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Table of intersections in Pompeii Marina Weilguni, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, Box 626, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden The following table forms part of my dissertation presented at Uppsala University in September 2011. The main part of the thesis is called Streets, spaces and places: three Pompeiian movement axes analysed, Uppsala 2011. There, I present my analysis of three urban environments in Pompeii. As an appendix, Karin Fridell Anter presents a study of colour in public space. This table, and another table called Table of interior spatial units lining the Stabiana, Mercurio and Fauno movement axes in Pompeii, (found at the website http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-153180) display the facts underpinning my study and are scientifically inseparable from the printed analyses. The table underpins Chapter 6 in my printed dissertation, Circulation of wheeled traffic in Pompeii, pages 167-222. The dissertation builds upon an extensive gathering of facts, both by literature studies and, above all, fieldwork. The data presented in this table were gathered together with Karin Fridell Anter, and I later used them to establish this table. The large scale plans in Corpus Topographicum Pompeianum IIIb. The RICA maps of Pompeii, ed. H.B. van der Poel, Roma 1988, and in L. Eschebach & J. Müller-Trollius, Gebäudeverzeichnis und Stadtplan der antiken Stadt Pompeji, Köln 1993 were used as complements to these observations. The work done by S. Tsujimura on vehicular traffic in Pompeii, „Ruts in Pompeii. The traffic system in the Roman city‟, Opuscula Pompeiana 1, 1991, 58-86 also was of paramount importance in detailing the intersections. In Chapter 6 of my printed dissertation further references to relevant literature can be found. The numbers of the street intersections are shown on Fig. 43 in the thesis, here appended as Fig. 1. As for assumed street intersections in the not yet excavated parts of Pompeii, these are most often left unnumbered in Fig 1. Before my field work I was sometimes uncertain about the excavation status of an intersection, which has led to some of the unexcavated ones being included in this table. This is also true regarding some places that turned out not to be intersections for wheeled traffic at all in 79 AD. Some intersections also needed to be reconsidered which resulted in numbers like “70a”. For instance, what I had first understood as a four-way crossroads could turn out to be two T-intersections. In the table, top of page is given as north, and the true north-west on a map of Pompeii (for instance, where the Via Stabiana leaves by the Porta del Vesuvio) is considered as “north” in descriptions, all other directions following. The street corners are given as NW (north-west), NE (north-east), SW (south-west) and SE (south-east). Corner NE in the intersection between the Via dell‟Abbondanza and the Via Stabiana (intersection 80) is thus the south-west corner of insula IX 1. In column 1 the number of the intersection and sometimes a brief comment as to its status is given. In column 2 the form of the intersections is rendered schematically and not to scale. Streets issuing from an intersection may have been labeled “N” or “S1”, which simply means “north street” or “south street no 1”. Column 3 details corners around which wheel ruts are in evi dence, and column 4 other types of wheel ruts. When wheel ruts going straight along a street are noted, this does not mean they are present exactly in the intersection they are noted only as proof positive that this street was used for wheeled traffic. In column 5 the corners where the buildings surrounding the intersection have an obtuse angle (easy to turn around) to their corners are marked, and in column 6 and 7, stones protecting the sidewalks and/or buildings and degradation of street/sidewalk corners are detailed. Column 8 gives the streets that are blocked or made difficult for carts in intersections here obstacles that are possible to overcome with a cart are noted in the same way as absolutely blocked street

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Table of intersections in Pompeii

Marina Weilguni, Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, Uppsala University, Box

626, 751 26 Uppsala, Sweden

The following table forms part of my dissertation presented at Uppsala University in September 2011. The main part of the thesis is called Streets, spaces and

places: three Pompeiian movement axes analysed, Uppsala 2011. There, I present my analysis of three urban environments in Pompeii. As an appendix, Karin

Fridell Anter presents a study of colour in public space. This table, and another table called Table of interior spatial units lining the Stabiana, Mercurio and Fauno movement axes in Pompeii, (found at the website http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-153180) display the facts underpinning my study and

are scientifically inseparable from the printed analyses. The table underpins Chapter 6 in my printed dissertation, Circulation of wheeled traffic in Pompeii,

pages 167-222.

The dissertation builds upon an extensive gathering of facts, both by literature studies and, above all, fieldwork. The data presented in this table were gathered

together with Karin Fridell Anter, and I later used them to establish this table. The large scale plans in Corpus Topographicum Pompeianum

IIIb. The RICA maps of Pompeii, ed. H.B. van der Poel, Roma 1988, and in L. Eschebach & J. Müller-Trollius, Gebäudeverzeichnis und Stadtplan der antiken Stadt Pompeji, Köln 1993 were used as complements to these observations. The work done by S. Tsujimura on vehicular traffic in Pompeii, „Ruts in

Pompeii. The traffic system in the Roman city‟, Opuscula Pompeiana 1, 1991, 58-86 also was of paramount importance in detailing the intersections. In

Chapter 6 of my printed dissertation further references to relevant literature can be found.

