table 6 : important characteristics, nutrition & …sikkim primitive 2. mass selection: kt 1 -...

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TABLE 6 : Important characteristics, Nutrition & important

varieties

S.

N

o

Common

name

Nutrition Institution Types Varieties

1. Rice

Anti

nutritional

factor:

Oxalic acid

present in

Napier

grass and

rice straw

(contain

1.5 to

1.6%).

Dwarg

gene –

Golden rice :

Vitamin

A(Beta

carotene) in

endosperm &

ferritin (Fe)

Produced by

combining

genetic

material from

daffodils,

Ervinia

vredivora,

Agrobacterium

tumifacience

and J aponica

IRRI –

Manila

Philippines

WARDA-

West African

rice

development

association

Monvaria,

liberia

CRRI-

Cuttack

AICRP –

Hyderabad

An alkaloid

PANDAMARILA

CTIONE

(di acetyl 1

propanline) is the

cause of fragrance

in scented rice .Eg.

PUSA 1121

Length :

(1)Extra long -

over 7.5 mm length

(3)Long – 6.61 to

7.5 mm

(5)Medium – 5.51

to 6.60 mm

IST Dwarf variety – TN 1

IST high yielding Dwarf variety – IR 8 (

peta * Dee gee woogen) –IRRI in 1965

– Henry M. Beachell

First Indian high yielding semi dwarf

variety – Jaya (Miracle rice of india –

Jaya, Miracle rice of world –IR 8) IR8 –

Green revolution.

1ST Rice Hybrids :APHR – 1 ,APHR

First basmathi rice hybrid : PusaRH 10

World 1st high yielding variety of

quality rice( semidwarf variety) : Pusa

Basmati 1(IARI)

Induced mutation: Parbhani,

Jagannath.(DEEP WATER ) RICE)

,Sattari– 2 ,KRH 1,MGR 1


Dee –gee-

woo-gen

Hybrid

rice –

Yuan long

pin

HYBRID

RICE –

CHINA

Rice

protein –

6-7 %

The rice

which can

alleviate

anaemia

problem

through

dietary

intake-

rice by

Professor Ingo

Potrykus and

D r. Peter

Beyer

(Germany,199

9).

Recent

Biofotified

varieties :

CR Dhan 310(

protein rich -

10.3 %)

DRR dhan 45

(Zn rich -22.6

ppm )

Parboiling –

hydrothermal

Khaira – Zn

deficiency. Akiochi

disease -H2S

toxicity.

White eye -

Fe

deficiency.

Dead heart

and white ear

-Yellow

stem borer

Killer

disease -

Bacterial

Leaf Blight

(BLB) and

Tungro

virus

Rich man

disease -

Sheath blight

(7)Short - below

5.50 mm.

Shape : Based on

Length / Breath

ratio.(L/B ratio).

(1)Basmathi,

Ponni, Slender -

over 3 L/B

(3)IR 20 Medium -

2..1 to 3.0 L/B

(5)Co 37 Bold –

1.1 to 2.0 L/B

(9)Round –below

1.1 L/B

Races :

indica – India (long

duration, photo

sensitive,tall,

weak,high

tillering,donot

respond to fertilizer

japonica- Japan

First Yellow stem borer resistant

variety :IR20

Red rice Heera;

BLB tolerant : TKM 6 , pusa

1592,Pujab basmathi -3,tulsi,

IR 64

Super rice variety for salinity tolerant : lunishree,

water logged area : jalmagan,jai suriya

jaladhil, jaladhi

2,jalapriya,madhukar,chakia 59.

Scentend rice : sabarmathi,basmathi

370, Pusa Basmati 1,karnal local

,kasturi,dehradun, Basmati.

Non basmathi super fine rice –

IR64,PR106,Gaurav

CG14 – weed competitive,resistant to

iron toxicity

Aerobic rice: HD (Han Dao)277,Pusa

sugandh 3, Pusa sugandh4, Pusa

sugandh5 ,Pusa hybrid 10)

Sarjoo 52

Salt tolerant basmati variety – CSR 30


Ferritin

rice

Bran -12-15

% protein

14-25 % oil

rich in beta

complex

- Rhizoctonia

solani

Poor man

disease –

Brown Spot -

Helminthosp

orium oryzae

( cause for

Bengal

famine in

India )

temperate,short

stature,well repon

to fertilizer

javanica/balu rice –

Indonesia .wild

form, bulk,tall,few

tillers,long panicle

bold grain

Foot rot or

Bakanae disease -

Fusarium

moniliforme or

Gibberella

Fujikuroi seed

borne

Infection -Direct

seed > transplanted

rice

Blast –Pyricularia

oryzae

Udbatta disease -

Ephelis oryzae

Recent ICAR Released varieties:

DRR Dhan 45 ( HIGH Zn)

Blast resisitance –Pusa 1609)

Early duration hybrid – DRR H2

Resistant rice variety for drought is

MTU – 17


2. Wheat

PROTEIN

–

GLUTEN

Awn

contribute

s

12 %

photosynt

hesis

Dry

matter

productio

n

Note: the

protein in

pulses is

higher in

lysine and

lower in

Recent

Biofotified

varieties

WD 02 (Zn 42

ppm,

Fe -40 ppm

rich )

HDPW 01( Fe

-40 ppm, Zn -

40.6 ppm )

Triticale is a

Man made

cereal.

• First wheat x

rye occurred in

Scotland

during 1875.

• Initial crosses

were sterile.

First fertile

CIMMYT

( Centro

international

De

Mejorimieto

de maizy

trigo)

International

centre for

Improvement

of

Maize &

wheat –

Mexico

IIWBR –

hisar, karnal

AICRP –

karnal

6 zones

Northern Hills

Zone

North Western

Plans

High

area,production

North Eastern

Plains Zone

Central Zone –

Durum cultivated

only in this. Peninsular Zone –

All 3 types

cultivated.

