table a.1: typical graduation age, by level of higher …...table a.4: typical starting age, by...
TRANSCRIPT
Table A.1: Typical graduation age, by level of higher education
Non-university (ISCED 5)
University-level education, first stage (ISCED 6)
University-level education, second stage (ISCED 7)
CountryAll programs Short programs Long programs
Second Programs (e.g. U.S. Master's)
Ph.D. equivalent
Australia 20 21 x 24 25
Austria 20-22 a 22-25 a 24-27
Belgium 21-23 a 22-24 23-26 26-30
Canada 21 22 x 24 27
Czech Republic 21-22 21-22 23-25 a 26-28
Denmark 23-24 25-27 25-27 26-27 29-35
Finland 21-22 22-24 25-26 25-26 29-30
France 20-21 a 22 a 26
Germany 21 a 26 a 29-31
Greece 20-22 a 22-24 23-24 25-27
Hungary a 21-22 23-24 26-28 a
Iceland 23 23 25 25-28 29-35
Ireland 19-21 20-22 23-24 21-24 24-27
Italy 21 22 23 a 25
Japan 20 a 22 24 27
Korea 20 22 x 24 29
Luxembourg 21-22 a* a* a* a*
Mexico 23 x 23 26 28
Netherlands a a 23 25 28
New Zealand 21 21 x 23 25
Norway 20-21 23 24 24-28 25-29
Poland 20-22 22-23 23-26 24-26 27-29
Portugal 21-22 21-22 22-24 24 26-27
Russian Federation 19-20 20-23 22-25 a 26
Spain 20 21 23 x 26-28
Sweden 20-22 22 23-24 24-27 26-29
Switzerland 23-29 a 26 a 31
Turkey 19 a 25-27 25-27 25-27
United Kingdom 20 21 x 22 26
United States 20 22 a 24 27
*In Luxembourg, only the first year of university studies can be taken. Afterwards, students have to continue their university studies
in foreign countries.
a = Data not applicable.
x = Data included in another category.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, 1997, Table X1.2d.
Tab
le A
.2:
Co
untry
fina
ncia
l sta
tistic
s (r
efe
renc
e p
erio
d:
ca
lend
ar y
ea
r 199
4)
Gro
ss D
omes
tic
Prod
uct (
in m
illion
s of
nat
iona
l cu
rrenc
y)Ex
chan
ge ra
tes
Gro
ss D
omes
tic P
rodu
ct
(in m
illion
s of
dol
lars
, ad
just
ed b
y m
arke
t ex
chan
ge ra
te)
Tota
l pub
lic e
xpen
ditu
re
(in m
illion
s of
dol
lars
, ad
just
ed b
y m
arke
t ex
chan
ge ra
te)
Cou
ntry
Purc
hasi
ng
pow
er p
arity
ex
chan
ge ra
te
Una
djus
ted
mar
ket
exch
ange
rate
Com
para
tive
pric
e le
vels
of
GD
PAd
just
men
t fa
ctor
Aust
ralia
443,
020
1.35
1.42
0.95
$312
,172
m1.
0067
15Au
stria
2,26
2,91
713
.95
11.4
21.
2219
8,12
3$1
03,8
941
Belg
ium
7,67
8,12
937
.36
33.4
61.
1222
9,49
612
8,65
11
Can
ada
740,
129
1.25
1.37
0.91
541,
965
266,
214
1.00
5452
Cze
ch R
epub
lic1,
037,
500
11.3
028
.79
0.39
36,0
4316
,082
1D
enm
ark
928,
597
8.73
6.36
1.37
145,
992
92,7
901
Finl
and
509,
924
6.16
5.22
1.18
97,6
2159
,425
1Fr
ance
7,38
9,65
46.
645.
551.
201,
330,
990
724,
462
1G
erm
any
3,32
0,40
02.
071.
621.
282,
046,
106
1,01
6,34
21
Gre
ece
23,7
55,8
0619
6.59
242.
600.
8197
,920
34,3
871
Hun
gary
4,36
4,80
067
.50
105.
160.
6441
,506
13,6
011
Icel
and
434,
525
84.2
269
.94
1.20
6,21
22,
531
1Ire
land
36,0
510.
640.
670.
9653
,918
22,4
111
Italy
1,64
0,00
0,00
01,
536.
391,
612.
440.
951,
017,
092
553,
819
1Ja
pan
479,
000,
000
181.
0910
2.21
1.77
4,68
6,43
01,
633,
891
1.00
2131
Kore
a30
6,00
0,00
066
1.50
803.
450.
8238
0,85
880
,437
1Lu
xem
bour
g48
7,67
140
.08
33.4
61.
2014
,576
m1
Mex
ico
1,42
0,15
91.
953.
380.
5842
0,77
573
,959
1N
ethe
rland
s61
2,98
02.
131.
821.
1733
6,80
418
7,38
01
New
Zea
land
84,4
811.
511.
730.
8748
,903
18,2
211.
0094
88N
orw
ay86
9,74
29.
147.
061.
2912
3,23
564
,189
1Po
land
210,
407
1.09
2.27
0.48
92,5
9630
,278
1Po
rtuga
l14
,082
,597
118.
3416
5.99
0.71
84,8
38m
1R
ussi
an F
eder
atio
n61
1,00
0,00
091
2.10
mm
mm
1Sp
ain
64,6
98,8
0012
1.55
133.
960.
9148
2,97
818
8,69
11
Swed
en1,
531,
102
9.92
7.72
1.29
198,
433
138,
661
1Sw
itzer
land
352,
920
2.10
1.37
1.54
258,
039
94,5
381
Turk
ey3,
870,
000,
000
12,1
16.1
629
,608
.70
0.41
130,
705
30,3
631
Uni
ted
King
dom
665,
570
0.65
0.65
0.99
1,01
8,58
445
9,15
61.
0144
24U
nite
d St
ates
6,64
9,80
01.
001.
001.
006,
649,
800
2,39
7,40
01.
0113
97m
= D
ata
no
t a
vaila
ble
.
SOU
RC
E: O
rga
niz
atio
n f
or E
co
no
mic
Co
-op
era
tion
an
d D
eve
lop
me
nt,
Ed
uc
atio
n a
t a
Gla
nc
e:
OEC
D In
dic
ato
rs, 1
997,
Ta
ble
X2.
1, p
.352
.
GD
P pe
r cap
ita (i
n eq
uiva
lent
US
dolla
rs c
onve
rted
usin
g PP
Ps)
$18,
516
20,2
0620
,316
20,2
988,
883
20,4
4516
,273
19,2
3319
,668
11,5
906,
302
19,3
2415
,783
18,6
4821
,170
10,4
0530
,116
7,82
218
,724
15,9
5921
,954
5,00
812
,018
45,2
3213
,596
17,5
8223
,859
5,27
117
,622
25,5
12
Table A.3: Typical cumulative yearsof schooling by level of education
Country Non-university University
Australia 15 16
Austria 15 19
Belgium 15 16
Canada 15 16
Czech Republic 15 17
Denmark 14 18
Finland 14 17
France 14 16
Germany 15 19
Greece 16 16
Hungary 14 17
Iceland 17 18
Ireland 16 17
Italy 15 19
Luxembourg 16 m
Netherlands a 17
New Zealand 15 16
Norway 14 16
Portugal 14 16
Spain 14 17
Sweden 14 16
Switzerland 16 19
Turkey 14 16
United Kingdom 16 17
United States 14 16
a = Data not applicable.
m = Data not available.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,
Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators, 1997, Table x1.1.