The numbers of the street intersections are shown on Fig. 43 in the thesis, here appended as Fig. 1. As for assumed street intersections in the not yet excavated

parts of Pompeii, these are most often left unnumbered in Fig 1. Before my field work I was sometimes uncertain about the excavation status of an

intersection, which has led to some of the unexcavated ones being included in this table. This is also true regarding some places that turned out not to be intersections for wheeled traffic at all in 79 AD. Some intersections also needed to be reconsidered which resulted in numbers like “70a”. For instance, what I

had first understood as a four-way crossroads could turn out to be two T-intersections.

In the table, top of page is given as north, and the true north-west on a map of Pompeii (for instance, where the Via Stabiana leaves by the Porta del Vesuvio)

is considered as “north” in descriptions, all other directions following. The street corners are given as NW (north-west), NE (north-east), SW (south-west) and

SE (south-east). Corner NE in the intersection between the Via dell‟Abbondanza and the Via Stabiana (intersection 80) is thus the south-west corner of insula IX 1.

In column 1 the number of the intersection and sometimes a brief comment as to its status is given. In column 2 the form of the intersections is rendered

schematically and not to scale. Streets issuing from an intersection may have been labeled “N” or “S1”, which simply means “north street” or “south street no 1”. Column 3 details corners around which wheel ruts are in evidence, and column 4 other types of wheel ruts. When wheel ruts going straight along a street

are noted, this does not mean they are present exactly in the intersection – they are noted only as proof positive that this street was used for wheeled traffic. In

column 5 the corners where the buildings surrounding the intersection have an obtuse angle (easy to turn around) to their corners are marked, and in column 6 and 7, stones protecting the sidewalks and/or buildings and degradation of street/sidewalk corners are detailed. Column 8 gives the streets that are blocked or

made difficult for carts in intersections – here obstacles that are possible to overcome with a cart are noted in the same way as absolutely blocked street

entrances, since they would make turns into such a street infrequent. Column 9 lists other features of an intersection – what can be seen, what encourages a specific direction or makes it less inviting? Possibilities to turn around, etc. are also listed. And finally in column 10, my conclusions about turns around

insula corners in Pompeii are given.

The assumed direction of turnings in the last column shows my hypothetical conclusions from the indications perceived. Conclusions regarding turnings, that are part of the routes between city gates and important foci of the town presented in my dissertation, or otherwise extensively discussed in the text, are

rendered in bold lettering. Thus, those not rendered in bold lettering are more hypothetical than the rest, since they are not focused upon in my study. Many

intersections have a blank in column 10, meaning either there is no evidence, or the existing evidence yields little information relevant to my survey.

Some signs are used in the table:

+ a feature is near the intersection, but cannot be said to be part of the intersection proper

a turning which could not be/usually was not used. It is either blocked or provided with a marker possible to pass, but indicating that it may be unsuitable

* turning wheel ruts or blocking noted by S. Tsujimura, „Ruts in Pompeii. The traffic system in the Roman city‟, Opuscula Pompeiana 1, 1991,

58-86, that I could not verify during my fieldwork. ** turning wheel ruts or blocking noted by me 2004, not in S. Tsujimura „Ruts in Pompeii. The traffic system in the Roman city‟, Opuscula

Pompeiana 1, 1991, 58-86

largo an extension of a street or intersection, not a planned square or public place

N, S, E, W streets entering the intersection from the north, the south, the east and the west n, s, e, w indication of direction, “to the north” or “along the north side” etc.

Fig.1. Numbered intersections of Pompeii as referred to in this table.

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

1

Not inter-section.

Passage

through

gate.

East

pedestrian walk along

city wall?

Street lined

by protecting

stones

Possible to turn around outside or inside the

gate.

2

Not inter-

section

North end

by city

wall not

completely

excavated?

Dead end?

3

Not inter-

section

North end

by city

wall not

completely excavated?

To the north walled off in antiquity?

Dead end?

4

Not inter-

section

Interpretation difficult. Dead end in analogy

with no. 2 and 3?

5 Not inter-

section

Entrance to defence tower in city wall. Dead

end?

6

Not inter-

section

North end

by city

wall not

completely

excavated?

Dead end? Possibly no. 5 and 7 could be

reached.

7 Not inter-

section

North end by city

wall not

completely

excavated?

Dead end? Possibly no. 5 and 6 could be reached.

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

8

N

largo

S1 S2

From N to

S1 a worn area of the

largo

Inner

corner where

street S2

enters

largo.

Inner

corners of S1 and S2.

An area in

the NW of

largo

marked off

by stones

Sidewalk

suppressed to the north

along inner

sides of S1

and S2

From the north, S2 is the visually dominating

choice. From the south the dominating choice is to go north from S2.

Largo, turning possibility, gate

North/south

along S1,

crossing the

largo.

9

N1 N2

largo

S

Deep ruts

following

N1 to S

Inner

corners of

streets N1

and N2

where they

enter largo from the

north

Several by

fountain,

placed

where N1

and N2

enter largo. Along west

side of S

Fountain narrows N2, precludes U-turn

between N1 and N2. From the south N1

dominates visually.

