table of contents - medicine meets virtual reality |...

iNextMed / MMVR20

Schedule At-a-Glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . back coverHotel Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . inside back coverOrganizing Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1Featured Speakers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3Conference Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Welcome . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Mission Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Course Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Target Audience . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Poster Judging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Satava Award . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Organizer Contact Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Activity Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Wednesday MorningCalit2 Tour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Wednesday Afternoon Track A: The Advanced Developer Frontier * / Open Source Surgical Simulation System: Goals, Plans, and Design to Date * . . . 11Track B: Introduction to Serious Games, and (Virtual) Simulation for Health Professions Education * /

Reshaping Electronics for the Human Body: Opportunities in Wearable and Interventional Medical Devices * . . . . . . . 11Wednesday Evening

Innovate NextMed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Thursday Morning Plenary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Thursday Afternoon

Track A: Information-Guided Therapies / Visualization / Robotics / Modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Track B: Learning & Technology / Simulation Design / Haptics / Skills Assessment / Simulation Validation . . . . . . . . . 13Track C: Plasma Medicine / TATRC Scientific Update and Opportunity Panel * / How to Achieve Your

Three-Dimensional Vision When Surrounded by Two-Dimensional People * / STRIVE: A Virtual Reality Game-Based Approach to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-based Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Prophylaxis * . . . . . 14

Thursday Evening B4B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Friday Morning Plenary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Friday Afternoon

Track A: Rehabilitation Tools / Psychology & Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Track B: Surgical Simulation Metrics / Surgical Simulation Validation / Surgical Simulators: Have They Lived Up to

the Hype? Current Status and Future Direction * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Track C: Physics-Based Medical Simulation with Haptic Rendering using SOFA and H3D * /

Microcontrollers and Medical Simulation * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Friday Evening

20th Anniversary Banquet Dinner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Saturday Morning Plenary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Poster Presentations Thursday Posters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Learning & Technology / Simulation Design / Simulation Validation / Information-Guided Therapies / Visualization / Plasma Medicine / U Nebraska Projects (1)

Friday Posters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Surgical Simulation Design / Surgical Simulation Metrics / Modeling / Haptics / Psychology & Technology / Rehabilitation Tools / U Nebraska Projects (2)

ExhibitsExhibit Hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Exhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Independently Organized Adjunct Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Presentation Summaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Presenter Contact Info . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77Presenter Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Table of Contents

* Independently Organized Adjunct Activities

Michael J. Ackerman PhD*Office of High Performance Computing &Communications, National Library of Medicine

Kóan Jeff Baysa MD SENSEight, New York & Los Angeles

Steve Charles MD*MicroDexterity Systems; University of Tennessee

Patrick C. Cregan FRACS Nepean Hospital, Sydney West Area Health Service

Li Felländer-Tsai MD PhD*Clinical Science, Intervention, and TechnologyKarolinska Institute

Cali M. Fidopiastis PhD*School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Henry Fuchs PhD Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina

Walter J. Greenleaf PhDGreenleaf Medical Systems

Randy S. Haluck MD FACS*Department of Surgery, Penn State College of Medicine

David M. Hananel*SimPORTAL/CREST, University of Minnesota

Wm. LeRoy Heinrichs MD PhD*Stanford University School of Medicine &Innovation in Learning, Inc.

Pierre Jannin PhD*MediCIS U1099 LTSI,Inserm, Université de Rennes 1

Kanav Kahol PhDDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University

Mounir Laroussi PhD*Laser & Plasma Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University

Heinz U. Lemke PhD Institute for Technical Informatics, Technical University Berlin

Alan Liu PhD*National Capital Area Medical Simulation Center, Uniformed Services University

Bertalan Meskó MD*Medical School & Health Science Center,University of Debrecen

Greg T. Mogel MDKaiser Permanente

Adrianne Noe PhD National Museum of Health & Medicine;

Makoto Nonaka MD PhD*Foundation for International Scientific Advancement (FISA) &La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology (LIAI)

Organizing Committee

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*Member, Review Committee

Organizing Committee

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Carla M. Pugh MD PhD*School of Medicine and Public Health,University of Wisconsin - Madison

Giuseppe Riva PhD*Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab, Istituto Auxologico Italiano & Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore di Milano

Albert A. Rizzo PhD*Inst for Creative Technologies &Dept of Psychiatry, School of Gerontology,University of Southern California

Richard A. Robb PhD*Biomedical Imaging Research LaboratoryMayo Clinic College of Medicine

Jannick P. Rolland PhD*The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester; ODA Lab, University of Central Florida

Ganesh Sankaranarayanan PhD*Dept of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear EngineeringRensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Anand P. Santhanam PhD*Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles

Richard M. Satava MD FACS Department of Surgery, University of Washington

Steven Senger PhD*Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin - La Crosse

Ramin Shahidi PhD*California Institute of Computer-Assisted Surgery (CICAS)Stanford University School of Medicine

Yunhe Shen PhD*Center for Research in Education and Simulation Technologies, University of Minnesota Medical School

Thomas Sangild Sørensen PhD*Dept of Computer Science & Inst of Clinical Medicine, University of Aarhus, Denmark

Don StredneyInterface Laboratory, OSC

Julie A. Swain MD*Div of Cardiovascular and Respiratory DevicesU.S. Food and Drug Administration

Robert M. Sweet MD*Urologic Surgery & Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota

Kirby G. Vosburgh PhD*Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School

Dave Warner MD PhD MindTel LLC; Inst for Interventional Informatics

Brenda K. Wiederhold PhD MBA BCIA*Virtual Reality Medical Institute, Brussels

Mark D. Wiederhold MD PhDVirtual Reality Medical Center, San Diego

Ozlem Yardimci PhD*BioPharma R & D, Praxair, Inc.

*Member, Review Committee

What Comes To Mind: The Artistic Process,Neuroesthetics and The Brain ObservatoryPresenter:

Joyce Cutler-Shaw MFAArtist-in-Residence and Visiting Scholar, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego

Co-Presenter:

Jacopo Annese PhD Assistant Professor of Radiology and Director, The Brain Observatory, University of California, San Diego

Driving Technology Towards Unmet Needs Steven Schwaitzberg MD Chief of Surgery, Cambridge Health Alliance; Associate Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School;Past President, Society of American Gastrointestinal andEndoscopic Surgeon

Introduction to Virtual Prototyping of Medical Devices Arthur Erdman PhD Richard C. Jordan Professor, Morse Alumni DistinguishedTeaching Professor; Director, Medical Devices Center, University of Minnesota

Challenges in Simulation and Designer/3D EnvironmentInterfaces Daniel Keefe PhD McKnight Land-Grant Assistant Professor, Dept of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota

Actual Use of the University of Minnesota Virtual Simula-tion System for Medical Device Development Randy Schiestl PMPVice President, Global Operations and Technology, Engi-neering Services Group, Boston Scientific

Action at a Distance: Improving the Mobile MedicalExperienceBenjamin Kanter MD Chief Medical Information Officer, Palomar Health

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Training David Hadden Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer,TheraSim Inc.

The Future of Scientific Journals: Will Two Centuries ofTradition Yield to the Power of the Internet?John Adler, Jr. MD Editor-in-Chief, Cureus.com; Dorothy & TK Chan Professor ofNeurosurgery, Emeritus, Stanford University School of Medicine;VP, Chief of New Clinical Applications, Varian Medical Systems, Inc.

Surgery, Virtual Reality, and the FutureKirby Vosburgh PhD Associate Director, Advanced Multimodality ImageGuidance Operating Room, Brigham and Women'sHospital; Assistant Professor of Radiology, Harvard Medical School

The Alliance of Surgical Specialties for Educationand Training (ASSET): Multi-Specialty Alliance forCurriculum Development Richard Satava MD Professor Emeritus of Surgery, University of Washington

Engineering the OR of the FutureCarla Pugh MD PhD Vice-Chair for Education and Patient Safety; Clinical Director, UW Health Clinical Simulation Program;School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison

Cold Atmospheric Plasmas in Medical Therapy Julia Zimmermann PhD Project Manager, Plasma Health Care, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics

Deep Self - Quantifying the State of Your Body Larry Smarr PhD Founding Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology;Harry E. Gruber Professor, Dept of Computer Scienceand Engineering, University of California, San Diego

Ultra Perceptual Medicine - Imaging Complex Medical Knowledge through a High ResolutionHyper-Dimensional Medical InfoscopeDave Warner MD PhD Medical Neuroscientist, MindTel LLC

It is Story that can Give a Soul to DataAlexander Tsiaras Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Anatomical Travelogue LLC; Editor-in-Chief and Chief Executive Officer, TheVisualMD.com

Lab-Made 'Natural' Biomaterials for Consumption Gabor Gabor Forgacs PhD Scientific Founder, Organovo and Modern Meadow;George H. Vineyard Professor of Biological Physics,University of Missouri; Executive and Scientific Director,Shipley Center for Innovation, Clarkson University

3NextMed / MMVR20

Featured SpeakersTHURSDAY

SATURDAY

FRIDAY

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NextMedMMVR20

ConferenceInformation

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WelcomeWelcome to NextMed/MMVR20, the twentieth gather-ing of "Medicine Meets Virtual Reality" since its incep-tion in June 1992. We celebrate this milestone with aspecial program that offers three plenary sessions, twolunches, two networking activities, offsite tour, banquetdinner, and a broad curriculum of papers, posters,workshops, panels, and demos. In addition, our exhibitshave been reconfigured to promote more interaction.

Please note: • The syllabus addendum insert details last-minute

program changes: don't overlook it! • The Schedule At-a-Glance (back cover) gives

session locations. A hotel map is on inside back cover • The submissions from this year's Call and the

published Proceedings are on the CD supplements.If your computer doesn't have an optical drive, we can provide you the files via flash drive or Internet.

• Wireless Internet is available in the meeting area. Please disengage any continuous cloud-based backup applications so your fellow attendees can enjoy the bandwidth, too.

• Note the schedule for individual demos, an opportunity for conversation with presenters.

San Diego is a world-renowned tourist destination andwe want your stay to be pleasurable as well as educa-tional. The trolley system will take you to many popu-lar attractions, including Old Town, Fashion ValleyMall, and downtown with its waterfront promenadesand Gaslamp Quarter. Although this neighborhood istranquil, there are amenities within walking distance. Ifyou have questions, please ask us or the hotel’sconcierge.

In any case, please visit the registration desk and sayhello. We enjoy meeting participants and learningabout your professional interests, reasons for beinghere, and impressions of the conference.

Mission StatementMMVR/NextMed is organized to be an educational envi-ronment that stimulates communication and collabora-tion among scientists, engineers, physicians, surgeons,educators, students, military, government, and industry.It supports the development and adoption of advancedmedical technologies for medical care and education. Itsgoal is improved precision, efficiency, and outcomes inpatient care, practitioner training, and public health. Itscurriculum, by combining rigorous assessment withspeculative vision, aims to create forward-thinkingsolutions to health problems.

Course ObjectivesPresentations are chosen to educate participants on:

• Simulation advances, supported by haptics andmodeling, that are transforming medical education,procedural training, psychotherapy, rehabilitation,and other areas of healthcare.

• The novel imaging, visualization, and datafusion techniques that are revolutionizingdiagnosis and therapy.

• Robotics and sensors that extend the reach ofhealthcare providers in patient assessmentand treatment.

• Intelligence networks that inform providerdecision-making and foster a collaborativemedical environment.

• Broader goals, accomplishments, and challengesin the development and application of novel devicesand methods for medical care and education.

Target Audience• Physicians, surgeons, and other medical profes-

sionals interested in emerging tools for diagnosisand therapy.

• IT and medical device engineers who create state-of-the-art and next-generation simulation, imaging,robotics, and communication systems.

• Data technologists developing systems for gathering,processing, and distributing medical intelligence.

• Military medicine specialists confronting the needsof warfare and domestic public health.

• Biomedical futurists, investors, and policy-makerswho need to understand where medicine is headed.

• Educators responsible for training the next genera-tion of physicians and scientists.

• Students who are aiming to create the healthcareof the future.

AcknowledgementsWe thank our colleagues on the Organizing Committeefor their continued support, especially those who con-tributed their expertise during last summer's Call for Pre-sentations. We also thank the Proceedings editors fortheir guidance in creating a useful publication. Thanksalso to Dave Warner for his inspiration and motivationas this year's local chair.

We sincerely thank all of you who are presenters in thisyear’s program. The research you share—and all theeffort that goes into it—is what makes this conferenceworthwhile.

Conference Information

continued

8 NextMed / MMVR20

Conference Information

Poster JudgingVote for the best poster presentations! Please completeyour Thursday and Friday ballots and submit them atthe ballot box at the registration desk. Ten winningposters (five each day) will receive a prize.

The Satava AwardThe 18th Satava Award will be presented on Fridaymorning. Established in 1995 to acknowledge the contri-bution of Richard M. Satava MD FACS, the award is pre-sented to an individual or research group demonstratingunique vision and commitment to the improvement ofmedicine through advanced technology. Its priorrecipients are:

Albert "Skip" Rizzo PhD (2012)

Kirby Vosburgh PhD (2011)

Helene Hoffman PhD (2009)

Alan Liu PhD & Mark Bowyer MD (2008)

Naoki Suzuki PhD (2007)

Nigel John PhD (2006)

Brenda Wiederhold PhD MBA(2005)

Steven Dawson MD (2004)

Richard Robb PhD (2003)

SUMMIT, Stanford University (2002)

HIT Lab, University of Washington (2001)

Dave Warner MD PhD (2000)

Faina Shtern MD (1999)

Gerhard Buess MD (1998)

Henry Fuchs PhD (1997)

Victor Spitzer PhD & Michael Ackerman PhD (1996)

Richard Satava MD FACS (1995)

EvaluationWe welcome the input of all participants. Please take afew minutes to write down your reactions to this year’sconference. Your feedback—negative and positive—willhelp us improve the next gathering.

DisclaimerThe information provided at this conference is intendedfor general medical education purposes only. All physi-cians should fully investigate any new product or devicebefore implementing it in their practice. In no event willthe conference organizer, Aligned Management Associ-ates, Inc., assume responsibility for any decision madeor action taken as a result of the information providedthrough this activity.

Organizer Contact InformationNextMed / MMVR c/o Aligned Management Associates, Inc.793-A East Foothill Blvd, PMB #119San Luis Obispo, CA 93405 USAPhone 1-805-534-0300; Fax [email protected]

ActivitySchedule

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WEDNESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 20

8:30 AM - 12:00 Noon

Tour of Calit2 at UC San Diego

Please see activity description on page 33

WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON

TRACK A

1:00 - 5:00 PM

The Advanced Developer Frontier

Organizer:

Thomas B. Talbot US ARMY TATRC; USC Inst for Creative Technologies

Presenters:

Dwight MeglanSimQuest

Eric ForbellUSC Inst for Creative Technologies

Rachel ClippApplied Research Associates

Roger SmithNicholson Center for Surgical Advancement,Florida Hospital

Skip RizzoUSC Inst for Creative Technologies


5:00 - 6:30 PM

Open Source Surgical Simulation System:Goals, Plans, and Design to Date

Organizer & Presenter:

Dwight MeglanSimQuest LLC


WEDNESDAY AFTERNOON

TRACK B

1:00 - 3:00 PM

An Introduction to Serious Games, and(Virtual) Simulation for Health ProfessionsEducation

Organizers:

Bill Kapralos Univ of Ontario Inst of Technology

Adam Dubrowski The Hosp for Sick Children Learning Inst

Faizal Haji The Wilson Centre & The Hosp for SickChildren Learning Inst

Additional presenters:

Brent Cowan Univ of Ontario Inst of Technology

Robert ShewagaUniv of Ontario Inst of Technology


3:00 Break

3:15 - 4:45 PM

Reshaping Electronics for the HumanBody: Opportunities in Wearable andInterventional Medical Devices

Organizers & Presenters:

Kevin DowlingVP, Research & Development, MC10 Inc.

Roozbeh GhaffariDirector, Medical Development, MC10 Inc.


WEDNESDAY EVENING

6:30 – 8:00 PM

Innovate NextMed


Activity Schedule

Activity Schedule

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THURSDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 21

Poster Session

7:30 - 8:30 During the morning poster session, presenters stand with their posters and explain their research to other attendees, while everyone enjoys continental breakfast.Posters remain displayed until the end of the afternoon sessions for casual exploration.

Thursday posters are listed on page 16

Plenary Session

Moderator: Robert Sweet

8:30 Jim Westwood & Karen Morgan Aligned Management Associates, Inc.(Conference Organizer)

Welcome & Introduction

8:45 Kirby Vosburgh...................................................43Brigham & Women’s Hospital; Harvard Medical School

Surgery, Virtual Reality, and the Future

9:15 Richard Satava ..................................................43Dept of Surgery, University of Washington

The Alliance of Surgical Specialties forEducation and Training (ASSET):Multi-Specialty Alliance for CurriculumDevelopment

9:45 Carla Pugh ........................................................43School of Medicine and Public Health,University of Wisconsin - Madison

Engineering the OR of the Future

10:15 Break (Exhibits Open)

Moderator: Michael Ackerman

10:45 Julia Zimmermann.............................................43Plasma Health Care; Max Planck Institute forExtraterrestrial Physics

Cold Atmospheric Plasmas in Medical Therapy

11:15 Larry Smarr ......................................................44California Inst for Telecommunications andInformation Technology (Calit2); Univ ofCalifornia, San Diego

Deep Self—Quantifying the State of Your Body

12:00 Adjourn

12:00 Noon – 1:00 PM LUNCH

Lunch will be served while the exhibit hall isopen for exploration.

THURSDAY AFTERNOON

Track A

Moderator: Ramin Shahidi

1:10 Moderator's Welcome

Information-Guided Therapies

1:15 Pierre Jannin .....................................................44INRIA, INSERM, CNRS, Universite_ de Rennes 1

Surgical Process Modeling: Methods andApplications

1:30 Nazim Haouchine ..............................................44SHACRA Team, INRIA

Physics-based Augmented Reality forHepatic Surgery

1:45 Praneeth Sadda .................................................44Dept of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins Univ

Surgical Navigation with a Head-MountedTracking System and Display

2:00 Cristian Linte ....................................................45Biomedical Imaging Resource, Mayo Clinic

Toward Modeling of Radio-FrequencyAblation Lesions for Image-Guided LeftAtrial Fibrillation Therapy: ModelFormulation and Preliminary Evaluation

2:15 Mohamed Hefny ...............................................45Sch of Computing, Queen's Univ

The Aspherical Human Hip: Implication forEarly Osteoarthritis

2:30 Lueder Kahrs ....................................................45Dept of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt Univ

Virtual Exploration and Comparison ofLinear Mastoid Drilling Trajectories withTrue-Color Volume Rendering and theVisible Ear Dataset

Visualization

2:45 Anand Santhanam ............................................45Dept of Radiation Oncology, Univ of California,Los Angeles

Multi-Scale Multi-Modal Image Integrationfor Image-Guided Clinical Interventions

3:00 Yan-Jen Su .......................................................45Graduate Inst of Networking & Multimedia,National Taiwan Univ

Gradient-Free Visualization with MultipleLight Approximations

3:15 Break

Thursday Morning

13NextMed / MMVR20

Activity Schedule

Moderator: Jannick Rolland

3:30 Angelos Barmpoutis ..........................................45Digital Worlds Inst, Univ of Florida

Automated Human Avatar Synthesis forObesity Control using Low-Cost DepthCameras

3:45 Jedrzej Kowalczuk ............................................46Dept of Electrical Engineering, Univ ofNebraska–Lincoln

Stereoscopic Vision-Based RoboticManipulator Extraction Method forEnhanced Soft Tissue Reconstruction

Robotics

4:00 Naoki Suzuki......................................................46Inst for High Dimensional Medical Imaging, TheJikei Univ Sch of Medicine

Formulation of Wire Control Mechanism forSurgical Robot to Create Virtual RealityEnvironment Aimed at Conducting Surgeryinside the Body

4:15 Ilana Nisky.........................................................46Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford Univ

Kinematic Analysis of Motor Performance inRobot-Assisted Surgery: A PreliminaryStudy

Modeling

4:30 Serban Pop ........................................................46Sch of Computer Science, Bangor Univ

A Directed Particle System for OptimisedVisualization of Blood Flow in ComplexNetworks

4:45 Nobuhiko Mukai.................................................46Tokyo City Univ

Simulation of the Aortic Valve Deformationby Considering Blood Flow Reflection

5:00 Woojin Ahn .......................................................46Ctr for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging inMedicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst

Performance Optimization of Web-BasedMedical Simulation

5:15 Adjourn

THURSDAY AFTERNOON

Track BModerator: Yunhe Shen

1:10 PM Moderator’s welcome

Learning & Technology

1:15 Marc Cavazza ....................................................47Sch of Computing, Teesside Univ

Towards Interactive Narrative Medicine

1:30 Leah Plumley .....................................................47The Univ of Western Ontario

Spatial Ability and Training in VirtualNeuroanatomy

1:45 Jeffrey Cheung .................................................. 47SickKids Learning Inst, The Hosp for Sick Children

The Use of Web-Based Learning forSimulation-Based Training of CentralVenous Catheterization in Novice Learners

2:00 Allen Andrade ....................................................47Bruce W. Carter VAMC; Univ of Miami MillerSch of Medicine

Effects on Performance of Individual versusDyadic Practice during an Avatar-Based Three-Dimensional Virtual Home Safety Simulation

2:15 Marcus Schlickum .............................................47Dept of Clinical Science, Intervention andTechnology, Karolinska Inst

Surgical Novices with No Video Game TrainingExpress More Negative Opinions Towards TwoMinimal Invasive Surgical Simulators, MIST-VRand GI Mentor II, than Novices Attending FiveWeeks of Systematic Video Game Training

Simulation Design

2:30 Mark Ottensmeyer .............................................48Simulation Group, Dept of Imaging,Massachusetts General Hosp

Ocular Trauma Training Simulator: SystemDescription and Initial User Trials

2:45 Xinqing Guo .......................................................48Dept of Information and Computer Sciences,Univ of Delaware

A Portable Immersive Surgery TrainingSystem Using RGB-D Sensors

3:00 Shahzad Rasool .................................................48Nanyang Technological Univ, Singapore

Image-driven Haptic Simulation ofArthroscopic Surgery

3:15 Break

Thursday Afternoon

Activity Schedule

14 NextMed / MMVR20

Moderator: Li Felländer-Tsai

Haptics

3:30 Calvin Kwan.......................................................48Dept of Surgery, Univ of Wisconsin-Madison

Simplifying Touch Data from Tri-AxialSensors Using a New Data Visualization Tool

3:45 Jonas Forsslund.................................................48Computer Science Dept, Stanford Univ

The Effect of Haptic Rendering Fidelity onTask Performance in Virtual Environments

4:00 Regina Leung.....................................................49The Inst of Biomaterials and BiomedicalEngineering, Univ of Toronto

Towards the Haptic Simulation ofSurgical Gestures in PaediatricOrthopaedic Spine Surgery

Skills Assessment

4:15 Elaine Cohen...................................................... 49Univ of Wisconsin-Madison, Dept of Surgery;Northwestern Univ, Dept of Surgery

Use of Simulation to Understand theEffects of Task Complexity and Time Awayon Clinical Confidence

4:30 Carolyn Chen .....................................................49Dept of Biorobotics, Univ of Washington Schof Medicine

Crowd-Sourced Assessment of TechnicalSkill (C-SATS): Faculty Experts vs.Amazon.com Mechanical Turk Project™vs. Facebook™

Simulation Validation

4:45 Uno Fors ............................................................49Dept of Computer and Systems Science,Karolinska Inst

Face Validity of VIS-Ed: A VisualizationProgram for Teaching Medical Studentsand Residents the Biomechanics ofCervical Spine Trauma

5:00 Florence Sheehan ..............................................49Research Professor of Medicine/Cardiology,Univ of Washington

Echo Simulator with Novel Training andCompetency Testing Tools

5:15 Robert Sweet .....................................................50Dept of Urology, Univ of Minnesota MedicalSch Simulation Program

Face, Content and Construct Validation ofHolographic Models for Human Organ Systems

5:30 Adjourn

THURSDAY AFTERNOON

Track CModerator: Julia Zimmermann

Plasma Medicine

1:15 Kai Masur ..........................................................50Ctr for Innovation Competence plasmatis;Leibniz Inst for Plasma Science andTechnology e.V.

Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Effectson Cell Cycle Progression

1:30 Magesh Thiyagarajan ........................................50Plasma Engineering Research Lab, TexasA&M Univ–Corpus Christi

Characterization of an AtmosphericPressure Plasma Jet and its Applicationsfor Disinfection and Cancer Treatment

1:45 Thoulton Surgeon ..............................................50ANC Veterinary Dental Referral Ctr

Clinical Response of Chronic UlcerativeParadental Stomatitis and FelineGingivostomatitis to Gaseous Nitric OxidePlasma Therapy

2:00 Kristian Wende...................................................50Ctr for Innovation Competence plasmatis;Leibniz Inst for Plasma Science andTechnology e.V.

