

der

occ

asio

nally

70.8

68.6

70.6

69.1

68.8

67.7

65.4

64.2

64.7

63.2

64.4

61.4

61.6

60.8

61.9

59.9

-2.1

Take

coc

aine

pow

der

regu

larly

88.4

87.0

88.6

87.8

86.8

86.0

84.1

84.6

85.5

84.4

84.2

82.3

81.7

82.7

82.1

81.5

-0.6

Try

hero

in o

nce

or tw

ice

50.9

50.7

52.8

50.9

52.5

56.7

57.8

56.0

54.2

55.6

56.0

58.0

56.6

55.2

59.1

58.4

-0.7

Take

her

oin

occa

siona

lly74

.272

.072

.171

.074

.876

.376

.977

.374

.675

.976

.678

.575

.776

.079

.176

.2-2

.9Ta

ke h

eroi

n re

gula

rly89

.288

.388

.087

.289

.588

.989

.189

.989

.288

.388

.589

.386

.887

.589

.787

.8-1

.9Tr

y he

roin

onc

e or

twic

e w

ithou

t usin

g a

need

le—

——

55.6

58.6

60.5

59.6

58.5

61.6

60.7

60.6

58.9

61.2

60.5

62.6

60.2

-2.4

Take

her

oin

occa

siona

lly w

ithou

t usin

g a

need

le—

——

71.2

71.0

74.3

73.4

73.6

74.7

74.4

74.7

73.0

76.1

73.3

76.2

73.9

-2.4

Try

amph

etam

ines

onc

e or

twic

e32

.631

.331

.428

.830

.831

.035

.332

.232

.634

.734

.436

.835

.737

.739

.541

.3+1

.9Ta

ke a

mph

etam

ines

regu

larly

72.4

69.9

67.0

65.9

66.8

66.0

67.7

66.4

66.3

67.1

64.8

65.6

63.9

67.1

68.1

68.1

-0.1

Try

crys

tal m

eth.

(ice

) onc

e or

twic

e61

.957

.558

.354

.455

.354

.452

.751

.251

.352

.753

.851

.252

.454

.659

.160

.2+1

.1Tr

y se

dat

ives

(bar

bitu

rate

s) o

nce

or tw

ice

b32

.229

.229

.926

.329

.126

.929

.026

.125

.025

.726

.227

.9‡

24.9

24.7

28.0

27.9

-0.1

Take

sed

ativ

es (b

arbi

tura

tes)

regu

larly

b70

.266

.163

.361

.660

.456

.856

.354

.152

.350

.349

.349

.6‡

54.0

54.1

56.8

55.1

-1.6

Try

one

or tw

o d

rinks

of a

n al

coho

lic b

ever

age

(be

er, w

ine,

liquo

r)8.

68.

27.

65.

97.

36.

78.

08.

36.

48.

77.

68.

48.

68.

59.

310

.5+1

.1Ta

ke o

ne o

r tw

o d

rinks

nea

rly e

very

day

30.6

28.2

27.0

24.8

25.1

24.8

24.3

21.8

21.7

23.4

21.0

20.1

23.0

23.7

25.3

25.1

-0.2

Take

four

or f

ive

drin

ks n

early

eve

ry d

ay70

.567

.866

.262

.865

.663

.062

.161

.159

.960

.758

.857

.859

.261

.863

.461

.8-1

.6Ha

ve fi

ve o

r mor

e d

rinks

onc

e or

twic

e e

ach

wee

kend

49.0

48.3

46.5

45.2

49.5

43.0

42.8

43.1

42.7

43.6

42.2

43.5

43.6

45.0

47.6

45.8

-1.8

Smok

e on

e or

mor

e pa

cks o

f cig

aret

tes p

er d

ay69

.269

.567

.665

.668

.268

.770

.870

.873

.173

.374

.272

.174

.076

.577

.677

.3-0

.3Us

e sm

okel

ess t

obac

co re

gula

rly35

.538

.936

.633

.237

.438

.640

.941

.142

.245

.442

.643

.345

.043

.645

.944

.0-1

.9Ta

ke st

eroi

ds

70.7

69.1

66.1

66.4

67.6

67.2

68.1

62.1

57.9

58.9

57.1

55.0

55.7

56.8

60.2

57.4

-2.8

App

roxim

ate

N =

2,68

42,

759

2,59

12,

603

2,44

92,

579

2,56

42,

306

2,13

02,

173

2,19

82,

466

2,49

12,

512

2,40

72,

450

Cla

ss o

f:

bIn

200

4 th

e qu

estio

n te

xt w

as c

hang

ed fr

om “

barb

itura

tes”

to “

sed

ativ

es/b

arbi

tura

tes”

and

the

list o

f exa

mpl

es w

as c

hang

ed fr

om "d

owne

rs, g

oofb

alls,

red

s, ye

llow

s, et

c." t

o ju

st "d

owne

rs."

Thes

e ch

ange

s lik

ely

expl

ain

the

disc

ontin

uity

in th

e 20

04 re

sults

.

TA

BL

E 7

(con

t.)

Tre

nds i

n H

arm

fuln

ess o

f Dru

gs a

s Per

ceiv

ed b

y T

wel

fth

Gra

ders

aA

nsw

er a

ltern

ativ

es w

ere:

(1)

No

risk,

(2) S

light

risk

, (3)

Mod

erat

e ris

k, (4

) Gre

at ri

sk, a

nd (5

) Can

’t sa

y, d

rug

unfa

milia

r.