Town gate in the north. Street N2 is seen to be

dead end.

North/south

along N1

and S

10

NE Straight E

Straight

N-S

NE NE

SE

Along east

side of

street N

NE,

building Largo and town gate visible to the north

Largo visible to the south. From north

to east

11

Pavement

rubbly and

broken

Straight all

streets

NW

SE

Street S

and W

sidewalk

suppressed

in inter-

section

Dead end to the north visible From south

to east

(turning

south to

west

earlier?)

12 Street N

not fully

excavated

Unclear Straight E-W

Straight S

NW SE

2, by water tower SW

Unclear Street N

blocked*

NW, NE

A water tower in the SW corner is placed north of a corner with an acute angle. Traffic around

this corner was made difficult (lack of view),

but not impossible.

Baths, commercial activity visible to the south.

Dead end to the north visible.

From south

to east

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

13

NW**

SE** possibly

caused by

slewing

E-W

Straight

E-W Straight S

NW

SE Indications

may also

be due to

the offset

between

streets W

and E.

NW

By

fountain

SW

A fountain (placed on west side of street S)

makes traffic from the south hold to the east of street S and thus effects a wide turn around

corner SW. Turning around corner SE is not

affected by the fountain, as street S is wide.

Forum and commercial Via del Foro, marked

by arches, visible to the south. Dead end to the

north visible.

From south

to east

14

Street N

not fully

excavated

NW

SE

NW Street S

unpaved turns SW, SE

Outjutting stone in sidewalk border with acute

angle NE prohibits turning around NE in

conjunction with a stepping stone. This is

emphasized by a possible white stone marker in

the corner.

Dead end to the north visible.

15

Street S

accumula-

ted dirt

Straight

E-W

NW

SE

By

fountain

SE, and

several

along north

side streets

E, W

A fountain (placed on the east side in street S)

in obtuse corner SE makes traffic from the

south hold to the west of street S and thus

effects a wide turn around corner SE. Turning

around corner with acute angle SW difficult.

Dead end to the north visible.

16

NW** NW

SE

NW

Several

along north

side street W, and

south side

street E

A water tower placed exactly in acute corner

SW obstructs view to the west and makes

turning difficult. From the south a turn east is

thus preferable.

Possibility to reverse by castellum acquae in

the north visible

From west

to north

From south

to east

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

17

Pavement broken.

Accumula-

tion of

earth.

SW*

Ruts hard to

interpret,

in bad

condition

Ruts

caused by slewing

E-W

Straight

N-S

NE

SW

Several by

fountain & water tow-

er NW

Along both

sides street

E

Sidewalk

SE

A fountain and a water tower (placed on west

side of street N) in NW corner do not severely affect turnings, as the street is wide. Obstructed

view westwards from the north.

Possibility to reverse by castellum acquae and

gate in the north visible.

From west

to south

From north

to east

18

Street N

not fully

excavated

Accumula-

tion of

earth.

Straight

E-W

NE

SW

NE

SW

4 SE

Sidewalk

SE

Unclear

19 Not

excavated

Unclear

20 Not

excavated,

except

street S

(not street

level)

Unclear

21

Not

excavated,

except

street S

(not street level)

Mostly

unclear

Straight S Along w

west side

of street S

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

22

N

largo

S1 S2

Deep ruts

N to S2 (Ruts N to

S1 before

79 AD)

Inner

corners of S1 and S2

where they

come into

largo

Where S2

merges into N,

west side

Rounded

corners of sidewalk

between S1

and S2

S1 is blocked

by bridge further south

From the north S2 dominates visually. From

the intersection the bridge in S1 is visible.

Largo, commercial area visible in the south.

North- and

southwards

via S2,

possible to

await turns

on largo

south of S2

23

Not inter-

section in

79 AD

Street in E-W

direction cuts

street in N-S

direction by

ramp up to

bridge

Street E dead end leading to entrance of private

dwelling.

24

N1 N2

largo

W E

Deep ruts

from N1 to E, crossing

largo.

Faint ruts

N2 to E.

Inner

corners between

N1 and N2

where they

come into

largo

Several by

fountain, between

N2 & N1

merging

with largo

Sidewalk

on the north side

of street E

joining

largo

A fountain between N1 & N2, where they

merge into the largo on the north side, makes U-turn between them difficult. From the east

on street E, the dead end of street W is visible,

and turning into N1 is visually dominant over

N2.

Reversing and waiting possibility in largo.

Baths to the south.

From north

on N1 to

east

From east to

north on N1

& N2

24a

Straight

E-W

SW Street S is

widened at

inter-

section

Street W dead end, but continuation to the

north in intersection 24visible. Baths adjacent.

Temple of Fortuna Augusta visible to the east.

From west

to south.

25

NE**

(NW ** predate 79

AD)

Straight

(faint) N Straight

(faint) S

NW NO sidewalk

NW, NE

A guiding stone has probably been removed in

the intersection. This was placed so as to impede turning round NW corner, and

encourage turning round NE corner.

Street W dead end. Baths adjacent. Temple of

Fortuna Augusta visible to the east.

