table of contents • telematics products • software
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Telematics Architecture
www.continental-corporation.com IIC19 October 2018Alexandru Lupu © Continental AG
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Table of Contents
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• Telematics products • History, present and trends
• Software Architecture• 4+1 View applied on telematic products
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Early Telemetry in Automotive
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Early Telemetry in Automotive
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› “Tele communication Informaticsis the technology of sending, receiving and storing information via telecommunication devices in conjunction with effecting control on remote objects” (wikipedia)
› Telematics can be regarded as an evolution of telemetry (transmission of measurements from the origin to the location of computing and consumption without affecting control on the remote objects)
Definition (1)
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› In the automotive domain the term evolved to refer to automation in vehicles
› First products targeted emergency warning systems – e.g. automated crashnotification, emergency calls, roadside assistance, concierge (where is the closest gasstation?)
› Door locking/unlocking and stolen vehicle tracking were added as security-targetedfeatures (Boston bomb attack, stolen car had vehicle tracking)
› Remote diagnostics increased safety by early detection of failures
History – initial features
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› Recent introduction of 3G/4G mobile communication standards and cheap mobile data enabled permanent Internet connection
› Telematic Control Units were the first ECUs to support over-the-air software updates
› Infotainment head units benefitted as well – e.g. navigation data, internet radio streaming, web browsing, etc.
› Integrated WiFi modules allowed Internet connection sharing with passengers
History - Internet
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Telematics products – external actors
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› At a very high level telematics systems comprise:
› A processing unit connected to the local system’s control interface – serial port(s), data bus(es)
› A communication device (usually a cellular network device)
› A remote command and control center
› Telematics systems have a large domain of applicability – automotive, utility distribution (gas/electric), road safety, intelligent transportation, military, etc.
Applicability
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the telematics services can be categorized as below:
• Safety and Security
• Information and Navigation
• Entertainment
• Diagnostics
Types of telematic services
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› safety services include the automatic crash notification, emergency and medical assistance
› security services include stolen vehicle tracking, anti-theft alarm notification and remote door services
Safety and security
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Automatic crash notification GPS vehicle tracking system
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using the information and navigation services the vehicle occupant can get access to location sensitive information and content
example of services in this category:
• geofencing
• point of interest download
• turn by turn navigation assistance
Information and navigation
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example of services in this category:
• on demand direct music/video downloading
• internet radio
• streaming content and synchronization with home entertainment library
Entertainment services
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the diagnostics services include
• remote diagnostics
• performance data collection
• remote DTC scanning
• the TCU can perform detailed diagnostic scans when triggered remotely or when certain key thresholds are crossed
Diagnostics
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› Emergency calls – regulated (EU eCall, ERA)
› Remote door control
› Stolen Vehicle Tracking, Theft Alarm, Vehicle Locator
› Software Update over CAN
Software OverviewBasic Product Features
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Mandatory
Mandatory
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› Concierge and Roadside Assistance calls, information messages, remote diagnostics
› Geo-fencing (fleet management), navigation assistance (POIs & route download)
› Internet connectivity, WiFi hotspot
› Backend gateway
› OTA Software Updates for TCU and other ECUs
Software OverviewAdvanced Product Features
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› Core of the smart/connected car
› The TCU is the only ECU able to maintain a permanent connection with vehicle manufacturer’s backends for various scenarios
› Multiple “smart”/”connected” ECUs rather than a single one
› Non-critical ECUs will be required to implement a backend communication mechanism
› Remote software update of the entire vehicle becomes possible
› Faster vehicle data buses allow better integration with the HU
› Improved voice calls quality
› Smart device-like features – navigation/traffic, complete internet access, social media
Trends
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› Initial telematics ECUs comprised a NAD (Network access device) , a VuC and a GNSS (global-navigation-satellite-system) receiver
› The NAD (Network Attached Device) connects to the cellular network for voice calls and SMS
› The VuC (Vehicle MicroController) handles calls and incoming commands while also interfacing with the vehicle bus (crash notifications, power cycles, diagnostics, software update)
› The GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver provides location info to feature node(s)
› This design is still used for entry-level Telematics products
› Pros: easy implementation of basic functionality, low cost solution
› Cons: reduced set of features, low profitability, 2G nearing EOL
Hardware OverviewLegacy and Entry Designs
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TCUTCU
VuCVuC
FeaturesFeatures
Vehicle BusVehicle Bus
NADNAD
FeaturesFeatures
BasebandBaseband
CAN, LIN, …
GNSSGNSS
2G
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TCUTCU
› Expand on the entry level design through a powerful CPU that allows implementation of complex features – Internet connectivity, Over the air software update, remote diagnostics, navigation helpers
› 3G/4G/5G/etc. modems enable faster data speeds
› Extend connectivity options to WiFi, Bluetooth (Low Energy)
› Internet connection sharing with the Head Unit and vehicle passengers
› Wireless workshop diagnostics
› BRR (BroadR-Reach) enables high-quality audio connections to the HU for non-safety critical voice calls, internet radio streaming
› High quality and improved usability, but more expensive solution
Hardware OverviewMid and High End Designs
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VuCVuC
CAN, LIN, FlexRay, MOST, A2B, …
SoCSoC
APPAPP
GNSSGNSS MDMMDM
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Architecture definition
The Software Architecture is the organizational structure of the Software application describing the decomposition in its software subsystems (classes) with their connectivity and interaction mechanisms. It includes details related to principles and decisions used to build the Software.