Impact of Non-Thermal AtmosphericPressure Plasma on the Human Proteome

2:15 Magesh Thiyagarajan ........................................51Plasma Engineering Research Lab, TexasA&M Univ–Corpus Christi

Regulated Cellular Exposure to Non-Thermal Plasma Allows PreferentiallyDirected Apoptosis in Acute MonocyticLeukemia Cells

2:30 Break

2:45 - 3:45

TATRC Scientific Update andOpportunity Panel

Organizer:

Thomas B. Talbot,US ARMY TATRC, USC Inst for CreativeTechnologies

Thursday Afternoon

15NextMed / MMVR20

Activity Schedule

Additional Presenters:

Martha Lenhart US Army MRMC JPC-1 MTHIS Office

Harvey MageeUS Army MRMC/TATRC


3:45 - 4:45 PM

How to Achieve Your Three-DimensionalVision When Surrounded byTwo-Dimensional People

Organizer:

Thomas B. Talbot US ARMY TATRC; USC Inst for CreativeTechnologies

Presenters:

Walter CheekBreakaway Ltd

Ken GraceyParallax Inc

Jerry HeneghanApplied Research Associates

Shae PetersUS Air Force Medical Simulation Office

Carla PughUniv of Wisconsin

Robert SweetUniv of Minnesota


4:45 - 5:45 PM

STRIVE: A Virtual Reality Game-BasedApproach to Cognitive BehavioralTherapy-based Post-Traumatic StressDisorder Prophylaxis

Organizer:


Presenter:

Albert “Skip” Rizzo USC Inst for Creative Technologies


THURSDAY EVENING

6:00 - 7:30 PM

B4B: Minds in Flux, A Cyber Soiree


THURSDAY POSTERS


Kapil Bajaj .........................................................51Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine,Ohio Univ

Prototype Development of a Public HealthManagement System

Bryan Bergeron..................................................51Archetype Technologies, Inc.

Medical Modeling and Simulation,Simulators and Intelligent TutoringSystems: Future or Evolutionary Dead End?

Sandrine de Ribaupierre ....................................51Schulich Sch of Medicine and Dentistry,Univ of Western Ontario

An Interactive Program to Conceptualizethe Anatomy of the Internal Brainstem in 3D

Ross Dworkin ....................................................52Blue Grotto Technologies

Dissection of Competencies into Learningand Experiential Components for use inElectronic Competency System andPurpose Driven Education

Simulation Design

J. Cecil .............................................................52Oklahoma State Univ

Creation of a Virtual Environment forOrthopedic Surgery

Ellie Hawkinson .................................................52Ctr for Simulation Technology and ImmersiveLearning, Northwestern Univ

Pediatric Fluoroscopy Simulator as a Toolfor Diagnosis of Malrotation and Volvulus

Bill Kapralos ......................................................52Faculty of Business and InformationTechnology, Univ of Ontario Inst of Technology

Z-DOC: A Serious Game for Z-PlastyProcedure Training

Thursday Posters

Activity Schedule

16 NextMed / MMVR20

Brian Moriarty ...................................................52Sch of Systems and Enterprises, Stevens Inst ofTechnology

Utilizing Depth Based Sensors andCustomizable Software Frameworks forImmersive Medical Training Applications

Joseph Samosky................................................53Simulation and Medical Technology R&D Ctr,Depts of Anesthesiology and Bioengineering,Univ of Pittsburgh

Enhancing Medical Device Training withHybrid Physical-Virtual Simulators: SmartPeripherals for Virtual Devices

Yunhe Shen .......................................................53Dept of Urology, Univ of Minnesota Medical SchSimulation Program

Anatomy Software of UrologicPathophysiological Conditions andProcedures for Patient Education

Sakti Srivastava .................................................53Goodman Surgical Simulation Ctr, Stanford Univ

Augmented Reality on Mobile Devices:Changing the Paradigm of AnatomicalEducation

Weiming Wang...................................................53Dept of Computer Science & Engineering,The Chinese Univ of Hong Kong

An Interactive Web-based AnatomyNavigation System via WebGL and Kinect


Jeffrey Cheung .................................................53SickKids Learning Inst, The Hosp for SickChildren

Web-Based Learning and ComputerSupported Collaborative Learning forPsychomotor Skill Acquisition: Perspectivesof Medical Undergraduate Students

Johan Creutzfeldt...............................................54Dept of Clinical Science, Intervention andTechnology, Karolinska Inst

Learning by Avatars: A Qualitative Study ofUser Experiences During Multiplayer VirtualWorld Training of CPR

Alan Detton........................................................54Dept of Surgery, Div of Clinical Anatomy,Stanford Univ Sch of Medicine

Formative Evaluation of the VirtualDissection Table

David Rojas .......................................................54SickKids Learning Inst, The Hosp for SickChildren

Perceptions of the Roles of SocialNetworking in Simulation AugmentedMedical Education and Training


Rabin Gerrah ....................................................54Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, DoernbecherChildren's Hosp, Oregon Health and Science Univ

In Vivo Quantification of Clot Formation inExtracorporeal Circuits

Chris Hughes .....................................................54Sch of Computer Science, Bangor Univ

3D Measuring Tool for EstimatingFemoroacetabular Impingement

Taeho Jang ........................................................54Sch of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,Seoul National Univ

A Novel Registration Method for RoboticKnee Surgery Using Patient SpecificRegistration guide

Youngjun Kim.....................................................55Ctr for Bionics, Biomedical Research Inst, KoreaInst of Science and Technology (KIST)

Optimized Marker for Template-GuidedIntraoral Surgery

Marko Kostic......................................................55Dept of Bioengineering, Univ of California, Los Angeles

Development of a Novel Portable Multi-channel Near Infrared Spectroscopy System

Nigel Parsad ......................................................55Ctr for Clinical and Research Informatics,NorthShore Univ HealthSystem

Advanced and Collaborative VisualizationUsage in Medical Practice

Marlen Schleusener ...........................................55Dept of Biomedical Engineering, Anhalt Univ ofApplied Sciences

Planning and Simulation of Total HipArthroplasty: Evaluation of Traditional versesComputerized Methods

Geoffrey Tien .....................................................55Sch of Computing Science, Simon Fraser Univ

Identifying Eye Gaze Mismatch duringLaparoscopic Surgery

Thursday Posters

17NextMed / MMVR20

Activity Schedule

Visualization

Karl-Hans Englmeier ..........................................55Inst for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI),Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen

Heterogeneity Analysis of Breast Tumors inPerfusion DCE-MRI Datasets for TherapyMonitoring

Luis Kabongo.....................................................56Dept of eHealth and Biomedical Applications,Vicomtech

Gradient based Volume Visual AttentionMaps in Ray Casting Rendering

Sergei Kurenov ..................................................56Dept of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Inst

Developing a Medical Visualization andSurgery Planning Application with .NETFramework

Jurgen Schulze..................................................56Calit2, Univ of California San Diego

Visualization of Three-Dimensional Ultra-High Resolution OCT in Virtual Reality

Barthélemy Serres .............................................56LI (EA6300), U930 INSERM/CNRS, ToursMedical Sch, Univ François Rabelais Tours

Brain Virtual Dissection and White Matter3D Visualization

Plasma Medicine

Annemarie Barton..............................................56Centre for Innovation Competence plasmatis;Leibniz Inst for Plasma Science and Technology e.V.

Comparison of Apoptosis in a Skin and SkinCancer Cell Line After Non-Thermal PlasmaExposure

Lena Bundscherer..............................................57Centre for innovation Competence plasmatis;Leibniz Inst for Plasma Science and Technology e.V.

Viability After Plasma Treatment of ‘ex vivo’Leucocytes Compared with their RespectiveCell Lines

University of Nebraska Projects - Group 1

Mary Barak-Bernhagen .....................................57Ctr for Advanced Technology & Telemedicine,Dept of Anesthesiology, Univ of NebraskaMedical Ctr

Airway Management in UnusualEnvironments

Ben Boedeker ...................................................57Ctr for Advanced Technology & Telemedicine,Dept of Anesthesiology, Univ of NebraskaMedical Ctr

A Demonstration of the Storz C-CAM inEndoscopic Imagery Projection for FarForward Battlefield Telemetric Support

Gail Kuper .........................................................57Dept Anesthesiology, Univ of Nebraska Medical Ctr

Endotracheal Intubation with a TraditionalVideolaryngoscope Blade versus anIntegrated Suction Blade in a HemorrhagicAirway Cadaver Model

Ismatt Niazi ......................................................57Dept of Anesthesiology, Univ of NebraskaMedical Ctr

The Development of a Dental HygieneTraining Toolkit to Support a SpecialOperations Military Assistance Program inAfghanistan

Thomas Nicholas ..............................................57Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System,Univ of Nebraska Medical Ctr

Using the Intubating Laryngeal Tube in aManikin – User Evaluation of a NewAirway Device

Thursday Posters

FRIDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 22

Poster Session

7:30 - 8:30 During the morning poster session, presenters stand with their posters and explain their research to other attendees, while everyone enjoys continental breakfast.Posters remain displayed until the end of the day for casual exploration.

Friday posters are listed on page 21

Plenary Session

Moderator: Richard Robb


8:40 Dave Warner .....................................................58MindTel LLC; Inst for InterventionalInformatics

Ultra Perceptual Medicine—ImagingComplex Medical Knowledge through aHigh Resolution Hyper-DimensionalMedical Infoscope

9:00 Alexander Tsiaras .............................................58TheVisualMD.com

It is Story that can Give a Soul to Data

9:45 Gabor Forgacs ..................................................58Organovo, Inc; Modern Meadow, Inc; ClarksonUniversity

Lab-Made 'Natural' Biomaterials forConsumption

10:15 Break

Moderator: Henry Fuchs

10:45 Joyce Cutler-Shaw & Jacopo Annese.................58Univ of California, San Diego

What Comes To Mind: The Artistic Process,Neuroesthetics and The Brain Observatory

11:15 Steven Schwaitzberg .........................................58Cambridge Health Alliance; SAGES

Driving Technology Towards Unmet Needs

11:45 Presentation of the 18th Satava Award

12:00 Adjourn

12:00 Noon – 1:00 PM LUNCH

Lunch will be served while the exhibit hall isopen for exploration.

FRIDAY AFTERNOON

Track A

Moderators: Brenda Wiederhold, Mark Wiederhold & Giuseppe Riva


Rehabilitation Tools

1:15 Peter Pidcoe .....................................................59Dept of Physical Therapy, VirginiaCommonwealth Univ

The Development of a Robotic Device toAssist Prone Locomotion in Infants withDisabilities

1:30 Aniket Nagle ......................................................59Dept of Health Sciences and Technology, ETHZurich; Univ Hosp Balgrist, Univ of Zurich

Virtual Reality Aided Training of CombinedArm and Leg Movements of Children with CP

1:45 Gregorij Kurillo ..................................................59Electrical Engineering and ComputerSciences, Univ of California, Berkeley

Upper Extremity Reachable WorkspaceEvaluation with Kinect

2:00 Hossein Mousavi Hondori ..................................59Donald Bren Sch of Information and ComputerSciences, Univ of California, Irvine

A Spatial Augmented Reality RehabSystem for Post-Stroke HandRehabilitation

2:15 Daria Tsoupikova ...............................................59Sch of Art and Design, Univ of Illinois at Chicago

Virtual Reality Environment Assisting PostStroke Hand Rehabilitation: Case Report

Psychology & Technology

2:30 Albert “Skip” Rizzo.............................................60Inst for Creative Technologies, Univ ofSouthern California

User-State Sensing to Enhance InteractionFidelity with Virtual Human Agents and asDecision Support for TeleHealthApplication

2:45 Andrea Gaggioli ................................................60Applied Technology for Neuro-Psychology Lab,Ist Auxologico Italiano

From Mobile Health to Mobile Well-being:Opportunities and Challenges

Activity Schedule

18 NextMed / MMVR20

Friday Morning

19NextMed / MMVR20

Activity Schedule

3:00 Ariana Anderson ................................................60Dept of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,David Geffen Sch of Medicine, Univ ofCalifornia, Los Angeles

Reducing Clinical Trial Costs by Detectingand Measuring the Placebo Effect andTreatment Effects using Brain Imaging

3:15 Break

3:30 Giuseppe Riva....................................................60Ist Auxologico Italiano; Univ Cattolica delSacro Cuore di Milano

From Self-Objectification to Obesity: TheAllocentric Lock Hypothesis and theVirtual Reality Key to Improve ObesityPrevention and Treatment

3:45 Hunter Hoffman ................................................61Virtual Reality Research Ctr, Univ ofWashington

Virtual Reality Pain Distraction: 21stCentury Pain Control

4:00 Roger Xu............................................................61Intelligent Automation, Inc.

TPM: Cloud-based Tele-PTSD Monitorusing Multi-Dimensional Information

4:15 Mark Wiederhold ..............................................61Virtual Reality Medical Center, San Diego

A Continuum of Care: Pre-DeploymentMedical and Tactical Stress InoculationTraining

4:30 Brenda Wiederhold ............................................61Virtual Reality Medical Inst, Brussels

A Continuum of Care: Post-DeploymentTreatment of Stress and PosttraumaticStress Disorder

4:45 Discussion

5:15 Adjourn

FRIDAY AFTERNOON

Track B

Moderator: Carla Pugh


Surgical Simulation Metrics

1:15 Roger Smith.......................................................62Florida Hosp Nicholson Ctr

Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery:Outcomes Measures and CurriculumDevelopment

1:30 Ka-Chun Siu ......................................................62Univ of Nebraska Medical Ctr

Examination of Muscle Effort and Fatigueduring Virtual and Actual LaparoscopicSurgical Skills Practice

1:45 Ganesh Sankaranarayanan ................................62Dept of Mechanical, Aerospace and NuclearEngineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst

Objective Performance Measures UsingMotion Sensors on an Endoscopic Tool forEvaluating Skills in Natural OrificeTranslumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES)

2:00 Masato Ogata ....................................................62Yokohama City Univ; Mitsubishi Precision Co, Ltd.

Dynamic Measuring of Physical Propertiesfor Developing a SophisticatedPreoperative Surgical Simulator - HowMuch Reaction Force Should the SurgicalSimulator Represent for Surgeon?

Surgical Simulation Validation

2:15 Lars Enochsson .................................................62CLINTEC, Karolinska Inst; Dept of SurgicalGastroenterology, Karolinska Univ Hosp

Ctr for Advanced Medical Simulation andTraining, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Stockholm

Simulator Training Improves Motivationand Knowledge in Case Specific Seminars.A Prospective Randomized Study

2:30 Venkata Arikatla ................................................63Dept of Mechanical, Aerospace and NuclearEngineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst

Development and Validation of VBLaST-PT©: A Virtual Peg Transfer Simulator

Friday Afternoon

20 NextMed / MMVR20

Activity Schedule

2:45 Ravikiran Singapogu ..........................................63Haptic Interaction Laboratory, Clemson Univ

Validation of a Salient Skills Approach forHaptic Skills Training for LaparoscopicSurgery

3:00 Dianne Pawluck .................................................63Dept of Biomedical Engineering, VirginiaCommonwealth Univ

The Effect of a Navigational Aid onMinimally Invasive Surgery Camera TaskTraining

3:15 Break

3:30 - 6:30 PM

Surgical Simulators: Have They Lived Up tothe Hype? A Focus Session on CurrentStatus and Future Direction Organizer:

Ganesh Sankaranarayanan Dept of Mechanical, Aerospace and NuclearEngineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst;Fundamental Use of Surgical Energy (FUSE)Program, Society of American Gastrointestinaland Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES)

Schedule:

3:30 Welcome

3:35 Steven Schwaitzberg Cambridge Health Alliance; Harvard MedicalSch; Chair, FLS program Committee

FLS – Where We Are and the Future onCredentialing

4:00 Tansel HalicUniv of Central Arkansas

Technology – Surgical Simulation on Cloudand Mobile Devices

4:25 Robert SweetUniv of Minnesota

It's About the Tissue Not the Tool

4:50 May LiuIntuitive Surgical Inc.

Back to Basics: Placing Learners’ NeedsAhead of Technological Hype

5:15 Thomas Lendvay Seattle Children’s Hosp, Univ of Washington,Medical Sch

Preop Warm-Up – The Hype and Truth

5:40 Ganesh SankaranarayananRensselaer Polytechnic Inst

Cognitive and Situated Learning – Is it theFuture of Surgical Simulation?

6:00 Panel Discussion

6:30 Adjourn


FRIDAY AFTERNOON

Track C

1:10 - 4:30 PM

Physics-Based Medical Simulation withHaptic Rendering using SOFA and H3DOrganizers:

Bruno CarrezINRIA, France

Daniel Evestedt SenseGraphics AB


Stéphane CotinINRIA

Christian Duriez INRIA

Jérémie Allard INRIA

Daniel Evestedt SenseGraphics

Sebastian UllrichSenseGraphics


4:45 - 6:30 PM

Microcontrollers and Medical Simulation:How to Use Affordable, Readily AvailableMicrocontroller Hardware and Software toCreate Medical SimulatorsOrganizer:

Bryan Bergeron Archetype Technologies, Inc; HST Div, Harvard/MIT;SERVO Magazine; Nuts & Volts Magazine



Ken Gracey Parallax, Inc.


Friday Afternoon

21NextMed / MMVR20

Activity Schedule

FRIDAY EVENING

20th Anniversary Banquet Dinner

6:30 - 9:00 PM

Presenters:

Alexander Tsiaras www.anatomicaltravel.com

Members of the Organizing Committee

Conference participants are invited to join the Organiz-ing Committee, Satava Award recipients, and others in aspecial evening event acknowledging two decades ofcoming together as MMVR. Alexander Tsiaras will guideus through some beautiful visuals of his work. Follow-ing, a panel featuring Committee members and SatavaAwardees will discuss conference highlights since1992, and share their vision of the future.

Participation is by advance registration only.Casual atmosphere. No special attire required.

FRIDAY POSTERS

Surgical Simulation Design

Woojin Ahn.........................................................63Ctr for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging inMedicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst

Pattern Cutting Simulation in Virtual BasicLaparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaST-PC)

Woojin Ahn .......................................................63Ctr for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging inMedicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst

Ligating Loop Simulation in Virtual BasicLaparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaST-LL)

Llyrap Cenydd....................................................64Sch of Computer Science, Bangor Univ

VCath: A Tablet-based NeurosurgeryTraining Tool

Lin Chen ............................................................64Sch of Computing, Informatics, and DecisionSystems Engineering, Arizona State Univ

Enhancing Fundamentals of LaparoscopicSurgery Trainer Box via Designing A Multi-Sensor Feedback System

Saurabh Dargar ................................................64Ctr for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging inMedicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst

The Use of Rotational Optical Encoders forDial Sensing in the Virtual TranslumenalEndoscopic Surgical Trainer (VTEST™)

Saurabh Dargar .................................................Ctr for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging inMedicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst

A Rigid Scope Haptic Hardware Interfacefor the Virtual Translumenal EndoscopicSurgical Trainer(VTEST™)


Microsoft Kinect Based Head Tracking forLife Size Collaborative Surgical SimulationEnvironments (LS-CollaSSLE)

Lauren Davis .....................................................64Simulation Technology and Immersive Learning,Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch of Medicine

Design and Development of a NovelThoracoscopic Tracheoesophageal FistulaRepair Simulator

Antonio De Donno..............................................65CNRS, Univ of Strasbourg; LSIIT Lab, EquipeAVR @ IRCAD - European Inst of Telesurgery

Using Simulation to Design ControlStrategies for Robotic No-Scar Surgery

Gordon Hirschman .............................................65Vivonics, Inc.

Tactile and Haptic Enabled Open (THEO)Surgery Trainer

José Mosso Vázquez..........................................65Virtual Lab, Sch of Medicine, UnivPanamericana

iPad and iPhones become EndoscopicSurgical Trainers

Oliver Schuppe .................................................. 65ZITI, Univ of Heidelberg

MicroSim – A Microsurgical TrainingSimulator

Yunhe Shen .......................................................65Dept of Urology, Univ of Minnesota Medical SchSimulation Program

User Feedback for Suturing using BlackLight Assessment of Surgical Technique(BLAST) and Image Processing

Astrini Sie ..........................................................65Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Univ ofMinnesota

Low-Cost Quantitative Tool-Tissue AppliedPressure Indication Method for SurgicalTraining and Assessment in Reality-BasedPhysical Models

Friday Posters

22 NextMed / MMVR20

Activity Schedule


Lin Chen ............................................................66Sch of Computing, Informatics, and DecisionSystems Engineering, Arizona State Univ

Learning Skill-Defining Latent Space inVideo-Based Analysis of Surgical Expertise– A Multi-Stream Fusion Approach

Xianta Jiang.......................................................66Sch of Computing Science, Simon Fraser Univ

Pupil Response to Precision in SurgicalTask Execution

Lindsay Long .....................................................66Psychology Dept, Clemson Univ

A Haptic Simulator to IncreaseLaparoscopic Force Application Sensitivity

William McMahan ..............................................66Dept of Mechanical Engineering and AppliedMechanics, Univ of Pennsylvania

A Practical System for RecordingInstrument Interactions During Live RoboticSurgery

Arun Nemani ....................................................66Ctr for Modeling, Simulation and Imaging inMedicine, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst

Hierarchical Task Analysis of Hybrid RigidScope Natural Orifice TranslumenalEndoscopic Surgery (NOTES)Cholecystectomy Procedures

Anna Skinner ....................................................67AnthroTronix, Inc.

Ambidexterity in Laparoscopic SurgicalSkills Training

Kazuyoshi Tagawa .............................................67Ritsumeikan Global Innovation Research,Ritsumeikan Univ

A Laparoscopic Surgery Simulator UsingFirst Person View and Guidance Force

Modeling

Venkata Arikatla ................................................67Dept of Mechanical, Aerospace and NuclearEngineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst

A Modified Multilevel Scheme for Internaland External Constraints in VirtualEnvironments

Seong Pil Byeon.................................................67Div of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST

A Novel Collision-Detection Method forSimulation of Coil Deployment of theEmbolization of Cerebral Aneurysm

Dirk Fortmeier....................................................67Institut of Medical Informatics, Univ of Luebeck

Optimized Image-Based Soft TissueDeformation Algorithms for Visualization ofHaptic Needle Insertion

Mehdi Kohani.....................................................68Mechanical Engineering Dept, Sharif Univ OfTechnology

Tool-Tissue Force Estimation inLaparoscopic Surgery using GeometricFeatures

Naoto Kume.......................................................68Div of Medical Information Technology &Administration Planning, Kyoto Univ Hosiptal

Rupture Progression Model of StressIntegration for VR Ablation

Chang Ha Lee ....................................................68Sch of Computer Science and Engineering,Chung-Ang Univ

Intubation Simulation with a Cross-Sectional Visual Guidance

Claudio Lobos ....................................................68Dept de Informática, Universidad TécnicaFederico Santa María

A Set of Mixed-Elements Patterns forDomain Boundary Approximation inHexahedral Meshes

Byron Perez-Gutierrez........................................68Virtual Reality Ctr, Mil Nueva Granada Univ

3D Liver Volume Reconstruction forPalpation Training

Haptics

Alastair Barrow .................................................68Imperial College London

Requirements Analysis of a 5 Degree ofFreedom Haptic Simulator for OrthopedicTrauma Surgery

Peter Berkelman ................................................69Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Univ of Hawaii

Co-Located Haptic and 3D Graphic Interfacefor Medical Simulation


The Development of a Haptic Interface forthe Virtual Translumenal EndoscopicSurgical Trainer (VTEST™)

Friday Posters

Felix Hamza-Lup................................................69Computer Science, Armstrong Atlantic State Univ

Liver Pathology Simulation - Algorithm forHaptic Rendering and Force Maps forPalpation Assessment

Shahzad Rasool .................................................69Nanyang Technological Univ, Singapore

Haptic Simulation of Venipuncture

Andrew Stanley..................................................69Mechanical Engineering, Stanford Univ

A Haptic Display for Medical SimulationUsing Particle Jamming


Amjad Hashemi .................................................70Inst for Advanced Medical Technologies, TehranUniv of Medical Sciences

Driver’s Sleepiness Detection using SSVEPBased BCI System

Bonnie Kennedy.................................................70Blue Marble Rehab, Inc.