From east to

north

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

26

SW**

NE**

E-W

Straight (faint) N

Straight

(faint) S

NW Sidewalk

SW

Raised paving stone c. 1 m from w sidewalk in

street S makes traffic from the south/west hold

to the east of street S wide turning around corner with acute angle SW (possible, wide

street).

In the north dead end visible.

Arch to the south marks area of Via del Foro.

Forum marked by another arch further south.

From east to

north.

From south

to west.

27

Accumula-

tion of

earth

Straight

E-W

NW NE

Several

along both

sides of

street W

Street N

unpaved turns NW, NE

North part of street N is not paved; rise to the

north is negotiated by steps in wide intervals.

28

NW Street N

blocked by

monolith NW, NE

No turning

possible

29 Accumula-

tion of

earth

NE Curving ruts caused

by slewing

E-W to

avoid

fountain.

NW NE Along w

side of

street N

Several

NW by

fountain

Stepping stone close to sidewalk on east side of street N, combined with protecting stone,

effects wide turn around corner with acute

angle NE, barely possible. This impedes turn

around NW corner with fountain, but possible

as its angle is obtuse.

From east to

north

29a

SW** Straight

E-W

Straight S

SE Stepping

stone SE

in street S

degraded

by traffic

Immediately before intersection traffic from the

south had visibility of continuation towards the

north via intersection 29.

From south

to west

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

30

Missing paving

stones

Accumula-

tion of

earth

SW

NE (faint) NW**

(faint)

Straight

E-W Straight N

NE

SW

NE

NW Along

north side

of street E

sidewalk

NW

Gap filled in between stepping stone and

sidewalk on west side of street N traffic forced east, wide turning around corner with acute angle NW.

Stepping stone close to sidewalk on east side of

street S traffic forced west, wide turning around corner with acute angle SE (no traces).

Possible, as wide streets.

Largo north-west with urban functions. 3 city

gates can be seen or inferred.

Bath under construction. Important

intersection.

From south

to west

From north

to east.

Possibly

north to

west?

31

Accumula-

tion of

earth

NE Along

north side

of street E

Bath under construction. Main intersection to

the west. Further north unclear, unexcavated.

32

No inter-

section

Street S to

narrow 79

AD

(SW

predate 79

AD)

33

Street N

partly not

excavated.

Accumula-

tion of earth

NW* Curved

ruts due to

slewing to

avoid

fountain

SE + Straight

N-S &E-W

NE

SW

2 by

fountain on

south side

of street E

No

sidewalk

on street

N?

Street S may

be too narrow?

City gate visible east. Lares SE (south side of

street E). Fountain on south side of street E.

Unclear surroundings to the north and south,

unexcavated area.

From north

to west

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

34

Street S partly not

excavated

2 on east

side of street S

No

sidewalk SE

Street N

blocked by passing

sidewalk

NW, NE

City gate visible east Unclear surroundings to

the north and south, unexcavated area.

35

Street S

partly not

excavated

NW &

worn area

around

corner NW

E-W

Straight N

2 SE

1 on west

side of

street S

City gate visible east Unclear surroundings to

the north and south, unexcavated area. From north

to west

36

Modern

blocking

by railway

bridge

Curving

ruts caused

by slewing

E-W to

avoid

fountain

SW

NW Street S

blocked, as this

is marked on

plan

SW, SE

Fountain and water tower on the south side of

street W unimportant, as street S was blocked.

City gate visible east. Unclear surroundings to

the north and south, unexcavated area.

37

Streets N & S not

excavated

beyond

inter-

section

Straight

E-W

NE

SE

Sidewalk

degraded to building

limit in

corner SE

Portico along the north side of street E impedes

vision eastwards from the north.

City gate visible east. Unclear surroundings to

the north and south, unexcavated area.

38

Streets N

& S not

excavated

beyond

inter-

section

NE

SE**

(faint)

City gate visible east. Unclear surroundings to

the north and south, unexcavated area. From east to

south

From north

to east

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

39

Streets N & S not

excavated

beyond

inter-

section

Straight

E-W Straight? S

SE (not in

situ?)

Streets N

& S lack sidewalks.

Sidewalk

NE

rounded.

City gate visible east. Unclear surroundings to

the north and south, unexcavated area.

40

Street N

not

excavated.

Street S

overgrown.

Straight

E-W

SW

Several SE

by fountain

Along both

sides of

street S

Sidewalk

SE.

Sidewalk

lacking on

east side of

street N.

Street N

blocked by

passing

sidewalk E-W

NW, NE

Fountain in corner SE (placed on south side of

street E) makes turn around 90 corner slightly more difficult. Blocks degraded the corner.

City gate visible east. Unclear surroundings to

the north and south, unexcavated area.

40a

Possible,

not cleared

inter-section 12

m east of

no. 40

Street N

could be a

paved

entrance-way. No

street S.

Mostly

unclear

City gate visible east. Unclear surroundings to

the north and south, unexcavated area.

41

Overgrown

Partly not

excavated.