chan

ge20

07Pe

rcen

tage

sayi

ng "g

reat

risk

"a20

06–

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Try

mar

ijuan

a on

ce o

r tw

ice

84.6

82.1

79.2

72.9

70.7

67.5

67.6

69.0

70.7

72.5

72.4

73.3

73.8

75.9

75.3

76.0

78.7

+2.8

sss

Smok

e m

ariju

ana

occa

siona

lly89

.588

.185

.780

.979

.776

.578

.178

.479

.380

.680

.680

.981

.583

.182

.482

.284

.5+2

.3ss

Smok

e m

ariju

ana

regu

larly

92.1

90.8

88.9

85.3

85.1

82.8

84.6

84.5

84.5

85.3

84.5

85.3

85.7

86.8

86.3

86.1

87.7

+1.7

sTr

y in

hala

nts o

nce

or tw

ice

b84

.984

.082

.581

.681

.882

.984

.183

.085

.285

.486

.686

.185

.185

.184

.683

.484

.1+0

.7Ta

ke in

hala

nts r

egul

arly

b90

.690

.088

.988

.188

.889

.390

.389

.590

.390

.290

.590

.489

.890

.189

.889

.089

.5+0

.5Ta

ke L

SD o

nce

or tw

ice

c—

—77

.175

.271

.670

.972

.169

.169

.466

.764

.662

.661

.058

.158

.553

.953

.5-0

.4Ta

ke L

SD re

gula

rlyc

——

79.8

78.4

75.8

75.3

76.3

72.5

72.5

69.3

67.0

65.5

63.5

60.5

60.7

55.8

55.6

-0.2

Try

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

) onc

e or

twic

ed

——

——

——

——

——

69.0

74.3

77.7

76.3

75.0

66.7

65.7

-1.0

Take

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

) occ

asio

nally

d—

——

——

——

——

—73

.678

.681

.379

.477

.969

.868

.3-1

.5Tr

y cr

ack

once

or t

wic

eb

91.7

90.7

89.1

86.9

85.9

85.0

85.7

85.4

86.0

85.4

86.0

86.2

86.4

87.4

87.6

87.2

88.6

+1.4

sTa

ke c

rack

occ

asio

nally

b93

.392

.591

.789

.989

.889

.390

.389

.589

.988

.889

.889

.689

.890

.390

.590

.091

.2+1

.1Tr

y co

cain

e po

wd

er o

nce

or tw

ice

b91

.289

.688

.586

.185

.383

.985

.184

.585

.284

.885

.685

.885

.686

.887

.086

.588

.2+1

.7s

Take

coc

aine

pow

der

occ

asio

nally

b93

.192

.491

.689

.789

.788

.790

.189

.389

.988

.889

.689

.989

.890

.390

.790

.291

.0+0

.9Tr

y he

roin

onc

e or

twic

e w

ithou

t usin

g a

need

lec

——

——

85.8

85.0

87.7

87.3

88.0

87.2

87.2

87.8

86.9

86.6

86.9

87.2

88.4

+1.2

Take

her

oin

occa

siona

lly w

ithou

t usin

g a

need

lec

——

——

88.5

87.7

90.1

89.7

90.2

88.9

88.9

89.6

89.0

88.6

88.5

88.5

89.7

+1.2

Try

one

or tw

o d

rinks

of a

n al

coho

lic b

ever

age

(be

er, w

ine,

liquo

r)51

.752

.250

.947

.848

.045

.545

.747

.548

.348

.749

.851

.149

.751

.151

.251

.354

.0+2

.8s

Take

one

or t

wo

drin

ks n

early

eve

ry d

ay82

.281

.079

.676

.775

.974

.176

.676

.977

.077

.877

.478

.377

.178

.678

.778

.780

.4+1

.7Ha

ve fi

ve o

r mor

e d

rinks

onc

e or

twic

e e

ach

wee

kend

85.2

83.9

83.3

80.7

80.7

79.1

81.3

81.0

80.3

81.2

81.6

81.9

81.9

82.3

82.9

82.0

83.8

+1.8

sSm

oke

one

or m

ore

pack

s of c

igar

ette

s per

day

e82

.882

.380

.678

.478

.677

.380

.380

.081

.481

.983

.584

.684

.685

.785

.385

.687

.0+1

.4Us

e sm

okel

ess t

obac

co re

gula

rly79

.177

.277

.175

.174

.074

.176

.576

.378

.079

.279

.480

.680

.781

.082

.081

.082

.3+1

.3Ta

ke st

eroi

dsf

89.8

90.3

89.9

87.9

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

App

roxim

ate

N =

17,4

0018

,500

18,4

0017

,400

17,6

0018

,000

18,8

0018

,100

16,7

0016

,700

16,2

0015

,100

16,5

0017

,000

16,8

0016

,500

16,1

00

TA

BL

E 8

T

rend

s in

Dis

appr

oval

of D

rug

Use

by

Eig

hth

Gra

ders

bBe

ginn

ing

in 1

997,

dat

a ba

sed

on

two

third

s of N

ind

icat

ed d

ue to

cha

nges

in q

uest

ionn

aire

form

s.

Perc

enta

ge w

ho "d

isapp

rove

" or "

stro

ngly

disa

ppro

ve"a

Do

you

disa

ppro

ve o

f peo

ple

who

. . .

2007

chan

ge

2006

–

e Begi

nnin

g in

199

9, d

ata

base

d o

n tw

o th

irds o

f N in

dic

ated

due

to c

hang

es in

que

stio

nnai

re fo

rms.

f Dat

a ba

sed

on

two

form

s in

1991

and

199

2. D

ata

base

d o

n on

e of

two

form

s in

1993

and

199

4; N

is o

ne h

alf o

f N in

dic

ated

.

Sour

ce:

The

Mon

itorin

g th

e Fu

ture

stud

y, th

e Un

iver

sity

of M

ichi

gan.

aA

nsw

er a

ltern

ativ

es w

ere:

(1)

Don

't d

isapp

rove

, (2)

Disa

ppro

ve, (

3) S

trong

ly d

isapp

rove

, and

(4) C

an’t

say,

dru

g un

fam

iliar.

c Dat

a ba

sed

on

one

of tw

o fo

rms i

n 19

93–1

996;

N is

one

hal

f of N

ind

icat

ed.

Begi

nnin

g in

199

7, d

ata

base

d o

n on

e th

ird o

f N in

dic

ated

due

to c

hang

es in

que

stio

nnai

re fo

rms.

dD

ata

base

d o

n on

e th

ird o

f N in

dic

ated

.

Not

es:

Le

vel o

f sig

nific

ance

of d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n th

e tw

o m

ost r

ecen

t cla

sses

: s =

0.0

5, ss

= 0

.01,

sss =

0.0

01.

"—" i

ndic

ates

dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e.

A

ny a

ppar

ent i

ncon

siste

ncy

betw

een

the

chan

ge e

stim

ate

and

the

prev

alen

ce-o

f-use

est

imat

es fo

r the

two

mos

t rec

ent c

lass

es is

due

to ro

und

ing

erro

r.

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Try

mar

ijuan

a on

ce o

r tw

ice

74.6

74.8

70.3

62.4

59.8

55.5

54.1

56.0

56.2

54.9

54.8

57.8

58.1

60.4

61.3

62.5

63.9

+1.3

Smok

e m

ariju

ana

occa

siona

lly83

.783

.679

.472

.370

.066

.966

.267

.368

.267

.266

.268

.368

.470

.871

.972

.673

.3+0

.7Sm

oke

mar

ijuan

a re

gula

rly90

.490

.087

.482

.281

.179

.779

.780

.179

.879

.178

.078

.678

.881

.382

.082

.582

.40.

