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EVIDENCE Case Digests (Project 2014)

Atty. Lu, Thursday, 1st Sem, A.Y. 2014-2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. Admissibility of Evidence

A. Rule 128, Secs. 1-4:

1. Reyes v. Court of Appeals 216 SCRA 25 (1993) 2

2. People v. Turco 337 SCRA 714 (2000) 3

3. Agustin v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 162571, June 15, 2005 4

B. Relevance:

Sections 3 & 4, Rule 128

1. Lopez v. Hessen, 365 P.2d 448 (1961) 6

2. State v. Ball 339 S.W2d 783 (1960) 8

C. Competence:

1. Section 3, Rule 128.

2. Exclusionary Rules Under the 1987 Constitution

(a) Sections 2 and 3, Art. III

(b) Section 12, Art. III

(c) Section 17, Art. III

i. People v. Marti 193 SCRA 57 12

ii. Pollo v.David G.R No. 181881, October 18, 2011 13

3. Statutory Rules of Exclusion

(a) Section 201, Tax Reform Act of 1997


Atty. Lu, Thursday, 1st Sem, A.Y. 2014-2015 (b) R.A. 1405, Law on Secrecy of Bank Deposits

(c) R.A. 4200, otherwise known as the Wiretapping Act

i) Ganaan v. IAC 145 SCRA 112 (1986) 19

ii) Salcedo-Ortañez v. CA 235 SCRA 111 (1994) 20

iii) Ramirez v. CA 248 SCRA 590 (1995) 22

II. What Need Not Be Proved

A. Rule 129, Secs. 1-4;; Rule 10, Sec. 8

B. Cases:

1. Judicial Notice

(a) City of Manila v. Garcia 19 SCRA 413 (1967) 25

(b) Baguio vs. Vda. de Jalagat 42 SCRA 337 (1971) 26

(c) Prieto v. Arroyo 14 SCRA 549 (1965) 27

(d) Yao-Kee v. Sy-Gonzales 167 SCRA 736 (1988) 28

(e) Tabuena v. CA 196 SCRA 650 (1991) 29

(f) People v. Godoy 250 SCRA 676 (1995) 30

(g) BPI-Savings v. CTA 330 SCRA 507 (2000) 31

(h) Calamba Steel Center, Inc. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue,

G.R. No. 151857, April 28,2005 33

(i) People v. Tundag, G.R. Nos. 135695-96, October 12, 2000 34

2. Judicial Admissions

(a) Lucido v. Calupitan 27 Phil. 48 (1914) 36



(b) Torres v. CA 131 SCRA 24 (1984) 37

(c) CIR v. Petron Corporation, G.R. No. 185568, March 21,2012 38

III. Real and Demonstrative Evidence

A. Rule 130;; Sec. 1;; Sec. 2

B. Cases:

1. People v. Bardaje, 199 SCRA 388 (1980) 41

2. Sison v. People 250 SCRA 58 (1995) 42

3. Adamczuk v. Holloway 13 A.2d 2 (1940) 43

4. State v. Tatum 360 P.2d 754 (1961) 44

5. People v. Climaco, G.R. No. 199403, June 13, 2012 46

6. People v. Cardenas, G.R. No. 190342, March 21, 2012 47

IV. Best Evidence Rule

A. Rule 130, Secs. 2-8;; Rule 132, Secs. 25 and 27;; Electronic Commerce Act (R.A. 8792), Secs. 5, 6-15;; Rules on

Electronic Evidence ("REE"),Rule 2, Sec.1;; Rule 3;; Rule 4.