Treasure of Bell Island: Pilot Study ofConstruct Validity

Jacquelyn Morie ................................................70Inst for Creative Technologies, Univ of SouthernCalifornia

Take One VW and Call Me in the Morning


Gregorij Kurillo ...................................................70Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences,Univ of California, Berkeley

Architecture of an Automated CoachingSystem for Elderly Population

Alvaro Uribe Quevedo ........................................70Multimedia Engineering, Mil Nueva Granada Univ

Video Game Interfaces for Interactive Lowerand Upper Member Therapy

Alvaro Uribe Quevedo ........................................70Multimedia Engineering, Mil Nueva Granada Univ

Kinect-based Posture Tracking forCorrecting Positions during Exercise

Posu Yan ............................................................71Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences,Univ of California, Berkeley

mHealth Application for Upper ExtremityRange of Motion and Reachable Workspace


Mary Barak-Bernhagen......................................71Ctr for Advanced Technology & Telemedicine,Dept of Anesthesiology, Univ of NebraskaMedical Ctr

Telementoring for Airway Training- a CostEffective Method for Airway Training atRemote Sites

Ben Boedeker ....................................................71 Ctr for Advanced Technology & Telemedicine,Dept of Anesthesiology, Univ of NebraskaMedical Ctr

Description of a Novel Device (C-HUB™) toLin the Karl Storz Video Laryngoscope to aTelemedicine Monitor for Far ForwardBattlefield Support

Gail Kuper..........................................................71Dept Anesthesiology, Univ of Nebraska Medical Ctr

Demonstration of Distance Training of aComplex Medical Task Using AdobeConnect

Thomas Nicholas ..............................................71Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System,Univ of Nebraska Medical Ctr

Training for Out-of-OR Airway Management

23NextMed / MMVR20

Activity Schedule Friday Posters

NextMedMMVR20

SATURDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 23

Plenary Session

Moderator: David Hananel


Use of Interactive Supercomputing andVirtual Environments for the Design,Verification, and Manufacture ofMedical Devices

8:40 Arthur Erdman ...................................................72Medical Devices Ctr, Univ of Minnesota

Introduction to Virtual Prototyping ofMedical Devices

9:00 Daniel Keefe ......................................................72Dept of Computer Science and Engineering,Univ of Minnesota

Challenges in Simulation and Designer/3DEnvironment Interface Presentation Title

9:20 Randy Schiestl ...................................................72Engineering Services Group, Boston Scientific

Actual Use of the University of MinnesotaVirtual Simulation System for MedicalDevice Development

9:40 Discussion

10:00 Break

Plenary Session (continued)

Moderator: Richard Satava

10:20 Benjamin Kanter ................................................72Palomar Health

Action at a Distance: Improving the MobileMedical Experience

10:50 David Hadden ....................................................72TheraSim, Inc.

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Training

11:20 John Adler, Jr. ...................................................72Cureus.com; Stanford University; VarianMedical Systems, Inc.

The Future of Scientific Journals: Will TwoCenturies of Tradition Yield to the Power ofthe Internet?

11:50 Closing Remarks

12:00 Adjourn

24 NextMed / MMVR20

Activity ScheduleSaturday Morning

Exhibits

NextMedMMVR20

27NextMed / MMVR20

Exhibit Hours

THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 2110:15 - 10:45 AM Exhibits Open. Break in Exhibit Hall 12:00 - 1:00 PM Lunch in Exhibit Hall 2:30 - 3:30 PM Break in Exhibit Hall 4:00 PM Exhibits Close

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 2210:15 - 10:45 AM Exhibits Open. Break in Exhibit Hall 12:00 - 1:00 PM Lunch in Exhibit Hall 3:15 - 3:30 PM Break in Exhibit Hall4:00 PM Exhibits Close

Exhibits are open from mid-morning break throughmid-afternoon break.

Exhibitors

ANATOMAGE, INC.

The Anatomage Table provides 1-to-1 life-size visualiza-tions of 3D anatomy reconstructed from real patientscans. The interactive, virtual cadaver has been generat-ed from real human data and can be endlessly rotated,sliced, and restored for repeated use. The AnatomageTable complements cadaveric studies by allowing usersto construct or deconstruct the virtual cadaver as well asupload their own MR or CT patient scans when teachingpathology or physiology.

Contact: Kris ThomsonProject Manager, Anatomage Table and Visage111 N. Market Street #800San Jose, CA 95113Phone: [email protected]

_________________________________________________

BRAIN VISION LLC

Brain Vision LLC is the exclusive US/Canadian distribu-tor for Brain Products GmbH (Munich, Germany;www.brainproducts.com) which has been the leader in

making simultaneous EEG/fMRI measurements possibleand almost effortless for over a decade. Our productsconsist of robust, high-performance, and low-noise, EEGresearch solutions such as the BrainAmp, actiCHamp,actiCAP and MOVE systems that are uniquely engi-neered to excel even in challenging multi-modal meas-urement conditions such as during fMRI, MEG, fNIRS,eye-tracking, TMS, and tDCS/tACS. Innovative, high-per-forming products and outstanding consulting furtherestablishes our role in ever growing neuro-researchfields that continue to take EEG/ERP applications totheir full potential - including brain computer interfaces(BCI), virtual reality, and neuro-manipulation.

Contact: Dr Florian Strelzyk2500 Gateway Centre Blvd, Suite 400Morrisville, NC 27560Phone: [email protected]

_________________________________________________

FORCE DIMENSION

Force Dimension is a privately held company withheadquarters in Nyon, Switzerland. Force Dimensiondesigns high-end force-feedback technology fordemanding environments in the areas of medical robot-ics, aerospace, industry, computer imaging and 3D sim-ulation. Force Dimension designs and manufactureshigh-precision haptic (force-feedback) devices, includingthe delta.x, omega.x and sigma.x range of hapticdevices, and provides a complete set of hardware andsoftware solutions to assist in creating force-enabledend-user applications. Force Dimension technology isused by a broad range of applications and partners,from OEM components in highly specialized medicalequipment (Hansen Medical), to the entertainment andgaming markets (Novint Technologies).

Contact: François Conti Route de Saint-Cergue 295_CH-1260 Nyon, SwitzerlandPhone: [email protected] www.forcedimension.com

_________________________________________________

Exhibits

28 NextMed / MMVR20

Exhibits

GEOMAGIC (SENSABLE GROUP)

Geomagic Sensable® Phantom® haptic devices providetrue three-dimensional navigation and force feedback,integrating the sense of touch into research and com-mercial applications. Geomagic will be demonstrating avariety of haptically enabled training applications devel-oped by its customers including a dual Omni configurationusing ToLTech’s new Micro BOTOX Injection simulator.

Contact: Lisa CareyManager, Sales Operations & HDT SalesSensable Group181 Ballardvale Street Wilmington, MA 01887Phone: 1-781-939-7457lcarey@geomagic.comwww.sensable.comwww.geomagic.com

_________________________________________________

INSTITUTE FOR CREATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

The Medical Virtual Reality group at the University ofSouthern California Institute for Creative Technologiesadvances virtual reality (VR) simulation technology forclinical purposes, exploring and evaluating areas whereVR can add value over traditional assessment and inter-vention approaches. Demonstrations include: JewelMine, a game-based application for exercise and motorrehabilitation; SimCoach, web-based virtual humans formental health support; Virtual Iraq/Afghanistan, a VRexposure therapy tool to treat post traumatic stress dis-order; and STRIVE, an interactive VR simulation to betterprepare service members for the pressures of combat.

Contact: David KwokSpecial Project Manager, ICT 12015 Waterfront Drive Playa Vista, CA 90094Phone: 1-310-448-0330 www.ict.usc.edu [email protected]

_________________________________________________

MOTION ANALYSIS

Motion Analysis Corporation, founded in 1982 and head-quartered in Santa Rosa, California, is a leading ISO9001:2000 developer and manufacturer of real-time 3-Ddigital optical motion capture and analysis systems thatnon-invasively measure and record the movement of

humans and objects. The Company's proprietary sys-tems, based on over twenty five years of development,consists of digital, high-speed cameras, proprietary 3-Dmarker tracking software, and proprietary and licensedapplication-specific software to capture in real-time thethree-dimensional movements of the body and display itin a VR environment. In addition, complete kinematic andkinetic segmental data can be computed and graphed.

The Company's systems are deployed in a wide range ofindustries, including: military/industrial, medical, research,and entertainment. The Company's systems are consid-ered the market leader in every industry they serve.

Contact: Mike Kocourek Vice President of Sales3617 Westwind BlvdSanta Rosa, CA 95403Phone: 1-707-579-6520 [email protected]_________________________________________________

POLHEMUS

Polhemus pioneered motion tracking over 40 years ago,introducing head tracking technology for the U.S. Mili-tary—something they still do today. Continuing to offercost effective solutions has paved the way for otherleading markets, including Virtual Reality, Biomechanics,and Health Care. Along with their accuracy, low latency and simplicity,our motion trackers provide 6 degrees-of-freedom meas-urement, with sensors that are easily embedded andaffordable. This has made Polhemus technology a topchoice for use in some of the world’s most sophisticatedand commercially successful VR training simulators. Pol-hemus powers VRSim’s SimWeldertm welding simulatorand Medsim’s UltraSimtm ultrasound simulator—just toname a few.

Polhemus continues to bring new products to market—the latest being G4—the wearable, wireless trackerdesigned with rehabilitation, PT, human factors and bio-mechanics in mind. G4 is completely tetherless, yet stillprovides 6DOF high fidelity motion tracking with theaccuracy and ease of use electromagnetics is known for.

Contact: Neil SchellDirector, Research and Technology Applications40 Hercules DrivePO Box 560Colchester, VT 05446Phone: 1-800-357-4777, x234 [email protected]

_________________________________________________

29NextMed / MMVR20

Exhibits

SENSEGRAPHICS

SenseGraphics develops, co-develops and commercial-izes custom built medical simulators tailored to the spe-cific requirements of the customer. Successful customerreference work includes the Simodont Dental trainerfrom MOOG in the Netherlands, ScanTrainer Ultrasoundtraining simulator from Medaphor in the UK, as well asthe Haystack simulator for ultrasound guided peripheralnerve blocks from NDRC in Ireland.

SenseGraphics is devoted to the science of multi-modalinteraction and real 3D stereo visualization, with thevision to facilitate and support research- and commercialapplication development in the medical field. Theflagship product H3DAPI sets the standard for multi-modal research, medical and industrial applicationdevelopment in real 3D stereo graphics with haptics asavailable under both Open Source and commerciallicense. Through the open source community,www.H3D.org <http://www.h3d.org/>, SenseGraphicshas been able to quickly spread its software amongstresearchers and gain broad, world-wide user support forH3DAPI by offering Wikis, tutorials and free supportbased forums. SenseGraphics is also offering hapticshardware and 3D Display solutions for co-location ofhaptics and 3D stereo visualization.

Contact: Tommy ForsellCEOKista Science Tower Färögatan 33_164 51 Kista, SwedenPhone: +467-077-88410 (mobile), +468-750-8070 (office)[email protected]

_________________________________________________

SHEEHAN MEDICAL DEVICE CORP.

Sheehan Medical Device Corp. (SMDC) brings youindustry-leading medical simulators designed to providea real life learning environment. Our platform is the firstto successfully display original cardiac ultrasoundimages in real time. The platform is flexible for otherultrasound applications, both diagnostic and procedural.This ability to educate the next generation of physiciansand other health care providers without having to resortto synthetic or degraded data is a great leap forward inmedical education in imaging.

Together with its partner, the University of Washington,SMDC is focused on giving faculty the tools they need --not just to teach but indeed to accelerate learning.These tools are based on experience in teaching, clinical

ultrasound, and on research in developing tools forNASA and tele-ultrasound.

SMDC simulators combine training with tools for evalu-ating the skills of trainees, including another industryfirst: competence testing of psychomotor skill in acquir-ing ultrasound images. The metrics are objective, quanti-tative, and validated under support from the StemmlerMedical Education Research Fund of the National Boardof Medical Examiners.

SMDC also builds educational devices for industry undercontract. Learn more atwww.depts.washington.edu/cvrtc (click on Simulation).

Contact: Florence Sheehan MDUniversity of Washington, Campus Box 356422Health Science Bldg. RR6161959 NE Pacific StreetSeattle, WA 98195-6422Phone: [email protected]/cvrtc

_________________________________________________

STRATEGIC OPERATIONS, INC.

Strategic Operations Inc. (STOPS), part of Stu Segall Pro-ductions, a full-service TV / movie studio in San Diego,provides “Hyper-RealisticTM” training services and prod-ucts for military, and other organizations responsible forhomeland security. STOPS employs state-of-the-art Hol-lywood special effects to create immersive training envi-ronments that provide a “stress inoculation” effect. Theobjective is to make the first exposure to combat ortrauma in the real world hopefully no worse than thelast simulation in a “hyper-realistic” training environ-ment. STOPS has provided training support to morethan 600,000 military over the last 12 years. The compa-ny develops and manufactures medical training productsincluding the Human Worn Partial Task Surgical Simula-tor (“Cut Suit”) which will be demonstrated at NextMed/ MMVR20.

Contact: Kit LavellExecutive Vice President 4705 Ruffin Road San Diego, CA 92123Phone: 1-858-244-0559www.strategic-operations.com

_________________________________________________

30 NextMed / MMVR20

TELEMEDICINE & ADVANCED TECHNOLOGYRESEARCH CENTER (TATRC)

Please see syllabus Addendum for current details.

_________________________________________________

UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE

iSurg is a new portable immersive surgical training sys-tem that is capable of acquiring and displaying highfidelity 3D reconstructions of surgical procedures. Oursolution utilizes a set of Microsoft Kinect sensors tosimultaneously recover the participants and the surgicalscene itself. iSurg offers a space-time navigator to allowthe users to witness and explore prior procedures frommultiple viewpoints, as if they were there. Furthermore,iSurg integrates with 3D stereoscopic displays toenhance the user experience. Learn more atwww.eecis.udel.edu/~xinqing/inbre

Contact: Jingyi Yu410 Smith Hall University of DelawareNewark, DE 19716Phone: [email protected]/~yu/

Exhibits

Independently Organized Adjunct

Activities

NextMedMMVR20

Wednesday Morning

8:30 AM - 12:00 Noon

Tour of Calit2 at UC San DiegoTour Host:

Larry Smarr Founding Director, Calit2

Conference participants have a specialopportunity to tour lab spaces of the Califor-nia Institute for Telecommunications andInformation Technology (www.Calit2.net) onthe campus of the University of California,San Diego. Calit2 promotes interdisciplinaryand collaborative research and boosts South-ern California’s already important role as aninnovation hub.

Participation is optional, limited, and byadvance registration only. A charter bus willtransport visitors to the UCSD campus. A boxlunch will be provided for the return trip.

An introduction to CalIT2 will be presentedin Auditorium 4K. Afterward, participants willorganize into small groups and tour VROOM,StarCAVE, NexCAVE, VirtuLab, the RoboticsLab, and EPARC.

Wednesday AfternoonTRACK A

1:00 - 5:00 PM

The Advanced Developer Frontier

Organizer:


Presenters:


Eric ForbellUSC Inst for Creative Technologies

Rachel ClippApplied Research Associates

Roger SmithNicholson Center for Surgical Advancement,Florida Hospital

Skip RizzoUSC Inst for Creative Technologies

Overview:

“Advanced Developer Frontier” explores newchallenges and opportunities afforded byrecent advancements brought on by newtools for use by innovators. Includes presen-tations and active discussions of ground-breaking advanced technology initiatives,including an open-source virtual reality surgi-cal platform, a virtual standardized patientplatform and authoring system, practical useof physiology engines for high-fidelity simu-lation, and telemedicine robotics.

This presentation will be in a panel formatthat encourages audience participation.

5:00 - 6:30 PM

Open Source Surgical Simulation System:Goals, Plans, and Design to Date

Organizer & Presenter:


Overview:

The US Army has recently made possible aneffort to assemble in a single integrated sys-tem the components required to develop,deploy, and use clinically capable simulation-based surgical training. This workshop willoverview the effort, provide an update onwork completed to date, gather additionalinput from the participants regarding desiredfunctionality in future releases of the soft-ware, and continue the process of establish-ing on-line communication with the develop-ment and user communities.

The system as planned can be summarizedas follows:

OpenSurgSim will provide an implementa-tion of the span of those aspects of the soft-ware and learning scenario creation processrequired to create and deploy clinically use-ful simulation-based surgical training. Thesystem will include:

• the real-time physics computation, graphics, and haptics system

• the web-based didactic presentation system

• linkage between the presentation and simulation

33NextMed / MMVR20

Summaries of Independently Organized Adjunct Activities


• tools for creating data to load into the simulator to provide different learning scenarios

• means to extract and display scenario-specificobjective performance assessment metrics

• a debug infrastructure and display system to allow effective creation of new simulation capabilities

• extensive documentation on the underlying numerics, code construction, and content creation tools

• a community site for developers and contentcreators to share experiences, insights, and expansions

All parts of the OpenSurgSim will availablewith a fully open BSD-type license. Bothacademic and commercial use is encouragedand free of charge. Initial surgical scenariosof both civilian and military training will bedeveloped using the system during its initialdevelopment period.

The system is being derived from existing,already functional simulation code and withan appreciation of the open source surgicalsimulation efforts to date. It is focused onproviding a platform for rapidly developingclinical learning tools rather than as an engi-neering research platform. It is beingdesigned so that it will be compatible withmore engineering focused efforts so that itcan be adapted to their needs as well.

Target audience: Attendees interested indeveloping and deploying simulation-basedsurgical training systems

Wednesday AfternoonTRACK B

1:00 - 3:00 PM

An Introduction to Serious Games, and(Virtual) Simulation for Health ProfessionsEducation

Organizers:

Bill Kapralos Univ of Ontario Inst of Technology

Adam Dubrowski The Hosp for Sick Children Learning Inst

Faizal Haji The Wilson Centre & The Hosp for Sick ChildrenLearning Inst


Brent Cowan Univ of Ontario Inst of Technology

Robert ShewagaUniv of Ontario Inst of Technology

Overview:

The field of modeling and simulation is largeand diverse; these new educational technolo-gies are increasingly applied in many disci-plines to augment traditional education andtraining. Recently, there has been a pushtowards specific simulations, known asgames (when applied to education and train-ing, they are known as serious games).These serious games contain internal goalsand provide an experience that is fun andengaging, making them particularly relevantto the current generation of learners.

This tutorial will provide an introduction tosimulation, including virtual simulation andserious gaming, and their use in health profes-sions education. The tutorial will begin withan overview of the fundamental concepts andterminology (e.g., simulation, virtual simula-tion, simulator, game, serious game, etc.), therelationship between them, and the motivationfor the use of game-based learning. The tutori-al will then provide a brief overview of thedesign/development process forsimulations/serious games, open problems andmethods for integration with other educationaltechniques. These concepts will be illuminatedby providing several examples of simulationsand serious games developed for the healthprofessions context. Finally, the evaluation ofsimulations and serious games for health pro-fessions education will be discussed, with spe-cific reference to evaluating both content-learning and educational efficiency.

Learning Objectives:

• Develop an understanding of games, seriousgames, and simulations, and the relationship between them.

• Develop an understanding of the motivationfor the use of simulation and serious games in health care.

• Develop an understanding of the advantages and the shortcomings/ limitations of simulation.

• Become familiar with what is involved in

34 NextMed / MMVR20

developing a simulation and devising a simulation-based curriculum.

• Develop a strategy to evaluate simulationsand serious games with respect to how efficiently they promote learning

• Become familiar with strategies and processes to blend gaming and virtual simulations with other educational techniques for rich blended learning environments.

Target Audience: Attendees interested inlearning about simulation and serious gamesand their application to health professionseducation.

3:15 - 4:45 PM

Reshaping Electronics for the HumanBody: Opportunities in Wearable and Inter-ventional Medical Devices

Organizers & Presenters:

Kevin DowlingVP, Research & Development, MC10 Inc.

Roozbeh GhaffariDirector, Medical Development, MC10 Inc.

Overview:

While Moore's Law has delivered smaller,cheaper and faster electronics, these conven-tional systems exist exclusively in planar lay-outs on the flat surfaces of rigid, brittle semi-conductor wafers. These 2D configurations arenot fundamentally compatible for use in softform factors such as on or in the human body.

MC10 is reshaping electronics into conformalproducts that bend, stretch and flex to movewith the body, without sacrificing perform-ance. Stretchable electronics can be integratedinto three-dimensional applications, intodynamic and moving systems, and into space-constrained areas - applications that just aren'tpossible with dominant forms of electronics.

This session will describe the approach todeveloping stretchable electronics. Additional-ly, the presentations will explore the primarymarkets and opportunities we see in thisspace today and in the future, with a focus onwearable sensors, interventional medicaldevices, and implantable medical devices.


• Understand the core principles for and approach to developing conformal electronics

• Define the healthcare related application areas for conformal electronics - both on and in the body

• Identify future application areas

About the Organizer:

MC10 (www.mc10inc.com; Cambridge, MA)extends human capabilities through virtuallyinvisible and conformal electronics thatstretch, bend, and twist seamlessly with thenatural world.

Wednesday Evening

6:30 – 8:00 PM

Innovate NextMed

Our first "Innovate NextMed" networkingactivity gives participants an opportunity totake the stage, share their professional inter-ests in brief presentations, and encourageothers to engage in conversation during thereception that follows.

Thursday AfternoonTRACK C

2:45 - 3:45 PM

TATRC Scientific Update andOpportunity Panel

Organizer:

Thomas B. Talbot,US ARMY TATRC, USC Inst for CreativeTechnologies


Martha Lenhart US Army MRMC JPC-1 MTHIS Office

Harvey MageeUS Army MRMC/TATRC

35NextMed / MMVR20



Overview:

Currently, more medical simulation research& development is happening through theDefense Department DMRDP/JPC-1 MTHIS,and TATRC specifically, than any othersource. This presentation outlines the state ofthe medical simulation R&D program, recentprogress and shares the intended strategictrajectory over the next 3-4 years.

The presentation will also include a reporton newly started science and open solicita-tions. There will also be a brief report on theJoint Program Committee for medical trainingand health information technologies that pro-vides programmatic oversight.

Finally, there will be a briefing on howresearchers can participate in military R&Dincluding how to find opportunities, submitresearch ideas and even how to submitresearch topics towards future solicitations.The audience will have the opportunity toask questions as well as sign up for 10-minute mini appointments to share their ideaswith the Military over the course of MMVR.

3:45 - 4:45 PM

How to Achieve Your Three-DimensionalVision When Surrounded byTwo-Dimensional People

Organizer:


Presenters:

Walter CheekBreakaway Ltd

Ken GraceyParallax Inc

Jerry HeneghanApplied Research Associates

Shae PetersUS Air Force Medical Simulation Office

Carla PughUniv of Wisconsin

Robert SweetUniv of Minnesota

Overview:

Pioneering researchers and visionaries, likethose who attend MMVR, are characterized

by their advanced, disruptive and game-changing ideas. Often, those researchersfind themselves frustrated, stymied and lim-ited by others they depend on or work forwho tend to be concrete, bureaucracy ori-ented, lacking in vision and possibly evenhostile to innovation.

Intended to inform and entertain, this panelexplores these challenging dynamics and pan-elists discuss their experiences in overcomingthem. Specific strategies on dealing with lackof enthusiasm and vision are provided. Thepanel session will include videos and ampleopportunities for audience participation.

4:45 - 5:45 PM

STRIVE: A Virtual Reality Game-BasedApproach to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-based Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Pro-phylaxis

Organizer:


Presenter:

Albert “Skip” Rizzo USC Inst for Creative Technologies

Overview:

Much work has been done in the area ofVirtual Reality exposure therapy for PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Recentwork includes clinical trials of VR-exposuretherapy efficacy as well as pharmacologicallyenhanced interventions employing D-cycloserine as a neural pathway remodulator.

This presentation will update the audienceon latest research results in the field andintroduce ongoing research that seeks toemploy a series of immersive interactivegame based narrative episodes (STRIVE)that are coupled with virtual human avatar-based cognitive behavioral therapy coach-es. The goal is to create a pre-deploymentprophylactic inoculation to wartime stimulithat is typically a contributor to PTSDsymptoms after deployments.

The presentation will include a live-demon-stration, reports on any research returnsand audience participation.

36 NextMed / MMVR20

Thursday Evening

6:00 - 7:30 PM

B4B: Minds in Flux, A Cyber Soiree

Once again, MMVR/NextMed will see thereturn of the Medical Cyberarium, a techno-social networking scene with intentional com-binatorial mash-ups of happy fun smart peoplewith emerging technologies and great ideas.

This year's theme will be Minds in Flux:where neuro nerds meet the medical cyber-nauts, where surgical synergists meet theirdata, and where change happens.