0Tr

y in

hala

nts o

nce

or tw

ice

b85

.285

.684

.884

.984

.586

.086

.985

.688

.487

.587

.888

.687

.788

.588

.188

.187

.6-0

.5Ta

ke in

hala

nts r

egul

arly

b91

.091

.590

.991

.090

.991

.791

.791

.192

.491

.891

.391

.891

.092

.391

.992

.291

.8-0

.4Ta

ke L

SD o

nce

or tw

ice

c—

—82

.179

.377

.976

.876

.676

.777

.877

.075

.474

.674

.472

.471

.871

.267

.7-3

.5s

Take

LSD

regu

larly

c —

—86

.885

.684

.884

.583

.482

.984

.382

.180

.879

.477

.675

.975

.074

.971

.5-3

.4ss

Try

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

) onc

e or

twic

ed

——

——

——

——

——

72.6

77.4

81.0

83.7

83.1

81.6

80.0

-1.6

Take

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

) occ

asio

nally

d—

——

——

——

——

—81

.084

.686

.388

.087

.486

.084

.3-1

.7Tr

y cr

ack

once

or t

wic

eb

92.5

92.5

91.4

89.9

88.7

88.2

87.4

87.1

87.8

87.1

86.9

88.0

87.6

88.6

88.8

89.5

89.5

0.0

Take

cra

ck o

ccas

iona

llyb

94.3

94.4

93.6

92.5

91.7

91.9

91.0

90.6

91.5

90.9

90.6

91.0

91.0

91.8

91.8

92.0

92.7

+0.7

Try

coca

ine

pow

der

onc

e or

twic

eb

90.8

91.1

90.0

88.1

86.8

86.1

85.1

84.9

86.0

84.8

85.3

86.4

85.9

86.8

86.9

87.3

87.7

+0.4

Take

coc

aine

pow

der

occ

asio

nally

b94

.094

.093

.292

.191

.491

.190

.489

.790

.789

.990

.289

.990

.491

.291

.291

.492

.0+0

.7Tr

y he

roin

onc

e or

twic

e w

ithou

t usin

g a

need

lec

——

——

89.7

89.5

89.1

88.6

90.1

90.1

89.1

89.2

89.3

90.1

90.3

91.1

90.7

-0.4

Take

her

oin

occa

siona

lly w

ithou

t usin

g a

need

lec

——

——

91.6

91.7

91.4

90.5

91.8

92.3

90.8

90.7

90.6

91.8

92.0

92.5

92.5

0.0

Try

one

or tw

o d

rinks

of a

n al

coho

lic b

ever

age

(be

er, w

ine,

liquo

r)37

.639

.938

.536

.536

.134

.233

.734

.735

.133

.434

.737

.736

.837

.638

.537

.839

.5+1

.7Ta

ke o

ne o

r tw

o d

rinks

nea

rly e

very

day

81.7

81.7

78.6

75.2

75.4

73.8

75.4

74.6

75.4

73.8

73.8

74.9

74.2

75.1

76.9

76.4

77.1

+0.7

Have

five

or m

ore

drin

ks o

nce

or tw

ice

eac

h w

eeke

nd76

.777

.674

.772

.372

.270

.770

.270

.569

.968

.269

.271

.571

.671

.873

.772

.974

.1+1

.2Sm

oke

one

or m

ore

pack

s of c

igar

ette

s per

day

e79

.477

.876

.573

.973

.271

.673

.875

.376

.176

.778

.280

.681

.482

.784

.383

.284

.7+1

.5Us

e sm

okel

ess t

obac

co re

gula

rly75

.474

.673

.871

.271

.071

.072

.373

.275

.175

.876

.178

.779

.480

.280

.580

.580

.9+0

.4Ta

ke st

eroi

dsf

90.0

91.0

91.2

90.8

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

App

roxim

ate

N =

14,8

0014

,800

15,3

0015

,900

17,0

0015

,700

15,6

0015

,000

13,6

0014

,300

14,0

0014

,300

15,8

0016

,400

16,2

0016

,200

16,1

00

e Begi

nnin

g in

199

9, d

ata

base

d o

n tw

o th

irds o

f N in

dic

ated

due

to c

hang

es in

que

stio

nnai

re fo

rms.

f Dat

a ba

sed

on

two

form

s in

1991

and

199

2. D

ata

base

d o

n on

e of

two

form

s in

1993

and

199

4; N

is o

ne h

alf o

f N in

dic

ated

.

Sour

ce:

The

Mon

itorin

g th

e Fu

ture

stud

y, th

e Un

iver

sity

of M

ichi

gan.

aA

nsw

er a

ltern

ativ

es w

ere:

(1)

Don

't d

isapp

rove

, (2)

Disa

ppro

ve, (

3) S

trong

ly d

isapp

rove

, and

(4) C

an’t

say,

dru

g un

fam

iliar.

c Dat

a ba

sed

on

one

of tw

o fo

rms i

n 19

93–1

996;

N is

one

hal

f of N

ind

icat

ed.

Begi

nnin

g in

199

7, d

ata

base

d o

n on

e th

ird o

f N in

dic

ated

due

to c

hang

es in

que

stio

nnai

re fo

rms.

dD

ata

base

d o

n on

e th

ird o

f N in

dic

ated

.

Not

es:

Le

vel o

f sig

nific

ance

of d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n th

e tw

o m

ost r

ecen

t cla

sses

: s =

0.0

5, ss

= 0

.01,

sss =

0.0

01.

"—" i

ndic

ates

dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e.

A

ny a

ppar

ent i

ncon

siste

ncy

betw

een

the

chan

ge e

stim

ate

and

the

prev

alen

ce-o

f-use

est

imat

es fo

r the

two

mos

t rec

ent c

lass

es is

due

to ro

und

ing

erro

r.

TA

BL

E 9

Tre

nds i

n D

isap

prov

al o

f Dru

g U

se b

y T

enth

Gra

ders

bBe

ginn

ing

in 1

997,

dat

a ba

sed

on

two

third

s of N

ind

icat

ed d

ue to

cha

nges

in q

uest

ionn

aire

form

s.

Perc

enta

ge w

ho "d

isapp

rove

" or "

stro

ngly

disa

ppro

ve"a

Do

you

disa

ppro

ve o

f peo

ple

who

. . .