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Why Architecture?
› Specify what needs to be created and how.
› Architecture creates a common understanding between all relevant stake holders about the final product and about the methods. ( Bedouin, Citizen, Martian).
UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a general-purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field of software engineering, that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.
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Architecture structure (4+1 view)
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Software Architectures includes different views
1. Logical View – specify how the end-user functionality will be implemented
2. Physical View – describes what piece of software will run on which hardware.
3. Process View – concepts for performance, concurrency, scalability.
4. Development View –configuration management and deliveries
5. Scenarios – use cases of the final product
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4.1
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How to create SW Architecure
1. Get all software requirements and system architectu re.
2. Create use cases based on requirements
3. Define or reuse software components that can fulfil l those use cases
4. Describe functional use case realization in logical view
5. Think about non functional requirements and create concepts for them in process view
6. If is not defined by System Architecture define where and how your piece of software will be deployed on hardware in physical view
7. If is not defined by an external team of System integration, define how your software will be integrated and delivered in deployment view.
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Requirements
› Most of the requirements are coming from Automotive Domain .
› We have to use embedded systems (they fit best into the auto vehicles)
› We have to use the buses available in auto vehicles (CAN, MOST). There are gateways from HW to SW.There are interfaces defined for each bus. Also drivers and specific binaries.
› We have to use busses available for embedded devices (USB, BlueTooth, I2C, I2S)
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Requirements - examples
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FMBeC - XXXX
If an automatic MB eCall is triggered, the system shall send the signal <S_SOS_LED_Status> (flashing), which activates the flashing of the LED in the SOS button.
Remark: The 1 Hz flashing frequency is generated by the SOS Button itself and is therefore no requirement for the TCU.
FMBeC - YYYY
The system shall provide the ability to end an automatic eCall by a single press on the MFL end button after the timer <V_KEYLOCK_TIMER_AUTOMATIC_ECALL> has expired.
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Architecture in Rhapsody - Scenarios
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• Scenarios can be created only based on requirements and are depicted in Use case diagrams.
• A use case defines an interactions between a role ("actor") and a system, to achieve a goal. The actor can be a human, an external system.
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Logical View – Requirements allocation / traceabilit y
› Allocate requirements to Subsystems is done using Object model diagrams.
› Requirements shall be:
- satisfied by subsystems or classes
- traced by use cases
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Remote door lock/unlock
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Remote UnlockUserUser
Locked CarKeys InCar
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Logical View – Sequence diagram
› Is the most commonly used diagram to show how objects (may be actors, components , classes, etc. ) interact with each other to satisfy desired behavior
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Remote Door lock
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Logical view –class diagram in Rhapsody.
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bdd [Package] ArchitecturalElements [decomp_TCAM]
ME_TCAM
«Block,ME»
EE_TCAM
«Block,EE»
SW_VUC
«Block,SW»
SW_OTP
«Block,SW»
SW_App
«Block,SW»
SW_BLE
«Block,SW»
SYA_TCAM_VGM::SYA_PhysArch_TCAM_VGM::ArchitecturalElements::TCAM
«Block,SY»
TCAM
«Block,SY»
«derive»
1 1 1 1 1 1
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Logical View - Activity Diagram
Activity diagram is basically a flow chart to represent the flow from one activity to another activity . The activity can be described as an operation of the system. So the control flow is drawn from one operation to another.
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Logical View – State chart Diagram
› Depicts a class functionality as a state machine.
› A class may have only one associated state or activity diagram
.
stm [Use Case] providePowerManagement [Power_States_BLE]
Standby
The exact description for the standby is to be checked with the BLE colleagues. This is to prevent potential missunderstandings.