B. Cases:

1. Air France v. Carrascoso 18 SCRA 155 1966) 63

2. Meyers v. United States 171 F.2d 800 (1948) 64

3. People v. Tan 105 Phil. 1242 (1959) 65

4. Seiler v. Laucas Film, Ltd. 797 F.2d 1504 (1986) 66

5. People vs. Tandoy 192 SCRA 98 (1990) 67



6. U.S. v. Gregorio 17 Phil. 522 (1910) 68

7. Pacasum v. People, G.R. No. 180314, April 16, 2009 69

8. Fiscal of Pampanga v. Reyes 55 Phil 905 (1931) 70

9. Compania Maritima v. Allied Free Workers77 SCRA 24 (1977) 71

10. Villa Rey Transit v. Ferrer 25 SCRA 845 (1968) 72

11. Michael & Co. v. Enriquez 33 Phil. 87 (1915) 74

12. De Vera v. Aguilar 218 SCRA 602 (1983) 75

13. NaPoCor v. Codilla G.R. No. 170491, April 4, 2007 77

14. Estrada v. Desierto, G.R. Nos.146710-15, April 3, 2001 78

15. MCC Industrial Sales Vs. Sangyong 536 SCRA 418 (2007) 79

Secondary Evidence

1. Ebreo v Ebreo, 493 SCRA 583 82

V. Parole Evidence Rule

A. Rule 130, Sec. 9;; Art. 1403, Civil Code.

B. Cases:

1. Enriquez v. Ramos 6 SCRA 219 (1962) 85

2. Canuto v. Mariano 37 Phil. 840 (1918) 86

3. Yu Tek v. Gonzales 29 Phil. 384 (1915) 87

4. Land Settlement & Dev. Corp. v. Garcia Plantation 7 SCRA 750 (1963) 88

5. Maulini v. Serrano 28 Phil. 640 (1914) 89

6. PNB v. Seeto 91 Phil. 756 (1952) 90



7. Woodhouse v. Halili 93 Phil. 526 (1953) 91

8. Robles v. Lizarraga 50 Phil. 387 (1927) 92

9. Cruz v. CA 192 SCRA 209 (1990) 93

10. Lechugas v. CA 143 SCRA 335 (1986) 94

11. Inciong v. CA 257 SCRA 578 (1996) 95

12. Ortañez v. CA 266 SCRA 561 (1997) 96

13. Rosario Textile Mills v. Home Bankers, G.R. No. 137232, June 29, 2005 98

14. Madrigal v. CA, G.R. No.142944, April 15, 2005 99

Qualifications of Witnesses

A. Mental Incapacity or Immaturity

1. Rule 130, Secs. 20 & 21

2. People v. De Jesus 129 SCRA 4 (1984) 101

3. People v. Salomon 229 SCRA 402 (1993) 101

4. People v. Mendoza 254 SCRA 18 (1996)

5. People v. Macapagal, G.R.No. 155335, July 14, 2005 102

B. Marital Disqualification Rule (Rule 130, Section 22)

1. Ordono v, Daquigan, 62 SCRA 270 104

2. People v. Castañeda 88 SCRA 562 (1979) 106

3. People v. Francisco 78 Phil. 694 (1947) 107

4. Lezama v. Rodriguez 23 SCRA 1166 (1968) 108


Atty. Lu, Thursday, 1st Sem, A.Y. 2014-2015 C. Dead Man's Statute

1. Rule 130, Section 23

2. Guerrero v. St. Claire's Realty & Co. 124 SCRA 553 (1983) 109

3. Abraham v. Recto-Kasten 4 SCRA 298 (1962) 110

4. Goñi v. CA 144 SCRA 222 (1986) 111

5. Tongco v. Vianzon 50 Phil. 698 (1927) 113

6. Razon v. IAC 207 SCRA 234 (1992) 115

7. Londres v. Court of Appeals, December 17, 2002 117

Privileged Communications

A. Marital Privilege

1. Rule 130, Sec. 24(a)

2. People v. Carlos 47 Phil. 626 (1925) 119

B. Attorney-Client Privilege

1. Rule 130, Section 24(b)

2. Uy Chico v. Union Life 29 Phil. 163 (1915) 121

3. Regala v. Sandiganbayan 262 SCRA 124 (1996) 122

4. Barton v. Leyte Asphalt & Mineral 46 Phil. 938 (1924) 124

5. Orient Insurance v. Revilla 54 Phil. 919 (1930) 125

6. People v. Sandiganbayan, 272 SCRA 505 (1997) 127

7. Hickman v. Taylor, 329 SCRA 495 (1947) 129

8. Upjohn Company v. U.S. 449 U.S. 383 (1981) 130

9. In re Grand Jury Investigation 732 F.2d 447 (1983) 131



10. U.S. v. McPartlin 595 F.2d 1321 (7th Cir. 1979) 131

11. U.S. v. Gordon-Nikkar 518 F.2d 972 (5th Cir. 1975) 133

12. U.S. vs. Nobles 422 US 225 (1975) 134

C. Physician-Patient Privilege

1. Rule 130, Section 24 (c)

2. Lim v. Court of Appeals 214 SCRA 273 (1992) 136

3. Krohn v. Court of Appeals 233 SCRA 146 (1994) 137

D. State Secrets

1. Rule 130, Section 24 (e)

2. U.S. v. Nixon (A.B.) 418 U.S. 683 (1974) 139

3. Banco Filipino v. Monetary Board 142 SCRA 523 (1986) 140

4. Neri v. Senate Committee, G.R. No. 180643, September 4, 2008 141

E. Parental & Filial Privilege

1. Rule 130, Section 25;; Art. 215, Civil Code

F. Newsman's Privilege

1. R.A. 53, as amended by R.A. 1477

Admissions Against Interest

1. Rule 130, Sections 26 & 32

2. Viacrucis v. CA 44 SCRA 176 (1972) 145



3. Keller & Co. v. COB 141 SCRA 86 (1986) 146

4. People v. Paragsa 84 SCRA 105 (1978) 147

5. People v. Alegre 94 SCRA 109 (1979) 150

6. Griffin v. California 380 U.S. 853 (1965) 149

C. Res Inter Alios Acta

1. Rule 130, Section 28


3. People v. Raquel 265 SCRA 248 (1996) 151

D. Exceptions to the Res Inter Alios Acta Rule

1. Mahlandt v. Wild Canid 588 F.2d 626 (8th Cir. 198) 152

Co-conspirator's Statements

1. People v. Cabrera 57 SCRA 715 (1974) 154

2. People v. Yatco 97 Phil. 941 (1955) 156

3. People v. Chaw Yaw Shun 23 SCRA 127 (1968) 157

4. People v. Serrano 105 Phil. 531 (1959) 158

5. People v. Bulan, G.R. No. 143404, June 8, 2005 160

Admission By Privies

1. Alpuerto v. Pastor 38 Phil. 785 (1918) 161

2. City of Manila v. Del Rosario 5 Phil. 227 (1905) 162


Atty. Lu, Thursday, 1st Sem, A.Y. 2014-2015 Confessions(Art. III, Section 17, 1987 Constitution;; Rule 130, Section 33; Rule 115(e).)