Table A.4: Typical starting age, by level of higher education
Non-university University level, University-level,
Country (ISCED 5) first stage (ISCED 6) second stage (ISCED 7)
Australia 18 18 22
Austria 18-19 18-19 22-25
Belgium 18-19 18-19 22-24
Canada 18 18 22
Czech Republic 18-19 18-19 23-25
Denmark 21-22 19-23 19-26
Finland 19-20 19-20 21-23
France 18-19 18 21
Germany 19 19 26
Greece 18-19 18-19 22-24
Hungary 18 18-19 23-25
Iceland 20 20 24
Ireland 17-18 17-18 20-24
Italy 19 19 23
Japan 18 18 22
Korea 18 18 22
Luxembourg 19 19 a
Mexico 18 18 24
Netherlands a 18 19
New Zealand 18 18 21
Norway 19 19 m
Poland 19 19-20 22-26
Portugal 18 18 22
Russian Federation 15-18 17-19 22-25
Spain 18 18 22-24
Sweden 19 19 22-24
Switzerland 19-25 20 26
Turkey 17 17 21
United Kingdom 18 18 21
United States 18 18 22
a = Data not applicable.
m = Data not available.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Education
at a Glance: OECD Indicators , 1997, Table X1.2a.
Table A.5: Typical graduation age, upper secondary level, first educational programs
Country
All programs General programsVocational and
technical programs
School-based vocational and
technical programs
Combined school and work-based vocational and
technical programs
Australia 19 18 20 20 20
Austria 17-19 18 17-19 17-19 18-19
Belgium 18-20 18 18-20 18-20 18-20
Canada 18 m m m m
Czech Republic 18-19 18-19 18-19 18-19 17-19
Denmark 19-22 19-20 19-22 19-22 19-22
Finland 19 19 18-19 18-19 18-19
France 18-20 18 18-20 18-20 18-20
Germany 19 19 19 19 19
Greece 18-19 18-19 18-19 18-19 a
Hungary 17-18 18 17-18 18 17
Iceland 20 20 20 20 20
Ireland 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18 17-18
Italy 17-19 19 17-19 17-19 a
Japan 18 18 18 18 a
Korea 18 18 18 18 18
Luxembourg 18-19 19 18-19 18-19 18-19
Mexico 18 18 18 18 a
Netherlands 18-19 18-19 19-20 19 18-21
New Zealand 18 18 18 18 a
Norway 19 19 19 19 19
Poland 18-20 19 18-20 18-20 18-20
Portugal 18 17 18 18 18
Russian Federation 18 17 18 18 a
Spain 16-18 17-18 16-18 16-18 18
Sweden 19 19 19 19 a
Switzerland 18-20 18-20 18-20 18-20 18-20
Turkey 17 17 17-19 17-19 17-18
United Kingdom 16-18 16-18 18 18 18
United States 18 m m m m
a = Data not applicable.
m = Data not available.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,
Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators , 1997, Table X1.2b.
Table A.6: Typical graduation age, upper secondary level, second educational programs
CountryAll programs General programs
Vocational and technical programs
School-based vocational and
technical programs
Combined school and work-based vocational
and technical programs
Austria 18-20 a 18-20 18-20 a
Czech Republic 21-23 a 21-23 21-23 21-23
Denmark 22-23 22-23 22-23 22-23 22-23
Finland 20-21 21 20-21 20-21 20-21
France 19-20 a 19-20 19-20 19-20
Germany 22 25 22 22 22
Hungary 19-21 20 20 21 19
Iceland 20 20 20 20 20
Ireland 18-19 a 18-19 18-19 18-19
Italy 19 a 19 a 19
Netherlands 19-20 19 20 20 20
Portugal 18 18 18 18 18
Spain 19 a 19 a 19
a = Data not applicable.
Note: Only countries which report second or further educational programs at the upper secondary level are listed.
SOURCE: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators , 1997, Table X1.2c.
Table A.7: Background information on eligibility requirements for upper secondary and higher education scholarships and grants: 1994-1995
Scholarships/GrantsEligibility dependent on
Country Related to progress Student's income Parents' income Partner's incomeAustralia no yes yes yesAustria yes yes yes yes
Belgium, Flemish yes yes yes yes 1
Canada yes yes yes yes 2
Czech Republic no yes yes yes 3
Denmark yes yes yes no 4
Finland yes yes/no yes/no no 5
France yes yes yes yes 6
Germany yes yes yes yes 7
Greece yes no yes no 8
Ireland yes yes yes yes 9
Mexico yes yes yes yes 10
Netherlands yes no yes no 11
New Zealand yes yes yes yes 12
Norway yes yes yes no 13
Spain yes yes yes yes
Sweden yes yes no yes 14
Switzerland yes/no yes yes yes 15
United Kingdom no yes yes yes 16
United States no yes yes yes 17
1 Related to progress only for scholarships at the secondary level when the student is no longer of school age, and at the higher education level.2 No tuition fees for public primary and secondary institutions.3 No tuition fees for public institutions; eligibility depends on total income of student's family.4 No tuition fees for public institutions; eligibility based on parents' income for students aged 18-19.5 No tuition fees for public institutions; if student works outside academic year, income has no effect on scholarship; parents income has effect at age 17-19.6 The relationship to academic progress only pertains for scholarships at the higher education level.7 No tuition fees for public institutions; within higher education, eligibility related to certified progress. Maximum duration of scholarships/grants limited to the theoretical duration of study.8 No tuition fees for public institutions.9 Eligibility depends on student's and partner's income only if student is over 23; In upper secondary only a few institutions charge fees.10 These criteria for eligibility pertain to higher education level only.11 Related to progress in higher education.12 Eligibility depends on parents' income if student is under 25 and single; grants are also related to student progress; eligibility and relation to student progress for scholarships vary according to scholarship under consideration.13 Eligibility depends on parents' income if student is under 19 in upper secondary education; in public higher education, institutions may ask a small term fee for running of student welfare activities.14 No tuition fees.15 Depends on canton.16 Eligibility mainly dependent on parents' income; students aged over 25 have their own income taken into account.17 Eligibility not specifically dependent on student progress, but if a student fails or does not maintain a certain average, could lose scholarship; no tuition fees for upper secondary except at private schools.
NOTE: Loans can include subsidies to cover interest on private loans. Scholarships or grants mayconsist of subsidies for housing, meals, transport, medical expenses, books and supplies,social and recreational purposes. For Australia, Austria, Finland, Germany:values for certain sub-categories of specific subsidies are missingSOURCE: Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators , 1997, Table B3.3.