In this context, the standby has the followig feature:- BLE is interruptable via SPI interface- BLE has no bluetooth activity, e.g. advertisement, etc. - BLE consumes as low power as possible
Active
Start_BLE_Activity_Command_Over_SPI
ERA_CallBack_Transition_CMD_Over_SPI
PowerUp_and_Init
PowerDownKL_30_or_BuB_Connection
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Development View – Model object diagram
› Mapping of SW Blocks to actual files and folders
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DAB_ApplicationAdapter1 «SW block»
«ref ine»
DAB Application Adaption
«ref ine»
DAB Core
DAB HMI Access Library
«ref ine»
dabHMIAccessLibrary1 «SW block»
«ref ine»
«ref ine»
DABCore1 «SW block»
«ref ine»
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Physical View - Deployment diagram
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Process View – Security (in Diagnostics connection)
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Questions
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Backup – System Architecture of telematic products
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the main components of a telematics system are as follows:
› • telematics control unit
› • telematics network operations system
› • wireless communications infrastructure
› • service provider call center
› • service/content provider
System Architecure
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Context diagram
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bdd [Package] Context [context_physical_TCAM]
itsCarKey:CarKey1
itsCarBattery:CarBattery1
itsSensorBLE:SensorBLE1
itsSmartDeviceBTLE:SmartDeviceBLE1
itsVolvoBackend:VolvoBackend1
itsCallPartner:VoiceCallPartner1
itsWiFiHotspot:WiFiHotspot1
itsWiFiClient:WiFiClient1
itsTPMS_Sensor:TPMS_Sensor1
itsAppleDevice:AppleDevice1
itsSDARS_satellite:SDARS_satellite1itsCEM:CEM1
itsECU_Airbag:ECU_Airbag1
itsEnvironmentalTemperature:EnvironmentalTemperature1
itsOHC:OHC1
itsBackupSpeaker:BackupSpeaker1
itsGNSS_satellite:GNSS_satellite1
Backup battery for TCAM is considered as part of TCAM
TCAM
«Block,SY»
powerOHC
«flow»
ButtonWakeUp:GPIO«flow»
BTLowEnergy:RF_Signal
«flow»
«flow»
WiFi:RF_Signal
«flow»
«flow»
«flow»
GSM:RF_Signal
«flow»
«flow»
OHC:A2B
«flow»
GNSS:RF_Signal«flow»
Speaker:Analog
«flow»
RKE:RF_Signal
«flow»«flow»
SDARSConnector:CoaxSDARS:RF_Signal«flow»
Airbag:GPIO
«flow»
DebugUSB:USB
«flow»
DebugSerial:Serial
«flow»
DebugJTAG:JTAG
«flow»
EnvTemp:Temperature
«flow»
CEM:K_line
«flow»
Infotainment:CAN
VGM:BroadRR
vehicle:Ubatt
«flow»
«flow»
«flow»
itsIHU:IHU1
«flow»
US variant only
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Internal
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ibd [Package] Context
[context_internal_TC AM ]
TCAM
«Block,SY»
itsSW_App_1:SW_App1
AudioManager:tpAC
HAL:tpHAL
OS:osAPI
NADIF:tpNADIF
itsSW_OTP_1:SW_OTP1
VehicleCommService:tpVCS
WiFiAntennaSwitch:GPIO
HAL:tpHAL
AudioController:tpAC
WiFiExternal:Antenna
VoCBaseFrame:VOC_UART
BackupMic:I2S
Reset:GPIO
OS:osAPI
eSIM:SIM
DebugSerial:Serial
NADIF:tpNADIF
Speaker:DAC
VGM:BroadRR
WiFiInternal:Antenna
GNSS:UART
Phone2:Antenna
Phone1:Antenna
ECallInternal:Antenna
DebugUSB:USB
VuC_IPC:INC
itsSW_VUC_1:SW_VUC1
AUDIO_MUTE:GPIO
VoCBaseFrame:VOC_UART
eCallAntennaDiag:ADC
Reset:GPIO
BLE_RTCwakeup:GPIO
eCallAntSwitch:GPIO
Phone1AntennaDiag:ADC
controlPSU:GPIO
OHC:I2C
SoC_IPC:INC
BLE:BLE_VUC_SPI
EnvTemp:ADC
ButtonWakeUp:GPIO
Infotainment:CAN
Airbag:GPIO
RKE:SPI
CEM:Serial
Vbatt:ADC
itsEE_TCAM_1:EE_TCAM1
BuBvariant:GPIO
BuBtemp:Temperature
BuB:Ubatt
ECallInternal:Antenna
Phone1:Antenna
PhoneWiFi:Antenna
WiFiInternal:Antenna
GNSS:Antenna
BTLowEnergy:Antenna
RKE:Antenna
outputSoC:StubInterfaceBlock
outputBLE:StubInterfaceBlock
outputVuC:StubInterfaceBlock
Inputs:StubInterfaceBlock
SDARSamplified:RF_Signal
SDARS:Antenna
itsME_TCAM_1:ME_TCAM1
autoEth:RosenbergerConnector
data:DataConnector20PIN
Outputs:StubInterfaceBlock
power:PowerConnector4PIN
SDARSoutput:RF_Signal
SDARSConnector:Coax
itsSW_BLE_1:SW_BLE1
BLE_RTCwakeup:GPIO
VuC:BLE_VUC_SPI
BTLowEnergy:RF_Signal
powerOHC
ButtonWakeUp:GPIO
BTLowEnergy:RF_Signal
WiFi:RF_Signal
GSM:RF_Signal
OHC:A2B
GNSS:RF_Signal
Speaker:Analog
RKE:RF_Signal
SDARSConnector:Coax SDARS:RF_Signal
Airbag:GPIO
DebugUSB:USB
DebugSerial:Serial
DebugJTAG:JTAG
EnvTemp:Temperature
CEM:K_line
Infotainment:CAN
VGM:BroadRR
vehicle:Ubatt
Refer to HW/SW Interface Description
BLE Chip
VuC
SoC
US variant