Form

according

to plan

N, along

city

wall

gate

S1 S2

Along

city

wall

Unclear

E-W Possibility of reversal inside and outside city

gate may be assumed.

42

No inter-

section Accumula-

tion of soil

Straight S

Straight E

SE Street S

possibly

without sidewalk

90 turn in street, not

inter-section

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

43 (NE mostly

predate 79 AD, as

street N is

blocked in

no. 23)

Straight E NW SW

SE Several on

south side

of street E

Street S too

narrow and possibly walled

off by

obstacle SE, SW

Street N dead end, blocked in intersection 23.

E-W traffic impeded by stone c. 40 cm high in street W.

Not used as

intersection. Traffic

E-W

44

Straight N

Straight E

NE Sidewalk

NE

To the south two entrances through wall (one

arched) to staircases to Forum. In closed arch,

fountain with wolfs head? Sign with goat north

side of street E.

Baths. Commercial area Via del Foro & degli

Augustali visible.

From north

to east

45

Forum

NW* NW

NE

Forum blocked

by 2 upended

stones.

Street E has

built platform, steep rise.

Unlikely turns

around corners

SE & SW

Forum entrance marked by arch, with fountains

on north side of its pillars. A gate to the east of

the arch.

To the north extends Via del Foro with portico

in front of shops, baths, temple of Fortuna Augusta, another arch to the north. Extremely

wide street marked off as part of ”Forum area”

From west

to north

46

Street E

overgrown

SE

Straight

N-S

Straight E

SE SE Sidewalk

SE

Lares NE, on the north side of street E. From south

to east

47

(NW

predate 79

AD,

blocked by

stepping stone)

Straight

N-S &

E-W exact.

in inter-

section. Slewing N-

S & E-W

due to

fountain

NW.

NW

SW

Several by

fountain

NW

Fountain in corner NW (placed on north side of

street W) would press turning traffic to south

side of street to effect wide turn. This is

hindered by stepping stone further west.

No turns, as shown by ruts. White fountain marks route northwards

together with white fountain in intersection 70.

Commercial area mostly to the west, Via degli

Augustali. Turning around possible in the west.

Inter-section

seldom used

for turns 79

AD

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

48 SW * Straight

N-S Straight W

SW Stepping stone placed near south sidewalk of

street W, combined with outjutting sidewalk

presses traffic to the north for a wide turn around the corner with an obtuse angle SW.

Turning around corner NW with acute angle is

made very difficult.

Street W looks like a dead end from here.

From west

to south

49 Straight

N-S

NE Street E

blocked by

sidewalk NE, SE

No turns

possible.

Traffic N-S

on main

road.

50 largo

Straight

E-W

SW Street S

blocked by

raised plat-

form becoming sidewalk E-W

past street S SW, SE

The largo in the east of street S is on the same

level as the raised platform terminating the

street. The platform, and thus the largo, can be

reached by low ramp. This means reversing possibility for a cart from the south.

No turns

possible.

Traffic

E-W

51 NE

SW

Straight

N-S

Straight

E-W

NE

NW

SW

Several by

fountain

SW+

Several by

lares SE+

By water

tower NW

Water tower placed exactly in corner with

obtuse angle NW. This impedes sight from

west to north and north to west.

To the w commercial area Via degli Augustali.

Main road N-S, leading to gates.

Lares on south side of street E, fountain on

west side of street S.

From south

to west and

back

From east to

north

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

52

Street W not cleared

to street

level

Straight

N-S (predate 79

AD, street

partly built

over and

narrowed

later)

NE

SE

Streets N & W

blocked, too

narrow NW, NE & SW

Traffic flow southwards in Street S (known by

steering stone in intersection 79). Eventual traffic thus had to come from the east and go

south. (Traffic from the west blocker in

intersection 49)

Lares NW, north side of street W.

From the east

to the south.

53

NE

NW**

(all faint,

mostly

before 79 AD, as

connec-

tions few)

Curving

ruts due to

slewing

N-S

Straight all directions

NE

SW

2 NW The one stepping stone in street N is closer to

east side of street presses traffic to the east for a wide turn around corner with acute angle

NW. Turning around corner with obtuse angle

NE is made more difficult.

Intersection connects with no. 52, blocked n

and w.

From north

to west

54

Not fully

excavated

Mostly

unclear

Straight N NW 3 SW

55

Not

excavated

Unclear

56

(SE,

predate 79

AD)

Ruts

follow

street N

and S

SE Street E

blocked by

fountain NE,

placed on n

side of street E

NE, SE

Fountain on north side of street E. Turn not

possible,

traffic S-N

57

Not inter-

section

NW Because of blocking to the north (intersection

43) and street N too narrow, and street W

(intersection 56) blocked, no wheeled traffic.

No wheeled

traffic

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

58

Straight

N-S Faint ruts

onto ramp

street W

NE

SW

Street E

blocked by water tower on

s side street E,

narrowed

further in NE, SE

A white fountain visible as a marker for

itinerary northwards in intersection 47. (Similar fountain is passed in intersection 70).

Street W dead end with a raised platform

accessed by ramp by back door of Macellum.