Uni
vers
ity a
nd n
on-u
nive
rsity
hig
her e
duca
tion
degr
ees
awar
ded
in s
elec
ted
coun
tries
[Pag
e]
Tab
le A
.8:
De
gre
es
and
de
gre
e p
rog
ram
s, b
y c
oun
tryN
atio
nal
degr
ee/q
ualif
icat
ion
stru
ctur
eR
equi
rem
ents
IN E
AG:
Deg
ree
or q
ualif
icat
ion
Entry
requ
irem
ent
Dur
atio
nC
um-u
lativ
e du
ratio
nP/
TEq
uiva
lent
to a
un
iver
sity
de
gree
Inte
r-m
edia
te1s
t 2n
d3r
dFi
elds
of s
tudy
(if s
peci
fic
to d
egre
e)Ad
vanc
ed
rese
arch
D
isse
r-ta
tion
Pub-
lishe
d w
ork
Not
esR
12 c
ate-
gorie
s (s
ee
belo
w)
Verif
ied
by
coun
try
AU
STR
ALI
A1
A1C
ertif
icat
e I
Year
10
11
1A
A2C
ertif
icat
e II
Year
10
11
AA3
Cer
tific
ate
IIIYe
ar 1
0 to
yea
r 12
34
1Te
nds
to in
clud
e tra
des
AA4
Cer
tific
ate
IVYe
ar 1
24
41
Supe
rvis
ory
cour
ses
A
A5D
iplo
ma
Year
12
22
Hos
pita
lity
indu
stry
and
de
sign
and
som
e ar
eas
of
appl
ied
scie
nce
and
tech
nolo
gy
A
A6Ad
vanc
ed d
iplo
ma
Year
12
33
Para
prof
essi
onal
A
A7Ba
chel
or's
deg
ree
(pas
s)H
ighe
r sch
ool c
ertif
icat
e,
univ
ersi
ty e
xam
inat
ion,
sch
ool-
leav
ing
certi
ficat
e3,
43
11
Arts
, sci
ence
, eco
nom
ics,
ap
plie
d sc
ienc
e, n
ursi
ng,
etc.
Mos
t deg
rees
take
thre
e ye
ars,
th
ough
an
incr
easi
ng n
umbe
r are
ta
king
four
yea
rs.
The
long
er
degr
ees
are
mai
nly
voca
tiona
lly
orie
nted
cou
rses
.
B
A8Ba
chel
or's
deg
ree
(hon
ors)
Hig
her s
choo
l cer
tific
ate,
un
iver
sity
exa
min
atio
n, s
choo
l-le
avin
g ce
rtific
ate
44
11
Arts
, sci
ence
, eco
nom
ics,
ap
plie
d sc
ienc
e, n
ursi
ng,
etc.
B
A9Ba
chel
or o
f eng
inee
ring
Hig
her s
choo
l cer
tific
ate,
un
iver
sity
exa
min
atio
n, s
choo
l-le
avin
g ce
rtific
ate
44
11
B
A10
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e (v
eter
inar
y, m
edic
ine,
de
ntis
try, a
rchi
tect
ure)
Hig
her s
choo
l cer
tific
ate,
un
iver
sity
exa
min
atio
n, s
choo
l-le
avin
g ce
rtific
ate
55
11
Vete
rinar
ian
med
icin
e,
dent
istry
, arc
hite
ctur
eC
A11
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e (m
edic
ine
& su
rger
y)*
Hig
her s
choo
l cer
tific
ate,
un
iver
sity
exa
min
atio
n, s
choo
l-le
avin
g ce
rtific
ate
77
11
Med
icin
e an
d su
rger
yC
A12
Gra
duat
e ce
rtific
ate
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e (p
ass)
14
11
Man
agem
ent,
busi
ness
, ad
min
istra
tion
D
A13
Gra
duat
e di
plom
aBa
chel
or's
deg
ree
(pas
s)2
61
1D
A14
Mas
ter's
deg
ree
(pas
s)Ba
chel
or's
deg
ree
(pas
s)1
51
1A
bach
elor
's (h
onor
s) is
requ
ired
for m
aste
r's b
y re
sear
chD
A15
Mas
ter's
deg
ree
(hon
ors)
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e (h
onor
s)2
61
1D
A16
Doc
tor o
f phi
loso
phy
(Ph.
D.)
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e (h
onor
s) o
r m
aste
r's3
to 5
7 to
91
11
1E
A17
Hig
her d
octo
rate
in
scie
nce
(D.S
c.) o
r hu
man
ities
(D.L
it.)
Doc
tor o
f phi
loso
phy
(Ph.
D.)
10+
14t
h1
1E
*So
me
univ
ersi
ties
offe
r a b
ache
lor o
f med
icin
e an
d su
rger
y as
a 4
yea
r sec
ond
degr
ee, t
he e
ntra
nce
requ
irem
ent b
eing
a b
ache
lor's
deg
ree
(3 y
rs).
Cum
ulat
ive
dura
tion
rem
ains
7 y
ears
.C
AN
AD
A1
CA1
Dip
lom
aSe
cond
ary
scho
ol c
ertif
icat
e us
ually
requ
ired
11
Car
eer o
rient
ed
prof
essi
onal
& s
emi-
prof
essi
onal
pro
gram
sA
CA2
Cer
tific
ate
Seco
ndar
y sc
hool
cer
tific
ate
usua
lly re
quire
d2+
2+C
aree
r orie
nted
pr
ofes
sion
al &
sem
i-pr
ofes
sion
al p
rogr
ams
A
CA3
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e (g
ener
al o
r pas
s)
Seco
ndar
y sc
hool
dip
lom
a (1
2 ye
ars.
13
year
s in
Que
bec
and
Ont
ario
)3
31
11*
B
CA4
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e (h
onor
s), b
acca
laur
eat
Seco
ndar
y sc
hool
dip
lom
a (1
2 ye
ars.
13
year
s in
Que
bec
and
Ont
ario
)4
41
11
**B
CA5
Firs
t pro
fess
iona
l deg
ree
Seco
ndar
y sc
hool
dip
lom
a (1
2 ye
ars.
13
year
s in
Que
bec
and
Ont
ario
)5
to 7
***
5 to
71
1D
entis
try, l
aw, m
edic
ine,
ar
chite
ctur
eC
P/T
= pa
rt-tim
e1
= Ye
s
R12
Cat
egor
ies
A=N
on-u
nive
rsity
, ter
tiary
B=1s
t uni
vers
ity s
hort
(<=4
)C
=1st
uni
vers
ity lo
ng (>
4)D
=2nd
uni
vers
ity d
egre
eE=
Adva
nced
rese
arch
qua
lific
atio
nN
=Not
incl
uded
Uni
vers
ity a
nd n
on-u
nive
rsity
hig
her e
duca
tion
degr
ees
awar
ded
in s
elec
ted
coun
tries
[Pag
e]
CA6
Mas
ter's
deg
ree,
mai
trise
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e (h
onor
s)1
or 2
5 or
61
11*
* Som
e re
quire
thes
is b
ut n
ot a
llD
*
Nat
iona
l de
gree
/qua
lific
atio
n st
ruct
ure
Req
uire
men
tsIN
EAG
:
Deg
ree
or q
ualif
icat
ion
Entry
requ
irem
ent
Dur
atio
nC
umul
ativ
e du
ratio
nP/
TEq
uiva
lent
to a
un
iver
sity
de
gree
Inte
r-m
edia
te1s
t 2n
d3r
dFi
elds
of s
tudy
(if s
peci
fic
to d
egre
e)Ad
vanc
ed
rese
arch
D
isse
r-ta
tion
Pub-
lishe
d w
ork
Not
esR
12 c
ate-
gorie
s (s
ee
belo
w)
Verif
ied
by
coun
try
CA7
Doc
tora
te, d
octo
rat
Mas
ter's
deg
ree
3 to
58
to 1
11
11
** R
equi
res
thes
is to
be
depo
site
d in
libr
ary
of in
stitu
tion
of s
tudy
E
FRA
NC
E1
FR1
Brev
et d
e te
chni
cian
su
perie
ure
(BTS
)Ba
ccal
aure
at o
r bre
vet d
e te
chni
cian
22
Hol
ders
of a
BTS
may
, in
certa
in
cond
ition
s, c
ontin
ue th
eir s
tudi
es
at u
nive
rsity
or h
ighe
r sch
ools
A
FR2
Dip
lom
e un
iver
sita
ire d
e te
chno
logi
e (D
UT)
Bacc
alau
reat
or e
quiv
alen
t2
2
Shor
t cou
rse
in te
chno
logy
offe
red
by a
uni
vers
oty
inst
itute
of
tech
nolo
gy.