2007

chan

ge

2006

–

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

Tryi

ng m

ariju

ana

once

or t

wic

e47

.038

.433

.433

.434

.239

.040

.045

.546

.349

.351

.454

.656

.660

.864

.667

.868

.7Sm

okin

g m

ariju

ana

occa

siona

lly54

.847

.844

.343

.545

.349

.752

.659

.160

.763

.565

.869

.071

.674

.077

.280

.579

.4Sm

okin

g m

ariju

ana

regu

larly

71.9

69.5

65.5

67.5

69.2

74.6

77.4

80.6

82.5

84.7

85.5

86.6

89.2

89.3

89.8

91.0

89.3

Tryi

ng L

SD o

nce

or tw

ice

82.8

84.6

83.9

85.4

86.6

87.3

86.4

88.8

89.1

88.9

89.5

89.2

91.6

89.8

89.7

89.8

90.1

Taki

ng L

SD re

gula

rly

94.1

95.3

95.8

96.4

96.9

96.7

96.8

96.7

97.0

96.8

97.0

96.6

97.8

96.4

96.4

96.3

96.4

Tryi

ng M

DM

A (e

csta

sy) o

nce

or tw

ice

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

—Tr

ying

coc

aine

onc

e or

twic

e81

.382

.479

.177

.074

.776

.374

.676

.677

.079

.779

.380

.287

.389

.190

.591

.593

.6Ta

king

coc

aine

regu

larly

93.3

93.9

92.1

91.9

90.8

91.1

90.7

91.5

93.2

94.5

93.8

94.3

96.7

96.2

96.4

96.7

97.3

Tryi

ng c

rack

onc

e or

twic

e—

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

92.3

92.1

Taki

ng c

rack

occ

asio

nally

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

—94

.394

.2Ta

king

cra

ck re

gula

rly—

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

94.9

95.0

Tryi

ng c

ocai

ne p

owd

er o

nce

or tw

ice

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

—87

.988

.0Ta

king

coc

aine

pow

der

occ

asio

nally

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

—92

.193

.0Ta

king

coc

aine

pow

der

regu

larly

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

—93

.794

.4Tr

ying

her

oin

once

or t

wic

e91

.592

.692

.592

.093

.493

.593

.594

.694

.394

.094

.093

.396

.295

.095

.495

.196

.0Ta

king

her

oin

occa

siona

lly94

.896

.096

.096

.496

.896

.797

.296

.996

.997

.196

.896

.697

.996

.997

.296

.797

.3Ta

king

her

oin

regu

larly

96.7

97.5

97.2

97.8

97.9

97.6

97.8

97.5

97.7

98.0

97.6

97.6

98.1

97.2

97.4

97.5

97.8

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

Tryi

ng a

mph

etam

ines

onc

e or

twic

e74

.875

.174

.274

.875

.175

.471

.172

.672

.372

.874

.976

.580

.782

.583

.385

.386

.5Ta

king

am

phet

amin

es re

gula

rly92

.192

.892

.593

.594

.493

.091

.792

.092

.693

.693

.393

.595

.494

.294

.295

.596

.0Tr

ying

sed

ativ

es (b

arbi

tura

tes)

onc

e or

twic

ec

77.7

81.3

81.1

82.4

84.0

83.9

82.4

84.4

83.1

84.1

84.9

86.8

89.6

89.4

89.3

90.5

90.6

Taki

ng se

dat

ives

(bar

bitu

rate

s) re

gula

rlyc

93.3

93.6

93.0

94.3

95.2

95.4

94.2

94.4

95.1

95.1

95.5

94.9

96.4

95.3

95.3

96.4

97.1

Tryi

ng o

ne o

r tw

o d

rinks

of a

n al

coho

lic b

ever

age

(be

er, w

ine,

liquo

r)21

.618

.215

.615

.615

.816

.017

.218

.218

.417

.420

.320

.921

.422

.627

.329

.429

.8Ta

king

one

or t

wo

drin

ks n

early

eve

ry d

ay67

.668

.966

.867

.768

.369

.069

.169

.968

.972

.970

.972

.874

.275

.076

.577

.976

.5Ta

king

four

or f

ive

drin

ks n

early

eve

ry d

ay88

.790

.788

.490

.291

.790

.891

.890

.990

.091

.092

.091

.492

.292

.891

.691

.990

.6Ha

ving

five

or m

ore

drin

ks o

nce

or tw

ice

eac

h w

eeke

nd60

.358

.657

.456

.256

.755

.655

.558

.856

.659

.660

.462

.462

.065

.366

.568

.967

.465

.966

.467

.070

.370

.869

.969

.470

.873

.072

.375

.474

.373

.172

.472

.871

.4Ta

king

ster

oid

s—

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

90.8

90.5

App

roxim

ate

N =

2,67

72,

957

3,08

53,

686

3,22

13,

261

3,61

03,

651

3,34

13,

254

3,26

53,

113

3,30

23,

311

2,79

92,

566

2,54

7

A

ny a

ppar

ent i

ncon

siste

ncy

betw

een

the

chan

ge e

stim

ate

and

the

prev

alen

ce-o

f-use

est

imat

es fo

r the

two

mos

t rec

ent c

lass

es is

due

to ro

und

ing

erro

r.

Do

you

disa

ppro

ve o

f peo

ple

(who

are

18

or

old

er) d

oing

eac

h of

the

follo

win

g?a

Not

es:

Le

vel o

f sig

nific

ance

of d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n th

e tw

o m

ost r

ecen

t cla

sses

: s =

0.0

5, ss

= 0

.01,

sss =

0.0

01.

"—" i

ndic

ates

dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e.

"‡

" ind

icat

es so

me

chan

ge in

the

ques

tion.

See

rele

vant

foot

note

.

Sour

ce:

The

Mon

itorin

g th

e Fu

ture

stud

y, th

e Un

iver

sity

of M

ichi

gan.

Tryi

ng h

eroi

n on

ce o

r tw

ice

with

out u

sing

a ne

edle

—Ta

king

her

oin

occa

siona

lly w

ithou

t usin

g a

need

le

—

Smok

ing

one

or m

ore

pack

s of c

igar

ette

s per

day

67.

5

TA

BL

E 1

0 T

rend

s in

Dis

appr

oval

of D

rug

Use

by

Tw

elft

h G

rade

rs

Perc

enta

ge "

disa

ppro

ving

"b

Cla

ss o

f:C

ont.