Reversion possibility there.

From south

to west and back

59 Faintly

used area

from south

to east

SW

Several by

fountain

SE

Street S

widens to

the north

Street W

blocked by

outjutting

podium, too

narrow SW

Largo to the north, on sidewalk level.

Reversing possibility in intersection.

Traffic

around SE

corner.

60

N1 N2

S

Ruts N2 to

S, curving

N1 to S

with deep

braking?

traces in S

SW On the

west side

where N1

merges

into S

Building

and

sidewalk

rounded

between

N1 & N2

From the south N2 is visually dominant. N2 is

a dead end, blocked in intersection 50. N1 is

connected to intersection 59, which is blocked

in the west, and has no traffic flow from

blocked intersection 71. Not heavily used 79

AD.

Seldom

from N1 to

S, occ.

from S to

N2 and

back

61 Straight N-S

NE SW

NE White fountain serving as marker for itinerary northwards visible in intersection 47

Street W dead end

62

(SW**,

mostly

before 79

AD)

Curving

ruts due to

slewing N-

S

NE

SW

Street S difficult to access at intersection 71.

Street E has no doors.

Occasio-

nal use 79

AD

63 SW?** Straight

N-S

Straight W

(faint)

NW Going south wide street ( Via dei Teatri) and

turning possibilities visible

East side of streets N and S commercial area

From south

to west?

64

Not inter-section

Entrance

through city gate,

exit too

steep

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

65

NW

(possibly pre-79 AD,

due to

slewing n-

s, south

street later

obliterated)

Straight N NE By column

NW

Street E

blocked **by outjutting high

sidewalk that

narrows passa-

ge NE, SE

In 79 AD traffic could only possibly have come

from the north and turned back there.

Forum visible in the east

66

Not inter-

section.

Pedestrian

entrance to

Forum from west

79 AD no

wheeled

traffic bet-

ween no.65

& no. 66

67

Not inter-

section.

Pedestrian

entrance to

Forum

from west

79 AD no

wheeled

traffic

could reach

this point

68

Not inter-

section.

Wide dead

end from the east.

Fo-

rum

Street E

blocked. Side-

walk around

short end of

street, gate, 3 upended white

stones NE, SE

Blocking and white stones marking dead end.

Forum. Wide street with facades of public

buildings. Reversing possibility on fairly wide

street.

No turn

possible

69

Not inter-

section.

Dead end

from the

south..

Forum 3 by

fountain on

short end

street S

Street S

blocked. Side-

walk around

short end of

street, fountain,

column

Blocking and fountain marking dead end.

Forum. Reversing possibility on fairly wide

street.

No turn

possible

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

70a SE? Straight

E-W

SW Sidewalk

ends before corner on

both sides

SW

The blocked street W in intersection 68 visible,

as well as Forum. White fountain in intersection 70 marking itinerary northwards

visible. E-W broad main street with facades of

public buildings

From south

to east From south

to

west/back

70

NW**

NE*

Straight

E-W

Straight N

NE 2 by

fountain

NW

Sidewalk

NW

Fountain placed on north side of street W forces traffic south, effecting wide turn around

corner with acute angle NW. The white

fountain is a marker for itinerary northwards

together with fountain in intersection 47.

Forum and blocked street in intersection 68

visible.

From east

to north

From west

to north

after

turning at

dead end in

no. 68

71

Accumula-

tion of soil,

street S partly

covered

(Straight

E-W,

mostly

before 70 AD)

NE Sidewalk

SW & SE

Street N diffi-

cult access, a

vault of paving

stones impedes entrance into

intersection.

Ramp both

sides, difficult

NW, NE

Forum and blocked street in intersection 68

visible. The white fountain in intersection 70,

marker for itinerary northwards together with

fountain in intersection 47, visible. Street S dead end.

72

SW Straight

E-W

Straight

N-S

NW Several

along east

side of

street S

In street S gaps between stepping stones have

been filled in with lesser stones slight ”hump”, but does not impede passage.

Rosette signs SE, lares NW. Forum and

blocked street in intersection 68 visible. The

white fountain in intersection 70 visible.

To the west important commercial area, baths.

From

south to

west

73 Not inter-

section

NE Fountain exactly in corner SW No inter-

section.

90 turn

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

74

Accumu-lation of

soil

Unclear Unclear NE Water tower on north side of street E impedes

vision to the north from east.

75

E to W

Probably

caused by

slewing

E-W

NE NE

2 by

fountain

SE+, 1

opposite

Street W

widens in

inter-

section

Fountain placed on south side of street E away

from intersection. Does not impede traffic.

76

NE**

SE?**

Ruts in

corner SE

may be caused by

slewing N-

S.

Ruts

indicating

U-turn E to

E

NE

SE

No

sidewalk

west side

of street S

Fountain SE, placed on south side of street E.

Does not impede traffic. Street E wide. To the

south-east portico of Foro Traingolare.

From east

to north

77

Not inter-

section

Ruts

follow the

turning

street

NW NW No inter-

section.