Hol
ders
of a
DU
T m
ay, i
n ce
rtain
con
ditio
ns,
cont
inue
thei
r stu
dies
in a
un
iver
sity
pro
gram
A
FR3
Dip
lom
e ec
oles
su
perie
ures
spe
cial
isee
sBa
ccal
aure
at o
r equ
ival
ent
22
Soci
al w
ork
Fina
l qua
lific
atio
nA
FR4
Dip
lom
e d'
etud
es
univ
ersi
taire
s sc
ient
ifiqu
es
et te
chni
ques
(DU
EST)
Bacc
alau
reat
or e
quiv
alen
t2
2Fi
nal q
ualif
icat
ion
N
FR5
Dip
lom
e d'
etud
es
univ
ersi
taire
s ge
nera
les
(DU
EG)
Bacc
alau
reat
or e
quiv
alen
t2
21
Arts
and
hum
an s
cien
ces,
la
w, e
cono
mic
sFi
rst c
ycle
of a
uni
vers
ity p
rogr
amN
FR6
Lice
nse
DEU
G o
r DU
T1
31
1H
uman
ities
, law
, sci
ence
, ec
onom
ics
N
FR7
Mai
trise
Lice
nse
14
11
Hum
aniti
es, l
aw, s
cien
ce,
econ
omic
sC
FR8
Dip
lom
e ec
oles
su
perie
ures
spe
cial
isee
sBa
ccal
aure
at o
r equ
ival
ent
55
11
Arch
itect
ure,
eng
inee
ring,
ph
arm
acy,
pol
itica
l st
udie
s
Awar
d of
ten
serv
es a
s a
prof
essi
onal
qua
lific
atio
nC
FR9
Dip
lom
e (o
f sch
ool o
f pa
rticu
lar s
ubje
ct)
Bacc
alau
reat
or e
quiv
alen
t, en
tranc
e ex
amin
atio
n af
ter 1
to
3 ye
ars
of p
ost-b
acca
laur
eat
prep
arat
ory
clas
ses
35
11
Awar
d of
ten
serv
es a
s a
prof
essi
onal
qua
lific
atio
nC
FR10
Mag
iste
reD
EUG
or D
UT
35
11
Uni
vers
ity d
iplo
ma,
mul
ti-di
scip
linar
y in
con
tent
C
FR11
Dip
lom
e d'
etud
es
supe
rieur
es s
peci
alis
ees
(DES
S)M
aitri
se1
51
1Pr
ofes
sion
ally
orie
nted
fina
l qu
alifi
catio
n aw
arde
d af
ter a
yea
r of
rese
arch
wor
kE
FR12
Dip
lom
e d'
etud
es
appr
ofon
dies
(DEA
)M
aitri
se1
51
11
Firs
t yea
r of a
3 y
ear p
rogr
am
invo
lvin
g a
high
deg
ree
of
spec
ializ
atio
n af
ter t
rain
ing
in
rese
arch
E
FR13
Doc
teur
en
chiru
gie
dent
aire
, doc
teur
en
phar
mac
ie, d
octe
ur e
n m
edec
ine
Bacc
alau
reat
or e
quiv
alen
t5
to 8
5 to
81
1
Den
tistry
(5yr
s), p
harm
acy
(6yr
s), v
eter
inar
y m
edic
ine
(6yr
s), m
edic
ine
(8yr
s)
1
Awar
ded
at th
e en
d of
pro
fess
iona
l tra
inin
g an
d th
e su
bmis
sion
of a
th
ese
de d
octo
rat d
'exe
rcis
e de
la
prof
essi
on
C
FR14
Cer
tific
ats
d'et
udes
sp
ecia
lisee
s (C
ES)
Doc
teur
en
chiru
gie
dent
aire
, D
octe
ur e
n ph
arm
acie
16
or 7
11
Den
tistry
and
pha
rmac
yPo
stgr
adua
te s
peci
aliz
ed tr
aini
ngE
FR15
Dip
lom
e d'
etud
es
spec
ialis
ees
(DES
)D
octe
ur e
n m
edec
ine
19
11
Med
icin
ePo
stgr
adua
te s
peci
aliz
ed tr
aini
ngE
P/T
= pa
rt-tim
e1
= Ye
s
R12
Cat
egor
ies
A=N
on-u
nive
rsity
, ter
tiary
B=1s
t uni
vers
ity s
hort
(<=4
)C
=1st
uni
vers
ity lo
ng (>
4)D
=2nd
uni
vers
ity d
egre
eE=
Adva
nced
rese
arch
qua
lific
atio
nN
=Not
incl
uded
Uni
vers
ity a
nd n
on-u
nive
rsity
hig
her e
duca
tion
degr
ees
awar
ded
in s
elec
ted
coun
tries
[Pag
e]
FR16
Doc
tora
tD
iplo
me
d'et
udes
app
rofo
ndie
s (D
EA)
39
14t
h1
1Aw
arde
d af
ter t
he s
ubm
issi
on o
f a
thes
is b
ased
on
orig
inal
rese
arch
E
Nat
iona
l de
gree
/qua
lific
atio
n st
ruct
ure
Req
uire
men
tsIN
EAG
:
Deg
ree
or q
ualif
icat
ion
Entry
requ
irem
ent
Dur
atio
nC
umul
ativ
e du
ratio
nP/
TEq
uiva
lent
to a
un
iver
sity
de
gree
Inte
r-m
edia
te1s
t 2n
d3r
dFi
elds
of s
tudy
(if s
peci
fic
to d
egre
e)Ad
vanc
ed
rese
arch
D
isse
r-ta
tion
Pub-
lishe
d w
ork
Not
esR
12 c
ate-
gorie
s (s
ee
belo
w)
Verif
ied
by
coun
try
FR17
Hab
ilitat
ion
a di
riger
des
re
cher
ches
Doc
tora
t3
121
5th
11
Dip
lom
a aw
arde
d to
doc
tora
t ho
lder
s w
ho h
ave
prov
ed th
eir
abilit
y to
car
ry o
ut o
rigin
al re
sear
ch
of a
hig
h or
der a
nd to
sup
ervi
se
youn
g re
sear
cher
s
N
GER
MA
NY
1
GE1
Mei
ster
/tech
nike
r, qu
alifi
catio
n of
trad
e an
d te
chni
cal s
choo
ls
Succ
essf
ul c
ompl
etio
n of
vo
catio
nal u
pper
sec
onda
ry
(dua
l sys
tem
)1
to 4
1 to
41
Mos
t pro
gram
s re
quire
prio
r wor
k ex
perie
nce.