Thermoinsensitive

varieties. Southern Hills

Zone

2 crop in a year

Rust screening

Dwarf gene

Rht 1,2

Introduction: Sonara63,

Sonara64,Mayo64 , Lerma Roj 64 .

Introduction :Safed Lerma, Sharbati

Sonara, Kalyansona,

Rust resistant : Sonalika.

Mutant : sarbathi,sonara

K-9107(deva) – NI- 3.6-4 t/ha

.


HD 542 (pusa kiran),

HW 1098 (Nilgiri khapli),

HD 4728 (Pusa malvi)

HD 3117 - free from yellow, brown

rust, highly resistant to kernel bunt

Pusa gowthami(HD 3086), Pusa

Amulya HD 3090

Single gene dwarf -Sonalika, UP-262,

WL-711, Girja

.Double gene dwarf-.Kalyansona, UP-

215, Arjun, Pratap, Janak

Triple gene dwarf - Hira ,Jawahar,

Jyoti, Moti, Sangam, UP-301, UP-319


sulphur

amino

acids,

while

cereal

grains

such as wh

wheat or

rice are

lower in

lysine and

higher in

sulphur

amino

acids

cross was made

in Germany in

1888

In Norin 10

variety

Norman bourlaug

M.S.

Swaminathan

Green revolution

variety

HD 2329

Marconi wheat varieties-Jayraj,

Meghdoot, Malvika, HD-4530

3. Maize

Opaque

genes -

QPM

Protein in

endosperm

known as

Protein- 10%,

Zerm Oil – 4%

Single cross

technology of

maize-.East

CIMMYT

-Mexico

IIMR- New

delhi

AICRP –

New delhi

Dent corn: Zea

mays var. indentata

–

The depression (or)

dent in the crown

of the seed.

1st hybrid of maize :Ganga -2

High lysine composites :Shakti man

1&2, Rattan, Protina ;

Kisan, Jawahar, Vikram, Sona, Vijay,

Amber ;

CoBc 1 is latest variety of baby corn.


Zein which

is

nutritionall

y not

balanced

since it is

lesser in

lysine and

tryptophan.

80%

protein

found in

endosperm

PRO

VITAMIN

A-

1-2 ppm

Tryptopha

n-0.3-0.4

%

Lysine-1.5

-2 %

and Shull

(1910)

Double cross

technique of

maize -D.F.

Jones (1920)

Flint corn: Zea

mays var. indurata

- Mainly grown in

India.

Sweet corn: Zea

mays var.

saccharata

Flour corn or Soft

corn: Zea mays var.

amylacea

Waxy corn: Zea

mays var. ceratina

- waxy appearance

because of

“amylopectin”

Pod corn: Zea

mays var tunicata

Pop corn: Zea mays

var. everrata

Sweet corn -11-

20% sugar

Introduction: Sikkim primitive 1 and

Sikkim primitive 2.

Mass Selection: KT 1 - U. P. and RAS 1

- Rajasthan.

Three way cross hybrids - Ganga -5,

Trishulatha

Double cross hybrids - CoH 3,Ganga

1,Ganga 101,Deccan, Ranjeeth;

Double top cross hybrid - White kernel

hybrids

Single cross maize hybrid : Paras

Maize hybrid: Disha 3502

Composites :Jawahar, Vikram,

Kishan, Ambar, Sona, Vijay Pop corn maize -Amber pop, V L

Amber. Pop, Pearl pop corn

Recent Biofotified varieties

India’s 1st pro vitamin A rich maize

hybrid -Pusa vivek QPM9 improved -

Pro Vit A- 8.15 ppm,Lysine -2.6

%,Tryptophan -0.74 %

Pusa HM 4 improved - Tryptophan-

0.91,Lysine-3.62


Waxy corn -100 %

amylopectin

High oil maize -6%

oil


1.06,Lysine-4.18


0.68,Lysine-2.97

4. Sorghum

Anti

nutritional

factor :

CN

Glucoside/

HCN/

Durin

Male sterility:

combined kafir

Protein : 7.4 –

14.2%

Anti

nutritional

:dhurrin/HCN/

prussic acid

AICRP –

Hyderabad

1.Bicolor (B):

Grain elongate,

glumes clasping the

grain which may be

completely covered

or ¼ exposed.

2.Guinea (G):

Grains flattened

dorso-ventrally.

3.Caudatum(C):

grains

asymmetrical,

glumes 1/2 the

length of the grain.

4.Kaffir (K):

Grains symmetrical

(spherical), glumes

1st sorghum hybrid : CSH 1 (IARI)

Introdution : Milo and kafir from USA.

Use of CMS lines: CSH 5 2077 A x CS

3541.

Mutation: X ray mutant from CSV 5

(148) AND Co 19 is a

natural mutant from Co 2.

Varieties: CSV1 CSV-2, CSV-4, M35-

1, CSV-13

Hybrids: CSH-1(ratoon crop), CSH-2,

3 etc for kharif

CSH 7, 12, 13 for Rabi.

Sweet sorghum -RSSV 46, 53, 59, 84,

96, NSS 216

Varieties suitable for both grain and

fodder purpose -CSH 13 and CSV 15


clasping in varying

length.

5.Durra (D):

Grains rounded

obovate, wedge

shaped at the base

and broadest

slightly above the

middle; glumes

very wide.

Striga resistant varieties -N-13, SPV-

462.

CSH – 1 is the best for rationing.