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Tryi

ng m

ariju

ana

once

or t

wic

e69

.963

.357

.656

.752

.551

.051

.648

.852

.549

.151

.653

.452

.755

.055

.658

.6+2

.9Sm

okin

g m

ariju

ana

occa

siona

lly79

.775

.568

.966

.762

.963

.264

.462

.565

.863

.263

.464

.265

.467

.869

.370

.2+0

.8Sm

okin

g m

ariju

ana

regu

larly

90.1

87.6

82.3

81.9

80.0

78.8

81.2

78.6

79.7

79.3

78.3

78.7

80.7

82.0

82.2

83.3

+1.1

Tryi

ng L

SD o

nce

or tw

ice

88.1

85.9

82.5

81.1

79.6

80.5

82.1

83.0

82.4

81.8

84.6

85.5

87.9

87.9

88.0

87.8

-0.2

Taki

ng L

SD re

gula

rly

95.5

95.8

94.3

92.5

93.2

92.9

93.5

94.3

94.2

94.0

94.0

94.4

94.6

95.6

95.9

94.9

-1.0

Tryi

ng M

DM

A (e

csta

sy) o

nce

or tw

ice

——

——

—82

.282

.582

.181

.079

.583

.684

.787

.788

.489

.087

.8-1

.1Tr

ying

coc

aine

onc

e or

twic

e93

.092

.791

.690

.390

.088

.089

.589

.188

.288

.189

.089

.388

.688

.989

.189

.6+0

.6Ta

king

coc

aine

regu

larly

96.9

97.5

96.6

96.1

95.6

96.0

95.6

94.9

95.5

94.9

95.0

95.8

95.4

96.0

96.1

96.2

+0.1

Tryi

ng c

rack

onc

e or

twic

e93

.189

.989

.591

.487

.487

.086

.787

.687

.587

.087

.886

.686

.986

.788

.888

.8+0

.1Ta

king

cra

ck o

ccas

iona

lly95

.092

.892

.894

.091

.291

.390

.992

.391

.991

.691

.590

.892

.191

.992

.992

.4-0

.5Ta

king

cra

ck re

gula

rly95

.593

.493

.194

.193

.092

.391

.993

.292

.892

.292

.491

.293

.192

.193

.893

.6-0

.2Tr

ying

coc

aine

pow

der

onc

e or

twic

e89

.486

.687

.188

.383

.183

.083

.184

.384

.183

.383

.883

.682

.283

.284

.183

.5-0

.6Ta

king

coc

aine

pow

der

occ

asio

nally

93.4

91.2

91.0

92.7

89.7

89.3

88.7

90.0

90.3

89.8

90.2

88.9

90.0

89.4

90.4

90.6

+0.2

Taki

ng c

ocai

ne p

owd

er re

gula

rly94

.393

.092

.593

.892

.991

.591

.192

.392

.692

.592

.290

.792

.692

.093

.292

.6-0

.6Tr

ying

her

oin

once

or t

wic

e94

.994

.493

.292

.892

.192

.393

.793

.593

.093

.194

.194

.194

.294

.393

.894

.8+1

.0Ta

king

her

oin

occa

siona

lly96

.897

.096

.295

.795

.095

.496

.195

.796

.095

.495

.695

.996

.496

.396

.296

.8+0

.6Ta

king

her

oin

regu

larly

97.2

97.5

97.1

96.4

96.3

96.4

96.6

96.4

96.6

96.2

96.2

97.1

97.1

96.7

96.9

97.1

+0.2

——

92.9

90.8

92.3

93.0

92.6

94.0

91.7

93.1

92.2

93.1

93.2

93.7

93.6

-0.1

——

94.7

93.2

94.4

94.3

93.8

95.2

93.5

94.4

93.5

94.4

95.0

94.5

94.9

+0.5

Tryi

ng a

mph

etam

ines

onc

e or

twic

e86

.984

.281

.382

.279

.981

.382

.581

.982

.182

.383

.885

.884

.186

.186

.387

.3+1

.0Ta

king

am

phet

amin

es re

gula

rly95

.696

.094

.194

.393

.594

.394

.093

.794

.193

.493

.594

.093

.994

.895

.395

.4+0

.1Tr

ying

sed

ativ

es (b

arbi

tura

tes)

onc

e or

twic

ec

90.3

89.7

87.5

87.3

84.9

86.4

86.0

86.6

85.9

85.9

86.6

87.8

‡83

.785

.485

.386

.5+1

.3Ta

king

sed

ativ

es (b

arbi

tura

tes)

regu

larly

c96

.597

.096

.195

.294

.895

.394

.694

.795

.294

.594

.794

.4‡

94.2

95.2

95.1

94.6

-0.5

Tryi

ng o

ne o

r tw

o d

rinks

of a

n al

coho

lic b

ever

age

(be

er, w

ine,

liquo

r)33

.030

.128

.427

.326

.526

.124

.524

.625

.226

.626

.327

.226

.026

.429

.031

.0+2

.0Ta

king

one

or t

wo

drin

ks n

early

eve

ry d

ay75

.977

.873

.173

.370

.870

.069

.467

.270

.069

.269

.168

.969

.570

.872

.873

.3+0

.5Ta

king

four

or f

ive

drin

ks n

early

eve

ry d

ay90

.890

.689

.888

.889

.488

.686

.786

.988

.486

.487

.586

.387

.889

.490

.690

.5-0

.1Ha

ving

five

or m

ore

drin

ks o

nce

or tw

ice

eac

h w

eeke

nd70

.770

.165

.166

.764

.765

.063

.862

.765

.262

.964

.764

.265

.766

.568

.568

.8+0

.370

.669

.868

.267

.267

.168

.869

.570

.171

.673

.674

.876

.279

.881

.580

.7-0

.8Ta

king

ster

oid

s92

.192

.191

.991

.091

.791

.490

.888

.988

.886

.486

.886

.087

.988

.889

.489

.2-0

.2A

ppro

ximat

e N

=2,

645

2,72

32,

588

2,60

32,

399

2,60

12,

545

2,31

02,

150

2,14

42,

160

2,44

22,

455

2,46

02,

377

2,45

0

Smok

ing

one

or m

ore

pack

s of c

igar

ette

s per

day

73.

5

Perc

enta

ge "

disa

ppro

ving

"b

Cla

ss o

f:

Tryi

ng h

eroi

n on

ce o

r tw

ice

with

out u

sing

a ne

edle

—Ta

king

her

oin

occa

siona

lly w

ithou

t usin

g a

need

le

—

c In 2

004

the

ques

tion

text

was

cha

nged

from

“ba

rbitu

rate

s” to

“se

dat

ives

/bar

bitu

rate

s” a

nd th

e lis

t of e

xam

ples

was

cha

nged

from

"dow

ners

, goo

fbal

ls, re

ds,

yello

ws,

etc.