3 a
nd 4
yea
r pr
o gra
ms
are
mai
nly
part-
time
A
GE2
Qua
lific
atio
n of
spe
cial
ized
ac
adem
ies
Rea
lsch
ulab
shlu
ss2
2
Mai
nly
kind
erga
rten
teac
hing
, bus
ines
s ad
min
istra
tion,
lang
uage
tra
nsla
tion
only
in B
avar
iaA
GE3
Qua
lific
atio
n of
voc
atio
nal
acad
emie
sH
ochs
chul
reife
33
Onl
y in
low
er S
axon
y an
d Sc
hles
wi g
hols
tein
A
GE4
Qua
lific
atio
ns o
f hea
lth
scho
ols
Com
plet
ion
of lo
wer
sec
onda
ry
gene
ral +
prio
r voc
atio
nal
expe
rienc
e +
min
imum
age
18
1 to
31
to 3
Non
-aca
dem
ic m
edic
al
train
ing
Dur
atio
n va
ries
by s
peci
aliz
atio
n: 1
ye
ar: a
uxilla
ry m
edic
al p
rofe
ssio
ns;
2 ye
ars:
med
ical
ass
ista
nts;
3
year
s: n
urse
s
A
GE5
Dip
lom
(Fac
hhoc
hsch
ulen
)Fa
chho
chsc
hulre
ife4
to 5
4 to
51
1C
GE6
Dip
lom
(uni
vers
ity) &
si
mila
r deg
rees
Hoc
hsch
ulre
ife5
to 7
5 to
71
1In
clud
es M
agis
ter,
Staa
tspr
ufun
g,
Kuns
tleris
cher
Abs
chlu
ss,
Kirc
hlic
her A
bsch
luss
C
GE7
Lehr
amts
pruf
ung
Hoc
hsch
ulre
ife5
to 7
5 to
71
1Fi
eld
of s
tudy
dep
ends
on
subj
ects
cho
sen
for
teac
hing
Teac
hing
qua
lifac
tion,
deg
ree
for
teac
hers
C
GE8
Prom
otio
nFi
rst u
nive
rsity
deg
ree
2 to
37
to 1
01
11
E
ITA
LY IT1
Dip
lom
a un
iver
sata
rio
(Lau
rea
brev
e)M
atur
ita2
to 3
2 to
31
1Ec
onom
ics,
che
mis
try,
engi
neer
ing,
med
icin
e1
B
IT2
Lice
nza
acca
dem
ia d
i be
lle a
rtiM
atur
ita4
41
Fine
arts
11
A
IT3
Dip
lom
a di
Lau
rea
Mat
urita
44
11
Arts
, law
, pol
itica
l sci
ence
, bi
olog
y, p
hilo
soph
y, a
nd
mos
t oth
er c
ours
es1
1B
IT4
Dip
lom
a di
Lau
rea
Mat
urita
55
11
Agric
ultu
re, a
rchi
tect
ure,
ch
emis
try, d
entis
try,
engi
neer
ing,
psy
chol
ogy,
ve
terin
ary
med
icin
e
1C
IT5
Dip
lom
a di
Lau
rea
Mat
urita
66
11
Med
icin
e1
CIT
6D
iplo
ma
di s
peci
alis
taLa
urea
2 to
56
to 1
11
11
DIT
7D
otto
rato
di r
icer
caLa
urea
37
to 1
41
11
1E
JAPA
N1
JA1
Jung
akus
hi (a
ssoc
iate
)U
pper
sec
onda
ry2
to 3
2 to
3A
JA2
Gak
ushi
(bac
helo
r)U
pper
sec
onda
ry4
41
11
B
P/T
= pa
rt-tim
e1
= Ye
s
R12
Cat
egor
ies
A=N
on-u
nive
rsity
, ter
tiary
B=1s
t uni
vers
ity s
hort
(<=4
)C
=1st
uni
vers
ity lo
ng (>
4)D
=2nd
uni
vers
ity d
egre
eE=
Adva
nced
rese
arch
qua
lific
atio
nN
=Not
incl
uded
Uni
vers
ity a
nd n
on-u
nive
rsity
hig
her e
duca
tion
degr
ees
awar
ded
in s
elec
ted
coun
tries
[Pag
e]
JA3
Gak
ushi
(bac
helo
r--
med
icin
e, v
eter
inar
y m
edic
ine,
and
den
tistry
)U
pper
sec
onda
ry6
61
1M
edic
ine,
vet
erin
ary
med
icin
e, a
nd d
entis
try1
C
Nat
iona
l de
gree
/qua
lific
atio
n st
ruct
ure
Req
uire
men
tsIN
EAG
:
Deg
ree
or q
ualif
icat
ion
Entry
requ
irem
ent
Dur
atio
nC
umul
ativ
e du
ratio
nP/
TEq
uiva
lent
to a
un
iver
sity
de
gree
Inte
r-m
edia
te1s
t 2n
d3r
dFi
elds
of s
tudy
(if s
peci
fic
to d
egre
e)Ad
vanc
ed
rese
arch
D
isse
r-ta
tion
Pub-
lishe
d w
ork
Not
esR
12 c
ate-
gorie
s (s
ee
belo
w)
Verif
ied
by
coun
try
JA4
Shus
hi (m
aste
r)G
akus
hi (b
ache
lor)
26
11
1D
JA5
Hak
ushi
(doc
tor)
Shus
hi (m
aste
r)3
91
11
1E
RU
SSIA
N F
EDER
ATI
ON
RU
1D
iplo
ma
of in
com
plet
e hi
gh11
yea
rs s
econ
dary
sch
ool o
r 12
yea
rs o
f sec
onda
ry-
prof
essi
onal
edu
catio
n2
2?