1. People v. Compil 244 SCRA 135 (1995) 164

2. People v. Wong Chuen Ming 256 SCRA 182 (1996) 165


4. People v. Yip Wai Ming 264 SCRA 224 (1996) 167

5. People v. Maqueda 242 SCRA 565 (1995) 168

6. Parker v. Randolph 442 U.S. 62 (1979) 170

Conduct and Character As Evidence

A. Rule 130, Secs. 34-35;; 51;; Rule 132, Section 14;; Section 30, Rule on Examination of a Child Witness

1. U.S. v. Pineda 37 Phil. 457 (1918) 173

2. People vs. Irang 64 Phil. 285 (1937) 174

3. People v. Soliman 53 O.G. 8083 (1957) 175

4. People v. Babiera 52 Phil. 97 (1928) 176

5. U.S. v. Mercado 26 Phil. 127 (1913) 178

6. People v. Umbana, 402 SCRA 415 179

Hearsay Rule

A. Testimonial Knowledge

1. Rule 130, Sec. 36

2. People v. Brioso 37 SCRA 336 (1971) 181

3. People v. Cusi 14 SCRA 944 (1965) 181

4. People v. Gaddi 170 SCRA 649 (1989) 182

5. Leake v. Hagert 175 N.W.2d 675 (1970) 183



6. U.S. v. Zenni 492 F. Supp. 464 (1980) 184

7. Estrada vs. Desierto 356 SCRA 108 (2001) 8. People vs. Quidato 297 SCRA 1 (1998) 184

B. Exceptions:

1. Dying Declaration

Rule 130, Section 37

1. People v. Laquinon 135 SCRA 91 (1985) 186

2. People v. Sabio 02 SCRA 218 (1981) 186

3. People v. Salison 253 SCRA 758 (1996) 187

4. People v. Ador, G.R. Nos. 140538-39, June 14, 2004 188

2. Declaration Against Interest


1. People v. Majuri 96 SCRA 472 (1980) 189

2. People v. Toledo 51 Phil. 825 (1928) 190

3. Fuentes v. CA 253 SCRA 430 (1996) 192

4. Heirs of Miguel Franco v. CA, G.R. No. 123924, December 11, 2003 192

3. Pedigree


1. Gravador v. Mamigo 20 SCRA 742 (1967) 194

2. People v. Alegado 201 SCRA 37 (1991) 196

3. Tison v. CA 276 SCRA 582 (1997) 197


Atty. Lu, Thursday, 1st Sem, A.Y. 2014-2015 4. Family Tradition


1. Ferrer v. de Ynchausti 38 Phil. 905 (1918) 198

5. Common Reputation


1. City of Manila v. Del Rosario 5 Phil 227(1905) 200

6. Res Gestae


1. People v. Lungayan 162 SCRA 100 (1988) 201

2. People v. Putian 74 SCRA 133 (1976) 201

3. People v. Tolentino 218 SCRA 337 (1993) 202

7. Entries in the Course of Business


1. Palmer v. Hoffman 318 U.S. 109 (1943) 204

2. Philamlife v. Capital Assurance (CA) 72 O.G. 3941 205

8. Official Records


1. Caltex v. Africa 16 SCRA 448 (1966) 206

2. People v. Leones 117 SCRA 382 (1982) 207

3. Manalo v. Robles Trans. Co., Inc. 99 Phil. 729 (1956) 208



4. People v. Cabuang 217 SCRA 675 (1993) 209

5. People v. Gabriel 253 SCRA 84 (1996) 211

6. Dela Cruz v. Sison, G.R. No. 163770, February 17, 2005 212

9. Commercial Lists


1. State v. Lungsford 400 A.2d 843 (1979) 214

2. PNOC Shipping v. CA 299 SCRA 402 (1999) 215

10. Learned Treatises


11. Prior Testimony


1. Tan v. CA 20 SCRA 54 (1967) 218

2. Ohio v. Roberts 448 U.S. 56 (1980) 219

Opinion Rule

Rule 130, Secs. 48-50

1. Dilag & Co. v. Merced 45 O.G. 5536 (1949) 221