Contact the event synergist, Dr Dr Dave,for more info:

Dave Warner MD PhDARCH [email protected]://projects.mindtel.com

Friday AfternoonTRACK B

3:30 - 6:30 PM

Surgical Simulators: Have They Lived Up tothe Hype? A Focus Session on CurrentStatus and Future Direction

Organizer:

Ganesh Sankaranarayanan Dept of Mechanical, Aerospace and NuclearEngineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst;Fundamental Use of Surgical Energy (FUSE)Program, Society of American Gastrointestinaland Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES)

Overview & Learning Objectives:

Surgical simulators, both physical and virtualhave been widely used for training in varioussurgical disciplines. They have become astandard for credentialing and have beenendorsed by major surgical organizationssuch as SAGES and ASGE . Fundamentals ofLaparoscopic surgery (FLS) and Fundamen-tals of Endoscopic surgery (FES) are twopopular programs that have been adoptedfor credentialing. Simulators are also getting

to be widely used in the emerging field ofrobotic surgery. Several researchers have alsoshown the benefits of warming up on simu-lators before performing actual procedures.

Have surgical simulators lived up to thehype? Most simulators focus on developinggood psychomotor skills and use time anderrors as performance measures. Virtual reali-ty simulators have the advantage of provid-ing multidimensional data but do they reallydefine what makes one an expert? Howimportant is to train cognitive skills, so learn-ers think and perform like an expert?

The session is designed to delve into theseissues through a series of talks from leadingexperts in the field of simulation and surgery.It will conclude with a panel discussion.

Target Audience: Attendees interested in sur-gical simulation and cognitive skills.

Schedule:

3:30 Welcome

3:35 Steven Schwaitzberg Cambridge Health Alliance; Harvard MedicalSch; Chair, FLS program Committee

FLS – Where We Are and the Future onCredentialing

4:00 Tansel HalicUniv of Central Arkansas

Technology – Surgical Simulation on Cloudand Mobile Devices

4:25 Robert SweetUniv of Minnesota

It's About the Tissue Not the Tool

4:50 May LiuIntuitive Surgical Inc.

Back to Basics: Placing Learners’ NeedsAhead of Technological Hype

5:15 Thomas Lendvay Seattle Children’s Hosp, Univ of Washington,Medical Sch

Preop Warm-Up – The Hype and Truth

5:40 Ganesh SankaranarayananRensselaer Polytechnic Inst

Cognitive and Situated Learning – Is it theFuture of Surgical Simulation?

6:00 Panel Discussion

6:30 Adjourn

37


NextMed / MMVR20

Friday AfternoonTRACK C

1:10 - 4:30 PM

Physics-Based Medical Simulation withHaptic Rendering using SOFA and H3D

Organizers:

Bruno CarrezINRIA, France

Daniel Evestedt SenseGraphics AB


Stéphane CotinINRIA

Christian Duriez INRIA

Jérémie Allard INRIA

Daniel Evestedt SenseGraphics

Sebastian UllrichSenseGraphics

Overview:

SOFA (Simulation Open Framework Architec-ture) is an open source framework (LGPLLicense) that allows for building a new gen-eration of surgical simulators.

The library of SOFA, coded in C++, containsall the main components and algorithms thatare needed for a surgical simulation: soft-tis-sue models, real-time finite element, collisiondetection, collision response, rigid and flexi-ble instruments models, haptic and visualrendering, GPU computations...

The characteristics of SOFA architecture is todecompose all these features into independ-ent components (degrees of freedom, topolo-gy, forces, constraints, differential equations,linear solvers, collision algorithms... ) thatcan be combined easily.

To ensure a consistent simulation, thesemodels are synchronized during the simula-tion using a mapping mechanism. CPU andGPU implementations can be transparentlycombined to exploit the computationalpower of modern hardware architectures. As

a result of this flexible and efficient architec-ture, SOFA can be used as a test-bed to com-pare models and algorithms, or as a basis forthe development of complex, high-perform-ance simulators.

H3DAPI is an open source haptics softwaredevelopment platform that uses the openstandards OpenGL and X3D with haptics inone unified scene graph to handle bothgraphics and haptics. H3DAPI is cross plat-form and haptic device independent. Itenables audio integration as well as stereog-raphy on supported displays.

Unlike most other scene graph APIs, H3DAPIis designed chiefly to support a special rapiddevelopment process. By combining X3D,C++ and the scripting language Python,H3DAPI offers three ways of programmingapplications that offer the best of bothworlds – execution speed where perform-ance is critical, and development speedwhere performance is less critical.

H3DAPI is written in C++, and is designed tobe extensible, ensuring that developers pos-sess the freedom and means to customizeand add any needed haptics or graphics fea-tures in H3DAPI for their applications.

H3DAPI has been used to develop a diverserange of haptics and multimodal applicationsin various fields including but not limited todental, medical, industrial and visualization.To encourage learning and growth in the useof haptics technology, H3DAPI is open sourceand released under the GNU GPL license,with options for commercial licensing.


The goal of this workshop is to familiarizethe attendees with the two open sourcetoolkits for medical simulation SOFA andH3D. Each toolkit will be described briefly ingeneral, followed by some hands on exam-ples showing a basic medical simulationapplication with soft tissue simulation, visual-ization and haptic rendering. Creation of datasets for simulation, tuning of simulationparameters, optimizing of visual and hapticrendering will be all addressed briefly.

Target Audience: Masters and PhD students;researchers and software engineers

38 NextMed / MMVR20


Presentations:

• Introduction to SOFA with recent researchresults of SOFA-team (30 minutes)

• Introduction to H3D with recent application examples (30 minutes)

• Installation, setup and resources/tutorials for SOFA and H3D (30 minutes)

• Multi-model approaches (30 minutes) [Mechanical models, Visual models, Collision models, mappings]

• How to combine both toolkits (30 minutes)

• A concrete example demonstrating Finite Element Models for soft-tissues, Collision response & Haptic rendering

4:45 - 6:30 PM

Microcontrollers and Medical Simulation:How to Use Affordable, Readily AvailableMicrocontroller Hardware and Software toCreate Medical Simulators

Organizer:

Bryan Bergeron Archetype Technologies, Inc; HST Div,Harvard/MIT; SERVO Magazine; Nuts & VoltsMagazine



Ken Gracey Parallax, Inc.

Overview:

Medical simulators –hardware devices usedto display and provide an interaction inter-face to underlying physiological simulations– have been expensive acquisitions by med-ical schools and other institutions that wishto leverage simulator technology. However,the ready availability of affordable microcon-trollers – that is, microprocessors designed tointerface with the physical world throughactuators and sensors – and software devel-opment tools has made it possible for virtual-ly anyone with modest programming andphysical assembly skills to create medicalsimulators. The aim of this tutorial is tointroduce the rapidly expanding field of

physical computing – made possible byinexpensive microcontrollers and develop-ment software – and apply the concepts tothe relatively small but active field of med-ical simulator development.

We will explore the most popular and mostpowerful microcontroller options available,including open source Arduino, ParallaxBASIC Stamp, and Parallax Propeller, as wellas the range of sensors and actuators avail-able. We will also show examples of systemsdeveloped with these microcontrollers andsensors, and discuss costs, sources, andresources for more information.


Attendees will:• Understand the capabilities of the most

popular microcontroller systems• Understand the software development

options and limitations • Understand how microcontroller systems

can be applied to medical simulation• Know where best to locate and purchase

hardware, software, sensors, and accessories

Target Audience: Attendees who have notused microcontrollers in the context of creat-ing medical simulations/simulators.

39


NextMed / MMVR20

PresentationSummaries

NextMedMMVR20

43NextMed / MMVR20

THURSDAY, February 21 PLENARY SESSION

Kirby Vosburgh

Surgery, Virtual Reality, and the Future

MMVR has provided the leading forum for the multidisci-plinary development of Virtual Reality (VR) techniques inmedicine, particularly in surgical practice. We discuss theevolution of VR in surgery and similar interventional pro-cedures, sum up the current status, and describe the chal-lenges and opportunities going forward. The intersectionof graphical computing and medicine has continued topromise significant improvements to human health.Looking ahead, it is hard not to be optimistic that thefounding dreams of the field are becoming attainable, par-ticularly as they evolve to incorporate the collected experi-ence of the practitioners. However, the human body inhealth and disease is far more complex than our systemswill be able to fully model anytime soon. Recognizingthat the physician’s gift has always been to find the rele-vant aspects of the patient’s condition that can be cap-tured efficiently while providing useful information for hisor her care, progress may be achieved by focusing ontwo paths: 1) Improve technology so that it supportsenhanced surgeon performance seamlessly. 2) Re-engi-neer the technical systems supporting the surgeon (and allcaregivers) to make each caregiver optimally effective.

Richard Satava

The Alliance of Surgical Specialties forEducation and Training (ASSET): Multi-SpecialtyAlliance for Curriculum Development

The FRS is a project to develop one specific curriculum -the basic skills needed for robotic surgery, regardless ofspecialty. In this project, the ASSET Curriculum Templatewas used, members from all the specialties represented inASSET participated in developing the FRS curriculum, andwhen the validation trial is done, it will be comprised of10 institutions that belong to the ACS-AEI and have repre-sentation from all the specialties of ASSET. When the FRSis completed, because the specialties participated in itscreation, it is anticipated that the specialties will use thecurriculum at their conferences and training programs,and will likely have their respective boards endorse thecurriculum and perhaps even mandate the FRS for certifi-cation (like the FLS)

Carla Pugh

Engineering the OR of the Future

This presentation will highlight past, present and futurevisions pertaining to OR of the Future. This concept hasbeen part of technology developer's inspiration for over adecade, yet many would agree that we are not there yet.The goal of this presentation is to provide insight into theproblems that still linger in many OR's today; build a casefor engineered and automated systems; and underscorethe need for new, multi-disciplinary and inter-professionalpartnerships that have the fire power to bring today's OR'swhere no man has gone before.

Julia Zimmermann

Cold Atmospheric Plasmas in Medical Therapy

Cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs) – partly ionized gases,which consist of neutral gas, charged particles, excitedatoms and molecules and reactive species - are of consider-able interest in medicine and health care due to 1) theirability to inactivate bacteria, fungi and viruses withoutharming eukaryotic cells and tissue; and 2) their variability:CAPs and their produced chemistry can be specificallydesigned for therapeutic applications. These propertiesopen up a broad application spectrum in medical therapy.

The first part of this presentation will give an overview onworldwide developed CAP devices, their characteristics andthe targeted application areas in medicine and hygiene. Thesecond part will focus on our latest results obtained fromthe in vivo CAP treatment of germ related superficial skindiseases. In the first worldwide clinical phase II studies amicrowave driven cold atmospheric argon plasma device(MicroPlaSter) was used for the treatment of chronic infect-ed wounds, for targeting wound healing of acute woundsand for the treatment of secondary infections of the Hailey-Hailey disease: The used CAP device demonstrated that a 5min (and in subsequent studies 2 min) therapy regimen ledto a highly significant higher germ reduction in CAP treatedchronic wounds compared to the controls [1,2]. Further-more the influence of CAP on wound healing was investi-gated in patients with acute wounds from mesh grafts. Theresults showed improved epithelisation with lower fibrinlayers and blood crusts, resulting in faster wound healing[3]. A rapid clinical improvement was also reported in apatient with Hailey-Hailey disease resistant to topical disin-fectants and corticoids [4]. At the end of the presentationthe next generation plasma device – a small handheld andbattery-operated device – will be introduced shortly.

[1] Isbary et al., Br J Dermatol. 2012; [2] Isbary et al., Br JDermatol. 2010; [3] Isbary et al., Arch Dermatol. 2011; [4]Heinlin et al., submitted to Journal of the American Acad-emy of Dermatology

Thursday’s Presentation Summaries

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Presentation Summaries

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Larry Smarr

Deep Self—Quantifying the State of Your Body

The use of advanced IT technology to develop a detailedview of the state of one’s body, along with its time rate ofchange, has made exponential progress in the last decade.During that time, the numbers by which I define mybody’s state has increased by one billion fold. I willdescribe how I have combined time series of over onehundred blood and stool variables with genomic sequenc-ing of my human and microbial DNA and a variety ofimaging modalities to simultaneously improve my healthand discover previously unknown disease states. Current-ly, I am using advanced visualization technologies, whichyou can experience during the conference tour of Calit2,together with visual data analytics to decipher the com-plex interactions between the various components of myimmune system and the human and microbial DNA pres-ent in my “superorganism” body.

THURSDAY AfternoonTRACK A


Pierre Jannin

Surgical Process Modeling: Methods andApplications

The objective of this presentation is to demonstrate theneeds for models in computer assisted surgery. We sug-gest the improvement of information, involved in the sur-gical process, by translating implicit knowledge intoexplicit one. Making information explicit goes through theconstruction of models. In the last 20 years, a lot has beendone for building numerical patient specific models frommultimodal pre operative images. Image segmentation andregistration methods allow defining surgical target(s),some reference areas, areas to be avoided, and trajectoriesfrom these images. This model can be displayed in theoperating room along with the real patient and updatedby using intra operative images (e.g., 3D US, videoimages).

Computer assisted surgery made information about thepatient more explicit, but lot of information still remainsimplicit, especially regarding the surgical practice. Thehigh inter patient and inter surgeon variability in surgeryhas to be studied and modelled for its explicit understand-ing. Surgical process modelling has been introduced forsuch purpose. The global methodology includes the defi-nition of a surgical ontology, the development of software

for surgical experience description based on this ontology,the development of methods for automatic recognition ofsurgeon’s activities, and the analysis of these descriptionsfor knowledge generation about the surgical practice. Thisapproach will be illustrated by different studies in neuro-surgery. Possible applications of SPM methodology andperspectives will be outlined.

Nazim Haouchine

Physics-based Augmented Reality for HepaticSurgery

In this paper we introduce a method for augmenting thelaparoscopic view during hepatic tumor resection. Usingaugmented reality techniques, vessels, tumors and cuttingplanes computed from pre-operative data can be overlaidonto the laparoscopic video. Compared to current tech-niques, which are limited to a rigid registration of the pre-operative liver anatomy with the intra-operative image, wepropose a real-time, physics-based, non-rigid registration.The main strength of our approach is that the deformablemodel can also be used to regularize the data extractedfrom the computer vision algorithms. We show prelimi-nary results on a video sequence which clearly highlightsthe need for deformable models in the registration process

Praneeth Sadda

Surgical Navigation with a Head-MountedTracking System and Display

We present the design of a self-contained head-mountedsurgical navigation system, which consists of an opticaltracking system and an optical see-through head-mounteddisplay (HMD). While the current prototype is bulky, weenvision a more compact solution via the eventual integra-tion of the tracking camera(s) into the HMD goggles. Afterencountering difficulties in accurately overlaying preopera-tive models onto the field of view, we adopted a simplerapproach of displaying a small “picture-in-picture” virtualview in the HMD. We believe this approach will providesuitable assistance for some image-guided procedures,such as tumor resection (when not using a microscope),while improving the ergonomics by reducing the need forthe surgeon to look away from the patient to view anexternal monitor. We report the results of some initialexperiments performed with this system, while preparingfor a more clinically realistic study.

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Cristian Linte

Toward Modeling of Radio-Frequency AblationLesions for Image-Guided Left Atrial FibrillationTherapy: Model Formulation and PreliminaryEvaluation

In the context of image-guided left atrial fibrillation therapy,very little has been done to consider the changes that occurin the tissue during ablation in order to monitor therapydelivery. Here we describe a technique to predict the lesionprogression and monitor the radio-frequency (RF) energydelivery via a thermal ablation model that uses heat transferprinciples to estimate the tissue temperature distributionand resulting lesion. A preliminary evaluation of the modelwas conducted in ex vivo beef skeletal muscle tissue whileemulating a clinically relevant tissue ablation protocol. Thepredicted temperature distribution within the tissue wasassessed against that measured directly using fiberoptictemperature probe and showed less than 5ºC agreementbetween the model-predicted and experimentally measuredtissue temperatures at prescribed locations. We believe thistechnique is capable of providing reasonably accurate rep-resentations of the tissue response to RF energy delivery.

Mohamed Hefny

The Aspherical Human Hip: Implication for EarlyOsteoarthritis

Abstract. One marker for early onset hip arthritis isfemoral acetabular impingement. The current standardtechnique of quantifying impingement is manual calcula-tion of anatomical measures on plane radiographs, includ-ing the alpha-angle. Those measurements are user-dependent and prone to error. We provided a robust com-putational alternative and proposed using numerical fittingof geometrical shapes. We applied least-squares fitting of anellipse to the femoral head contour and using the differ-ence between the ellipse axes as a quantification method.The results showed a good correlation between the newmeasure and previous definitions of the alpha-angle.

Lueder Kahrs

Virtual Exploration and Comparison of LinearMastoid Drilling Trajectories with True-ColorVolume Rendering and the Visible Ear Dataset

This paper provides instructions for a virtual explorationand self-study of surgical approaches within the temporalbone. Linear drilling trajectories in the sense of keyholeaccesses are compared with free true-color rendering tech-niques to introduce and evaluate new otologic approach-es. On the basis of free cyro-histology image data from atemporal bone six different drill canals are presented. Sucha virtual method could be a first step of investigation ofnew surgical approaches before moving to cadaver testing.

Visualization

Anand Santhanam

Multi-Scale Multi-Modal Image Integration forImage-Guided Clinical Interventions

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to enable a modelguided multi-scale and multi-modal image integration ofthe Magnetic Resonance and Optical CoherenceMicroscopy (OCM) imaging for the head and neck anato-my. The biomechanical model incorporates subject-spe-cific young’s modulus and shear modulus properties andis actuated using multiple kinect surface cameras. Twodifferent 3D tracking mechanisms are employed foraligning the patient surface and the probe position to theMRI data. The results show the accuracy of the twotracking algorithms and the 3D head and neck deforma-tion representing the multiple poses, the subject will takeduring the OCM imaging.

Yan-Jen Su

Gradient-Free Visualization with Multiple LightApproximations

The computation of gradient could be noisy or ill-defined that makes the rendering result of local shad-ing inaccurate. The current global solutions are eithertime-consuming or limited to single light source thatmay lead misinterpretation. This paper introduces agradient-free approach that can approximate multiplelighting effects. Using attenuation maps, our lightingmethod gets rid of the tricky normal estimationprocess and improves the spatial perception. In addi-tion, the proposed method can be extended to explo-rative models, ex. plane cutting and modified maxi-mum intensity projection (MPI), to get better insideview of medical images.

Angelos Barmpoutis

Automated Human Avatar Synthesis for ObesityControl using Low-Cost Depth Cameras

In this paper a framework is presented for monitoringshape changes on the human body with applications toobesity control. This framework uses a low-cost infrareddepth camera in order to capture the 3D shape of thehuman body and approximate it as a set of sphericalfunctions.


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Jedrzej Kowalczuk

Stereoscopic Vision-Based Robotic ManipulatorExtraction Method for Enhanced Soft TissueReconstruction

The availability of digital stereoscopic video feedback onsurgical robotic platforms allows for a variety of enhance-ments through the application of computer vision. Severalof these enhancements, such as augmented reality andsemi-automated surgery, benefit significantly from identifi-cation of the robotic manipulators within the field of view.A method is presented for the extraction of roboticmanipulators from stereoscopic views of the operatingfield that uses a combination of marker tracking,inverse kinematics, and computer rendering. Thismethod is shown to accurately identify the locations ofthe manipulators within the views. It is further demon-strated that this method can be used to enhance 3Dreconstruction of the operating field and produce aug-mented views.

Robotics

Naoki Suzuki

Formulation of Wire Control Mechanism forSurgical Robot to Create Virtual RealityEnvironment Aimed at Conducting Surgeryinside the Body

We here report on the process of developing a surgicalrobot that can conduct operation “going inside the bodywithout spreading the operational region”. The endoscop-ic robot that we are developing now has a flexible cylin-drical body with functions of a set of human arms at thetip and also with vision and haptic sense functions. Weevaluated necessary technology factor to complete thisrobot into categories such as, transmission of energy,adaptation to insides of the body.

Ilana Nisky

Kinematic Analysis of Motor Performance inRobot-Assisted Surgery: A Preliminary Study

The inherent dynamics of the master manipulator of ateleoperated robot-assisted surgery (RAS) system can affectthe movements of a human operator, in comparison withfree-space movements. To measure the effects of thesedynamics on human operators with differing levels of sur-gical expertise, a da Vinci Si system was instrumentedwith a custom surgeon grip fixture and magnetic posetrackers on the tip of the master manipulator and sur-geon’s arm. We compared users’ performance of canonicalmotor control movements – reach and reversal move-

ments – during teleoperation with the manipulator andfreehand cursor control. There were significant differencesbetween teleoperated and freehand movements in severalaspects of motion, including target acquisition error,movement speed, and acceleration. In addition, there waspreliminary evidence for differences between experts andnovices. These findings could impact robot design, con-trol, and training methods for RAS.

Modeling

Serban Pop

A Directed Particle System for OptimisedVisualization of Blood Flow in Complex Networks

This paper introduces a novel technique for the visualiza-tion of blood (or other fluid) flowing through a complex3D network of vessels. The Directed Particle System (DPS)approach is loosely based on the computer graphics con-cept of flocking agents. It has been developed and opti-mised to provide effective real time visualization and qual-itative simulation of fluid flow. There are many potentialapplications of DPS, and one example – a decision sup-port tool for coronary collateralization – is discussed.

Nobuhiko Mukai

Simulation of the Aortic Valve Deformation byConsidering Blood Flow Reflection

We have tried to simulate the aortic valve deformation byconsidering blood flow reflection. The aortic valve opensand closes following the blood flow caused by the pressuredifference. The aortic valve is elastic body while the bloodis fluid so that two different types of models for them areusually used; however, it is difficult to calculate the collisiondetection and the force calculation between two types ofdifferent models such as FEM (finite element model) andparticle model. Then, the both materials are modeled withparticles in our method so that the collision detection andthe force calculation between them can be performed withthe unified equations based on Navier-Stokes equation. Inaddition, by considering blood flow reflection at the end ofthe vessel, we have succeeded to simulate the deformationof the aortic valve and found that the blood flows different-ly according to the length of the aortic valve.

Woojin Ahn

Performance Optimization of Web-BasedMedical Simulation

This paper presents a technique for performance opti-mization of multimodal interactive web-based medical

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simulation. A web-based simulation framework is promis-ing for easy access and wide dissemination of medicalsimulation. However, the real-time performance of thesimulation highly depends on hardware capability on theclient side. Providing consistent simulation in differenthardware is critical for reliable medical simulation. Thispaper proposes a non-linear mixed integer programmingmodel to optimize the performance of visualization andphysics computation while considering hardware capabili-ty and application specific constraints. The optimizationmodel identifies and parameterizes the rendering andcomputing capabilities of the client hardware using anexploratory proxy code. The parameters are utilized todetermine the optimized simulation conditions includingtexture sizes, mesh sizes and canvas resolution. The testresults show that the optimization model not onlyachieves a desired frame per second but also resolvesvisual artifacts due to low performance hardware.

THURSDAY AfternoonTRACK B


Marc Cavazza

Towards Interactive Narrative Medicine

Interactive Storytelling technologies have attracted signifi-cant interest in the field of simulation and serious gamingfor their potential to provide a principled approach toimprove user engagement in training scenarios. In thispaper, we explore the use of Interactive Storytelling tosupport Narrative Medicine as a reflective practice. Wedescribe a workflow for the generation of virtual narra-tives from high-level descriptions of patients’ experiencesas perceived by physicians, which can help to objectivizesuch perceptions and support various forms of analysis.

Leah Plumley

Spatial Ability and Training in VirtualNeuroanatomy

The study of neuroanatomy can be quite challenging dueto a heavy reliance on 2D images and the intricate spatialrelationships of the internal structures of the brain. Theability to create a 3D mental representation of the anatom-ical information is related to both spatial ability and exten-sive training. This study uses a stereoscopically displayed3D brain to assess the relationship between spatial ability,

training, and the knowledge of neuroanatomy. Results sug-gest that the software could be used as a training tool forneurosurgery residents regardless of their spatial ability.

Jeffrey Cheung

The Use of Web-Based Learning for Simulation-Based Training of Central Venous Catheterizationin Novice Learner

Both simulation-based training and Web-based Learning(WBL) are increasingly used in medical education. Wedeveloped a Web-based learning course on “ObservationalPractice and Educational Networking” (OPEN), to aug-ment simulation-based training for central venous catheter-ization (CVC), a complex clinical skill, for novice learners.This pilot study aimed to firstly, understand the perspec-tives of novice learners on using WBL in preparation forsimulation-based training for a psychomotor skill and sec-ondly, to observe how learners use the OPEN coursewareto learn more about how to perform this skill.