.sorghum high yielding variety : CSV

1

5. Pearlmillet

Fe- 45- 50

ppm

Zn -30 -35

ppm

80 %

phosphoru

s in bajra

in grain

stored

Phytate

form

80%

phosphorus in

phytate

form.(grain)

Mineral rich

cereal

Protein rich

(10.5 to 14.5)

with higher

level of

essential amino

acids

Fat-5%

AICRP –

Jodhpur

Zone I - Adequate

RF & fertility-

Punjab, UP, Delhi,

Haryana, MP

Zone II – Limited

RF heavy to light

loamy soil

Gujarat,

Maharastra & MO

Zone III – Low RF

& light soil

Karnataka , N -C

A.P & Rajasthan

1st hybrid of pearlmillet : Bajra HB 1

Introduction : Hybrid Bajra (HB

series) from Punjab- Tift 23 A from

USA -HB1

HB4 –First hybrid from local parent

Local Bellary cytoplasm (732 A) -downy

mildew resistant

Co6 – high tillering, long panicle, dense

seed setting, bold seeds,

downy mildew resistance

Earlier hybrids - Exploitation of

protogynous nature CGMS based hybridsHB1, HB2, HB3,

HB4, HB5- Tift 23A -DM susceptibility


Antinutrit

ional

factor

Young

leaves of

bajra

contains

more

oxalic acid

than

matured

leaves.

Young

leaves

contain

upto

7%.Toxic

limit : 3%

Anti

nutritional

:oxalic acid

Recent

Biofotified

varietie/hybri

ds:

HHB 299

Fe- 73 ppm

Zn -41 ppm

AHB 1200

Fe- 73 ppm

Zone IV – Limited

but well distributed

RF

TN & Coastal A.P

Downy mildew male sterile lines L 111A

and 732 A

GMS – Male sterile mutants IP482

- ms1 Vg272 - ms2

TGMS- Flag leaf stage critical and

sensitive Critical fertility point -

34.2oCCritical sterility point- 38.7oC

Interspecific hybridisation P. glaucum x

P.purpureum Cumbu Napier hybrids

Composites

WCC 75 – from world composite .

Derivatives of numerous crosses

between diverse sources of

germplasm and Nigerian early maturing

land races known as ‘Gero’ millets.

ICMV 155 ,ICMV 221,UCC23 ,Co7

– (C06 x PK560) PT1921,CO (Cu) 10 -

Composite of five elite inbreds

(PT6029, PT6033, PT6034, PT6039,

PT6047

ICTP-8203( composites ) –

Popular(rainfed condition)

Recent ICAR Released varieties


Pusa composite 701

6. Finger

millet

very rich

source of

“Ca”

Heaven of

millet –

Africa.

Higher

productivity

among millets

4-6 kg/ha.

Rich in

Calcium

65–75%

carbohydrates

5–8% protein

15–20%

dietary fiber

2.5–3.5%

minerals

(calcium, iron,

protein and

some rare

nutrients such

as methionine)

Indaf 5 Ragi from Karnataka.

Indaf 9:Indaf 5 cauvery x IE 929

Mutation :T20 - mutant from AKP - 7.

Varieties: saroda, Kalyani, Simhadri,

Padmavathi, Ratnagiri,

Godavari, Gauthami.

White grained finger millet is Hamsa.

Punasa – AKP – 2.

Pedda panta – VZM – 2, Sarada,

Kalyani.

Pyru – VZM – 2.


7. Barley

Reduce

cholestral level

in liver

It also

stimulates fatty

acid synthsis in

liver

Pearl barley –

cure kidney

disorder

Malt used for

manufacture of

beer and other

liquors like

brandy, whisky

etc.

Lugri-

fermented

drink from

hullless baley

grain

IIWBR-

Karnal

AICRP –

Karnal

Two types Husk-

less and Hulled

barley

Shoot – culm, leaf

–sessile,

inflorescence-

spike

two rowed barley -

Hordium

distichoum

Six rowed barley is

–Hordium vulgare

Ritambhara, Haritma ,Kedar, Azad ,

Kailash, Vijaya,,K-141*, Lakhan

(K226) Jagarati (K287),

VLB1,Manjula (K329), BHS-169*,

Geetanjali (K1149)*, K409,Karan 16, ,

RD2508,, Pragati 226)*, Jagarati

Salt tolerant –amber , Malting –

RD137,Rekka,alfa93,RD2503

Malting & brewing –vijay non

shattering,frost tolerant –BSH 46

variety for both grain & fodder –

kedar

Molya disease resistant variety of

barley -RD 2052

Melting quality is high in variety-

Rekha

8. Redgram

Protein 21-

25% IIPR –

Indian

1ST hybrid -ICPH-8 (Hybrid variety)

(GMS)(ICRISAT)


Anti

nutritional

factor:

Trypsin

inhibitor

institute of

pulse

research –

Kanpur

AICRP –

Kanpur

AICRP arid

legume –

Jodhpur

Cajanus cajan var.

falvus (tur)

• Short duration

• Annuals, yellow

flowers, fewer

plain pods

• Cultivated in

Southern India

– Cajanus cajan

var. bicolor (arhar)

• Long duration,

flowers yellow

with purple streak

• Std petals bears

red veins on dorsal

side

• Pods are dark

colored with 4-5

seeds

• It is also found

suitable for forage,

as cover crop,

shade and hedge

ICPL 85063 (Lakhsmi) both for kharif

and Rabi

kharif: 170-180 days;ICPL 332

(Abhaya);ICPL 8719,(Asha) ,Maruti(

LRG-41):

Rabi ICPL-87 ,bahar,pusa 9,sharad

ICRISAT varieties – ICPL 870, ICPH-8

(Hybrid variety),Vishakha, Sharada,

Sterility mosaic resistant :bahar

drought & temperature tolerant : manak

Early variety –UPAS 120,prabhat

(IARI),pras,manak

Mutant :Trombay Vishakha 1

Short duration variety : PBH 4

Short duration -Pusa Ageti, T21, HY2,

Pusa 84

Sterility mosaic and wilt resistant -

Ans.Amar, Narendra Arhar 1, Azad


9. Green

gram

23-24% protein

Mung bean has

highest

digestibility

among grain

legumes from

83 to 90%.