Awar
ded
to s
tude
nts
who
di
scon
tinue
thei
r stu
dies
afte
r tw
o ye
ars
RU
2Sp
ecia
list's
cer
tific
ate
11 y
ears
sec
onda
ry s
choo
l or
12 y
ears
of s
econ
dary
-pr
ofes
sion
al e
duca
tion
44
11
Gen
eral
(hum
aniti
es, a
nd
natu
ral s
cien
ces)
as
wel
l as
pro
fess
iona
l cou
rses
Upo
n co
mpl
etio
n of
the
cour
se, t
he
stud
ent i
s gr
ante
d th
e tit
le o
f sp
ecia
list i
n a
give
n sp
ecia
lty
RU
3Ba
chel
or's
deg
ree
44
11
Gen
eral
hum
aniti
es,
fund
amen
tal n
atur
al
scie
nces
and
pr
ofes
sion
ally
orie
nted
tra
inin
g in
fiel
ds c
over
ing
a w
ide
rang
e of
sci
entif
ic,
tech
nolo
gica
l and
cul
ural
ar
eas
RU
4Sp
ecia
list e
xten
ded-
educ
atSp
ecia
list's
cer
tific
ate
15
11
RU
5M
aste
r's d
egre
eBa
chel
or's
de g
ree
26
11
RU
6In
tem
atur
aBa
chel
or's
deg
ree
in m
edic
ine
17
11
Med
ical
spe
cial
ty
RU
7Ka
ndita
t nau
kM
aste
r's d
egre
e3
91
11
Req
uire
s pu
blic
def
ense
of a
n in
depe
nden
tly e
labo
rate
d th
esis
an
d by
fina
l exm
aina
tions
RU
8D
okto
r nau
kKa
ndita
t nau
k3
121
4th
1
Req
uire
s de
fens
e of
thes
is o
fferin
g ne
w s
olut
ions
to a
maj
or
scie
ntifi
c/ac
adem
ic p
robl
em w
hich
is
of s
ubst
antia
l im
porta
nce
to th
e gi
ven
field
or d
isci
plin
e
SPA
IN1
SP1
Tech
nico
sup
erio
rBa
chille
rato
22
Form
acio
n pr
ofes
iona
l y
arte
s pl
astic
as y
dis
eno
A
SP2
Dip
lom
ado
Bach
illera
to o
r for
mac
ion
prof
esio
nal
33
11
Hum
anid
ades
, soc
. y,
jurid
cc.
exp
er.,
cc. s
alud
Orie
ntac
ion
prof
esio
nal
B
SP3
Arqu
itect
os te
chni
co,
inge
nier
os te
chni
coBa
chille
rato
or f
orm
acio
n pr
ofes
iona
l 3
31
1Ar
chite
ctur
e, e
ngin
eerin
gO
rient
acio
n pr
ofes
iona
lB
SP4
Prim
er c
iclo
de
lece
ncia
tura
, ing
enie
ria y
ar
chite
ctur
a
Bach
illera
to o
r for
mac
ion
prof
esio
nal
2 or
32
or 3
11
Hum
anid
ades
, soc
. y,
jurid
cc.
exp
er.,
cc. s
alud
, in
gene
ria, a
rqui
tect
ura
Orie
ntac
ion
acad
emia
. Pr
opor
cian
a un
a ce
rtific
acio
n qu
e lie
ne u
n re
conc
imie
nto
prof
esio
nal
equi
vale
nte
al d
iplo
mad
o, e
n lo
s co
ncur
sos
del a
dmon
pub
lica
N
SP5
Lice
ncia
do e
inge
nier
oFi
rst c
ycle
of l
aw, f
irst c
ycle
of
engi
neer
ing,
or t
echn
ical
en
gine
erin
g de
gree
2 or
34
or 5
11
Hum
anid
ades
, soc
. y,
jurid
cc.
exp
er.,
cc. s
alud
, in
gene
riaC
SP6
Arqu
itect
oFi
rst c
ycle
of a
rchi
tect
ure
2 or
35
11
Arch
itect
ure
C
P/T
= pa
rt-tim
e1
= Ye
s
R12
Cat
egor
ies
A=N
on-u
nive
rsity
, ter
tiary
B=1s
t uni
vers
ity s
hort
(<=4
)C
=1st
uni
vers
ity lo
ng (>
4)D
=2nd
uni
vers
ity d
egre
eE=
Adva
nced
rese
arch
qua
lific
atio
nN
=Not
incl
uded
Uni
vers
ity a
nd n
on-u
nive
rsity
hig
her e
duca
tion
degr
ees
awar
ded
in s
elec
ted
coun
tries
[Pag
e]SP
7Li
cenc
iado
med
icin
aFi
rst c
ycle
of m
edic
ine
36
11
Med
icin
eC
Nat
iona
l de
gree
/qua
lific
atio
n st
ruct
ure
Req
uire
men
tsIN
EAG
:
Deg
ree
or q
ualif
icat
ion
Entry
requ
irem
ent
Dur
atio
nC
umul
ativ
e du
ratio
nP/
TEq
uiva
lent
to a
un
iver
sity
de
gree
Inte
r-m
edia
te1s
t 2n
d3r
dFi
elds
of s
tudy
(if s
peci
fic
to d
egre
e)Ad
vanc
ed
rese
arch
D
isse
r-ta
tion
Pub-
lishe
d w
ork
Not
esR
12 c
ate-
gorie
s (s
ee
belo
w)
Verif
ied
by
coun
try
SP8
Doc
tora
doLa
w, a
rchi
tect
ure,
eng
inee
ring,
or
uni
vers
ity p
rogr
ams
last
ing
mor
e th
an 4
yea
rs2
6,7,
81
1
Engi
neer
ing,
phy
sics
&
chem
istry
, mat
hem
atic
s,
com
mer
cial
and
eco
nom
ic
scie
nces
11
La q
ualif
icat
ion
de d
octo
rado
est
ex
igee
, au
pers
onne
l ens
igna
nt
titul
aire
d'u
n co
ntra
t sta
ble.
E
SP9
Post
gra
do y
Mas
ter
Law
, arc
hite
ctur
e, e
ngin
eerin
g1
or 2
6 or
71
N
SP10
Espe
cial
idad
es S
anita
rias
Law
, med
icin
e, p
harm
acy,
ch
emis
try, b
iolo
gy, o
r ps
chol
o gy
3 or
48
to 1
01
N
SWED
EN1
SW1
Hog
skol
eexa
men
(d
iplo
ma)
12 y
ears
sec
onda
ry-s
choo
l le
avin
g ce
rtific
ate
or b
e 15
ye
ars
of a
ge a
nd h
ave
four
ye
ars
of p
rofe
ssio
nal
expe
rienc
e an
d a
good
read
ing
know
ledg
e of
Eng
lish
2 to
2.5
2 to
2.5
Som
e, s
ee
note
1
Som
e pr
ogra
ms
long
er th
an th
ree
year
s ar
e cl
assi
fied
as C
/D.
The
two-
year
eng
inee
ring
prog
ram
can
be
inte
rmed
iate
(tho
ugh
this
is
infre
quen
t) an
d co
ntin
ued
to a
civ
il en
gine
erin
g de
gree
.