" to

just

"dow

ners

." Th

ese

chan

ges l

ikel

y ex

plai

n th

e d

iscon

tinui

ty in

the

2004

resu

lts.

TA

BL

E 1

0 (c

ont.)

T

rend

s in

Dis

appr

oval

of D

rug

Use

by

Tw

elft

h G

rade

rs

aTh

e 19

75 q

uest

ion

aske

d a

bout

peo

ple

who

are

"20

or o

lder

."bA

nsw

er a

ltern

ativ

es w

ere:

(1)

Don

't d

isapp

rove

, (2)

Disa

ppro

ve, a

nd (3

) Stro

ngly

disa

ppro

ve.

Perc

enta

ges a

re sh

own

for c

ateg

orie

s (2)

and

(3) c

ombi

ned

.

Do

you

disa

ppro

ve o

f peo

ple

(who

are

18

or

old

er) d

oing

eac

h of

the

follo

win

g?a

2007

chan

ge

2006

–

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Mar

ijuan

a42

.343

.849

.952

.454

.854

.250

.648

.447

.048

.146

.644

.841

.041

.139

.637

.4-2

.2s

LSD

21.5

21.8

21.8

23.5

23.6

22.7

19.3

18.3

17.0

17.6

15.2

14.0

12.3

11.5

10.8

10.5

-0.2

PCPb

18.0

18.5

17.7

19.0

19.6

19.2

17.5

17.1

16.0

15.4

14.1

13.7

11.4

11.0

10.5

9.5

-1.1

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

)b—

——

——

——

——

23.8

22.8

21.6

16.6

15.6

14.5

13.4

-1.1

Cra

ck25

.625

.926

.928

.727

.927

.526

.525

.924

.924

.423

.722

.520

.620

.820

.919

.7-1

.2C

ocai

ne p

owd

er25

.725

.926

.427

.827

.226

.925

.725

.023

.923

.922

.521

.619

.419

.920

.219

.0-1

.2He

roin

19.7

19.8

19.4

21.1

20.6

19.8

18.0

17.5

16.5

16.9

16.0

15.6

14.1

13.2

13.0

12.6

-0.3

Oth

er n

arco

ticsb

19.8

19.0

18.3

20.3

20.0

20.6

17.1

16.2

15.6

15.0

14.7

15.0

12.4

12.9

13.0

11.7

-1.3

Am

phet

amin

es32

.231

.431

.033

.432

.630

.627

.325

.925

.526

.224

.424

.421

.921

.020

.719

.9-0

.8C

ryst

al m

eth.

(ice

)b16

.015

.114

.116

.016

.315

.716

.014

.714

.913

.913

.314

.111

.913

.514

.512

.1-2

.5ss

Sed

ativ

es (b

arbi

tura

tes)

27.4

26.1

25.3

26.5

25.6

24.4

21.1

20.8

19.7

20.7

19.4

19.3

18.0

17.6

17.3

16.8

-0.5

Tran

quiliz

ers

22.9

21.4

20.4

21.3

20.4

19.6

18.1

17.3

16.2

17.8

16.9

17.3

15.8

14.8

14.4

14.4

0.0

Alc

ohol

76.2

73.9

74.5

74.9

75.3

74.9

73.1

72.3

70.6

70.6

67.9

67.0

64.9

64.2

63.0

62.0

-1.0

Cig

aret

tes

77.8

75.5

76.1

76.4

76.9

76.0

73.6

71.5

68.7

67.7

64.3

63.1

60.3

59.1

58.0

55.6

-2.4

ssSt

eroi

ds

24.0

22.7

23.1

23.8

24.1

23.6

22.3

22.6

22.3

23.1

22.0

21.7

19.7

18.1

17.1

17.0

-0.1

App

roxim

ate

N =

8,35

516

,775

16,1

1915

,496

16,3

1816

,482

16,2

0815

,397

15,1

8014

,804

13,9

7215

,583

15,9

4415

,730

15,5

0215

,043

aA

nsw

er a

ltern

ativ

es w

ere:

(1)

Pro

babl

y im

poss

ible

, (2)

Ver

y d

iffic

ult,

(3) F

airly

diff

icul

t, (4

) Fai

rly e

asy,

(5) V

ery

easy

, and

(6) C

an't

say,

dru

g un

fam

iliar.

bBe

ginn

ing

in 1

993,

dat

a ba

sed

on

half

of fo

rms;

N is

one

hal

f of N

ind

icat

ed.

Perc

enta

ge sa

ying

"fai

rly e

asy"

or "

very

eas

y" to

get

aHo

w d

iffic

ult d

o yo

u th

ink

it w

ould

be

for

you

to g

et e

ach

of th

e fo

llow

ing

type

s of

dru

gs, i

f you

wan

ted

som

e?20

07ch

ange

A

ny a

ppar

ent i

ncon

siste

ncy

betw

een

the

chan

ge e

stim

ate

and

the

prev

alen

ce-o

f-use

est

imat

es fo

r the

two

mos

t rec

ent c

lass

es is

due

to ro

und

ing

erro

r.

Sour

ce:

The

Mon

itorin

g th

e Fu

ture

stud

y, th

e Un

iver

sity

of M

ichi

gan.

2006

–

TA

BL

E 1

1 T

rend

s in

Ava

ilabi

lity

of D

rugs

as P

erce

ived

by

Eig

hth

Gra

ders

Not

es:

Le

vel o

f sig

nific

ance

of d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n th

e tw

o m

ost r

ecen

t cla

sses

: s =

0.0

5, ss

= 0

.01,

sss =

0.0

01.

"—" i

ndic

ates

dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e.