AICRP –

MULLARP

(Mung bean,

urdbean,lenti

l,

Lathyrus,

rajmash, pea)

Kanpur

I ST mungbean variety –TI(1948)

Pusa Baisakhi and Co-4

Rice fallows --- LGG 410

Tolerant to high temp. --- Padma,

Sunaina & Co-4

Early maturing (60-65 day) --- Pusa

Baisakhi, k851,PS16,Padma, Sunaina &

Co-4,Pusa Bold (Vishal),

Yellow mosaic resistant –

basanthi,sumrat,pant mung 3

Introduction - Pusa baisaki

Inter specific - To transfer high

methionine content from black gram to

green gram.

Mutation breeding -,dhulli, pant mung

2 ,MUM 2


Virat IPM 25 SD( 55-57 days)

10

.

Black

gram

23-24% protein

Ist urd bean variety released –T9 from

U.P.(1948)


Kharif LBG-20, LBG-623, WBG-26, T -

9

Rabi (rice follow) : Krishna, LBG-611,

LBG-22, LBG-648,

LBG-685, LBG-645

Varieties resistant to YMV :UG-218,

Pant-U19, DPV-88-31

Varieties resistant to downymildew:

LBG-17, LBG-402, LBG-22, LBG-611.

11

.

Cowpea

Vegetable

meat

Protein 23.4%

Anti

nutritional

factor:

Trypsin

inhibitor

Arka garima, Pusa barsati, Pusa dofsali,

Pusa phalguni, Pusa

komal, Pusa Ritu Raj.

1. Introduction Iron cowpea Russian

giant.

2. Selection : PLS cowpea Co1 is PLS

from C 57 a local collection from

Shirgali

a) Intervarietal Co6 (Ms 9804 x C 152

Co2 ( C 521 x C 419)

b) Interspecific V.u x V.vexillata -

(having tuberous roots which is edible)

V.u x V.umbellata.


4. Mutation breeding Co5 Forage

cowpea

Breeding for pest resistance Leaf hopper - Antibiosis and tolerance

,Aphids - Antibiosis and tolerance ,Pod

borer – Antibiosis

COW PEA variety: UPC 628

Russian gaint” useful for fodder

purpose.

12

.

Bengalgra

m

Anti

nutritional

factor:

Malic and

oxalic

acids

collected

from green

leaves

21% protein,

Malic Acid

(90-

96%); Oxalic

Acid (4-10%)

AICRP –

Kanpur

Desi is small

seeded • Angular

shaped edge

Shape like chickens

head

90% of the world’s

cultivated

Kabuli, large and

round seeded with

white pale cream

seed coat

Pusa 256-rainfed condition; Radhey ;

Gaurav –resistant to ascochyta blight;

Avarodhi &JG-74 resistant to wilt;

Jaffa(1948) first variety medium size

grain& early maturity

1st desi chickpea extra largesize seeded-

Pusa 5028

1st kabuli chickpea extra bolded seeded-

Pusa chamatkar (pusa 1503)


Duration 90-180

days

CO 2, CO 3, CO 4

are 90days

All India – many

varieties , Vijay,

Pusa 391, DCP 91-

3 (HYV, High

input response,

150d, 170mg seeds

size)

Pusa chamatkar (pusa 1503) & pusa

5203 –variety of chick pea both extra

bold large & high yield

rainfed condition-Vishal, Anubhav

early maturing -Chaff chaff, JG-62

resistant to Wilt-JG-74, JG-315, BG-

256, Awarodhi

drought resistant-NP-58

Late planting -Wilt disease

13

.

Lentil

( UTERA

CROP)

Fe- 55 ppm

Rich source of

ca,

phosphorous

and iron

Protein 24-

26%

Also rich in

vitamins

Recent

Biofotified

Microsperma are

predominantly

cultivated in India

(masuri)

Macrosperma are

large sized grains

cultivated in

Mediterranean

region ..(masur)

Pant L 234,NFL 92 (Narendra Masoor 1)

, Bombay 18,IPL

. 81(Noori) ,K 75 (Malika) , Pusa 4076

(Shivalik), Pusa 1, Pusa

4,Pusa 6 ,PL 77-12 (Arun) ,LH 82-6

(Garima) ,Ranjan ,Asha , L

4147 (Pusa Vaibhav) .


varietie/hybri

ds:

Pusa agenti

masoori

Fe-65 ppm

14

.

Fieldpea

Gardenpea : P.

sativum var.

hortense

• Filedpea : P.

sativum var.

arvense

Rachana, Arpana, Ambika, T-65,163,

Hans, KP-885, Pant C-5

Leafless variety of Fieldpea-Arpana

15

.

French

bean

Antinutrit

ional

factor:

All the crops

are sown in

residual soil

moisture

except

Frenchbean

the fresh pods for

vegetable is called

as faras and dried

pulse as rajmash

Varieties in India are : PDR 14 ( uday),

HUR 15, VL 63

arka komal, bountiful, contender,

Kentucky wonder: Pant

anupama, Pusa parvathi (X ray radiation)


Antivitami

n E factor

16

.