A/B
/C/D
SW2
Kand
idat
exam
en
(bac
helo
r's d
egre
e)
13 y
ears
, sec
onda
ry-s
choo
l le
avin
g ce
rtific
ate
or b
e 25
ye
ars
of a
ge a
nd h
ave
4 ye
ars
of p
rofe
ssio
nal e
xper
ienc
e an
d a
good
read
ing
know
ledg
e of
En
glis
h
3 to
3.5
3 to
3.5
11
B
SW3
Mag
iste
rexa
men
(mas
ter's
de
gree
)
13 y
ears
, sec
onda
ry-s
choo
l le
avin
g ce
rtific
ate
or b
e 25
ye
ars
of a
ge a
nd h
ave
4 ye
ars
of p
rofe
ssio
nal e
xper
ienc
e an
d a
good
read
ing
know
ledg
e of
En
glis
h
4 to
5.5
4 to
5.5
11
Cou
nted
as
cate
gory
D if
ear
ned
afte
r a fi
rst u
nive
rsity
deg
ree
C/D
SW4
Yrke
sexa
men
(p
rofe
ssio
nal d
egre
es)
13 y
ears
, sec
onda
ry-s
choo
l le
avin
g ce
rtific
ate
or b
e 25
ye
ars
of a
ge a
nd h
ave
4 ye
ars
of p
rofe
ssio
nal e
xper
ienc
e an
d a
good
read
ing
know
ledg
e of
En
glis
h
1 to
5.5
1 to
5.5
Som
e, s
ee
note
1A
/B/C
/D
SW5
Lice
ncia
texa
men
Deg
ree
of a
t lea
st 3
yea
rs
dura
tion
2 to
2.5
5 to
5.5
11
11
1
All d
egre
es a
re re
porte
d as
ca
tego
ry E
thou
gh p
erso
ns w
ho
earn
a D
octo
r's d
egre
e af
ters
a
Lice
ntia
te d
egre
e w
ill no
t be
doub
le c
ount
ed
E
SW6
Dok
tors
exam
enD
egre
e of
at l
east
3 y
ears
du
ratio
n4
71
11
11
E
SWIT
ZER
LAN
D1
CH
1Fa
chau
swei
s//B
reve
t (ou
ce
rtific
at e
quiv
alen
t)
13 a
ns; C
ertif
icat
de
capa
cite
(C
ITE
3); s
ever
al y
ears
of
prof
essi
onal
exp
erie
nce
1a 3
1 a
3
Sont
freq
uent
s: e
tude
s en
cou
rs
d'em
ploi
et s
truct
ures
mod
ulai
res
des
etud
es; e
xam
ens
orga
nise
s pa
r des
ass
ocia
tions
pr
ofes
sion
nelle
s; ti
tres
reco
nnus
pa
r la
Con
fede
ratio
n.
A
P/T
= pa
rt-tim
e1
= Ye
s
R12
Cat
egor
ies
A=N
on-u
nive
rsity
, ter
tiary
B=1s
t uni
vers
ity s
hort
(<=4
)C
=1st
uni
vers
ity lo
ng (>
4)D
=2nd
uni
vers
ity d
egre
eE=
Adva
nced
rese
arch
qua
lific
atio
nN
=Not
incl
uded
Uni
vers
ity a
nd n
on-u
nive
rsity
hig
her e
duca
tion
degr
ees
awar
ded
in s
elec
ted
coun
tries
[Pag
e]
Nat
iona
l de
gree
/qua
lific
atio
n st
ruct
ure
Req
uire
men
tsIN
EAG
:
Deg
ree
or q
ualif
icat
ion
Entry
requ
irem
ent
Dur
atio
nC
umul
ativ
e du
ratio
nP/
TEq
uiva
lent
to a
un
iver
sity
de
gree
Inte
r-m
edia
te1s
t 2n
d3r
dFi
elds
of s
tudy
(if s
peci
fic
to d
egre
e)Ad
vanc
ed
rese
arch
D
isse
r-ta
tion
Pub-
lishe
d w
ork
Not
esR
12 c
ate-
gorie
s (s
ee
belo
w)
Verif
ied
by
coun
try
CH
2Fa
chdi
plom
/mei
ster
//dip
lom
e/m
aitre
(or e
quiv
alen
t ce
rtific
ate)
13 y
ears
; Cer
tific
at d
e ca
paci
te
(CIT
E 3)
or B
reve
t (C
ITE
5);
seve
ral y
ears
of p
rofe
ssio
nal
expe
rienc
e.
1 to
31
to 4
Sont
freq
uent
s: e
tude
s en
cou
rs
d'em
ploi
et s
truct
ures
mod
ulai
res
des
etud
es; e
xam
ens
orga
nise
s pa
r des
ass
ocia
tions
pr
ofes
sion
nelle
s; ti
tres
reco
nnus
pa
r la
Con
fede
ratio
n.
A
CH
3Te
chni
kerT
S/di
plom
FS/
/ te
chni
cien
ET
or
equi
vale
nt
13 y
ears
; C
ertif
icat
de
capa
cite
(C
ITE
3) o
r atte
stat
ion
equi
vale
nt2
to 3
2 to
3ET
= E
cole
tech
niqu
eA
CH
4
Dip
lom
hoh
ere
fach
schu
len/
inge
nier
-sc
hule
/dip
lom
e ec
ole
supe
rieur
e/ec
ole
tech
niqu
e su
perie
ure
13 y
ears
; C
ertif
icat
de
capa
cite
(C
ITE
3) o
r Mat
urite
pr
ofes
sion
nelle
ou
atte
stat
ion
equi
vale
nt
3 to
43
to 4
Des
199
7, c
erta
ines
Eco
les
supe
rieur
es s
eron
t tra
nsfro
mee
s en
Hau
tes
ecol
es s
peci
alis
ees.
Pl
usie
urs
dipl
omes
pos
t-gra
de.
A
CH
5D
iplo
m
fach
schu
len/
dipl
ome
haut
e ec
ole
spec
ialis
ee
13 y
ears
, mat
urite
pr
ofes
sion
nelle
or m
atur
ite +
st
age
prof
essi
onne
l3
to 4
3 to
41
1
Prem
iere
s fo
ndat
ions
de
Hau
tes
ecol
es s
peci
alis
ees
en 1
997;
pr
emie
rs d
iplo
mes
ser
ont d
eliv
res
en 2
000.
N (B
)
CH
6
Lize
ntia
t un
iver
sita
t/sta
atse
xam
en
(med
ezin
)/dip
lom
ho
chsc
hule
/lice
nse
univ
ersi
te/d
iplo
me
fede
ral
(med
cine
)/dip
lom
hau
te
ecol
e
13 y
ears
, mat
urite
4 to
6 o
r 74
to 6
or 7
11
1
1) P
our l
a lic
ense
et l
e di
plom
e, u
n tra
vail
scie
ntifi
que
est r
equi
s de
50
a 20
0 pa
ges.
Plu
sieu
rs d
eplo
mes
po
st-g
rade
.
C
CH
7D
okto
rat/d
octo
rat
Lice
nse
univ
ersi
te, d
iplo
me
haut
e ec
ole,
dip
lom
e fe
dera
l (m
edec
ine)
1 to
55
to 1
11
11
11
E
UN
ITED
KIN
GD
OM
1
UK1
Hig
her n
atio
nal c
ertif
icat
e13
yea
rs, g
ener
al c
ertif
icat
e of
ed
ucat
ion
11
Tech
nica
l sub
ject
sA
UK2
Hig
her n
atio
nal d
iplo
ma
13 y
ears
, gen
eral
cer
tific
ate
of
educ
atio
n2
2Te
chni
cal s
ubje
cts
A
UK3
Nat
iona
l voc
atio
nal
qual
ifica
tion-
leve
l 413
yea
rs, g
ener
al c
ertif
icat
e of
ed
ucat
ion
Varia
ble
Varia
ble
1So
me
Tech
nica
l sub
ject
sC
onsi
dere
d of
equ
ival
ent s
tand
ard
to s
econ
dary
/hig
her d
egre
e qu
alifi
catio
nsN
UK4
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e13
yea
rs, g
ener
al c
ertif
icat
e of
ed
ucat
ion
3 (m
ost
ofte
n) o
r 43
11
An h
onor
s de
gree
is a
t a h
ighe
r le
vel t
han
an o
rdin
ary
or p
ass
degr
ee.