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Mar

ijuan

a65

.268

.475

.078

.181

.180

.577

.978

.277

.777

.475

.973

.973

.372

.670

.769

.0-1

.7LS

D33

.635

.836

.139

.841

.038

.334

.034

.332

.931

.226

.823

.121

.620

.719

.219

.0-0

.2PC

Pb23

.723

.423

.824

.726

.824

.823

.924

.525

.021

.620

.819

.418

.018

.115

.815

.4-0

.4M

DM

A (e

csta

sy)b

——

——

——

——

—41

.441

.036

.331

.230

.227

.427

.7+0

.3C

rack

33.7

33.0

34.2

34.6

36.4

36.0

36.3

36.5

34.0

30.6

31.3

29.6

30.6

31.0

29.9

29.0

-0.9

Coc

aine

pow

der

35.0

34.1

34.5

35.3

36.9

37.1

36.8

36.7

34.5

31.0

31.8

29.6

31.2

31.5

30.7

30.0

-0.7

Hero

in24

.324

.324

.724

.624

.824

.423

.023

.722

.320

.119

.918

.818

.719

.317

.417

.3-0

.1O

ther

nar

cotic

sb26

.924

.926

.927

.829

.429

.026

.126

.627

.225

.825

.423

.523

.123

.622

.221

.5-0

.7A

mph

etam

ines

43.4

46.4

46.6

47.7

47.2

44.6

41.0

41.3

40.9

40.6

39.6

36.1

35.7

35.6

34.7

33.3

-1.4

Cry

stal

met

h. (i

ce)b

18.8

16.4

17.8

20.7

22.6

22.9

22.1

21.8

22.8

19.9

20.5

19.0

19.5

21.6

20.8

18.8

-2.0

Sed

atia

ves (

barb

itura

tes)

38.0

38.8

38.3

38.8

38.1

35.6

32.7

33.2

32.4

32.8

32.4

28.8

30.0

29.7

29.9

28.2

-1.7

Tran

quiliz

ers

31.6

30.5

29.8

30.6

30.3

28.7

26.5

26.8

27.6

28.5

28.3

25.6

25.6

25.4

25.1

24.9

-0.2

Alc

ohol

88.6

88.9

89.8

89.7

90.4

89.0

88.0

88.2

87.7

87.7

84.8

83.4

84.3

83.7

83.1

82.6

-0.6

Cig

aret

tes

89.1

89.4

90.3

90.7

91.3

89.6

88.1

88.3

86.8

86.3

83.3

80.7

81.4

81.5

79.5

78.2

-1.3

sSt

eroi

ds

37.6

33.6

33.6

34.8

34.8

34.2

33.0

35.9

35.4

33.1

33.2

30.6

29.6

29.7

30.2

27.7

-2.5

ssA

ppro

ximat

e N

=7,

014

14,6

5215

,192

16,2

0914

,887

14,8

5614

,423

13,1

1213

,690

13,5

1813

,694

15,2

5515

,806

15,6

3615

,804

15,5

11

TA

BL

E 1

2 T

rend

s in

Ava

ilabi

lity

of D

rugs

as P

erce

ived

by

Ten

th G

rade

rs

Not

es:

Le

vel o

f sig

nific

ance

of d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n th

e tw

o m

ost r

ecen

t cla

sses

: s =

0.0

5, ss

= 0

.01,

sss =

0.0

01.

"—" i

ndic

ates

dat

a no

t ava

ilabl

e.

Perc

enta

ge sa

ying

"fai

rly e

asy"

or "

very

eas

y" to

get

aHo

w d

iffic

ult d

o yo

u th

ink

it w

ould

be

for

you

to g

et e

ach

of th

e fo

llow

ing

type

s of

dru

gs, i

f you

wan

ted

som

e?20

0720

06–

chan

ge

Sour

ce:

The

Mon

itorin

g th

e Fu

ture

stud

y, th

e Un

iver

sity

of M

ichi

gan.

aA

nsw

er a

ltern

ativ

es w

ere:

(1)

Pro

babl

y im

poss

ible

, (2)

Ver

y d

iffic

ult,

(3) F

airly

diff

icul

t, (4

) Fai

rly e

asy,

(5) V

ery

easy

, and

(6) C

an't

say,

dru

g un

fam

iliar.

bBe

ginn

ing

in 1

993,

dat

a ba

sed

on

half

of fo

rms;

N is

one

hal

f of N

ind

icat

ed.

A

ny a

ppar

ent i

ncon

siste

ncy

betw

een

the

chan

ge e

stim

ate

and

the

prev

alen

ce-o

f-use

est

imat

es fo

r the

two

mos

t rec

ent c

lass

es is

due

to ro

und

ing

erro

r.

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

Mar

ijuan

a87

.887

.487

.987

.890

.189

.089

.288

.586

.284

.685

.585

.284

.885

.084

.384

.483

.3A

myl

/but

yl n

itrite

s—

——

——

——

——

——

—23

.925

.926

.824

.422

.7LS

D46

.237

.434

.532

.234

.235

.335

.034

.230

.930

.630

.528

.531

.433

.338

.340

.739

.5So

me

othe

r hal

luci

noge

nb

47.8

35.7

33.8

33.8

34.6

35.0

32.7

30.6

26.6

26.6

26.1

24.9

25.0

26.2

28.2

28.3

28.0

PCP

——

——

——

——

——

——

22.8

24.9

28.9

27.7

27.6

MD

MA

(ecs

tasy

)—

——

——

——

——

——

——

—21

.722

.022

.1C

ocai

ne37

.034

.033

.037

.845

.547

.947

.547

.443

.145

.048

.951

.554

.255

.058

.754

.551

.0C

rack

——

——

——

——

——

——

41.1

42.1

47.0

42.4

39.9

Coc

aine

pow

der

——

——

——

——

——

——

52.9

50.3

53.7

49.0

46.0

Hero

in24

.218

.417

.916

.418

.921

.219

.220

.819

.319

.921

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.023

.728

.031

.431

.930

.6So

me

othe

r nar

cotic

(inc

lud

ing

met

had

one)

34.5

26.9

27.8

26.1

28.7

29.4

29.6

30.4

30.0

32.1

33.1

32.2

33.0

35.8

38.3

38.1

34.6

Am

phet

amin

es67

.861

.858

.158

.559

.961

.369

.570

.868

.568

.266

.464

.364

.563

.964

.359

.757

.3C

ryst

al m

eth.

(ice

)—

——

——

——

——

——

——

——

24.1

24.3

Sed

ativ

es (b

arbi

tura

tes)

c60

.054

.452

.450

.649

.849

.154

.955

.252

.551

.951

.348

.348

.247

.848

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.942

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anqu

ilizer

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.964

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lcoh

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Ster

oid

s—

——

——

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—46

.7A

ppro

ximat

e N

=2,

627

2,86

53,

065

3,59

83,

172

3,24

03,

578

3,60

23,

385

3,26

93,

274

3,07

73,

271

3,23

12,

806

2,54

92,

476

Sour

ce:

The

Mon

itorin

g th

e Fu

ture

stud

y, th

e Un

iver

sity

of M

ichi

gan.