Lathyrus

PAIRA

/UTERA

CROP

Anti

nutritional

factor :

neurotoxi

n

,lathyrosin

The seeds

contain BOAA

(B-n-oxalyl-

amino alanine),

a neurotoxin

causing

lathyrism in

human

Seeds contain

BOAA 0.1 to

2.5%

Less than 0.2%

is safe for

human

consumption

Mostly grown in

residual soil

moisture in rice

fields

Green leafy part is

used as green

fodder and dried as

dal.

Varieties

BIO L 212 (<0.1%)

17

.

Soybean

Anti

nutritional

factor :

Goitrogen

oil – 20%

protein -40%

(85 % -UFA,

55% -PUFA)

Directorate

of oil seed

research –

Hyderabad

JS 95-60 ( New short duration variety)

JS-2, 335, Indira Soya-9, PK-472,

1024, Gaurav, Ankur, Brag, Clar, JS-

93 – 05, JS – 335, PK – 1029, MACS –

450, LSB – 1, LSB –3


DSF ( defatted

soya flour)

Directorate

of soyabean

Research

Indore

AICRP –

indore

18

.

Groundnut

Anti

nutritional

factor :

Aflatoxin

Food

quality

standard -

5-30 ppb

Note:

B-Bunch type

S-Spreading

47-53% oil and

26% protein;

Directorate

of

groundnut

research

Junagarh

AICRP –

junargh

Early leaf spot

disease-

.Cercospora

arachidicola

.Late leaf spot

disease-Cercospora

personata

Technology

Mission on Pulses

and Oilseeds

(TEMPO) was

started in

1986

Vector of virus in

groundnut -Aphid

bunch type groundnut-Jyoti, Kishan,

TMV-11, 12, AK-12, 24, Junagarh-11,

ICGS-1, 10, 11, 44. Spreading type groundnut-Chandra,

Type-28, 64, TMV-1, 3, M- 13, 37,

Vikram, Verginia, Gangapuri,

Godheri-2 JL – 24 (Phule pragathi), TAG -24,

Greeshma, Prasuna,

Abhaya,Apoorva,ICGV-86590,K – 134,

TPT-2, TPT -3, ICGV

86325, DRG 12, Kadiri 4,5,6, Jcc-88,

ICGS 11,ICGS - 44 ICGS – 76,

Kalahasti, Narayani, TG 26,

TMV 2, J-11, Gaug – 1.

19

.

Sesame Oil 38-54 % AICRP –

Jabalpur

Oldest oil seed

crop is gingelly

AP:-Gauri, Madhavi,YLM-11, YLM-17,

Chandana(ICS-94)


White

seeded

have high

oil than

black

seeded

varieties.

High quality

protein – 18-25

%

Oleic -45 %-49

Linoleic -37-41

Hull - 2-3 %

oxalic acid)

1-2% calcium

The long keeping

quality of gingelly

oil is due to the

presence of

antioxidant

‘Sesemolin

Protein –L

Globulin

Rich in methionine,

tryptophan but

deficient in lysine

Brown seeded varieties à Grown in

Coastal areas.

Gauri, Madhavi, YLM-11, YLM-

17,Varada,Usha,TMV6 ;

White seeded varieties à Grown in

Telangana area

Rajeswari, Swetha, Pratap, RT-125,

Mrug-1, TG-22, T-12, T-78

etc., Black seeded varieties à Krishna,

Soma,

20

.

Sunflower

Anti

nutritional

factor :

Polypheno

l

rich source

of

“Linoleic

Oil 48-53%

20% protein in

addition to

40—50%, oil

duration (60-

100 days)

quality edible

oil (PUFA)

AICRP –

Hyderabad

Achene 1ST hybrid-BSH-1 (Pro-Agro)

Predovik ( black),

Maruti, KBSH 44, Pro Sun 09, NDSH

– 1, DRSH – 1, MSFH –8, APSH –

11,Jwalamukhi, Sungene 85

Hybrids : TNAUSUF 7, DRSF 108, EC

69874, EC 68413, EC

68414 (Russian) Sunrise selection

(Canadian )


acid” –

64%.

% in oil:

Saturated

Fatty acid

-12 %

Mono

Unsaturate

d

Fatty acid

-16 %

multiplication

ratio (>1: 80)

Oil content 36-

37%

21

.

Rapeseed

&

Mustard

Anti

nutritional

factor :

Erucicacid

- >40 ppm

,

Glucosinat

e->120

ppm

Refined oil is

called colza is

used in Europe.

Recent

Biofotified

varietie/hybri

ds:

Directorate

of Mustard

& rapeseed

research

Bharatpur

AICRP –

bharatpur

Siliqua 1st hybrid of mustard : Pusa

Jaikisan(bio-902)developed by V.L.

Chopra

Varuna(T-59) (rainfed & irrigated )

GE mustard -DMH 11

Recent ICAR Released varieties

Pusa double zero mustard 31

( first canola type )

Canola type of gobhi sarson –PGSH -

51

Rapeseed:


Canola oil

is low in

erucic acid

(<2% in

oil),

glucosinola

tes (<20

micromole

s per gram

in meal)

and has a

lower level

of

saturated

fats (only

6%) than

any other

vegetable

oil.

Pusa double

zero mustard

31

Countrys first

canola quality

Indian mustard

variety

Erucic acid -<2

ppm

Glucosinate

<30 ppm

a) Toria : Agrani, Bhawani, Parbati,

Anuradha ,Sangam and T-

22( Punjab selection)

b)Brown sarson: Pusa

kalyani,Supla,M-18.

c)Yellow sarson: Benoy,YST-

151,Type-42,M-3.

Mustard : Pusa Agrani, Pusa bold,

Geeta, Kranti, Jagannadh,Jawahar

Mustard 2,Vasundhara,Varuna,

Vardhan, M-27, RLM 198, Krishna,

Rohini ,Prakash,.