90 turn

78

Accumula-

tion of soil

NE Straight

N-S

Straight E

NE Sidewalk

NE & SE

Monolith in intersection 79 separates traffic

flow coming from west and north (cf. no. 79)

This means traffic flow is from north to east in

this intersection.

From

north to

east

79

SW Straight

N-S Straight W

SW By

fountain SE

Sidewalk

and building

SW

Monolith in the intersection separates traffic

flow coming from west and north (if traffic flowed in opposite directions the stone would

have no meaning) This means traffic flow from

north and west goes to the south.

From west

to south

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

80

NE Straight

N-S Straight

E and W

NE

SW

Along

level difference

where

street W

comes in.

Several by

fountain

SE

Street W

blocked by level difference

NW, SW

Fountain and water tower in corner SE are no

traffic impediments as streets are very wide. In spite of blocking west is singled out as

direction towards the town‟s public centre.

Main intersection in town.

Immediately west of intersection important

commercial area, baths. Steps negotiate level

difference to the west, situated NW.

From east

to north

81

NE

SW?

Ruts SW

may be due

to slewing

Straight

E-W

Straight N

NE

SW

SW Street S

widens in

corner SE

Widening street S and protection stone SW

indication for traffic to keep east, this effects

wide turn around corner with obtuse angle SW

or facilitates slewing north-south.

Direction west for public centre is clear, as is

blocking westwards in no. 80

From

north to

east

82

Street N

not excava-

ted,

modern

scaffolding

NE?**

Probably

due to

slewing

E-W, due

to fountain

NE

Straight

E-W

NE

SW

Several by

fountain

NE

Along both

sides of

street W

Street S

blocked by

sidewalk,

unpaved SW, SE

Stone blocking gap between stepping stone and

sidewalk, placed in street N, east side traffic forced west, wide turn around corner

with obtuse angle NE. Fountain placed in street

E, north side, compounds effect.

Turn around corner with acute angle NW

difficult.

Direction west for public centre is clear. North

unexcavated, unclear.

83

Street N

under modern

protective

covering

Street S

partly

covered

SW, no

sidewalk

street S

Streets N & S

enter inter-

section at higher level

than streets E

& W. Ramps.

all turns

Direction west for public centre is clear. North

unexcavated, unclear.

Lares SE +, placed on east side of street S.

Seldom

used as

inter-section.

Main

traffic flow

E-W

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

84

Street N modern

work

ongoing

Straight

E-W, avoiding

fountain

SE

2 by

fountain SE

Streets N & S

walled off at the level of

sidewalk all turns

North unexcavated, unclear. Fountain placed

on south side of street E.

Turn not

possible

85

Street N

not excava-

ted

Straight

E-W

Street S

blocked by

sidewalk SW, SE

North unexcavated, unclear.

Lares SE, placed on east side of street S

86

Street N

not excava-

ted

SW

(may

predate 79

AD)

Straight

E-W

Straight N

SE

Several by

lares SW

corner.

Along both sides of

street S

Street S may

be too narrow?

Street S ramp

built around

stepping stone?

SW, SE

North unexcavated, unclear.

Fountain SE, placed on south side of street E

From

north to

west,

though no

traces

87

Street N

not excava-

ted

Accumula-

tion of soil.

SW*

(may

predate 79

AD)

Straight

E-W

Along east

side of

street S (no

sidewalk),

some on

west side

(sidewalk)

SW?

SE?

Street N

blocked by

sidewalk NW, NE

Street S ramp

to higher level

SW, SE

North unexcavated, unclear.

Turn

to/from

north

impossible.

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

88

Street N partly not

excavated

Accumula-

tion of soil.

SW Curving

ruts due to slewing N-

S, a stone

blocks the

gap in

stepping

stones NW

Straight E-

W

Several by

lares SE At start of

sidewalk to

the south,

SE+

No

sidewalk SE

Stepping stones in street N have gap blocked

between stones and west sidewalk. Traffic is forced east, implying a wide turn around NW

corner (no ruts). No turns are obstructed, but

turn around corner with angle NE would be

more difficult. All angles almost 90.

Town gates south and east. North unexcavated

beyond street N, unclear.

From south

to west

89

Street N

not excava-

ted

Straight

E-W

Several

NW,

several NE

Street S

blocked by

sidewalk SW, SE

Water tower in corner SE does not affect

turning, as Street S is blocked

Town gate east. North unexcavated, unclear.

Turn

to/from

south

impossible

90

Street N

not excava-

ted

Accumula-

tion of soil.

NE?** Straight

E-W

NE

Several

east side of

street N

Several

south side

of street W

Street S

blocked by

sidewalk SW, SE

Street S possible to close by gate. Town gate

east. North unexcavated, unclear. Turn

to/from

south

impossible

91

Street N

not excava-

ted

NE Straight

E-W

Sidewalk

NW &

slightly NE

Street S

blocked by

sidewalk SW, SE

Fountain in corner SW does not affect turning,

as street S is blocked. Street S possible to close

by gate.

Town gate east. North unexcavated, unclear.

