table of contents11.docx

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT iv

LIST OF FIGURES vii

LIST OF TABLES ix

CHAPTER 1 1

INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2 4

THEORY 4

2.1 Column Suo!"#$ Em%&n'm#n" 4

2.2 P!#lo&$in( 4

2.) v#!"i*&l $!&in+

2.4 S"on# *olumn ,

2.+ P#!viou- *on*!#"#

2./ lo&$ "!&n-0#! l&"0o!m

CHAPTER ) 1

).1 N##$ 0o! !#-#n" -"u$3 1

).2 O%#*"iv# &n$ -*o# o0 -"u$3 1

CHAPTER 4 11

LITERATURE RE5IE6 11

CHAPTER + )4

NU7ERICAL 7ODELLING )4

CHAPTER / )

DETAILED 6OR8 PLAN )

REFERENCE

LIST OF FIGURES



Fi(u!# 19 P!#lo&$in( o0 -u%-oil +

Fi(u!# 29 P!#lo&$in( :i"; v#!"i*&l $!&in- /

Fi(u!# )9 C!o-- -#*"ion o0 GESC<!#in0o!*#$ (!oun$ 14

Fi(u!# 49 T;!##<$im#n-ion&l *olumn &n$ uni" *#ll !#!#-#n"&"ion-9 =&> -"on# *olumn l&3ou"?

=%> )D *olumn? =*> &xi-3mm#"!i* uni" *#ll 14

Fi(u!# +9 D#v#lom#n" o0 #x*#-- o!# !#--u!# &n$ -#""l#m#n"9 =&> o!# :&"#! !#--u!#? =%>

-#""l#m#n" &n$ D#v#lom#n" o0 v#!"i*&l #00#*"iv# -"!#-- &n$ -"!#-- *on*#n"!&"ion

!&"io9 =&> #00#*"iv# -"!#--? =%> SCR 1+

Fi(u!# /9 7o$#l $im#n-ion- &n$ in-"!um#n"&l l&3ou" =uni"9 mm>9 =&> Pl&n# vi#:? =%>

C!o-- vi#: =C;#n #" &l. 211> 1,

Fi(u!# ,9 G#om#"!3 o0 num#!i*&l mo$#l in PLA@IS 2D =C;#n #" &l. 211> 1,

Fi(u!# 9 S#*"ion C!o-- &n$ Pl&n# 5i#: o0 T#-" Em%&n'm#n"- =C;&i #" &l. 1>2

Fi(u!# 9 S*;#m&"i* 7o$#l o0 ";# Uni" C#ll o0 Foun$&"ion R#in0o!*#$ %3 Column- =T&n #" &l.

21)> 22

Fi(u!# 19 T3i*&l -i"# *!o-- -#*"ion &n$ (#om#"!i* *;&!&*"#!i-"i*- =B!i&n*on #" &l. 212> 24

Fi(u!# 119 5i#: 0!om &%ov# ";# #m%&n'm#n" =B!i&n*on #" &l. 212> 24

Fi(u!# 129 G#o-3n";#"i* R#in0o!*#$ Column Suo!"#$ Em%&n'm#n" =Collin #" &l. 2+> 2+

Fi(u!# 1)9 Column L&3ou" =Collin #" &l. 2+> 2+

Fi(u!# 149 Lo&$ T!&n-0#! 7#*;&ni-m- =Collin #" &l. 2+> 2/

Fi(u!# 1+9 #!viou- *on*!#"# *om!#--iv# 2,

Fi(u!# 1/9 5#!"i*&l lo&$ v#!-u- $i-l&*#m#n" =Sul#im&n #" &l. 214> 2

Fi(u!# 1,9 -umm&!3 o0 !#--u!# *;&n(#- $#v#lo#$ &" #n$ o0 in-"&ll&"ion =Sul#im&n #" &l.

214> 2

Fi(u!# 19 C!o--<S#*"ion o0 Em%&n'm#n" 7o$#l 0o! FE7 S"u$i#- =7&$;3&nn&u #" &l.

2/> )1

Fi(u!# 19 Em%&n'm#n" on & -o0" -oil !#in0o!*#$ :i"; D7C =Oliv#i!& #" &l. 212> )1

Fi(u!# 29 S*;#m&"i* vi#: o0 -"on# *olumn 0oun$&"ion =S;&;u #" &l. 211> )2



Fi(u!# 219 I-om#"!i* vi#: o0 B&-#lin# mo$#l )D #m%&n'm#n" )/

Fi(u!# 229 I-om#!i* vi#: o0 B&-#lin# mo$#l )D *olumn ),

Fi(u!# 2)9 B&-#lin# vi#: o0 &xi-3mm#"!i* mo$#l ),



LIST OF TABLES

T&%l# 19 T3#- o0 v#!"i*&l $!&in- /

T&%l# 29 Summ&!3 o0 Li"#!&"u!#- 11

T&%l# )9 Summ&!3 o0 *on-"i"u"iv# mo$#l &!&m#"#!- 0o! -"on# *olumn *l&3 &n$ -&n$0ill

m&"#!i&l- 14

T&%l# 49 P!o#!"i#- o0 ";# Em%&n'm#n" ";# 7o$#l Su%-oil &n$ ";# S&n$ =C;#n #" &l.