22

.

Safflower Rich in PUFA

(78%) – to

AICRP –

hyderabad

Achene 1st Hybrids - DSH – 129,


Anti

nutritional

factor :

Polypheno

l

% in oil:

Saturated

Fatty acid

-10 %

Mono

Unsaturate

d

Fatty acid

-14 %

Linoleic

acid – 78%

Oil is used

in the

reduce blood

cholesterols

Oil (28-32%) is

also used in:

and liquid

nutrition

formulations

tive

non-allergenic

dispersant for

injectable

medicines

is used to heal

sores and

rheumatism

extraction –red

dye

preparations

NARI -NH – 1 ( First non-spiny hybrid

in the world),

Varieties:Manjira, Sgaramuthyalu

(APRR – 3), Parbhani

Kusum, Phule Kusum,A-1 (National

Check)

Hybrid : NARI – 15,NARI – 38, Bhima,

Girna, Sharda and

Swetha.

JSF-1,2,5, JSI-7, EB-7, JSH-129


preparation

of

“Roghan”

which is

used in the

preservatio

n of leather

and

the

production

of water

proof

cloth.

reported to

have effects on

circulatory

systems

23

.

Linseed

dual

purpose

crop grown

for oil as

well as

fibre;

Linseed oil

is very

excellent

drying oil

Oil is high in

omega-3 fatty

acid,

20-24 %

protein,

37-42% oil.

Rich in

Linolenic acid

(66%)

AICRP –

Kanpur

Dual purpose varieties including Gaurav,

Shikha, Jeevan and

Parwati;Surabhi, Janki, Himalini,

Surabhi ,Janki, Nagarkol, R-552

Kiran,Sheetal Jawahar -23 , Punjab LC-

54, Himalini LC-54, Swetha,Shubra,

Garima and Neelam


24

.

Niger

35-40% oil,

Linoleic acid is

major FA.

AICRP –

Jabalpur

“Oodacamund” – 120 – 130 days.

Ootacamand, GA 10, Phulbani, GAZ,

GA 10, CHH4, RCR 317,

TN 5.

25

.

Castor

Castor oil

is used as a

purgative.

In dyeing

industries,

it is used

for the

preparation

of

“Turkey

red”.

It is not

used as

cattle feed

because of

toxic

behavior of

Oil is used as

lubricant

contains

Oil is 48-56

%, (80-90%

ricinolic acid)

12-

16%

proteins,23-

27% fibre.

Non edible

Laxative

Sulphonation

of castor oil –

turkey red oil

.

JATROPA

VARIETY

CONTAINS 49.2

% OIL- SDAUJI

9 ( chatrapati )

Aruna is a mutant variety

MD,High yielding- Kranthi,

haritha(varieties), Kiran released by

PJTSAU,HYD.

GCH -3,GCH 4 (hybrid)

Jyothi, Jwala, DCH-177, DCH-519

released by IIOR Hyd.

Bhagya and Sowbhagya are the oldest

varieties

Spacing for Aruna castor is 60 X 30 cm,

Aruna (nipped) – 45 X 30cm. Nipping of

axillary buds is practiced when castor is

grown for seed production


rice “(an

albumin)

and

ricenine”

(an

alkaloid)”

26

.

Cotton

Anti

nutritional

factor :

Gossypol

,gossypur

purin,

gossypulvi

n

Sample

quality –

Expressed

in counts.

A count is

the

number

King of

Fibres;

White Gold.

Oil

14.5- 22.5%

(desi cotton),

17.5-22.5%

(American

cotton)

1 Bale =170Kg

Fibre

strength:

Stelometer;Fib

re

fineness:

micronaire

CICR-

Nagpur

CIRCT-

Mumbai

AICRP –

Coimbatore

cotton plant

contains lint

and fuzz -

.Hemp

Neppiness – the

defect in yarn. Due

to the fibres, tiny

krots are formed in

the yarn

Ginning %

G.barbedense- 28-

30 %

G. hirusutum-33-38

%

Desi type-36-42 %

1ST hybrid cotton: H4( Surat

farm,Gujarat )- Intraspecific hybrids

1st Interspecific hybrids Hybrid cotton-

Varalakshmi

Saraswathi – Desi cotton

Introduction : Cambodia cotton in

South India, MCU- 1

Varieties: MCU – 5, MCU – 10, K9,

K10

Desi cotton - DH 7, DH9

Male sterility based hybrids –

Suguna, PKVHY3, ARDH- 7

Leaf curl resistance – Fateh LHH 144 category Staple

length(

mm)


hanks

(840 yards

each)

found in

the one

pound of

yarn

count

range- 6s

to 120s

(very

fine,fine,averag

e, coarse, very

coarse)

Colour of

fibre:

Nickerson –

hunter

Fibre

maturity:

Sherly analyser

The average

wt. of Very

fine fibre

< 3.0 mg

Short < 20 Mutation :MCU 7- Xray irradiated

mutant of L 1143

MCU 10 - Gamma irradiated mutant of

MCU 4

Indore – 2,MCU – 5 and Rasmie

Egyptian cotton – Sujata

1ST biotechnology crop is – Bt cotton –

cry 1 AC gene(against Helicoverpa )

G-777 -Indian cotton variety

medium 20.5-

24.5

Medium

long

25-27

Long 27.5-

32

Extra

Long

>32.5

27

.