2. U.S. v. Trono 3 Phil. 213 (1904) 221

3. People v. Adoviso 309 SCRA 1 (1999) 222

4. State v. Garver 225 P.2d 771 (1950) 223

5. U.S. v. Stifel 433 F.2d 431 (6th Cir. 1970) 224



6. Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals 113 S. Ct. 2786 (1993) 226

7. United States v. Bonds 12 F.3d 540 (1993) 227

Presentation of Evidence

Judicial Affidavit Rule

Examination of Witnesses (Rule 132, Secs. 1-18)

Leading Questions

1. State v. Scott 149 P2d 152 (1944) 233

2. Impeaching One's Own Witness

1. Becker v. Eisenstodt 158 A.2d 706 (1960) 234

3. Cross-Examination

1. Dela Paz v. IAC 154 SCRA 65 (1987) 235

2. Fulgado v. CA 182 SCRA 81 (1982) 236

3. Capitol Subd. v. Negros Occ. 52 O.G. 4672 (1956 ) 237

4. U.S. v. Marshall 762 F.2d 419 (5th Cir. 1985) 238

4. Impeachment By Bias

1. U.S. v. Abel 469 U.S. 45 (1984) 240

2. U.S. v. Harvey 547 F.2d 720 (2d Cir.1976) 241


Atty. Lu, Thursday, 1st Sem, A.Y. 2014-2015 5. Impeachment By Prior Inconsistent Statement

1. Villalon v. IAC 144 SCRA 443 (1986) 242

2. People v. Resabal 50 Phil. 780 (1927) 243

3. U.S. v. Webster 734 F.2d 1191 (7th Cir. 1984) 244

6. Impeachment By Other Means

1. Mosley v. Commonwealth 420 SW2d 679 (1967) 245

2. Coles v. Harsch 276 P. 248 (1929) 246

3. U.S. v. Medical Therapy Services 583 F.2d 36 (2d Cir. 1978) 247

4. Newton v. State 127 A. 123 (Md. 1924) 249

5. State v. Oswalt 381 P. 2d 617 (1963) 250

7. Refreshing Recollection

1. State v. People 319 S.E.2d 177 (1984) 252

8. Recalling Witnesses

1. People v. Del Castillo 25 SCRA 716 (1968) 254

2. Victorias Milling Co., Inc. Ong Su 79 SCRA 207 (1977) 255

3. People v. Rivera 200 SCRA 786 (1991) 257

9. Exclusion of Witnesses

1. People v. Sandal 54 Phil. 883 (1930) 259

2. State v. Bishop 492 P2d 509 (1972) 260


Atty. Lu, Thursday, 1st Sem, A.Y. 2014-2015 Authentication and Proof of Documents

Rule 132, Secs. 19-33;; E-Commerce Act, Secs. 5, 6-15;; REE, Rules 5, 6, 9 & 11.

1. Bunag v. CA 158 SCRA 299 (1988) 265

2. Heirs of Lacsa v. CA 197 SCRA 234 (1991) 266

3. Bartolome v. IAC 183 SCRA 102 (1990) 267

4. Pacific Asia Overseas v. NLRC 161 SCRA 122 (1988) 268

5. Zalamea v. Court of Appeals 228 SCRA 23 (1993) 269

6. People v. Monleon 74 SCRA 263 (1976) 270

7. Salison v. People 253 SCRA 758 (1996) 271

8. People vs. Lazaro 317 SCRA 435 (1999) 272

9. People v. Burgos 200 SCRA 67 (1991) 273

10. IBM Phils., Inc. v. NLRC 305 SCRA 592 (1999) 274

Offer and Objection

Rule 132, Secs. 34-40

1. People v. Cariño 165 SCRA 664 (1988)

2. Interpacific Transit v. Aviles 186 SCRA 385 (1990) 276

3. De los Reyes v. IAC 176 SCRA 394 (1989) 277

4. People v. Yatco 97 Phil. 940 (1955) 278

5. PHILAMGEN v. Sweet Lines, Inc. 212 SCRA 194 (1992) 280

6. Catuira v. CA 236 SCRA 398 (1994) 281

7. Vda. de Oñate v. Court of Appeals 250 SCRA 283 (1995) 282