Allen Andrade

Effects on Performance of Individual versusDyadic Practice during an Avatar-Based Three-Dimensional Virtual Home Safety Simulation

This pilot study tests the effects on individual performanceof dyadic versus individual practice in a 3D virtual world(VW) home safety assessment. Sixty medical students inthree conditions (dyadic spatially separated with pairedavatars DPA; individual with avatar IND; and dyadic spa-tially together with single avatar DSA) participated in ageriatric home safety simulation. The participants, viaavatars, conducted an assessment of physical hazards. Par-ticipants then worked individually in a separate 3D VWhome assessment. Dyadic practice, spatially together witha single avatar (DSA), improved individual performance inthe subsequent 3D VW home assessment

Marcus Schlickum

Surgical Novices with No Video Game TrainingExpress More Negative Opinions Towards TwoMinimal Invasive Surgical Simulators, MIST-VRand GI Mentor II, than Novices Attending FiveWeeks of Systematic Video Game Training

We investigated if engagement modes and perceived self-efficacy differed in surgical novices between two groupswho had trained in video games during five weeks, and acontrol group with no training. Scores for engagementmodes differed between the control group and the experi-mental groups. No statistically significant differences inself-efficacy were identified between groups. The control

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group expressed to a higher extent negative opinionstowards the MIST-VR and GI Mentor II. Both engagementmodes and self-efficacy showed a positive correlation withprevious and present video game experience. It is sug-gested that videogame training could have a framing effecton simulator performance, and that EM and SE might beimportant intermediate variables between the strength ofrelationship between current videogame experience andsimulator performance.

Simulation Design

Mark Ottensmeyer

Ocular Trauma Training Simulator: SystemDescription and Initial User Trials

Eye trauma in combat-related injuries can be devastat-ing. Body armor improvements increase survivabilityfrom many injuries, however the face remains relativelyunprotected. The number of physicians with significanteye trauma expertise is limited due to lack of teachingopportunities. A hybrid physical/virtual eye trauma sim-ulation system for surgical technique learning and evalu-ation is being developed. The current version includes amannequin head with replaceable eye trauma modulesand position/orientation-tracked instruments with clo-sure and force sensors. Path length and time data arecurrently calculated. A novel approach for segmentingsurgical gestures, based on the analysis of discrete sys-tem and environmental events, is under development totrack user performance. Subdivision of surgical proce-dures into tasks & sub-tasks may allow for the applica-tion of more accurate metrics to be provided in real-time together with appropriate guidance and feedback.A data collection trial was conducted during the annualOcular Trauma course at USUHS, in which 20 partici-pants’ performance in suturing full-thickness eyelid lac-erations was recorded. These data provide gesturesequence data to support development of thescoring/feedback system. Initial analysis of the perform-ance data is presented.

Xinqing Guo

A Portable Immersive Surgery Training SystemUsing RGB-D Sensors

Surgical training plays an important role in assisting resi-dents to develop critical skills. Providing effective surgicaltraining, however, remains as a challenging task. Existingvideotaped training instructions can only show imageryfrom a fixed viewpoint that lacks both depth perceptionand interactivity. We present a new portable immersivesurgical training system that is capable of acquiring and

displaying high fidelity 3D reconstructions of actual surgi-cal procedures. Our solution utilizes a set of MicrosoftKinect sensors to simultaneously recover the participants,the surgical environment, and the surgical scene itself. Wethen develop a space-time navigator to allow the traineesto witness and explore a prior procedure as if they werethere. Preliminary feedback from residents shows that oursystem is much more effective than conventional video-taped system.

Shahzad Rasool

Image-driven Haptic Simulation ofArthroscopic Surgery

Virtual haptic simulation of minimally invasive arthroscop-ic surgery becomes an extremely important training toolthat allows the medical students to acquire necessarymotor skills before they can approach actual patients. Nor-mally, 3D simulation of the interior of a joint requires sig-nificant efforts from the software developers but yetremains not always photo realistic. In this paper, we pro-pose a pioneering approach of using augmented realarthroscopic images for realistic and immersive image-driv-en visualization and haptic interaction within the surgicalfield as if it were real three-dimensional scene wherebody parts displayed in the image act and feel as real 3Dobjects rather than their images.

Haptics

Calvin Kwan

Simplifying Touch Data from Tri-Axial SensorsUsing a New Data Visualization Tool

Quantification and evaluation of palpation is a growingfield of research in medicine and engineering. A newlydeveloped tri-axial touch sensor has been designed tocapture a multi-dimensional profile of touch-loaded forces.We have developed a data visualization tool as a first stepin simplifying interpretation of touch for assessing hands-on clinical performance.

Jonas Forsslund

The Effect of Haptic Rendering Fidelity on TaskPerformance in Virtual Environments

Force and touch feedback, or haptics, plays a significantrole in the realism of virtual reality surgical simulation.While it is accepted that simulators providing haptic feed-back outperform those that do not, little is known about

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the degree of haptic fidelity required to achieve simulationobjectives. This article evaluates the effect different hapticrendering modes, in terms of the number of degrees-of-freedom of feedback, on task performance in a virtualenvironment. It was found that performance was signifi-cantly better with 6-DOF haptic rendering compared to 3-DOF point-based interaction, even if computed torqueswere not displayed to the user.

Regina Leung

Towards the Haptic Simulation of SurgicalGestures in Paediatric Orthopaedic Spine Surgery

The overall objective of the present work is to develop aproof of concept haptic simulator for paediatric spine sur-gery. In particular, the specific goal of this project was todevelop a haptic system that will simulate specific surgicalgestures and haptic sensations involved with the insertionof a pedicle screw. The first phase of this project focusedon the development of a custom haptic system. Hapticeffects were generated that resembled specific phases of asurgical gesture and tested with one experiencedOrthopaedic Spine Surgeon. Initial findings indicate prom-ise for the proposed system.

Skills Assessment

Elaine Cohen

Use of Simulation to Understand the Effects ofTask Complexity and Time Away on ClinicalConfidence

In prior studies, mannequin-based simulation training hasbeen used to help decrease student anxiety toward inti-mate clinical examinations. Using time away as an inde-pendent variable, the aim of this study was to assessdecay of clinical confidence for four procedural tasks thatvary in procedural complexity. Clinical confidence withintimate examinations, after a standardized mannequin-based simulation curriculum, decays over time. This decayis noted after two months of time away. Longer periods oftime away did not show increased differences.

Carolyn Chen

Crowd-Sourced Assessment of Technical Skill(C-SATS): Faculty Experts vs. Amazon.comMechanical Turk Project™ vs. Facebook™

We developed a crowd-sourced method (C-SATS) for eval-uating surgical performance. It may be used as a fast andinexpensive adjunct evaluation to the current expert sur-geon-driven OSATS method of objective skills assessment.

We discovered that crowd-sourced surgery-naïve gradersprovided assessments equivalent to trained expert surgeonevaluators, and at a faster rate.


Uno Fors

Face Validity of VIS-Ed: A Visualization Programfor Teaching Medical Students and Residents theBiomechanics of Cervical Spine Trauma

This RCT study aimed to investigate if VIS-Ed (Visualiza-tion through Imaging and Simulation - Education) had thepotential to improve medical student education and spe-cialist training in clinical diagnosis and treatment of trau-ma patients. The participants’ general opinion was report-ed as high in both groups (lecture vs. virtual patient (VP)).Face validity of the VIS-Ed for cervical spine trauma wasdemonstrated and the VP group reported higher stimula-tion and engagement compared to the lecture group. Nosignificant difference in the knowledge test between bothgroups could be observed, confirming our null hypothesisthat VIS-Ed was on par with a lecture.

Florence Sheehan

Echo Simulator with Novel Training andCompetency Testing Tools

We developed and validated an echo simulator with threenovel tools that facilitate training and enable quantitativeand objective measurement of psychomotor as well ascognitive skill. First, the trainee sees original patientimages that change in real time as the mock transducer ismanipulated on the mannequin. Second, the trainee isassisted in scanning by Visual Guidance, a tool that dis-plays the target organ in 3-dimensions (3D), the locationof the current view plane, and the plane of the anatomi-cally correct view. Third, we introduce Image Matching, atool that leverages the aptitude of the human brain forrecognizing similarities and differences to help traineeslearn to perform visual assessment of ultrasound images.Psychomotor competence is measured in terms of theview plane angle error. The construct validity of the simu-lator for competency testing was established by demon-strating its ability to discriminate novices vs. experts.

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Robert Sweet

Face, Content and Construct Validation ofHolographic Models for Human Organ Systems

The proposed use of the hologram is to use it for thetraining of medical students, healthcare professionals, andpatient education. This study was performed over 20 sub-jects (five each of ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neuro-surgery and cardiology), and evaluates the validity ofthese holographic models. Specifically, we were able todemonstrate the face, content and construct validity ofthese models. Despite a few limitations, the hologramshave the potential to be used as a training tool.

THURSDAY AfternoonTRACK C

Plasma Medicine

Kai Masur

Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Effects onCell Cycle Progression

The present study describes the biological effects inhuman cells involved in wound healing treated with coldatmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPs). Main focus is onthe influence of CAPs on the regulation of the cell cycleleading either to cell proliferation or the programmed celldeath - apoptosis. Different human cell lines involved inwound healing processes were investigated in order todetermine the maximal treatment duration without harmingthose cells. Treating the cells with plasma without affectingthe viability is depending on the ability of the cells to dealwith the plasma induced damages. We therefore investigat-ed the sensitivity of different cell lines to plasma treatmentwith focus on the progression of the cell cycle.

Magesh Thiyagarajan

Characterization of an Atmospheric PressurePlasma Jet and its Applications for Disinfectionand Cancer Treatment

Abstract. In this work an atmospheric pressure non-ther-mal resistive barrier (RB) plasma jet was constructed, char-acterized and was applied for biomedical applications.The RB plasma source can operate in both DC (battery) aswell as in standard 60/50 Hz low frequency AC excitation,and functions effectively in both direct and indirect plas-

ma exposure configurations. The characteristics of the RBplasma jet such as electrical properties, plasma gas tem-perature and nitric oxides concentration are determinedusing voltage-current characterization, optical emissionspectroscopy and gas analyzer diagnostic techniques. Dis-charge power is calculated from voltage-current characteri-zation and plasma power is 26.33 W. An optical emissionspectroscopy was applied and the gas temperature whichis equivalent to the nitrogen rotational (Trot) temperaturewas measured. The concentrations of the reactive oxygenspecies at different spatial distances from the tip of theplasma jet were measured and the ppm concentration ofNO is at the preferred level for a wide range of standardbiomedical treatment applications. The ppm values ofnitric oxides after the cooling unit are observed to be ofthe same order of magnitude as compared to plasma jet.The portable RBP source was tested to be very effectivefor decontamination and disinfection of a wide range offoodborne and opportunistic nosocomial pathogens suchas Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonasaeruginosa and Bacillus cereus and the preliminary resultsare presented. The effects of indirect exposure of theportable RBP source on monocytic leukemia cancer cells(THP-1) were also tested and the results demonstrate thata preference for apoptosis in plasma treated THP-1 cellsunder particular plasma parameters and dosage levels.

Thoulton Surgeon

Clinical Response of Chronic UlcerativeParadental Stomatitis and FelineGingivostomatitis to Gaseous Nitric OxidePlasma Therapy

Feline Gingivostomatitis and Chronic Ulcerative ParadentalStomatitis, plaque-reactive stomatitis, share some commonhistopathological characteristics and in addition respond insimilar fashion to partial or full mouth extraction. If theplaque biofilm associated with the presence of teeth in themouth is the primary etiologic basis of these diseases,then controlling that biofilm and managing the responseto it should dramatically reorder the reaction of thesespecies to the presence of said biofilm. The assumptionthat Exogenous Nitric Oxide Plasma (NO) is capable ofreducing the oral bacterial flora and also reorders theaberrant immune reaction to the plaque biofilm is thebasis of this investigation. The presentation will cover theuse of exogenous NO Plasma in treating these diseases.

Kristian Wende

Impact of Non-Thermal Atmospheric PressurePlasma on the Human Proteome

In this work non-thermal atmospheric pressure argon plas-ma treatment of human HaCaT skin cells is investigatedwith respect to plasma generated changes in the cellularproteome. Plasma treatment time and incubation time after

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plasma is varied. After cell lysis, total cellular protein isrecovered and analyzed by gel free proteomics using acoupling of liquid chromatography and high resolutionmass spectrometry. Depending on workup, about 6000human proteins are identified. Beside keratinocyte specificproteins, proteins of all compartments are discovered. Pro-tein expression varies significantly with treatment times andincubation after plasma treatment. Most changes in proteinquantities were found for proteins regulating the cell cycle,protein translation, and oxidative stress response.

Magesh Thiyagarajan

Regulated Cellular Exposure to Non-ThermalPlasma Allows Preferentially Directed Apoptosisin Acute Monocytic Leukemia Cells

This research investigated the modulation of cell deaththrough exposure of non-thermal resistive barrier basedindirect air plasma on monocytic leukemia cancer cells(THP-1). Specifically, we explored cell death throughapoptosis and necrosis, since generally apoptotic celldeath has a limited inflammatory response as compared tonecrosis. We have demonstrated a preference for apopto-sis in plasma treated THP-1 cells, under specific plasmacharacteristics and dosage levels, using fluorescent dyesconjugated with annexin V followed by identification ofthe cells through fluorescent microscopy and flow-cytome-try diagnostics. At much higher plasma dosages, thenecrotic morphologies in the THP-1 cells were observed.The presented variabilities in the death morphologies ofplasma treated THP-1 cells signify the need for furtherinvestigation on the cellular mechanisms induced by theindirect plasma exposure. The results obtained from thisresearch indicate the significant potential for the use of ourportable non-thermal resistive barrier based indirect plasmatreatment method as an inexpensive and less invasivemethod for treating leukemia and other cancerous lesions.

THURSDAY POSTERS_________________________________


Kapil Bajaj

Prototype Development of a Public HealthManagement System

The Integrated Health Management System (iHMS) is ahealth and wellness management kiosk that improveson current designs by decreasing manufacturing costsand adding new features not present in other commer-

cial kiosks. Our design lessens cost by manufacturing acheaper scale using strain gauge force transducers andadds a backend networked database so a user can cre-ate an account and save their checkup results, a featurenot found in most other kiosk designs. The decreasedcost of the scale makes manufacturing the kiosks cheap-er thus increasing possible deployment. Finally, thedatabase and network integration allows for easy longi-tudinal health tracking by a user.

Bryan Bergeron

Medical Modeling and Simulation, Simulatorsand Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Future orEvolutionary Dead End?

The medical modeling and simulation community has,for decades, followed the traditional paradigm of alter-ing the learner to fit the competency requirements ofspecific tasks and positions. Given the financial andcognitive backing of these efforts, why aren’t we thereyet? We believe that it is because we are applying newtechnologies to old paradigms. We are exploring meth-ods of lessening the burden of change through tech-nologies that leverage existing behaviors.

Sandrine de Ribaupierre

An Interactive Program to Conceptualize theAnatomy of the Internal Brainstem in 3D

Neuroanatomy is a complex sub-discipline of anatomyrequiring abstract visualization and strong spatial reason-ing. Traditional methods of learning neuroanatomyinclude investigation using dissection, light microscopyand histology. Often, this pedagogical approach requiresstudents to formulate three-dimensional (3D) mentalimages from sequential two-dimensional (2D) cross- sec-tions, which can be difficult for many students to con-ceptualize. The goal of this study is to develop an inter-active 3D learning tool of the internal brainstem anato-my and assess its efficacy on student learning againstthe classical methods of learning neuroanatomy. Resultsreveal that students the amount of learning was equalbetween both experimental groups. Qualitative resultsshow that students enjoyed interactive learning andwarmly welcomed the 3D program. Future neuroanato-my laboratories may include a 3D component to aid instudent conceptualization of internal brainstem anatomy.

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Ross Dworkin

Dissection of Competencies into Learning andExperiential Components for use inElectronic Competency System and PurposeDriven Education

The use of training records, experience and perform-ance data can aid an organization in its efforts tomaintain and enhance the skills of its employees.Coupling this information with job competencyrequirements can help an organization better fulfill itsmanpower requirements. For this project, we createdcompetency sets which defined each job as a set oftasks, each task as a series of skills, and for each skillwe identified training and certification. We alsoincluded core learning components associated witheach training initiative and identified relevant experi-ence and performance indicators. As a result ofgreater dissection of the competency definition toinclude core learning, we hope to generate individualtraining maps that will help to improve overall train-ing efforts, identify potential, merit and anticipatecompetency drift sooner.

Simulation Design

J. Cecil

Creation of a Virtual Environment forOrthopedic Surgery

This poster delineates a research initiative involvingthe creation of a virtual environment for orthopedicsurgery. This surgical environment will be useful ineducating and training medical residents intending tospecialize in orthopedic surgery. An interdisciplinaryteam of surgeons, engineers and computer scientists areinvolved in this project. The long term goal is to devel-op this environment and make it accessible fromremote locations using advanced cloud based technolo-gies. The Virtual Environment (VSE) is being developedusing Virtual Reality technology with a haptic interface.Information modeling techniques are used to obtain abetter understanding of the orthopedic surgical process.The core modules are under development using C++and Chai3D libraries. Unity software is also used to sim-ulate both non immersive and immersive componentsof the virtual environment.

Ellie Hawkinson

Pediatric Fluoroscopy Simulator as a Tool forDiagnosis of Malrotation and Volvulus

A common application of pediatric fluoroscopy is diag-nosis of malrotation and volvulus. The only way to learnhow to diagnose malrotation and volvulus is throughreading x-ray images. The goal of this project is to builda simulator that allows pediatric residents to practice theprocess of diagnosis through the use of pediatric fluo-roscopy. Instead of reading images, the model allowsresidents to walk through the x-ray process and showsclinical images on a computer screen at different timesduring a real case when the board is rotated at variousangles, which are used for diagnosis.

Bill Kapralos

Z-DOC: A Serious Game for Z-PlastyProcedure Training

We present Z-DOC, a (prototype) serious game for train-ing plastic surgery residents the steps comprising the Z-plasty surgical procedure. Z-DOC employs touch-basedinteractions and promotes competition amongst multipleplayers/users thus promote engagement and motivation.It is hypothesized that by learning the Z-plasty proce-dure in an interactive, engaging, and fun gaming envi-ronment, trainees will have a much better understandingof the procedure than by traditional learning modalities.

Brian Moriarty

Utilizing Depth Based Sensors and CustomizableSoftware Frameworks for Immersive MedicalTraining Applications

Designing a participatory educational experience whereusers are able to actively interface and experiencegiven subject matter in a practical experiential mannercan enhance the user’s ability to learn and retain pre-sented information. By using depth sensor cameras andhighly customizable software development frameworksin conjunction with artificial intelligence methodologies,subjects such as undergraduate STEM education, profes-sional and military training simulation, and individually-tailored cultural and media arts immersion can be easilytaught in a more engaging manner. This paper will dis-cuss progress on the development of environments forimmersive educational methods for medical and othereducational and training applications in conjunctionwith artificial intelligent systems that have the ability toadjust the educational user experience based on indi-vidual user identification.

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Joseph Samosky

Enhancing Medical Device Training with HybridPhysical-Virtual Simulators: Smart Peripheralsfor Virtual Devices

We introduce a novel platform for medical device train-ing: hybrid physical-virtual simulators of medicaldevices, combining touchscreen-enabled virtual emula-tions of real devices with sensorized physical peripher-als to enable tactile, hands-on interaction between thetrainee, simulated device and standardized patients ormannequins. The system enables objective measurementand recording of trainee performance, including interac-tions with both the virtual device elements and thephysical components, and can include metrics and feed-back not available in the real device. The system alsoincludes an integrated wireless signaling device for usewith standardized patients. We present the implementa-tion of an example system, a virtual defibrillator withsensorized paddles and wireless signaling of successfuldefibrillator operation.

Yunhe Shen

Anatomy Software of UrologicPathophysiological Conditions and Proceduresfor Patient Education

Patient education tools are an important enhancementfor clinical visits. Inadequate patient education toolsmay lead to poor decision-making, lack of informedconsent, negative perceptions of the experience andavoidable health care costs. Our group has developeda software application for the Apple iPad that consistsof interactive 3D models that allow for real-time,direct manipulation of anatomically and physiological-ly accurate 3D models. This system has been deployedin the Urologic Clinic at the University of Minnesotafor pilot testing.

Sakti Srivastava

Augmented Reality on Mobile Devices: Changingthe Paradigm of Anatomical Education

Traditional anatomy instruction has been supplementedin recent times with a variety of digital learningresources. We describe a novel method using augment-ed reality that combines physical and virtual anatomicalspecimens to produce a hybrid educational experience.Our approach results in an inexpensive and user-friend-ly application that can be easily disseminated widely onmobile devices.

Weiming Wang

An Interactive Web-based Anatomy NavigationSystem via WebGL and Kinect

This paper presents an interactive web-based cross-sec-tional anatomy navigation system based on high-resolu-tion Chinese Visible Human (CVH) dataset. By takingadvantages of web-based service, users from differentlocations can simultaneously access our system to learngross anatomy of human body. Compared with previousweb-based anatomy learning systems, the proposed sys-tem has three new features. First, we exploit the recent-ly released WebGL API, which supports to directlyaccess the graphic processing units (GPUs) frombrowsers, to achieve real-time rendering of complexgeometry models and high-resolution cross-sectionalanatomical images on the web. In addition, a modifieddepth peeling algorithm is implemented to visualizehuman body with translucent effects on the web. Second,to facilitate user-system interaction, the Microsoft Kinect isincorporated into our navigation system and users cannavigate the Visible Human with their hand gestures.Third, in order to eliminate the unreliable bottleneck: net-work transmission, we adopt a coarse-to-fine strategy totransmit the rendering results from server to the clientsprogressively. Preliminary experiments demonstrate thefeasibility of the proposed navigation system and its greatpotential for anatomy teaching and learning.


Jeffrey Cheung

Web-Based Learning and Computer SupportedCollaborative Learning for Psychomotor SkillAcquisition: Perspectives of MedicalUndergraduate Students

There is a lack of evidence for the use of Web-basedLearning (WBL) and Computer Supported CollaborativeLearning (CSCL) for acquiring psychomotor skills inmedical education. In this study, we surveyed medicalundergraduate students attending a simulation basedtraining session for central line insertion on their per-spectives and utilization of WBL and CSCL for acquisi-tion of a complex medical technical skill.


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Johan Creutzfeldt

Learning by Avatars: A Qualitative Study of UserExperiences During Multiplayer Virtual WorldTraining of CPR

Medical students’ experiences of scenario based multi-player virtual world CPR team training are describedbased on qualitative analysis of focus group interviews.Four categories arose: Focused mental training, Theinterface overrides focus of training, Benefits of practic-ing in a group and Easy to lose focus when getting pas-sive. The results to some extent support the existingframework of the benefits of MVW as serious gametechnology, but bring forward new aspects important forfuture development and implementation.

Alan Detton

Formative Evaluation of the VirtualDissection Table

The gold standard method for teaching and learningHuman Anatomy includes lectures, followed by studentdissection of human cadavers, supplemented by text-books with two-dimensional (2D) images, diagrams andphotographs. In recent years digital media depicting thecomplex, three-dimensional (3D) spatial relationshipswithin the body have become available, and in someresources even anatomical variations and abnormalitiesare highlighted. We describe a novel technology, theVirtual Dissection Table (VDT), and the student per-ceived usefulness of this innovative device as a compo-nent of our curriculum. We believe these new learningtechnologies will have a major impact on the wayAnatomy is taught and learned in the future, and hopeto demonstrate a method in which the implementationof novel resources and technologies may be moreappropriately implemented through student feedback.

David Rojas

Perceptions of the Roles of Social Networkingin Simulation Augmented Medical Educationand Training

Simulation-augmented education and training (SAET) isan expensive educational tool that may be facilitatedthrough social networking technologies or ComputerSupported Collaborative Learning (CSCL). This studyexamined the perceptions of medical undergraduatesparticipating in SAET for knot tying skills to identify per-ceptions and barriers to implementation of social net-working technologies within a broader medical educa-tion curriculum. The majority of participants (89%)found CSCL aided their learning of the technical skilland identified privacy and accessibility as major barriersto the tools implementation.


Rabin Gerrah

In Vivo Quantification of Clot Formation inExtracorporeal Circuits

Clot formation is a common complication in extracorpo-real circuits. In this paper we describe a novel methodfor clot formation analysis using image processing. Weassembled a closed extracorporeal circuit and circulatedblood at varying speeds. Blood filters were placed indownstream of the flow, and clotting agents were addedto the circuit. Digital images of the filter were subse-quently taken, and image analysis was applied to calcu-late the density of the clot. Our results show a signifi-cant correlation between the cumulative size of theclots, the density measure of the clot based on imageanalysis, and flow duration in the system.

Chris Hughes

3D Measuring Tool for EstimatingFemoroacetabular Impingement

Osteoarthritis of the hip is commonly caused by therepetitive contact between abnormal skeletal promi-nences between the anterosuperior femoral head-neckjunction and the rim of the acetabular socket. Currentmethods for estimating femoroacetabular impingementby analyzing the sphericity of the femoral head requiremanual measurements which are both inaccurate andopen to interpretation. In this research we provide aprototype software tool for improving this estimation.