Jute

8 class

White- W1

to W8

Tossa jute(

TD1 to

TD8)

Bitterness

in jute is

due -

.Corchorin

Fibre

strength:

Fiber bundle

strength tester

Fineness:

gravimetric

method( time

consuming)-

linear density

of fiber .UNIT

– TEX-mass of

the single

filament of 1

CRIJAF –

Barrackpore

NIRJAFT-

Kolkata

Network

project-

barrackpore

BIS(ISI) Grading

capsularis – JRC 212, JRC 321, JRC

7447

olitorious– JRO 524, JRO 878, JRO 835

Mutation breeding : Using x rays JRC

7447 and Rupali

parameter weight

age

Value for max

weightage

Root

content

33 White-10%

Tossa-5%

colour 12 >65 %

defect 22 Free from defects


RETTING

-

Biochemic

al process

km length

expressed in

gram.

In industry –

unit – DENIER

-9 times of

tex.-air flow

method used in

jute

Colour – luster

meter

Strength(g

/tex)

26 Tossa->29.5

White ->27

Fineness

(tex)

5 Tossa -<2.7

White-<1.8

Bulk

density

(g/cc(

2 >0.45

28

.

Mesta

i)Single reed

method -Good

Quality

fibre.ii)

Beat-Break

Jerk

Method - Poor

quality fibre,

i)Bimili 1; AMC-108 HC- 583

ii)HS 4288; HS 7910 AMV 1; AMV 2;

AMV 3(surya), AMV – 4

(Kalinga), AMV – 5 (Durga)

29

.

Sugarcane

62% of world

sugar;

IISR –

Lucknow,

A method of plant

analysis for

Wonder variety of sugarcane –


i)Hand

Refracto

meter:Brix

reading

(Total Solids

present in the

juice

in %); 18-20 %

AICRP –

lucknow

SBI-

Coimbatore

assessing nutrient

requirement in

sugarcane -Crop

Logging Nutrient,

responsible for

translocation of

sugar in sugarcane-

Potassium (K)

Co 0238 ( karan 4):high yielding,high

sugar content

New variety – Co98014 ( Karan )

Superior quality Jaggary is obtained

from the Sugar cane variety is CO –

7706.

Sugarcane variety –Co 205

30

.

Sugarbeet

Bolting;

Multigerm (4

seedlings

glomerule)

BRIX- 23-24

%

31

.

Tobacco

burning

quality is

positively

FCV,Burley,o

riental

tobacco -

export

CTRI –

Rajamundry,

A.P

Flue curing-

cigarette First hybrid : GTH 1

FCV-Kanchan,gowthami,

haema,kanthi,swarna,bhavya,rathna,

Bidi-GT4,GT 5, Anand 2, pyruvitham


related ‘K’

content of

leaf.

N.tabacum

-Smoking

and

chewing

N. rustica -

Hookah,

chewing

and snuff

Nicotine

accumulate

s in leaves

Nicotine –

principle

alkaloid

Nicotine

sulphate –

insecticidal,

pharmaceutici

al

Nicotine

content (%) of

tobacco is

0.5 to 5.5 (N.

tabacum) and

3.5 to 8.0 (N.

rustica)

NICOTINE ( 9

% in bidi

,others -1-5%_)

,SOLENESOL

Network

project –

rajamundry

Sucker

control-

Deconal or

Royalten-4

%

Desuckering

– MH

(Melaic

Hydracids

(2%)

Fire curing – bidi,

hookah,

chewing,snuff

Air curing –

hookah,burley,natu

,lanka

Sun curing-cigar &

cheroot,chewing,

HDBRG,Biddi,

pikka

Method of

fertilization-

Dollop/PRPF/RID

GE

Priming method of

harvesting is

popular in

-Cigarette,

Wrapper and

Chewing type

Burley –sweta

Natu-

peddavithanam,pyruvithanam,rangapura

m,tokaku,vishwanth

Bhairavi,

Cigar & cheoot- OK1, bhavani spl. Olor

10

Chewing : bihar, vaishali,sona, lichchavi

Hookah- dharla,DD 437

Mutant varieties of tobacco are

Ans.Jayashri, Bhavya


32

.

Potato

Undergro

und stem

Beta

carotene -

2-3

mg/100g

late blight

is most danger

disease of

potato

Recent

Biofotified

varietie

Bhu sona

Beta carotene

-14 mg/100g

CIP( Centro

International

de la papa)

-Lima, Peru

CPRI-

shimla

AICRP –

shimla

The solanin content

present in potato is

5 mg/100 gm of

potato

Protein-1.6 %

Tuberization 17-

20 0C

Earthing up -30-

45DAS

Special size

(superior grade

tubers) of potato

should have - 8 cm

diameter

Early mature: kufri chandramukhi,

kufri lavkar, kufri ashoka,kufri jawahar. ,

Kufri alankar, , Kufri bahar, Late :kufri deva, kufri megha,

Mid: kufri sindhuri, kufri jyoti, kufri

lalima, kufri swarna, kufri badshah,kufri

giriraj, kufri Sutlej.

Clonao selection: kufri red, Kufri safed,

33

.

Minor

millets

AICRP –

Bangalore

Kodo millet (Nivas – 1 varieties)

Foxtail:

Chitra, Arjuna, Prasad, Lepakshi,

Krishnadevaraya, Nallamala,

Narasimharaya, Srilakshmi

34

.

Sunnhemp

K12,


35

.

Fodder

sorghum

HCN :

Less than

20 mg

HCN / 100

gram of

feed

material

(<200

ppm)

HCN

synthesize

d in root

&

translocat

ed

Young

leaves

contains

more than

500 ppm.

Harvest for

fodder at

heading stage /

50% flowering.

Drying or hay

making

Ruminants are

more

susceptible

than horse and

Figs.

Crude protein

content 9.2 to

9.8%.

IGFRI-(

grass &

fooder )

Jhansi

AICRP

forage

Jhansi

Ensiling – It

is the process

of making

silage.