May
incl
ude
a sa
ndw
ich
cour
se w
hich
inco
rpor
ates
per
iods
of
indu
stria
l tra
inin
g or
pro
fess
iona
l ex
perie
nce
outs
ide
the
univ
ersi
ty
B
UK5
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e (M
B,
BDS,
BV,
etc
.)13
yea
rs, g
ener
al c
ertif
icat
e of
ed
ucat
ion
5 to
75
to 7
11
Med
icin
e, v
eter
inar
y m
edic
ine,
and
den
tistry
B (s
houl
d be
C
)
UK6
Nat
iona
l voc
atio
nal
qual
ifica
tion-
leve
l 513
yea
rs, g
ener
al c
ertif
icat
e of
ed
ucat
ion
Varia
ble
Varia
ble
11
Tech
nica
l sub
ject
sC
onsi
dere
d of
equ
ival
ent s
tand
ard
to s
ub-d
egre
e an
d fir
st d
egre
e qu
alifi
catio
nsN
UK7
Post
grad
uate
dip
lom
as
and
certi
ficat
es (e
.g.,
Dip
SW, P
DA
(Sco
tland
on
l y))
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e1
41
11
D
P/T
= pa
rt-tim
e1
= Ye
s
R12
Cat
egor
ies
A=N
on-u
nive
rsity
, ter
tiary
B=1s
t uni
vers
ity s
hort
(<=4
)C
=1st
uni
vers
ity lo
ng (>
4)D
=2nd
uni
vers
ity d
egre
eE=
Adva
nced
rese
arch
qua
lific
atio
nN
=Not
incl
uded
Uni
vers
ity a
nd n
on-u
nive
rsity
hig
her e
duca
tion
degr
ees
awar
ded
in s
elec
ted
coun
tries
[Pag
e]
Nat
iona
l de
gree
/qua
lific
atio
n st
ruct
ure
Req
uire
men
tsIN
EAG
:
Deg
ree
or q
ualif
icat
ion
Entry
requ
irem
ent
Dur
atio
nC
umul
ativ
e du
ratio
nP/
TEq
uiva
lent
to a
un
iver
sity
de
gree
Inte
r-m
edia
te1s
t 2n
d3r
dFi
elds
of s
tudy
(if s
peci
fic
to d
egre
e)Ad
vanc
ed
rese
arch
D
isse
r-ta
tion
Pub-
lishe
d w
ork
Not
esR
12 c
ate-
gorie
s (s
ee
belo
w)
Verif
ied
by
coun
try
UK8
Man
y pr
ofes
sion
al
qual
ifica
tions
in v
ario
us
field
s Ba
chel
or's
deg
ree
1 to
34
to 6
11
1
e.g.
, acc
ount
ing,
law
, au
dit,
arch
itect
ure
(CIM
A,
artic
les,
arc
hite
ctur
e Pa
rt III
)
Trai
ning
take
s pl
ace
on th
e jo
b, b
ut
certi
ficat
ion
usua
lly in
volv
es ta
king
an
exa
min
atio
n an
d ce
rific
atio
n th
roug
h a
prof
essi
onal
bod
y. O
nly
qual
ifica
tions
ear
ned
at
educ
atio
nal i
nstit
utio
ns a
re
incl
uded
in U
OE
D o
r Not
In
clud
ed
UK9
Mas
ter's
deg
ree
(taug
ht,
e.g.
, MA,
MSc
, MBA
)Ba
chel
or's
deg
ree
(hon
ors)
1 to
2
4 to
51
11
Awar
d ba
sed
on a
writ
ten
exam
inat
ion
requ
ires
a m
emoi
r or
shor
t the
sis
D
UK1
0M
aste
r's d
egre
e (re
sear
ch,
e.g.
, Mph
il)Ba
chel
or's
deg
ree
(hon
ors)
1 to
2
4 to
51
11
1Aw
ard
base
d on
rese
arch
and
pr
esen
tatio
n of
a th
esis
D, b
ut s
houl
d be
E
UK1
1D
octo
rate
of p
hilo
soph
y (P
hD)
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e (h
onor
s)4
7 to
91
11
1E
UN
ITED
STA
TES
1
US1
Post
seco
ndar
y aw
ards
, ce
rtific
ates
, and
dip
lom
as
Typi
cally
12
year
s, h
igh
scho
ol
dipl
oma
or e
quiv
alen
t (no
t al
way
s re
quire
d)1
to 4
1 to
4C
ertif
icat
e is
usu
ally
a fi
nal
qual
ifica
tion
for t
echn
icia
nsA
US2
Asso
ciat
e of
arts
(A.A
.) or
As
soci
ate
of s
cien
ce (A
.S.)
degr
ee
Typi
cally
12
year
s, h
igh
scho
ol
dipl
oma
or e
quiv
alen
t (no
t al
way
s re
quire
d)2
21
Poss
ible
to re
ceiv
e cr
edit
for f
irst 2
ye
ars
of a
bac
helo
r pro
gram
A
US3
Bach
elor
of a
rts (B
.A.)
or
Bach
elor
of s
cien
ce (B
.S.)
degr
ee
12 y
ears
, hig
h sc
hool
dip
lom
a or
equ
ival
ent
44
11
Two
com
pone
nts:
gen
eral
ed
ucat
ion
(hum
aniti
es, s
ocia
l sc
ienc
es, a
pplie
d or
nat
ural
sc
ienc
es a
nd fi
ne a
rts) a
nd a
n ar
ea o
f spe
cial
izat
ion
or m
ajor
B
US4
Post
grad
uate
cer
tific
ates
(e
.g.,
teac
hing
cre
dent
ial)
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e1
51
1N
US5
Mas
ter o
f arts
, sci
ence
, fin
e ar
ts, e
tc. (
M.A
., M
.S.,
M.F
.A.)
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e1
to 2
5 to
61
1Li
bera
l arts
and
sci
ence
s1
Dur
atio
n va
ries
by fi
eld
and
inst
itutio
nD
US6
Mas
ter o
f bus
ines
s ad
min
istra
tion,
pub
lic
adm
inis
tratio
n, p
ublic
he
alth
, etc
.)
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e1
to 2
5 to
61
1
Busi
ness
adm
inis
tratio
n,
publ
ic a
dmin
stra
tion,
pu
blic
hea
lth, e
duca
tion,
fin
e ar
ts, s
ocia
l wor
k
Awar
ded
for t
he c
ompl
etio
n of
a
prof
essi
onal
ly o
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ed p
rogr
amD
US7
Firs
t pro
fess
iona
l deg
rees
: ju
ris d
octo
rate
(J.D
.- La
w),
phar
m. d
. (Ph
arm
acy)
, m
aste
r of d
ivin
ity d
egre
e
Bach
elor
's d
egre
e3
71
1
Sign
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bot
h co
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n of
the
acad
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requ
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begi
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actic
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a g
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at
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D
US8
Firs
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iona
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ctor
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edic
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doct
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US9
Doc
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11
11
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