211> 1/

T&%l# +9 7o$#l P&!&m#"#!- 0o! Su%-oil =C;&i #" &l. 1> 21

T&%l# /9 P&!&m#"#!- R#l&"#$ "o D!&in B#;&viou! =C;&i #" &l. 1> 21

T&%l# ,9 Soil P!o#!"i#- =B!i&n*on #" &l. 212> 24

T&%l# 9 P!o#!"i#- o0 T;!## T3#- o0 G!&nul&! Column- =Sul#im&n #" &l. 214> 2,

T&%l# 9 Com&!i-on o0 7&ximum S#""l#m#n" =7&$;3&nn&u #" &l. 2/> )

T&%l#19 Summ&!3 o0 L&%o!&"o!3 7o$#l T#-"- =S;&;u #" &l. 211> ))

T&%l# 119 P&!&m#"#!- 0o! B&-#lin# *&-# )



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I :i-; "o #x!#-- m3 (!&"i"u$# "o:&!$- m3 (ui$# S;!i .B P&"#l o0 Ali#$ 7#*;&ni*-

D#&!"m#n" 0o! ;i- v&lu&%l# (ui$&n*# &n$ 'in$ *o<o#!&"ion ";!ou(;ou" ";# !o#*". Hi-

#x*#ll#n" &$vi*# m&$# ";i- *!#$i" -#min&! o--i%l#. I &m &l-o ";&n'0ul "o m3 PG in *;&!(#

S;!i. S. P&"#l -i! 0o! !ovi$in( m# :i"; oo!"uni"3 "o !#-#n" m3 :o!'.

I &m (!&"#0ul "o m3 &!#n"- &n$ 0!i#n$- 0o! ";#i! -uo!" &n$ #n*ou!&(#m#n" "o

*oml#"# ";i- *ou!-#.

Fin&ll3 I &m ";&n'0ul "o on# &n$ &ll :;o ;#l#$ m# $i!#*"l3 o! in$i!#*"l3 ";!ou(;ou"

";i- !o#*" :o!' &n$ m&$# ";i- o--i%l#.

<D&n$u S;iv&



ABSTRACT

S"on# *olumn o! (!&nul&! *olumn i- & (!oun$ im!ov#m#n" "#*;niu# :i$#l3 u-#$

no:&$&3- "o im!ov# ";# lo&$ %#&!in( *&&*i"3 &n$ "o in*!#&-# ";# !&"# o0 *on-oli$&"ion %3

!ovi$in( v#!"i*&l $!&in&(# in :#&' -oil-. T;# m&o! i--u# :i"; -"on# *olumn i- ";&" i" 0&il- in

l&"#!&l %ul(in( &n$ ;#n*# ";# lo&$ %#&!in( *&&*i"3 $##n$- on ";# l&"#!&l *on0in#m#n" o0

-oil. Sin*# ;i(;l3 *om!#--i%l# -oil- *&nno" !ovi$# #nou(; l&"#!&l *on0in#m#n" -"on#

*olumn *&nno" %# u-#$ #00#*"iv#l3 in ";o-# *&-#-.

A n#: "#*;niu# ;&- #m#!(#$ !#*#n"l3 :;i*; u-#- #!viou- *on*!#"# *olumn &- &

-u%-"i"u"# "o -"on# *olumn-. P#!viou- *on*!#"# o! no 0in#- *on*!#"# i- & "3# o0 *on*!#"# m&$#

:i";ou" &$$in( 0in# &((!#(&"# &!"i*l#- &n$ ;&vin( #!m#&%ili"3 *om&!&%l# :i"; -"on#

*olumn m&"#!i&l-. T;# m&in &$v&n"&(# o0 u-in( #!viou- *on*!#"# *olumn ov#! -"on# *olumni- ";&" ";# 0&ilu!# i- #i";#! %3 un*;in( o! %3 -;#&! !&";#! ";&n %ul(in( &n$ ;#n*# ";# lo&$

%#&!in( *&&*i"3 i- in$##n$#n" o0 -u!!oun$in( -oil. So ";i- "#*;niu# *&n %# #00#*"iv#l3 u-#$

in ;i(;l3 *om!#--i%l# -oil-. Com&!i-ion o0 #!viou- *on*!#"# il# -uo!"in( #m%&n'm#n"-

%3 $i00#!#n" num#!i*&l &!o&*; -"u$3 #m;&i- ";# "im# :;il# mo$#llin(. FE7 %&-#$

-o0":&!# PLA@IS 2D &n$ PLA@IS )D :&- u-#$ 0o! %o"; mo$#llin( &n$ &n&l3-i-. Com%in#$

#00#*" o0 u-in( lo&$ "!&n-0#! l&"0o!m :i"; *omo-i"# #!viou- *on*!#"# *olumn- i- &l-o

in*lu$#$ in ";# -"u$3.

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