Turn

to/from

south

impossible

92

Unclear if

street N

exists,

unexca-

vated

? SE** Several SE

Several

south side

of street W

Unclear if

street N exists

Portico obstructs vision on the south side of

street E. Street S possible to close by gate.

Town gate east. North unexcavated, unclear.

From east to

south and

back

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

93

Unclear. Partly not

excavated.

Form

according

to plan

walk

along wall ?

gate

Unclear

Probably only pedestrian street along the wall

to the south and north.

94

NE**

SW**

(possibly

ruts caused

by slewing

E-W)

Straight

N-S

Straight

E-W

NE

SW

Several

north side

of street E

Theatre area to the southwest, town gate south.

Wide street west, turning possibility. From south

to west

From north

to east

95

NE?** Straight

E-W Straight

N-S Ruts due to

slewing

N-S

NE

SW

NW

2 NE West side

of street S

In the east the impression is of a dead end

street, but it is wide with turning possibility From north

to east

96

SW** SW

2 NW

SW by

fountain

Street W

widens

Street N

unpaved,

formed in plat-

forms, gate NW, NE

The widening street W gives reversing

possibilities. Paving up to gate north also

permits reversing.

From west

to south

97

Street E

not excava-

ted to

street level

Unclear Street N

partly

unpaved?

Modern

work.

NE Unclear Street S gives the visual impression of being a

dead end

From north

to east

98

Not

excavated

to street

level

Unclear

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

99

Not exc. to street level,

street S

unexcava-

ted

Mostly

unclear

Street S may

be too narrow

100

Not

excavated

to street

level

Mostly

unclear

NE

2 by

fountain

SE

Fountain exactly in corner SE

101

Not

excavated

to street level

Mostly

unclear

Straight E NW

SE by end

of sidewalk

east side street S

Corner SE

has no

sidewalk

on street S

102

Not

excavated

to street

level

Mostly

unclear

In all

corners

Along east

side of

street S

South of

corner SW

no

sidewalk?

103

Street W

not

excavated

to street

level

SW Straight

N-S

SW

2 by

fountain

NW

Along both

sides street W

Street E

blocked by two

steps NE, SE Also gate.

Fountain exactly in corner NW. Lares NW, on

west side of street N. Town gate to the south. From west

to south

104

Not

excavated

to street

level

Unclear Unclear 2 SW

NW

NE?

Street S dead end. Street E turns into wide,

open space, amphitheatre, palaestra

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

105

Not excavated

to street

level

Unclear Unclear NE Unclear Street E wide, open space, amphitheatre,

palaestra

106

Not

excavated

to street

level

Unclear Unclear NE

NW

Unclear Street N

possible to

close by gate

Street E to W wide, open space, amphitheatre,

palaestra

107

Not

excavated

to street

level

Unclear Unclear 2 NW Unclear Street E to W wide, open space, amphitheatre,

palaestra

108 Not inter-

section

Dead end north, from

amphi-

theatre

space

109

NE

SE

Street E

blocked by

sidewalk NE, SE

Town gate to the south. Theatre area to the

west. Turn

impossible

110

SW Street W

blocked further

in by building

feature NW, SW

It is possible to turn into street W , it forms a

dead end further from the intersection

111

Not inter-

section

NW NW,

protects

house entrance

No inter-

section.

90 turn

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

112

(SE, before

79 AD)

Straight

N-S

2 SE SE has no

sidewalk in corner

Town gate to the south. Visible that street E not

passable beyond next intersection

113

Street E & S

not passable,

building

features?

Street W becomes a dead end from intersection

112 Turn

impossible

114

Street N

not exc.to

street level

Street E

not

excavated

? NW SW

SE

Unclear Street W not

passable

further on,

building

features? SW, NW

Fountain on the west side of street S. Otherwise

unclear

115 Unexcava-

ted

Unclear

116

Unexcava-

ted

Unclear

117

Not

excavated

to street

level

Mostly

unclear

Largo NW,

uncertain if

street level

118

Not

excavated

to street level

Unclear

119

Not

excavated

to street

level

Mostly

unclear

Street E probably reversing possibility beyond

intersection

Inter-

section

no.

Form Corners

with

turning

ruts

Other ruts Obtuse

street

corner

angles

Protecting

stones

Degraded

sidewalk,

building

corner etc.

Blocked or

difficult street

entrance in

intersection

Indication obstructing or encouraging a

specific turn; consequences.

Other indication affecting choice of

direction.

Assumed

direction of

turning

120

SW Sidewalk

SW

Street E

blocked by

sidewalk NE, SE

Town gate to the south From south

to west

121

Not

excavated

to street

level

Unclear

Street S dead end

122

Not inter-

section,

passage

through

town gate

Walkways

to the east

and west?

Possibility of turning/waiting inside gate

123 - 129

Partly

unexcava-ted

Unclear

130

Not inter-

section

Passage

through

town gate

Possibly

walkways

east and

west

No turning possibilities inside gate, only

outside. Large enough space to let other carts

pass by.

131

Not inter-

section

dead end

street from north

Possibly

walkways

east and

west