Taeho Jang

A Novel Registration Method for Robotic KneeSurgery Using Patient Specific Registration guide

In total knee arthroplasty, registering process is essentialto locate the pre-determined cutting bone area by calcu-lating position and posture of femur and tibia toincrease the accuracy in total knee arthroplasty. In thispaper, we suggest the patient specific registration guidewhich can reduce registration process time and effortsdrastically and also enable real time tracking possibilitywithout accuracy loss. To verify registration guide’s pre-cision and accuracy, digitizer and linear motion genera-tor were used. The registration error of the proposedmethod was 0.016mm.

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Youngjun Kim

Optimized Marker for Template-GuidedIntraoral Surgery

Template-guided intraoral surgery is attracting interestdue to its accuracy and convenience. Usually, fiducialmarkers are used for registration of the different modelcoordinates for patients or plaster and fabrication coor-dinates in template-guided dental surgery. The accuracyof markers is important because it is directly related tothe accuracy of the template-guide, which ultimatelyaffects the success of surgical results. In this paper, wepresent the methods of determining optimal markerparameters such as size, shape, and material. We havedefined parameters that could potentially influence theaccuracy of markers and tested them with various valuesfor each parameter. Experiments were performed tomeasure repeatability, and we tested accuracy and mini-mized potential error by comparing the actual and calcu-lated dimensions. As a result, the following optimal mark-er parameters were identified: 3-mm diameter, positivelytapered cylindrical shape, and titanium composition.

Marko Kostic

Development of a Novel Portable Multi-channelNear Infrared Spectroscopy System

A novel light-weight multi-channel multi-wavelengthultra-low power near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) sys-tem was designed and tested. The NIRS system wasdesigned for clinical use and it emits low power red andnear infrared (NIR) light into human tissue and acquires,records, and displays reflected light from chromophoresat various tissue depths. The chromophores of interestinclude oxygenated (HbO2) and deoxygenated (Hb)hemoglobin, melanin, fat, water, and lipids. In thispaper, results of initial functional tests of the system arepresented. Potential clinical applications of the NIRS sys-tem include long-term non-invasive monitoring of func-tional activity in tissues, oxygen consumption in skeletalmuscles, and tissue blood perfusion.

Nigel Parsad

Advanced and Collaborative Visualization Usagein Medical Practice

3D visualization tools are commonly found in propri-etary Enterprise Medical Imaging Informatics systems.Nevertheless, this and other medical visualization typescontinue to be intensely researched, as to maximize theirpotential clinical application. In order to obtain the cur-rent state of medical visualization usage in surgical prac-tice, we surveyed attending surgeons from four majoracademic research centers in the Chicago area. Resultsshow that 3D visualization is used for different reasons.

Its usage for collaborations with other clinicians hap-pened primarily locally (e.g. daily radiological confer-ences). Stereoscopic visualization and the remote collab-oration tools that use tele-visualization technologies arenot commonly utilized perhaps due to a lack of availabil-ity. The survey suggests however that surgeons desireadvanced visualization tools for future clinical use.

Marlen Schleusener

Planning and Simulation of Total HipArthroplasty: Evaluation of Traditional versesComputerized Methods

Preoperative simulations of total hip arthroplasty arecommonly performed for quality insurance as well as alegal backup. This paper presents a comparison study inregard to the accuracy of the two common methods,manual and computerized planing, based on 322 cases.

Geoffrey Tien

Identifying Eye Gaze Mismatch duringLaparoscopic Surgery

During a laparoscopic operation, the surgical teamshould have a common understanding of the actionplan which can be aided by focusing on the same surgi-cal site. We show how measuring the overlap betweentwo spatially and temporally aligned gaze recordingscan be used to identify periods during which the pri-mary operator and assistant were focused on differentareas of the surgical display.

Visualization

Karl-Hans Englmeier

Heterogeneity Analysis of Breast Tumors inPerfusion DCE-MRI Datasets for TherapyMonitoring

The signal curves in perfusion dynamic contrastenhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) of breast tumors give us valu-able information about tumor angiogenesis. Pathologicalstudies show that breast tumors consist of different sub-regions with more homogeneous properties during theirgrowth. Differences should be identifiable in DCE-MRIsignal curves if the characteristics of these subregionsare related to the perfusion and angiogenesis. We intro-duce a new similarity measure which takes the patternof the signal curves into account. The new similaritymeasure (SM) compares how parallel wash out phases


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of two curves are. To distinguish the starting point ofthe wash-out phase, a linear regression method is par-tially fitted to the curves. In the next step, the minimumsignal value of the wash-out phase is set to zero. SM isthe Euclidean distance between zero-min wash-out partsof the curves. The further parameters of clustering areestimated automatically from dataset. The introducedmethod is evaluated on 15 DCE-MRI breast datasets ofdifferent kinds of tumors. We compared our similaritymeasure with three widely used similarity measures:Euclidean distance, correlation coefficient and cosinemeasure. The evaluation shows a significantly betterperformance of the new similarity measure among allfour similarity measures. Clustering results show howmany different signal curves are present in a tumor. Inthe monitoring of tumor during the therapy the result ofclustering can be used to compare the current state ofthe tumor with previous states.

Luis Kabongo

Gradient based Volume Visual Attention Maps inRay Casting Rendering

This paper presents a method to naturally enhance spa-tial regions in ray casting volume rendering using a spa-tial importance measure inferred from the user’s visualattention focus. This work presents three improvementsover a former work of the author on Volume VisualAttention Maps in Ray-Casting rendering. These contri-butions are: a more accurate and realistic volume visualattention map definition, a watershed pre-segmentationguided visualization enhancement and the use of ageneric two-dimensional transfer functions combinedwith the importance measure as opposed to the one-dimensional functions used in the previous work.

Sergei Kurenov

Developing a Medical Visualization and SurgeryPlanning Application with .NET Framework

This paper demonstrates that choosing the Microsoft.NET framework combined with free open source toolsand libraries that work with the framework to develop amedical visualization and surgery planning application isthe right decision for a small development team workingwith a tight budget under time constraints. C# is themain programming language used for coding the appli-cation. Activiz (VTK) is used for visualizing a patient’sDICOM images and associated data.

Jurgen Schulze

Visualization of Three-Dimensional Ultra-HighResolution OCT in Virtual Reality

Three-dimensional reconstruction of optical coherencetomography (OCT) images is a modern technique thathelps interpret the images and understand the underly-ing disease. However, the 3D reconstruction displayedon commercial devices is of limited quality: images areshown on 2D screens and it is difficult or impossible toadjust the view point and capture the data set from ameaningful perspective. We did a preliminary study toevaluate applicability of a novel, 3D TV-based virtual real-ity system and interactive volume rendering software toclinical diagnostics and research and present a workflow,which can incorporate virtual reality technology at vari-ous levels of immersion into the daily medical practice.

Barthélemy Serres

Brain Virtual Dissection and White Matter 3DVisualization

This paper presents a visualization tool for dissectedbrain white matter fiber bundles. Each step of a progres-sive anatomical dissection of human brain hemisphere isacquired using a high resolution 3D laser scanner andby a photographic device. Each resulting surface is tex-tured with the high resolution image and is registeredinside the corresponding MR T1-weighted volumedataset. Each produced large and dense triangle surfacesis interactively selectable. Selection is user-labeled toidentify specific fiber bundle parts. Extracted fiber bun-dles are stacked and rendered inside the MR volume tobe visualized into context using stereoscopic displays.

Plasma Medicine

Annemarie Barton

Comparison of Apoptosis in a Skin and SkinCancer Cell Line After Non-Thermal PlasmaExposure

Atmospheric pressure plasma is partially ionized gaswith a huge number of reactive components like reac-tive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species(RNS) and UV radiation. It is well known that plasmahas for example stimulating, proliferating or apoptoticeffects on eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. For this rea-son plasma has an enormous potential as a biomedicaltool for wound healing. This study compares an epithe-lial-skin cell line (HaCaT) with a skin cancer cell line(MV3) for late apoptosis after plasma treatment. Caspase-

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3 as late apoptotic signal was detected after activation ofapoptosis using flow cytometry analysis. This measure-ment revealed that the used cancer cells are more sensi-tive to plasma treatment and have an increased percent-age of late apoptotic cells, whereas the normal skin cellshad only a small increase of apoptotic cells.

Lena Bundscherer

Viability After Plasma Treatment of ‘ex vivo’Leucocytes Compared with their RespectiveCell Lines

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas havebecome a promising field of investigation in medicine inthe past decade. Besides its antibacterial effect, itspotentially beneficial role in treatment of pathologicalskin and wounds is in focus of multiple internationalinvestigations. Since immune cells contribute significant-ly in wound healing, we compared survival after plasmatreatment of two human leucocyte cell lines with theirhuman ex vivo counterparts. Measurements of apoptosisand necrosis suggest higher susceptibility of cellsderived from human blood.


Mary Barak-Bernhagen

Airway Management in Unusual Environments

Critically injured patients are often found in unusualpositions and environments which can hinder the firstresponder’s access to render necessary care. This workdescribes the use of the videolaryngoscope in airwaymanagement of the critically injured patient underunusual conditions.

Ben Boedeker

A Demonstration of the Storz C-CAM inEndoscopic Imagery Projection for Far ForwardBattlefield Telemetric Support

The projection of high quality imagery to far forwardlocations is essential for health care practitioners in theprovision of telemedicine. The novel Storz C-CAM wasdeveloped to interface with existing endoscopy equip-ment to facilitate implementation of telemetric devices inremote locations. This work describes the use of the C-CAM in providing anesthesia and surgical support tomedical providers located at distant sites.

Gail Kuper

Endotracheal Intubation with a TraditionalVideolaryngoscope Blade versus an IntegratedSuction Blade in a Hemorrhagic AirwayCadaver Model

Lightly embalmed hemorrhagic cadaver models and theStorz CMAC videolaryngoscope fitted with either anintegrated suction blade vs. a traditional blade wereused to determine efficacy of the instruments in hemor-rhagic airway intubation. Significant differences werefound between the devices in intubation success rates ofthe viscosity saliva and frothy blood models, as well asa significant difference in intubation times in the frothyblood model. Feedback provided by the study partici-pants indicated preference for the integrated video suc-tion blade in hemorrhagic airway intubation.

Ismatt Niazi

The Development of a Dental Hygiene TrainingToolkit to Support a Special Operations MilitaryAssistance Program in Afghanistan

NATO Special Operations Forces conduct medical oper-ations called “MEDSEMs” to share culturally relevantmedical knowledge with a specific indigenous popula-tion. These operations are based upon a “train the train-er” concept. In this work, we describe a dental hygienetoolkit designed specifically to augment a MEDSEMactivity in Afghanistan.

Thomas Nicholas

Using the Intubating Laryngeal Tube in aManikin – User Evaluation of a New Airway Device

This work describes the use of a new intubation device,the intubating laryngeal tube (iLTA) as developed byBoedeker. Emergency Department residents and stafffrom the University of Nebraska Medical Center per-formed intubations using the Laerdal Difficult AirwayTrainer Manikin™. The participants’ perceived value ofthe intubating laryngeal tube as well as its efficacy inintubation performance were measured and found to behighly favorable.

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FRIDAY, February 22PLENARY SESSION

Dave Warner

Ultra Perceptual Medicine - Imaging ComplexMedical Knowledge through a High ResolutionHyper-Dimensional Medical Infoscope

For the past 20 years, the MMVR community hasembraced several emerging technologies and guidedthem to evolve from their science fiction roots tobecome commonly used tools in medicine. Currently,increases in both the volume and velocity of informationcreation necessitate the development of new tools toextend human perception to aid our efforts to under-stand and exploit this information in medically meaning-ful ways. In the spirit of embracing new ideas foraddressing challenging problems, the concept of ultraperceptual medicine will be introduced. Preliminaryefforts using a high resolution hyperdimensional medicalinfoscope, designed to enable perceptualization of com-plexity and trans-discipline knowledge fusion, will beshared and discussed.

Alexander Tsiaras

It is Story that can Give a Soul to Data

Compliance is presently the imperative word in healthand wellness. Doctors and pharmaceutical companiesare trying to get their patients to comply with their med-ications, nutritionists are trying to get their customers tocomply with their diets, physical trainers are trying toget their clients to comply with their exercise programs.To date, most available programs have been unsuccess-ful in trying to obligate individuals to comply with dis-ease management or wellness programs.

Alternatively, Alexander Tsiaras and TheVisualMD areusing storytelling and biological visualizations to simpli-fy and make clear people's health and the consequencesof their conditions—inspiring them to comply throughthe use of their scientifically accurate visualizations,compelling and interactive stories, and uniquely personalwellness tools that empower every individual to interac-tively map and manage their journey back to health.The suite of TheVisualMD's new stories and tools tar-geting the prevention and reversal of all lifestyle relateddiseases will be presented for the first time at theMMVR conference.

Gabor Forgacs

Lab-Made “Natural” Biomaterials forConsumption

We introduce a novel automated rapid prototypingmethod that allows the engineering of fully biologicalthree-dimensional custom-shaped tissue and organ mod-ules. In this technology bio-ink units (multicellularaggregates) composed of single or several cell typestogether with supporting material are delivered by spe-cial printers. Printing of the bio-ink units (controlled byarchitectural software) is carried out according to adesign template, consistent with the geometry and com-position of the desired biological module. Structure for-mation occurs by post-printing self-assembly processesof the discrete bio-ink units akin to those utilized inearly embryonic morphogenesis. We demonstrate themedical use of this tissue and organ engineering tech-nology by the constructions of vascular and nerve grafts,as well as tissue constructs for drug testing. As the tech-nology allows building complex functional biologicalstructures, we illustrate how it has the potential to bethe “key to eternal life” and to reduce humanity’s dam-aging imprint on the environment.

Joyce Cutler-Shaw and Jacopo Annese

What Comes To Mind: The Artistic Process,Neuroesthetics and The Brain Observatory

Neuroesthetics is a multi-disciplinary field that is con-ceived with the neural bases for the contemplation andcreation of a work of art. Empirical approaches usingfunctional and structural neuroimaging attempt to mapthe circuitry involved in the appreciation of art as wellas artistic activity. The conversation between the artistand the anatomist about the artist's intent, when cou-pled with viewing her anatomical drawings, reveals anintriguing intellectual and neurobiological topography ofart. It is one that involves not only the visual cortex, butalso the frontal lobes and other brain areas that are typi-cally involved with problem solving.

Steven Schwaitzberg

Driving Technology Towards Unmet Needs

Healthcare economics is in crisis! This is the battle cry ofthe early 21st century. Unlike certain markets whichseemed to have no upside limit, the healthcare pie isand will be constrained for the foreseeable future. Whatwill this means for technological innovation? Whereshould innovators focus their efforts?

During the remainder of this decade in healthcare we

Friday’s Presentation Summaries

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must balance the investment tension between disruptivetechnology and definable unmet need, either of whichstands as a counterpoint to simple bells and whistles.

The crossing of the medical "chasm" will require a care-ful analysis of real value in order to bring new tech-nologies from the visionaries and early adoptors into themain stream. The arrival of disruptive technologies ishard to predict, but in the meantime unmet needs sur-round us everywhere. Technology innovators shouldinventory and prioritize the unmet needs and focus onthose where the creation of financial headroom can berealized allowing for both initial investment and sustain-ability in the market.

FRIDAY AfternoonTRACK A


Peter Pidcoe

The Development of a Robotic Device to AssistProne Locomotion in Infants with Disabilities

Robotic assist devices are not new in the realm of reha-bilitative medicine, but devices for the use with pediatricand infant populations are lacking. Early childhooddevelopment literature indicates that cognitive andmotor development are inter-related. As a result, dis-eases and disorders that result in motor delay oftencorrelate with delayed cognitive development as well.Recent theories of brain plasticity in children alsoprovide a compelling argument for the developmentof interventions that take advantage, not only of earlyspontaneous mobility, but also of the experience-expectant and experience-dependent characteristics oflearning and skill acquisition. This paper describesthe development and testing of a locomotion assistdevice termed the SIPPC (Self-Initiated Prone Progres-sive Crawler).

Aniket Nagle

Virtual Reality Aided Training of Combined Armand Leg Movements of Children with CP

Cerebral palsy (CP) occurs in over 2 out of 1000 livebirths and can impair motor control and cognition. Ourgoal was to create a robotic rehabilitation environmentthat mimics real-life situations by allowing simultaneousexercise of upper and lower limbs. We chose to use the

Lokomat as a gait robot and added a novel removablearm robot, called PASCAL, that was integrated into theLokomat environment. We also added a virtual reality(VR) environment that enables the subject to performmotivating game-like scenarios incorporating combinedarm and leg movements. In this paper we summarizethe design of PASCAL and present the novel virtual envi-ronment including first experimental results. The nextstep will be to test whether a combined application ofthe virtual environment and the two simultaneouslyworking robots is feasible in healthy participants, andfinally to clinically evaluate the entire system on chil-dren with CP.

Gregorij Kurillo

Upper Extremity Reachable WorkspaceEvaluation with Kinect

We propose a novel low-cost method for quantitativeassessment of upper extremity workspace envelopeusing Microsoft Kinect camera. In clinical environmentthere are currently no practical and cost-effective meth-ods available to provide arm-function evaluation inthree-dimensional space. In this paper we examine theaccuracy of the proposed technique for workspace esti-mation using Kinect in comparison with a motion cap-ture system. The experimental results show that thedeveloped system is capable of capturing the workspacewith sufficient accuracy and robustness.

Hossein Mousavi Hondori

A Spatial Augmented Reality Rehab System forPost-Stroke Hand Rehabilitation

This paper features a Spatial Augmented Reality systemfor rehabilitation of hand and arm movement. The table-top home-based system tracks subject’s hand and cre-ates a virtual audio-visual interface for performing tasksthat involve wrist, elbow, and shoulder movements. Itmeasures range, speed, and smoothness of move-ments locally and can send the real-time photos anddata to the clinic for further assessment. To evaluatethe system, it was tested on two normal subjects andproved functional.

Daria Tsoupikova

Virtual Reality Environment Assisting Post StrokeHand Rehabilitation: Case Report

We describe a novel art-empowered Virtual Reality (VR)system designed for hand rehabilitation therapy follow-ing stroke. The system was developed by an interdisci-plinary team of engineers, art therapists, occupational

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therapists, and VR artist to improve patient's motivationand engagement. We describe system design, develop-ment, and user testing for efficiency, subject's satisfac-tion and clinical feasibility. We report initial results fol-lowing use of the system on the first 2 subjects from theongoing clinical efficiency trials as measured by stan-dard clinical tests for upper extremity function. Thesecases demonstrate that the system is operational and canfacilitate therapy for post stroke patients with upperextremity impairment.


Albert “Skip” Rizzo

User-State Sensing to Enhance InteractionFidelity with Virtual Human Agents and asDecision Support for TeleHealth Application

It has long been recognized that facial expressions,body gestures and vocal prosody play an important rolein human communication and signaling. Recentadvances in low cost computer vision and sensing tech-nologies can now be applied to the process of sensingand inferring user state for a variety of purposes. Effec-tive use of this additive information could serve toenhance human interaction with virtual human (VH)agents and for improving engagement inTelehealth/Teletherapy approaches between remotepatients and care providers. This MMVR submission willfocus on our current research in these areas within theDARPA-funded “Detection and Computational Analysisof Psychological Signals” project, with specific attentionto our SimSensei and TeleCoach application use cases.

Andrea Gaggioli

From Mobile Health to Mobile Well-being:Opportunities and Challenges

There is no doubt that mobile technologies are changingthe way individuals interact with health. A growingnumber of mobile applications and services is beingdeveloped that assist users in keeping healthy lifestyleand monitor their everyday behaviours. Further, the pos-sibility of connecting smartphones with various types ofsensors is enabling new opportunities for monitoringand promoting mental and physical wellbeing. The goalof this contribution is to describe the state-of-the art inthe field of mobile healthcare (or mHealth), focusing inparticular on mobile mental health applications. First, Ipresent the key technological trends driving the devel-opment of mHealth. Next, I examine the most importantconceptual and methodological issues associated withthe design and evaluation of mobile applications inmental health. Finally, I present our latest research on

the implementation of a mobile application for stressmonitoring and management, and discuss some openresearch and development challenges associated withthe emergence of mobile wellbeing.

Ariana Anderson

Reducing Clinical Trial Costs by Detecting andMeasuring the Placebo Effect and TreatmentEffects using Brain Imaging

Although the placebo effect is known to have a strongimpact on the outcomes of clinical trials, methods formeasuring it are limited to physiological observations.We propose a method of localizing, identifying andmeasuring placebo and treatment-induced networks inthe brain using functional neuroimaging. These meas-urements capture the psychological power of theseeffects, that can be used to measure within a single sub-ject simultaneously both the physiological and psycho-logical placebo and treatment effects. Analogous to thedifference between a paired and unpaired t-test, thisallows for a sharp gain in power and reduction in thesample sizes needed in clinical trials, potentially lead-ing to a drastically smaller sample sizes for establish-ing efficacy, a shorter time-to-market for a drug, and adrastic reduction in the cost of bringing new drugsinto the market.

Giuseppe Riva

From Self-Objectification to Obesity: TheAllocentric Lock Hypothesis and the VirtualReality Key to Improve Obesity Prevention andTreatment

The objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997)suggests that girls and women learn to adopt a self-objectified view of themselves as objects to be evaluatedon the basis of their appearance. More, this experienceis proposed to have a direct link with the health andwell being of female object. The presentation analyzesand discusses the objectification theory within the con-text of different prospective studies exploring the etiolo-gy of obesity in adolescents. On one side, it directlyconnects the objectification theory with the allocentriclock hypothesis, suggesting that obesity has asantecedent an allocentric (objective, from outside) nega-tive image of the body that is no more updated by theegocentric sensory input from perception. In otherwords, these patients are locked to an allocentric nega-tive representation of their body that their sensoryinputs are no more able to update even after a demand-ing diet and a significant weight loss. On the other side,it suggests a critical role of virtual reality in the preven-tion and treatment of this disorders. Finally, the freeNeuroVR software, that can be used to achieve this goal,is presented and demonstrated.

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Hunter Hoffman

Virtual Reality Pain Distraction: 21st CenturyPain Control

Civilian and military patients using high tech VirtualReality pain distraction systems typically report 35-50%reductions in how much pain they experience duringwound care/burn debridement, physical/occupationaltherapy burned skin stretching, and other painful med-ical procedures (e.g, dental/urological). In parallel, ana-log laboratory fMRI brain scan studies reveal largereductions in pain-related brain activity during VR,(reductions comparable to a moderate dose of hydro-morphone), providing converging physiological evi-dence that pain is reduced during VR distraction. Labo-ratory studies are exploring the mechanism of how VRreduces pain, and isolating factors that contribute to VRanalgesia. Future directions will be discussed.

Roger Xu

TPM: Cloud-based Tele-PTSD Monitor usingMulti-Dimensional Information

It is a challenge to perform accurate and timely psycho-logical assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD) symptoms. An automated system that is able toremotely and non-intrusively screen individuals at highrisk for PTSD and monitor their progress during treat-ment makes great strides in alleviating the barriers tocost-effective PTSD assessment and progress monitoring.To address this challenge, we present an automated,cloud-based Tele-PTSD Monitor (TPM) system based onthe fusion of multiple sources of information. The TPMsystem can be hosted in the cloud and accessed throughlandline or cell phones, or on the Internet through aweb portal or mobile application (app)

Mark Wiederhold

A Continuum of Care: Pre-Deployment Medicaland Tactical Stress Inoculation Training

Virtual Reality Medical Center (VRMC) uses advancedmedical technology to supply more realistic militarymedical training. VRMC conceptualized and developeda unique injury simulator as an adjunct to current com-bat medic training. This initial technology, called InjuryCreation Science (ICS), very realistically simulated anumber of battlefield injuries such as amputations, evis-cerations, blast injuries, punctures, and burns. Since theinitial prototypes, VRMC has now developed this tech-nology into wearable “part-task trainers” that simulateinjuries as well as allow combat medics to practice actu-al medical procedures common to the battlefield. Theprogression of these “trainers” has been under the guid-ance and partnership with the U.S. Army Research and

Engineering Command – Simulation and TechnologyTraining Center (RDECOM – STTC). The procedurescurrently available or under development include treat-ment of pneumothorax, hemoperitonium, and gunshotwounds to an artery. By integrating medical sciencewith cutting edge simulation and training technologies,realistic prosthetic tissue, wounds, and part task trainershave been developed for the training of trauma care cli-nicians. The next generation of Stress Inoculation Train-ing (SIT) includes the use of prosthetics developedbased on human anatomy and physiology, material sci-ence, and nanotechnology. Testing has revealed thatthese products are highly useful and reliable.