TA

BL

E 1

3 T

rend

s in

Ava

ilabi

lity

of D

rugs

as P

erce

ived

by

Tw

elft

h G

rade

rs

Cla

ss o

f:Pe

rcen

tage

sayi

ng "f

airly

eas

y" o

r "ve

ry e

asy"

to g

eta

"dow

ners

." T

hese

cha

nges

likel

y ex

plai

n th

e d

iscon

tinui

ty in

the

2004

resu

lts.

Not

es:

Le

vel o

f sig

nific

ance

of d

iffer

ence

bet

wee

n th

e tw

o m

ost r

ecen

t cla

sses

: s =

0.0

5, ss

= 0

.01,

sss =

0.0

01.

How

diff

icul

t do

you

thin

k it

wou

ld b

e fo

r you

to

get

eac

h of

the

follo

win

g ty

pes o

f dru

gs, i

f yo

u w

ante

d so

me?

aA

nsw

er a

ltern

ativ

es w

ere:

(1)

Pro

babl

y im

poss

ible

, (2)

Ver

y d

iffic

ult,

(3) F

airly

diff

icul

t, (4

) Fai

rly e

asy,

and

(5) V

ery

easy

.bIn

200

1 th

e qu

estio

n te

xt w

as c

hang

ed fr

om “

othe

r psy

ched

elic

s” to

“ot

her h

allu

cino

gens

” an

d “

shro

oms”

was

ad

ded

to th

e lis

t of e

xam

ples

. Th

ese

chan

ges l

ikel

y ex

plai

n th

e d

iscon

tinui

ty in

the

2001

resu

lts.

c In 2

004

the

ques

tion

text

was

cha

nged

from

“ba

rbitu

rate

s” to

“se

dat

ives

/bar

bitu

rate

s” a

nd th

e lis

t of e

xam

ples

was

cha

nged

from

"dow

ners

, goo

fbal

ls, re

ds,

yello

ws,

etc.

" to

just

"—

" ind

icat

es d

ata

not a

vaila

ble.

A

ny a

ppar

ent i

ncon

siste

ncy

betw

een

the

chan

ge e

stim

ate

and

the

prev

alen

ce-o

f-use

est

imat

es fo

r the

two

mos

t rec

ent c

lass

es is

due

to ro

und

ing

erro

r.

"‡" i

ndic

ates

som

e ch

ange

in th

e qu

estio

n. S

ee re

leva

nt fo

otno

te.

Con

t.

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

Mar

ijuan

a82

.783

.085

.588

.588

.789

.690

.488

.988

.588

.587

.287

.185

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.0A

myl

/but

yl n

itrite

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.926

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.322

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me

othe

r hal

luci

noge

nb

29.9

33.5

33.8

35.8

33.9

33.9

35.1

29.5

34.5

‡48

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28.1

31.2

34.2

36.9

38.8

38.2

40.1

51.4

61.5

59.1

57.5

47.9

40.3

40.3

40.9

+0.7

Coc

aine

52.7

48.5

46.6

47.7

48.1

48.5

51.3

47.6

47.8

46.2

44.6

43.3

47.8

44.7

46.5

47.1

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33.7

34.1

35.1

32.2

33.8

35.6

32.1

33.5

32.3

29.0

27.9

29.6

27.3

27.4

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59.8

60.8

58.1

57.1

57.1

57.4

57.4

55.4

51.2

52.9

49.6

-3.3

Cry

stal

met

h. (i

ce)

26.0

26.6

25.6

27.0

26.9

27.6

29.8

27.6

27.8

28.3

28.3

26.1

26.7

27.2

26.7

25.1

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Sed

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c44

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lcoh

ol—

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95.0

94.8

94.3

94.7

94.2

94.2

93.0

92.5

92.2

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Ster

oid

s46

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ppro

ximat

e N

=2,

586

2,67

02,

526

2,55

22,

340

2,51

72,

520

2,21

52,

095

2,12

02,

138

2,39

12,

169

2,16

12,

131

2,42

0So

urce

: T

he M

onito

ring

the

Futu

re st

udy,

the

Univ

ersit

y of

Mic

higa

n.N

otes

:

Leve

l of s

igni

fican

ce o

f diff

eren

ce b

etw

een

the

two

mos

t rec

ent c

lass

es:

s = 0

.05,

ss =

0.0

1, ss

s = 0

.001

.

c In 2

004

the

ques

tion

text

was

cha

nged

from

“ba

rbitu

rate

s” to

“se

dat

ives

/bar

bitu

rate

s” a

nd th

e lis

t of e

xam

ples

was

cha

nged

from

"dow

ners

, goo

fbal

ls, re

ds,

yello

ws,

etc.

" to

just

"d

owne

rs."

The

se c

hang

es lik

ely

expl

ain

the

disc

ontin

uity

in th

e 20

04 re

sults

.

aA

nsw

er a

ltern

ativ

es w

ere:

(1)

Pro

babl

y im

poss

ible

, (2)

Ver

y d

iffic

ult,

(3) F

airly

diff

icul

t, (4

) Fai

rly e

asy,

and

(5) V

ery

easy

.bIn

200

1 th

e qu

estio

n te

xt w

as c

hang

ed fr

om “

othe

r psy

ched

elic

s” to

“ot

her h

allu

cino

gens

” an

d “

shro

oms”

was

ad

ded

to th

e lis

t of e

xam

ples

. Th

ese

chan

ges l

ikel

y ex

plai

n th

e d

iscon

tinui

ty in

the

2001

resu

lts.

"—

" ind

icat

es d

ata

not a

vaila

ble.

"‡" i

ndic

ates

som

e ch

ange

in th

e qu

estio

n. S

ee re

leva

nt fo

otno

te.

A

ny a

ppar

ent i

ncon

siste

ncy

betw

een

the

chan

ge e

stim

ate

and

the

prev

alen

ce-o

f-use

est

imat

es fo

r the

two

mos

t rec

ent c

lass

es is

due

to ro

und

ing

erro

r.

TA

BL

E 1

3 (c

ont.)

T

rend

s in

Ava

ilabi

lity

of D

rugs

as P

erce

ived

by

Tw

elft

h G

rade

rs

How

diff

icul

t do

you

thin

k it

wou

ld b

e fo

r you

to

get

eac

h of

the

follo

win

g ty

pes o

f dru

gs, i

f yo

u w

ante

d so

me?

2007

chan

ge

Perc

enta

ge sa

ying

"fai

rly e

asy"

or "

very

eas

y" to

get

a

Cla

ss o

f:20

06–

table 1 trends in lifetime prevalence of use of...

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