–

The portions

of the forage

material that

remain after

making hay

is generally

known as

haylage

which is

used for

“Hay” is the dry

form of forage crop

that is cut before it

is dead ripe and

dried for storage

without any

appreciable loss of

nutrients value.

The principle

grasses for hay

making are

Cynodon dactylom.

- It is the

product which is

formed when the

forage plant

material is put in a

place

when it can

ferment in the

absence of the air.

1st public sector forage sorghum- Pusa

Chari hybrid 106

Contingency plan- Malavan,S-1049

Used as green fodder, stover, silage and

hay. It is an excellent silage crop. Since it

contains HCN, it should be harvested at

50% flowering.


feeding the

cattle.

36

.

Fodder

maize

Annual

summer

cereal

Crude protein

content 9- 10

%

Fodder crop maize varieties-African

tall, J1006

37

.

Napier

Oxalic acid

present in

Napier

grass and

rice straw

(contain

1.5 to

1.6%).

Crude protein

content 10 %

“Butyric acid”

gives bad odour to

silage

Napier x bajra (NB) hybrid – Pusa Gaint

38

.

Berseem

Anti

nutritional

factor :

20% crude

protein / 70%

drymatter

digestibility

Preservative used

in silage making is

Sodium

metabisulphate.

Acid in

Berseem -Pusa gaint variety is treated

with calchicine for good germination

Vardan, chindwara, BL-1, 11, 22, 52,

C-10 (Maskavi), IGFRI 99-1


Saponins:

Biologicall

y active

glycosides

of steroid

Rich in Ca and

P

preservation is

Lactic

acid.

39

.

Lucern

Anti

nutritional

factor :

Saponin

High crude

protein (20 to

24%) with 72%

digestibility.

1.5% Ca and

0.2% P. High

amount of

vitamin A, B

and D, and

Calcium.

“Lucerne

yellowing” is cause

due to the

deficiency of

Boron (B)

40

.

Oats

Nitrate

poisoning:

Forage that

accumulate

d more

than 1.5%

of NO 3

Kent, Algerian, Bunker 10, Coachmen,

HFO 114, UPO 50

Craig, Afterlee, Fulgham, Fleming

gold


(CN grass

also

contained )

41

.

Mentha

Peppermint

(M.piperita

)

The fresh

herb

contains

essential

oils

ranging

from 0.4 to

0.6%. The

constituent

s of

peppermint

Japanese mint

is a primary

source of

menthol. The

fresh leaves

contain .4-

6.0% oil. The

main

constituents of

the oil are

menthol (65-

75%),

menthone (7-

10%) and

menthyl

acetate (12-

15%) and

Directorate

of medicinal

& aromatic

Research

Anand

.

Spearmint

(M.spicata)

The principal

constituent of

spearmint oil is

carvone (57.71%)

and the other minor

constituents are

phellandrene,

limonene,L-pinene

and cinelole. The

oil is used mostly

as a flavouring in

toothpastes and as

food flavouring in

pickles and spices,

chewing gum and

A) Japanese mint Himalaya (MAS0-1)

Shivalik

Ec-41911

B) Peppermint

Kukrail:

C) Spearmint

MSS-1

MESS-5

Punjab spearmint-1


oil are

almost

similar to

Japanese

mint oil.

However,

the

menthol

content is

lower in

peppermint

oil and

varies

between

35-

50%. The

other

constituent

s are

menthyl

acetate

(14-15%),

menthone

(925%)

terpenes

(pipene,

limonene

and

comphene).

Bergamot mint

(M.citrate)

Linalool and

linalyl acetate

are the main

constituents of

Bergamot mint

oil. The oil is

used directly in

perfumes.

Cosmetic

preparations

like scents,

soaps, after-

shave lotions

and colognes

confectionery,

soaps and sauces


menthoufu

ran and

terpenes

like

pinene and

limonene

also contain

this oil.

42

.

Lemon

grass

.

oil -

manufacture of

perfume in

industry for

soaps, hair oils,

scents and

medicines.

Also be used

for headaches,

toothaches,

baths,

fomentations,

as a diuretic

agent for fever

and as an

citral

content (75-

86%), but

the West

Indian oil

along with

citral

contains

other

aldehydes

which lower

the quantity

of the oil.

antibacterial

properties.

lonone prepared

from the citral

present in lemon

grass oil is one of

the most important

raw materials for

the preparation of

vitamin A

Sugandhi (OD-19)

Pragathi

Praman

RRL-16

CKP-25 - interspecific hybrid between

C. khasianus and C. pendulu

'Kaveri' and 'Krishna' from the

CIMAP, Regional Station, Bangalore,

have been recently released as high-

yielding varieties for cultivation


insect

repellent.

43

.

Isabagol

The husk

of the seed

is

economic

part -

contains

colloidal

mucilage

mainly

consisting

of xylose,

arabinose,

galacturoni

c acid.

* The husk has

the property of

absorbing and

retaining water

and it works as

an anti

diarrhoeal

drug.

* It is

beneficial in

chronic

dysenteries of

amoebic and

bacillary

origin.

* It is also used

for treating

constipation

and intestinal

disorders as it

Gujarat Isabgol-1

Yields 800-900 kg of seeds per

hectare.

Gujarat Isabgol-2

Has a potential to yield 1,000 kg of

seeds per hectare.

Niharika

CIMAP- high yielding variety


works as

calorie free

fiber food,

promoting

regular bowel

movement

others Pomegranate – solapur lal

High Fe, Zn, Vit C

SWEET POTATO - Bhu Krishna

Cauliflower – Countrys 1st biofortified cauliflower - Pusa beta kesari 1

table 6 : important characteristics, nutrition & …sikkim primitive 2. mass selection: kt 1 -...

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