Brenda Wiederhold

A Continuum of Care: Post-DeploymentTreatment of Stress and Posttraumatic StressDisorder

In 2009, Virtual Reality Medical Center completed the 1strandomized controlled clinical trial using VR in combi-nation with physiology to treat those returning withPTSD. Prior to performing the randomized trial, we firstheld focus groups so that individuals could help guidethe design and development of the VR simulations.This had proven successful in our 17 years of experi-ence with the civilian population—having the develop-ers, clinicians and end users all working as a team inthe process. We then hired active duty and retired mili-tary mental health specialists (psychologists/psychia-trists) to do the treatment., which began with a pilotstudy prior to the randomized trial. For the study, wehad a 0 % dropout rate, and an overall 80% successrate (no longer meeting criteria for PTSD and gainfullyemployed in military or civilian sectors). The studies(pilot and randomized) were performed at Camp Pen-delton Marine Corps Base and Balboa Naval Hospital,and the systems are now in place at the Midwest VISNas part of standard clinical treatment, as well as inPoland, Croatia and Fallujah. Systems are now alsocapable of being ported across the internet, and a por-tion of our treatment for chronic pain and PTSD areworking on handhelds. In addition, stress manage-ment systems are being used on desktops, tablets, andsmartphones.


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FRIDAY AfternoonTRACK B


Roger Smith

Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery: OutcomesMeasures and Curriculum Development

To standardize the curriculum and certification of robot-ic surgeons, a series of consensus conferences havebeen used to compile the outcomes measures and cur-riculum that should form the basis for the Fundamentalsof Robotic Surgery (FRS) program. This has resulted inthe definition of 25 specific outcomes measures and thecreation of curriculum for teaching those via didacticlecture, psychomotor skills labs, and team training activi-ties. This work has been supported and/or reviewed bythe leading surgical societies involved in the use ofrobotic surgery.

Ka-Chun Siu

Examination of Muscle Effort and Fatigue duringVirtual and Actual Laparoscopic Surgical SkillsPractice

This study determined the muscle effort and fatigue ofthe upper extremity while performing fundamental sur-gical skills training tasks. Nine novices performed threetasks (precision cutting, needle passing, and peg trans-fer) using either a virtual simulator or a laparoscopicbox-trainer. Their electromyography (EMG) activities inboth proximal and distal parts of upper extremity weremeasured. Significantly more muscle efforts wererequired to complete tasks with the box-trainer, whereassimilar muscle fatigue levels between tasks were foundin both training environments. These EMG resultsdemonstrated how the VR trainer could provide mean-ingful physiological value to the surgeon training inlaparoscopic surgery.

Ganesh Sankaranarayanan

Objective Performance Measures Using MotionSensors on an Endoscopic Tool for EvaluatingSkills in Natural Orifice Translumenal EndoscopicSurgery (NOTES)

Abstract. Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgeryis an emerging procedure. High fidelity virtual reality-based simulators allow development of new surgical

procedures and tools and train medical personnel with-out risk to human patients. As part of a project fundedby the National Institutes of Health, we are developing aVirtual Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery Trainer(VTEST™) for this purpose. In this work, objective per-formance measures derived from motion tracking sen-sors attached to an endoscope was tested for the trans-gastric NOTES appendectomy procedure performed withex-vivo pig organs using the EASIE-RTM trainer box.Results from our study shows that both completion timeand economy of motion parameters were able to differ-entiate between expert and novice NOTES surgeonswith p value of 0.039 and 0.02 respectively. Jerk com-puted on sensor 2 data also showed significant results(p = 0.02). We plan to incorporate these objective per-formance measures in VTEST™.

Masato Ogata

Dynamic Measuring of Physical Properties forDeveloping a Sophisticated PreoperativeSurgical Simulator - How Much Reaction ForceShould the Surgical Simulator Represent forSurgeon?

Acquisition of physical quantity in surgery from a livingbody is an important and necessary step toward thedevelopment of sophisticated preoperative surgical sim-ulator, its validation and navigation. We have developedmultimodal measuring device that minimally interferesthe movement of surgeon. To evaluate the measuringdevice, we conducted the nephrectomy surgery usinglaboratory animal and acquired physical quantity suc-cessfully. From this experiment, we have acquired thefollowing preliminary result. The surgeon feels grippingforce of -3.5 to 4.4 N at the handle of the forceps fordissection operation. We assume that the data is not farfrom that of human.

Surgical Simulation Validation

Lars Enochsson

Simulator Training Improves Motivation andKnowledge in Case Specific Seminars. AProspective Randomized Study

Advanced medical simulator training improves technicalskills in laparoscopy and endoscopy but can it alsoimprove motivation and understanding in medical edu-cation. 38 medical students were randomized to a semi-nar about upper GI-bleeding with either integrated orsubsequent simulator training. Expectations and comput-er gaming experience before as well as evaluation aftertraining were assessed. The knowledge and value of

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simulator training exceeded expectations no matter ifintegrated with the seminar or not. Computer gamingexperience correlated positively to simulation perform-ance. Simulator training adds significant value to casespecific seminars.

Venkata Arikatla

Development and Validation of VBLaST-PT©: AVirtual Peg Transfer Simulator

Peg transfer is one of the five tasks in the Fundamentalsof Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS), which is now establishedas a standard for training minimally invasive surgery. Inthis paper we report development and preliminary vali-dation of Virtual Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer-pegtransfer (VBLaST-PT©) simulator. Face validation of theVBLaST-PT© with 34 subjects revealed high scores for allaspects of simulation. A two-tailed Mann-Whitney per-formed on the total scores on VBLaST-PT© showed sig-nificant (p=0.001) difference between the skill groups.

Ravikiran Singapogu

Validation of a Salient Skills Approach for HapticSkills Training for Laparoscopic Surgery

There are currently no validated methods for traininghaptic or force-based laparoscopic surgery skills. How-ever, addressing this skill set is imperative for surgicalskills education because most errors during surgery arecaused due to inappropriate application of force on tis-sues. This work presents a new, salient skills approachfor designing and testing a simulator for haptic skillstraining. Three salient skills—grasping, probing andsweeping— are proposed that require precise forceapplication, and novices with no previous laparoscopicexperience are trained on the simulator for force appli-cation. Results demonstrate the efficacy of the simulatorin training haptic laparoscopic surgical skills.

Dianne Pawluck

The Effect of a Navigational Aid on MinimallyInvasive Surgery Camera Task Training

Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) differs from OpenSurgery as surgeons view the surgical site indirectly on amonitor from a viewpoint uncollated with the surgeon’shands. This is one of the most difficult components ofMIS surgery. However, in contrast to airplane pilots, cur-rent training setups and Operating Room (OR) environ-ments for surgeons lack real-time visual aids , let aloneappropriate ones, to help with navigation and other per-ceptually difficult tasks. MIS thus requires longer trainingperiods, more practice and more mental effort to

achieve proficiency. The purpose of this research was todevelop and assess the use of graphical aids for improv-ing camera navigation training with a trainer box. Twoalternate training methods were conducted: 1) no graph-ics (control group) and 2) using one of three differenttypes of graphical aids describing spatial informationabout the laparoscope: (1) the xy position of the tip andthe direction of view, (2) the xy position of the tip andcamera orientation, and (3) a combination of both. Theeffectiveness of the training was evaluated for all condi-tions by comparing performance metrics across groupson a camera navigational testing task that did not useany visual aids.. It was observed that training using thegraphical aids significantly improved the performance ofparticipants in the MIS testing task.

FRIDAY POSTERS

Surgical Simulation Design

Woojin Ahn

Pattern Cutting Simulation in Virtual BasicLaparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaST-PC)

This paper presents the pattern cutting simulation in Vir-tual Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaST-PC©). Thegauze is modeled by mass-spring method and constraintprojection for stiff inextensible behavior. The simulationstate model efficiently manages the computationallyintensive simulation of the cooperative bimanual interac-tion in real-time.

Woojin Ahn

Ligating Loop Simulation in Virtual BasicLaparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaST-LL)

This paper presents the ligating loop simulation in Virtu-al Basic Laparoscopic Skill Trainer (VBLaST-LL©). Thefoam tubular object is modeled by skinning and mass-spring methods for robust and efficient simulation. Theinextensible behavior of the loop is achieved by thelength constraint projection. VBLaST-LL© provides realis-tic and robust simulation in real-time.

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Llyr ap Cenydd

VCath: A Tablet-based NeurosurgeryTraining Tool

VCath is a neurosurgery training tool for the catheteriza-tion of the lateral ventricle that has been designed foruse on tablet devices. We believe this is the first use ofa tablet (iPad) for this purpose and demonstrates futureutility for this approach, particularly for Objective Struc-tured Clinical Exams (OSCEs). This paper outlines theimplementation and use of VCath.

Lin Chen

Enhancing Fundamentals of LaparoscopicSurgery Trainer Box via Designing A Multi-Sensor Feedback System

The Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) Pro-gram aims at improving surgical education in minimally-invasive surgery via simulation-based training. The FLSTrainer Box has been commonly used in many hospitalsfor training resident surgeons. However, the basic FLSTrainer Box is mostly a passive platform that is unableto provide feedback to a trainee while she/he is practic-ing on the platform. This paper proposes a design toexpand the FLS box into an intelligent system that sup-ports real-time and offline feedback based on automatedanalysis of a trainee’s performance using data streamscaptured in the training process.

Saurabh Dargar

The Use of Rotational Optical Encoders for DialSensing in the Virtual Translumenal EndoscopicSurgical Trainer (VTEST™)

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery(NOTES) is a minimally invasive procedure, known forits scar-less nature and short post operative recoveryperiods. A critical skill necessary for a NOTES proce-dure is the surgeon’s ability to navigate and gain visu-alization of the target organ, which is done by movingthe endoscope tip using the dials on the handle. Wehave developed an accurate and high resolution opti-cal encoder based system to measure that dial manip-ulations, as part of a larger project to develop a VR-NOTES surgical simulator.

Saurabh Dargar

A Rigid Scope Haptic Hardware Interface for theVirtual Translumenal Endoscopic SurgicalTrainer(VTEST™)

NOTES cholecystectomy is a minimally invasive proce-dure for gall bladder removal, which is currently under-going multi-center clinical trials. We have built a novelhardware interface for the trans-vaginal cholecystectomyprocedure, as part of a project to build a NOTES virtualreality simulator. The system consists of a mechanizedgliding platform that relocates the Phantom Omni forcefeedback device in real-time, so as to allow for a greaterforce feedback workspace.

Saurabh Dargar

Microsoft Kinect Based Head Tracking for LifeSize Collaborative Surgical SimulationEnvironments (LS-CollaSSLE)

Virtual surgical skills trainers are proving to be very use-ful for the medical training community. With efforts toincrease patient safety and surgeon expertise, the needfor surgical skills trainers that provide training in anoperating room (OR) like condition is now more press-ing. To allow for virtual surgery simulators to beinstructed in an OR-like setting we have created a largedisplay based immersive surgical simulation environ-ment. Using the Microsoft Kinect we have created areal-time simulation environment that tracks the test userand appropriately adjust the perspective of the virtualOR for an immersive virtual experience.

Lauren Davis

Design and Development of a NovelThoracoscopic Tracheoesophageal FistulaRepair Simulator

Thoracoscopic repair of esophageal atresia with tra-cheoesophageal fistula (EA/TEF) is a technically chal-lenging surgical procedure. This congenital anomaly israre; therefore, training opportunities for surgicaltrainees are limited. There are currently no simulationtools available for pediatric surgery residents and fellowsto learn and practice on. The simulator that was devel-oped is a low-cost, reusable model. It simulates the rightside of a term neonate chest and contains a tissue blockthat has been surgically modified to replicate the anato-my of EA/TEF.

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Antonio De Donno

Using Simulation to Design Control Strategiesfor Robotic No-Scar Surgery

No-scar surgery, which aims at performing surgicaloperations without visible scars, is the vanguard in thefield of Minimally Invasive Surgery. No-scar surgery canbe performed with flexible instruments, carried by aguide under the vision of an endoscopic camera. Thistechnique brings many benefits for the patient, but alsointroduces several difficulties for the surgeon. We aim atdeveloping a teleoperated robotic system for assistingsurgeons in this kind of operations. In this paper, wepresent a virtual simulator of the system that allows toassess different control strategies for our robot and tostudy possible mechanical issues.

Gordon Hirschman

Tactile and Haptic Enabled Open (THEO)Surgery Trainer

Extant virtually reality surgical simulators are predomi-nantly focused on simulating minimally invasive surger-ies where the surgeon’s interaction is with long toolsthrough fixed access ports. The Tactile and HapticsEnabled Open (THEO) Surgery Simulator builds on theconsiderable body of work generated in developing thetissue properties and image generation engines for thesesimulators, along with more recent work in haptic andtactile feedback, to provide a realistic simulator for opensurgery. Tactile feedback sufficiently detailed for texturalinformation enables the THEO Surgery Simulator to sim-ulate direct contact with tissue as well as the use oftools, therefore creating a truly multi-purpose simulatorfor a wide range of applications.

José Mosso Vázquez

iPad and iPhones become EndoscopicSurgical Trainers

iPad and iPhone video application become laparo-scopes, they are usefulness for navigation for surgicaltrainer device integrated with acrylic base and small armto hold iPad and surgical graspers. 2 residents of surgeryof first year of residency participated. They are usingtrainers one session a week (2 hours) each one during 4months, they made the following tasks, knots, sutures,and manipulating items. Specific video application wasdeveloped and contents a digital chronometer to meas-ure number of knots each minute by user, 3D transpar-ent cube was built to have spatial position in the target.An acrylic and perforated arm is attached in a commer-cial articulate arm for tablets and smart phones specificfor windshields. This phone holder was attached in anacrylic base. Surgical tasks demonstrated fast tasks after

5 months. A surgical simulator is integrated with tablets,and smart phones for endoscopic surgical training. Easyto use and install. Current generations of students,undergraduate, resident students and surgeons are com-mon users of tablets and smart phones. Up to day, i Padtechnology has developed in the last generation highresolution in images and video applications and withlight integrated permit us to become it in a laparoscopeof zero degree inside a surgical trainer.

Oliver Schuppe

MicroSim – A Microsurgical Training Simulator

MicroSim is a training simulator for microsurgical tasks.It is based on a virtual reality environment including arealistic interface and a real-time simulation model. Theinterface consists of real instruments which are trackedby a multi-sensor camera. The surgical scene is present-ed to the user through a stereo display which is similarto the view a surgeon has through a microscope.Abstract training modules, which are used to train basicfine motor skills and the prototype of a microvascularanastomosis demo have been implemented in coopera-tion with VRmagic GmbH.

Yunhe Shen

User Feedback for Suturing using Black LightAssessment of Surgical Technique (BLAST) andImage Processing

Tissue analog models with embedded markers thatallow for quantification of user performance and objec-tive measure of skill are a valuable tool for the trainingand assessment of proper suturing technique. Byapplying the Black Light Assessment of Surgical Tech-nique (BLAST) method to tissue analog models, amobile application was used to analyze the user’s per-formance immediately through use of the mobiledevice’s built-in camera.

Astrini Sie

Low-Cost Quantitative Tool-Tissue AppliedPressure Indication Method for SurgicalTraining and Assessment in Reality-BasedPhysical Models

We present a method of quantitatively measuring the pres-sure distribution applied to synthetic tissues by surgicaltools via dye-impregnated microcapsules that rupture atspecified pressures. Two methods of application througheither pre-made indicator films or paint-on indicator layersare evaluated by grasps on synthetic bowel. A high spatialresolution of pressure intensity is demonstrated (0.1mm)and preliminary results merit further study.

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Lin Chen

Learning Skill-Defining Latent Space in Video-Based Analysis of Surgical Expertise – A Multi-Stream Fusion Approach

In recent years, surgical simulation has emerged at theforefront of new technologies for improving the educa-tion and training of surgical residents. To objectivelyevaluate the surgical skills of the trainees and reduce thetraining cost, an automated method for rating the per-formance of the operator is critical. However, automatedevaluation of surgical skills in a video-based system,e.g., the FLS trainer box, is still a challenging task, bothdue to the lack of reliable visual features and the lack ofanalysis tools that bridge the semantic gap between thelow-level visual features and the high-level surgicalskills. This study attempts to find a latent space for thevisual features for supporting more meaningful analysisof surgical skills. The approach employs multi-modalityfusion and Canonical Correlation Analysis as the keytechniques. Experiments were designed to evaluate theproposed approach. The results suggest that this is apromising direction

Xianta Jiang

Pupil Response to Precision in Surgical TaskExecution

Task-evoked pupil response (TEPR) has been extensive-ly studied and well proven to be sensitive to mentalworkload changes. We aimed to explore how TEPRreflects mental workload changes in a surgical environ-ment. We conducted a simulated surgical task that has 3different subtasks with different levels of motor preci-sion and different mental workload requirements. Wefound a significant effect among these different subtaskgroups by measuring pupil diameter change rate. Thisfinding sheds light on improving patient safety in a realoperating room by non-intrusively monitoring the sur-geon’s mental workload during performing a surgeryusing an eye-tracking system.

Lindsay Long

A Haptic Simulator to Increase LaparoscopicForce Application Sensitivity

Laparoscopic surgery demands perceptual-motor skillsthat are fundamentally different from open surgery, andlaparoscopists must be adept at perceiving tissue inter-action at the surgical site and then applying precise

amounts of forces through instruments without damag-ing tissues. A haptic simulator that emulates multiplesalient laparoscopic tasks and renders differing degreesof forces was created. Two of the haptic skills taskswere evaluated in two studies to determine their abilityto distinguish and then train laparoscopic force applica-tion sensitivity. Results suggested that the simulator hasthe capability of rendering salient force feedback infor-mation to which novices become increasingly more per-ceptually sensitive.

William McMahan

A Practical System for Recording InstrumentInteractions During Live Robotic Surgery

We have developed a system for measuring and record-ing the high-frequency vibrations that characterizeinstrument interactions during robotic minimally invasivesurgery. Consisting of simple circuitry and a DVDrecorder, this system is low cost and easily imple-mentable, requires no sterilization, and enables meas-urement of a validated, objective technical skill metric inboth the simulated setting and the operating room. Thevibration recordings of fourteen sleeve gastrectomieswere processed by segmenting the operation into sevenphases and calculating the RMS vibration within eachphase. Statistical analysis showed that the observed dif-ferences match expectations drawn from knowledge ofthe operation, substantiating the premise that RMS vibra-tions provide a good measure of the intensity of instru-ment interactions.

Arun Nemani

Hierarchical Task Analysis of Hybrid Rigid ScopeNatural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery(NOTES) Cholecystectomy Procedures

This study shows task analysis results for the suturingtask in the hybrid rigid scope Natural Orifice Translume-nal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) cholecystectomy pro-cedure. A hierarchical task analysis tree was constructedfrom the video recordings the NOTES procedure andtime analysis for the suturing subtask was performed.Results indicated that the “Pull Suture Through” subtaskrequires the greatest time (25.4 sec) and that the “Re-bite”subtasks had the highest variation (6.6 sec). Intra-raterreliability test (k = 0.68) also showed the consistency ofthe results obtained from the video motion analysis.

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Anna Skinner

Ambidexterity in Laparoscopic Surgical SkillsTraining

Understanding the way in which specialized medicalskills are acquired is critical for developing effectivetraining curricula, as well as effective metrics andmethodologies for assessing skill acquisition, proficien-cy, and retention. Currently, a need exists for novel,objective metrics to support training and assessment ofspecialized surgical skills, such as those involved inlaparoscopy, as well as a deeper understanding of theway in which these skills are acquired and decay duringperiods of nonuse. Such metrics are also needed to sup-port development and validation of simulation-basedtraining and assessment technologies and methodolo-gies. Ambidexterity has been identified by expert sur-geons to be a critical factor in the achievement oflaparoscopic psychomotor surgical skill proficiency;however, the current standardized training and assess-ment protocols do not measure or account for differen-tial performance between the dominant and non-domi-nant hands. Two experiments compared performancewith both the left and right hands during training oflaparoscopic psychomotor surgical skills using the Fun-damentals of Laparoscopic Surgery (FLS) training plat-form, examining the role of ambidexterity in trainingand proficiency. The results of these experiments indi-cate that some degree of ambidexterity may be neces-sary to reach proficiency. Additionally, these results indi-cate that significant differences in performance existbetween the dominant and non-dominant hands duringthe early stages of training, with ambidexterity increas-ing as trainees reach proficiency. Implications for objec-tive assessment of surgical skill acquisition, proficiency,and retention are discussed, including implications forsimulation-based training.

Kazuyoshi Tagawa

A Laparoscopic Surgery Simulator Using FirstPerson View and Guidance Force

In general, minimally invasive surgery is the most diffi-cult surgery because a field of view of an endoscope islimited and force sensation from surgical tools such asforceps is poor. Especially in early clinical education formedical students, a virtual reality surgical simulator willbe an effective tool. In this paper, we propose a visuo-haptic surgery training system for laparoscopical tech-niques. We recorded a video from the first person per-spective and operation information of surgical tools ofan instructor. And then, we displayed the recordedvideo and the guidance force to trainees. We construct-ed a prototype surgery training system, and effectivenessof our approach was confirmed.

Modeling

Venkata Arikatla

A Modified Multilevel Scheme for Internal andExternal Constraints in Virtual Environments

Multigrid algorithms are gaining popularity in virtualreality simulations as they have a theoretically optimalperformance that scales linearly with the number ofdegrees of freedom of the simulation system. We pro-pose a multilevel approach that combines the efficiencyof the multigrid algorithms with the ability to resolvemulti-body constraints during interactive simulations.First, we develop a single level modified block Gauss-Seidel (MBGS) smoother that can incorporate con-straints. This is subsequently incorporated in a standardmultigrid V-cycle with corrections for constraints to formthe modified multigrid V-cycle (MMgV). Numericalresults show that the solver can resolve constraintswhile achieving the theoretical performance of multigridschemes.

Seong Pil Byeon

A Novel Collision-Detection Method forSimulation of Coil Deployment of theEmbolization of Cerebral Aneurysm

This paper presents a novel collision detection methodfor the real-time simulation of coil embolization. Twodifferent collision detection techniques are employed tohandle the collisions effectively according to the shapeof the primitives of the model. Bounding volume hierar-chy (BVH) is used for the collision detection betweenthe aneurysm and coil model. Spatial hashing method isused for the self-collision detection of the coil model.By combining two different collision detection methods,simulation can detect numerous contact points betweenaneurysm and coil model in real-time. Proposed colli-sion detection method is verified in terms of computa-tion time by comparing it with several previous collisiondetection methods.

Dirk Fortmeier

Optimized Image-Based Soft Tissue DeformationAlgorithms for Visualization of Haptic NeedleInsertion

Real-time surgical simulation relies on the fast computa-tion of soft tissue deformations. In this paper, we pres-ent image-based algorithms for computing the deforma-tions of a volumetric image during a needle insertion inreal-time. The algorithms are based on diffusive and lin-ear elastic finite difference methods as utilized in image

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registration. For an evaluation, the methods are com-pared to a finite element simulation of the pre-puncturephase of a needle insertion. Furthermore, the methodsare improved and tested; contrary to our assumption,an improved diffusion based approach outperforms alinear elastic approach. The algorithms are used to per-form a VR simulation of a needle insertion with visuo-haptic feedback.

Mehdi Kohani

Tool-Tissue Force Estimation in LaparoscopicSurgery using Geometric Features

This paper introduces three geometric features, fromdeformed shape of a soft tissue, which demonstrategood correlation with probing force and maximum localstress. Using FEM simulation, 2D and 3D model of an invivo porcine liver was built for different probing tasks.Maximum deformation angle, maximum deformationdepth and width of displacement constraint of thereconstructed shape of the deformed body were calcu-lated. Two neural networks were trained from these fea-tures and the calculated interaction forces. The featuresare shown to have high potential to provide force esti-mation either for haptic devices or to assess the damageto the tissue in large deformations of up to 40%.

Naoto Kume

Rupture Progression Model of Stress Integrationfor VR Ablation

VR simulation is expected to have the advantage of thetraining of invasive operations such as incision and dis-section that are unrepeatable in the real world. Thisstudy focuses on ablation to provide a simulation modelof soft tissue rupture progression. To simulate soft tissuehandling by two or more manipulators, the model isrequired to calculate stress accumulation to the tip ofrupture affected by stress condition caused by multiplemanipulators. The authors propose a method to inte-grate multiple stresses with two different hypotheses.The proposed model was evaluated by simulation ofprimitive board ablation.

Chang Ha Lee

Intubation Simulation with a Cross-SectionalVisual Guidance

We present an intubation simulation with deformableobjects and a cross-sectional visual guidance using ageneral haptic device. Our simulation method deformsthe tube model when it collides with the human model.Mass-Spring model with the Euler integration is used for

the tube deformation. For the trainee’s more effectiveunderstanding of the intubation process, we provide across-sectional view of the oral cavity and the tube. Oursystem also applies a stereoscopic rendering to improvethe depth perception and the reality of the simulation.

Claudio Lobos

A Set of Mixed-Elements Patterns for DomainBoundary Approximation in Hexahedral Meshes

Hexahedral meshes are largely used by the Finite Ele-ment Method in a high variety of simulation problems.One of the most common problems of these type ofmeshes is to achieve an adequate approximation ofcurved domains; a feature typically found in the shapeof organs. This work introduces a set of mixed-elementspatterns, which are employed at the surface of targetdomain, and allow to conserve hexahedra elsewhere.These patterns are meant to be combined with anymeshing technique producing a regular or non-regularhexahedral mesh.

Byron Perez-Gutierrez

3D Liver Volume Reconstruction forPalpation Training

Virtual Reality systems for medical procedures such asthe palpation of different organs, requires fast, robust,accurate and reliable computational methods for provid-ing realism during interaction with the 3D biologicalmodels. This paper presents the 3D liver volume recon-struction as a tool for palpation training. The chosenmethod considers the mechanical characteristics andliver properties for correctly simulating palpation inter-actions, which results appropriate as a complementarytool for training medical students in familiarizing withthe liver anatomy.

Haptics

Alastair Barrow

Requirements Analysis of a 5 Degree of FreedomHaptic Simulator for Orthopedic Trauma Surgery

There are currently few Virtual Reality simulators fororthopedic trauma surgery. Of which, these current sim-ulators provide only a basic recreation of the manualskills involved, focusing instead on the procedural andanatomical knowledge required. Onc factor limiting sim-ulation of the manual skills is the complexity of adding

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realistic haptic feedback, particularly torques. This paperinvestigates the requirements, in terms of forces andworkspace (linear and rotational), of a haptic interfaceto simulate placement of a screw in the femoral head.To measure these requirements, a study is currentlybeing performed involving approximately 10-15 subjectswith experience performing this particular procedure.The results gathered will inform the design of a newhaptic simulator for orthopedic trauma surgery.

Peter Berkelman

Co-Located Haptic and 3D Graphic Interface forMedical Simulation

We describe a system which provides high-fidelity hap-tic feedback in the same physical location as a 3Dgraphical display, in order to enable realistic physicalinteraction with virtual anatomical tissue during mod-elled procedures such as needle driving, palpation, andother interventions performed using handheld instru-ments. The haptic feedback is produced by the interac-tion between an array of coils located behind a thin flatLCD screen, and permanent magnets embedded in theinstrument held by the user. The coil and magnet con-figuration permits arbitrary forces and torques to begenerated on the instrument in real time according tothe dynamics of the simulated tissue by activating thecoils in combination. A rigid-body motion tracker pro-vides position and orientation feedback of the handheldinstrument to the computer simulation, and the 3D dis-play is produced using LCD shutter glasses and a head-tracking system for the user.

Saurabh Dargar

The Development of a Haptic Interface for theVirtual Translumenal Endoscopic SurgicalTrainer (VTEST™)

Natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery(NOTES) is an experimental surgical technique withbenefits including reduced pain, post operative recoveryperiod and better cosmesis compared to traditionallaparoscopic procedures. In a pure NOTES procedure, aflexible endoscope is used for performing the surgeryand visualization. The Virtual Translumenal EndoscopicSurgical Trainer (VTEST™) is being developed as a plat-form to train for NOTES procedures and innovateNOTES tools and techniques. In this work we report thedesign specification for the hardware interface to beused for VTEST™.

Felix Hamza-Lup

Liver Pathology Simulation - Algorithm for HapticRendering and Force Maps for PalpationAssessment

Pre-operatory gestures include tactile sampling of themechanical properties of biological tissue for both histo-logical and pathological considerations. Tactile proper-ties used in conjunction with visual cues can provideuseful feedback to the surgeon. Development of novelcost effective haptic-based simulators and their introduc-tion in the minimally invasive surgery learning cycle canabsorb the learning curve for your residents. Receivingpre-training in a core set of surgical skills can reduceskill acquisition time and risks. We present the integra-tion of a real- time surface stiffness adjustment algorithmand a novel paradigm - force maps - in a visuo-hapticsimulator module designed to train internal organs dis-ease diagnostics through palpation.

Shahzad Rasool

Haptic Simulation of Venipuncture

Extraction or drawing blood from veins is known asvenipuncture. It is a dedicated and specialized skillthat one can only become proficient after doing muchobservation and more important practice. This paperproposes a different image-based haptic simulationfor venipuncture training. The actual photographs areused for a fast implementation of different hands withbetter visual immersion, and the function-based mod-eling method is provided for fast collision detectionand computation.

Andrew Stanley

A Haptic Display for Medical Simulation UsingParticle Jamming

Medical simulators that allow the user to explore andmanipulate artificial tissue with the bare hand requiresimultaneous control of geometry and mechanical prop-erties of physical surfaces. We present a novel hapticdisplay that forms controllable lumps at various loca-tions on a surface, a feature that could prove useful forsimulating palpation tasks. The lumps are created bycontrolling positive and negative air pressure appliedexternally and internally to cells filled with granularmaterial. The “particle jamming” behavior of granularmaterial under vacuum influences both surface mechani-cal properties and geometry. Such encountered-typehaptic displays have the potential to present a large vari-ety of physical sensations in a single medical simulator.


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Amjad Hashemi

Driver’s Sleepiness Detection using SSVEPBased BCI System

The objective of this study is development of driver’ssleepiness using Visually Evoked Potentials (VEP). VEPcomputed from EEG signals from the visual cortex. Weuse the Steady State VEPs (SSVEPs) that are one of themost important EEG signals used in human computerinterface systems. SSVEP is a response to visual stimulipresented. We present a classification method to dis-criminate between closed eyes and opened eyes. Fouri-er transforms and power spectrum density featuresextracted from signals and Multilayer perceptron andradial basis function neural networks used for classifica-tion. The experimental results show an accuracy of 97%.

Bonnie Kennedy

Treasure of Bell Island: Pilot Study ofConstruct Validity

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has been identifiedas the signature injury associated with the wars in Iraqand Afghanistan. Up to 30% of warfighters with mTBIgo on to experience persistent symptoms related toattention, memory and executive function that mayinterfere with the performance of their duties and theirsuccessful employment after separating from the service.In response to this problem, a tool for cognitive evalua-tion and cognitive skills training was developed in theform of an engaging adventure video game, “Treasure ofBell Island.” This study examines the effectiveness ofthis game in evaluating cognitive skills.

Jacquelyn Morie

Take One VW and Call Me in the Morning

Virtual Worlds (VWs) just may be the most advancedform of telehealth care available in today’s interconnect-ed digital world. This paper reports on an ongoingeffort between the University of Southern California’sInstitute for Creative Technologies (ICT) and theDOD’s National Intrepid Center of Excellence in Psy-chological Health and TBI (NICoE) to incorporate VWsin a variety of functions to supplement telehealth carewith increased with access, continuity of care, andpeer support.


Gregorij Kurillo

Architecture of an Automated Coaching Systemfor Elderly Population

We present an automated coaching system for elderlypopulation living in assisted homes. The system guidesits users through a sequence of exercises and tests. Eachexercise is demonstrated by a pre-recorded video of acoach, checked for correct execution and qualitativelyevaluated. Automatic coaching advices are generated inorder to improve the execution. Performance measure-ments are shown as an immediate feedback to the user,and stored and evaluated over time. The system isdesigned to allow for a remote interaction with acoach, and, to bolster social aspect of the exercise, forconcurrent exercise of two (or eventually multiple)remote users.

Alvaro Uribe Quevedo

Video Game Interfaces for Interactive Lower andUpper Member Therapy

With recent advances in electronics and mechanics, anew trend in interaction is taking place, changing howwe interact with our environment, daily tasks and otherpeople. Even though sensor based technologies andtracking systems have been around for several years,just recently they have become affordable tools thanksto videogames and smartphones popularization. In gen-eral, advanced tracking systems are complex and expen-sive, varying from magnetic, optical, ultrasonic ormechanical sensors. Initially, their main applicationswere focused on motion capture for animations andmotion analysis in sports and medicine, due to the sen-sors’ high cost. However, the recent affordability ofaccelerometers, gyroscopes touch screens and image-processing tracking has allowed the development andrevolution on 3D user interfaces for interacting with sev-eral devices, allowing more realistic and accurate motioncapture. This work presents the integration of two main-stream videogame interfaces as tools for developing aninteractive lower and upper member therapy tool. Thegoal is to study the potential of these devices as com-plementing didactic elements for improving and moni-toring user performance during a series of exerciseswith virtual and real devices.

Alvaro Uribe Quevedo

Kinect-based Posture Tracking for CorrectingPositions during Exercise

The Kinect sensor has opened the path for developingnumerous applications in several different areas. Medicaland health applications are benefiting from the Kinect asit allows non-invasive body motion capture that can beused in motor rehabilitation and phobia treatment. Amajor advantage of the Kinect is that allows developingsolutions that can be used at home or even the officethus, expanding the user freedom for interacting withcomplementary solutions to its physical activities with-out requiring any traveling. This paper present a Kinect-based posture tracking software for assisting the user insuccessfully match postures required in some exercisesfor strengthen body muscles. Unlike several videogamesavailable, this tool offers a user interface for customizingposture parameters, so it can be enhanced by healthcareprofessionals or by their guidance through the user.

Posu Yan

mHealth Application for Upper Extremity Rangeof Motion and Reachable Workspace

We present mobile health (mHealth) applications utiliz-ing embedded phone sensors as an angle-measuringdevice for upper-limb range of motion (ROM) and esti-mation of reachable workspace to assist in evaluation ofupper limb functional capacity. Our results show thatthe phone can record accurate measurements, as well asprovide additional functionalities for clinicians.


Mary Barak-Bernhagen

Telementoring for Airway Training - a CostEffective Method for Airway Training atRemote Sites

Airway management skills are essential for healthcareproviders in military and civilian settings. To maintaincompetency in these skills, it is crucial for the providerto have opportunities for review and retraining. Virtualairway training or telementoring can be an effectivemeans to fulfilling these requirements for healthcareproviders located in remote sites.

Ben Boedeker

Description of a Novel Device (C-HUB™) to Linthe Karl Storz Video Laryngoscope to aTelemedicine Monitor for Far ForwardBattlefield Support

This work describes a novel device (the Storz C-Hub)and its use by the Center for Advanced Technology andTelemedicine to demonstrate the value of sharing realtime video from a major medical center to support med-ical device training to deployed medical personnel at afar forward location.

Gail Kuper

Demonstration of Distance Training of aComplex Medical Task Using Adobe Connect

New advances in medical technology create trainingchallenges for healthcare systems and the US militarythat must train across a broad spectrum of medical per-sonnel located worldwide. Distance education is classi-cally done using video conferencing systems connectedby expensive networks, and requires significant supportinfrastructure to operate. This demonstration of trainingcomplex medical tasks across two continents was sup-ported by Adobe Connect and internet connection. Thisoffered a low cost solution for complex medical trainingwhich may be useful to provide distance education andsupport the integration of new medical technology todeployed personnel using virtual simulation.

Thomas Nicholas

Training for Out-of-OR Airway Management

Airway management is crucial for medical support ofthe patient both in and out of the OR setting and is cen-tral to medical practice. Lack of consensus on which air-way skills should be taught and how best to teach themis a contributory reason that airway skills are lackingamong prehospital medical providers. This work out-lines a suggested curriculum for teaching Out-of-Oper-ating Room (OR) Airway Management in the hospitalsystem using the videolaryngoscope to enhance thetraining efforts.

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SATURDAY, February 23PLENARY Session

Arthur Erdman, Daniel Keefe & Randy Schiestl

Use of Interactive Supercomputing and VirtualEnvironments for the Design, Verification andManufacture of Medical Devices

Medical devices are fundamental to effective healthcare. From pacemakers to catheter delivery systems toreplacement heart valves, medical devices impactpatient care in both routine and life critical settings.Innovation in this field can have a direct positiveimpact on health outcomes. Despite the overall suc-cess of these devices, both mechanical and tissue-based devices fail over time, sometimes within monthsto several years.

Currently, major advances in medical device design andmanufacture require extensive and expensive productcycles that usually include animal and clinical trials.Competitive pressures often force initiation of animaltrials without sufficient understanding of parameterselections based on bench tests and other preliminaryanalysis. In turn this may lead to suboptimal resultsdue to the lack of sufficient insight about the trueimpact of design decisions upon actual device success.This session will suggest that these limitations can bereduced through advancements in simulation-basedmedical device design and manufacture including CADand FEA. The improvements will also include patient-specific physiologic simulations that provide high-reso-lution data based on anatomic models derived fromMRI and CT imaging and tissue testing. The device/tis-sue interaction results are visualized at the medicaldevice designer’s workbench using a large-formatstereoscopic display. Since the designer is interested incomparing the impact of particular design decisions,visual analytics techniques optimized for data compari-son are used to explore high-dimensional datasets from10’s to 100’s of simulation runs. Given insight fromviewing these data, the design is refined while viewingthe visualizations by using emerging rich, descriptivecomputer input technologies, such as 3D force-feed-back devices and multi-touch surfaces. Advances inscalable computer hardware and computational algo-rithms have improved the accuracy and reliability ofsimulation results. This is a path towards personalizedmedicine. The vision is the development of an integrat-ed simulation-based environment, from personalizedanatomical data to the design, optimization and manu-facturing of a medical device.

Benjamin Kanter

Action at a Distance: Improving the MobileMedical Experience

The delivery of safe health care is critically dependentupon accurate and timely communications coupled withan ability to efficiently take action i.e. enter orders.Tablets and smart phones represent novel computingenvironments with an opportunity to combine tradition-al digital healthcare solutions such as results reportingwith telecommunication functionality. Recognizing thata physician may require access to patient records froma variety of sources, we created a mobile health plat-form which is agnostic as to the back end electronichealth record, integrates federal standards for the Directmessaging protocol, and has a workflow which is opti-mized for these smaller devices.

David Hadden

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Training

The medical community has accepted simulation as aviable learning strategy in today's healthcare providertraining. Join David Hadden, CEO & Founder of TheraSim,in an effort to revolutionize healthcare training. He willhave an open discussion regarding the application of Arti-ficial Intelligence in Health Care Training. Hear about"Aime" (Artificial Intelligence Mentoring Engine) and itsuse in our virtual patient simulator. With the power of AI,we will shape the future of training everywhere.

John Adler

The Future of Scientific Journals: Will TwoCenturies of Tradition Yield to the Power of theInternet?

The principles of peer reviewed scientific publicationsdate back two and one-half centuries to the origins of"Medical Essays and Observations" published by theRoyal Society of Edinburgh (1731). This year (2012) isnotable in that perhaps the most prestigious and bestknown medical journal, the "New England Journal ofMedicine," crossed the second century mark. Themethodologies of peer review have undeniably servedmedicine well and helped to usher in unimaginableadvances in human health. Despite such illustrious his-tory, the winds of change are in the air.

Peer review is grounded primarily in the premise thatacceptance by one’s colleagues, and especially one’s

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Saturday’s Presentation Summaries

intellectual counterparts and rivals, is needed to vali-date the science being reported. Despite this widelyaccepted premise, it is worth a reminder that arguablythe most important scientific publication of the 20thcentury, Albert Einstein’s “Annus Mirabilis”, which sin-gle handedly reordered the world of modern physics,was never subjected to independent “peer review”. Per-haps given the societal need to discredit “quack” medi-cine, which could possibly jeopardize the public health,a stronger argument can be made for the necessity ofsubjecting medical science to peer review. However,even after two centuries of success, an important ques-tion arises:

Do the past traditions of peer review medical journalscontinue to serve society well or are they about to beeclipsed by newer and even more powerful opportuni-ties for establishing scientific validity? It appears thatthe answer is yes as the internet is increasinglyenabling like-minded communities to grow up andinteract independent of traditional of traditional medicalsocieties and journals. The considerable progress in thisdirection will be presented.

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PresenterContact Info &

Index

NextMedMMVR20

80 NextMed / MMVR20

Presenter IndexSchedule Summary Schedule Summary

AAdler, John ……………………………………24 ……………72Ahn, Woojin ………………………………13, 21 ………46, 63Allard, Jérémie ………………………………20 ……………38Anderson, Ariana ……………………………19 ……………60Andrade, Allen…………………………………13 ……………47Annese, Jacopo ………………………………18 ……………58Arikatla, Venkata …………………………19,22 …………63,67

BBajaj, Kapil ……………………………………15 ……………51Barak-Bernhagen, Mary …………………17,23 …………57,71Barmpoutis, Angelos …………………………13 ……………45Barrow, Alastair ………………………………22 ……………68Barton, Annemarie ……………………………17 ……………56Bergeron, Bryan …………………………15,20 …………39,51Berkelman, Peter ……………………………22 ……………69Boedeker, Ben ……………………………17,23 …………57,71Bundscherer, Lena ……………………………17 ……………57Byeon, Seong Pil ……………………………22 ……………67

CCarrez, Bruno …………………………………20 ……………38Cavazza, Marc ………………………………13 ……………47Cecil, J. ………………………………………15 ……………52Cenydd, Llyrap ………………………………21 ……………64Cheek, Walter …………………………………15 ……………36Chen, Carolyn …………………………………14 ……………49Chen, Lin …………………………………21,22 …………64,66Cheung, Jeffrey……………………………13,16 …………47,53Clipp, Rachel …………………………………11 ……………33Cohen, Elaine …………………………………14 ……………49Cotin, Stéphane ………………………………20 ……………38Cowan, Brent …………………………………11 ……………34Creutzfeldt, Johan ……………………………16 ……………54Cutler-Shaw, Joyce …………………………18 ……………58

DDargar, Saurabh …………………………21,22 …………64,69Davis, Lauren …………………………………21 ……………64De Donno, Antonio……………………………21 ……………65de Ribaupierre, Sandrine ……………………15 ……………51Detton, Alan……………………………………16 ……………54Dowling, Kevin ………………………………11 ……………35Dubrowski, Adam ……………………………11 ……………34Duriez, Christian ……………………………20 ……………38Dworkin, Ross…………………………………15 ……………52

EEnglmeier, Karl-Hans…………………………17 ……………55Enochsson, Lars………………………………19 ……………62

Erdman, Arthur ………………………………24 ……………72Evestedt, Daniel ……………………………20 ……………38

FForbell, Eric ……………………………………11 ……………33Forgacs, Gabor ………………………………18 ……………58Fors, Uno ………………………………………14 ……………49Forsslund, Jonas ……………………………14 ……………48Fortmeier, Dirk ………………………………22 ……………67

GGaggioli, Andrea ………………………………18 ……………60Gerrah, Rabin …………………………………16 ……………54Ghaffari, Roozbeh ……………………………11 ……………35Gracey, Ken ………………………………15,20 …………36,39Guo, Xinqing …………………………………13 ……………48

HHadden, David ………………………………24 ……………72Haji, Faizal ……………………………………11 ……………34Halic, Tansel …………………………………20 ……………37Hamza-Lup, Felix ……………………………23 ……………69Haouchine, Nazim ……………………………12 ……………44Hashemi, Amjad ………………………………23 ……………70Hawkinson, Ellie ………………………………15 ……………52Hefny, Mohamed ……………………………12 ……………45Heneghan, Jerry ………………………………15 ……………36Hirschman, Gordon …………………………21 ……………65Hoffman, Hunter ………………………………19 ……………61Hughes, Chris …………………………………16 ……………54

JJang, Taeho……………………………………16 ……………54Jannin, Pierre …………………………………12 ……………44Jiang, Xianta …………………………………22 ……………66

KKabongo, Luis …………………………………17 ……………56Kahrs, Lueder …………………………………12 ……………45Kanter, Benjamin ……………………………24 ……………72Kapralos, Bill ………………………………11,15 …………34,52Keefe, Daniel …………………………………24 ……………72Kennedy, Bonnie ……………………………23 ……………70Kim, Youngjun …………………………………16 ……………55Kohani, Mehdi …………………………………22 ……………68Kostic, Marko …………………………………16 ……………55Kowalczuk, Jedrzej …………………………13 ……………46Kume, Naoto …………………………………22 ……………68Kuper, Gail …………………………………17,23 …………57,71Kurenov, Sergei ………………………………17 ……………56Kurillo, Gregorij ……………………………18,23 …………59,70Kwan, Calvin …………………………………14 ……………48

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Presenter Index

LLee, Chang Ha ………………………………22 ……………68Lendvay, Thomas ……………………………20 ……………37Lenhart, Martha ………………………………15 ……………35Leung, Regina…………………………………14 ……………49Linte, Cristian …………………………………12 ……………45Liu, May ………………………………………20 ……………37Lobos, Claudio ………………………………22 ……………68Long, Lindsay …………………………………22 ……………66

MMagee, Harvey ………………………………15 ……………35Masur, Kai ……………………………………14 ……………50McMahan, William ……………………………22 ……………66Meglan, Dwight ………………………………11 ……………33Moriarty, Brian…………………………………16 ……………52Morie, Jacquelyn ……………………………23 ……………70Mosso Vázquez, José ………………………21 ……………65Mousavi Hondori, Hossein …………………18 ……………59Mukai, Nobuhiko………………………………13 ……………46

NNagle, Aniket …………………………………18 ……………59Nemani, Arun …………………………………22 ……………66Niazi, Ismatt……………………………………17 ……………57Nicholas, Thomas …………………………17,23 …………57,71Nisky, Ilana ……………………………………13 ……………46

OOgata, Masato ………………………………19 ……………62Ottensmeyer, Mark……………………………13 ……………48

PParsad, Nigel …………………………………16 ……………55Pawluck, Dianne………………………………20 ……………63Perez-Gutierrez, Byron ………………………22 ……………68Peters, Shae …………………………………15 ……………36Pidcoe, Peter …………………………………18 ……………59Plumley, Leah …………………………………13 ……………47Pop, Serban …………………………………13 ……………46Pugh, Carla ………………………………12,15 …………36,43

RRasool, Shahzad …………………………13,23 …………48,69Riva, Giuseppe ………………………………19 ……………60Rizzo, Albert ……………………………11,15,18 ……33,36,60Rojas, David …………………………………16 ……………54

SSadda, Praneeth………………………………12 ……………44Samosky, Joseph ……………………………16 ……………53Sankaranarayanan, Ganesh ……………19,20 …………37,62Santhanam, Anand……………………………12 ……………45Satava, Richard ………………………………12 ……………43Schiestl, Randy ………………………………24 ……………72

Schleusener, Marlen …………………………16 ……………55Schlickum, Marcus ……………………………13 ……………47Schulze, Jurgen ………………………………17 ……………56Schuppe, Oliver ………………………………21 ……………65Schwaitzberg, Steven ……………………18,20 …………37,58Serres, Barthélemy …………………………17 ……………56Sheehan, Florence……………………………14 ……………49Shen, Yunhe ………………………………16,21 …………53,65Shewaga, Robert ……………………………11 ……………34Sie, Astrini ……………………………………21 ……………65Singapogu, Ravikiran…………………………20 ……………63Siu, Ka-Chun …………………………………19 ……………62Skinner, Anna …………………………………22 ……………67Smarr, Larry……………………………………12 …………33,43Smith, Roger ………………………………11,19 …………34,62Srivastava, Sakti………………………………16 ……………53Stanley, Andrew ………………………………23 ……………69Su, Yan-Jen……………………………………12 ……………45Surgeon, Thoulton ……………………………14 ……………50Suzuki, Naoki …………………………………13 ……………46Sweet, Robert………………………12,14,15,20 ……36,37,50

TTagawa, Kazuyoshi …………………………22 ……………67Talbot, Thomas ……………………11,14,15,20 …33,35,36,39Thiyagarajan, Magesh ………………………14 …………50,51Tien, Geoffrey …………………………………16 ……………55Tsiaras, Alexander ………………………18,21 ……………58Tsoupikova, Daria ……………………………18 ……………59

UUllrich, Sebastian ……………………………20 ……………38Uribe Quevedo, Alvaro ………………………23 …………70,71

VVosburgh, Kirby ………………………………12 ……………43

WWang, Weiming ………………………………16 ……………53Warner, Dave …………………………………18 ……………58Wende, Kristian ………………………………14 ……………50Wiederhold, Brenda …………………………19 ……………61Wiederhold, Mark ……………………………19 ……………61

XXu, Roger………………………………………19 ……………61

YYan, Posu ……………………………………23 ……………71

ZZimmermann, Julia……………………………12 ……………43

Schedule Summary Schedule Summary

table of contents - medicine meets virtual reality |...

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