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Liquid Assets Community Toolkit // Table of Contents // 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 Community Discussions Guide

4 Why community discussions are important

4 Video resources

4 Potential community partners

5 Defininglocalissuesandgoals

5 Suggestionsformeetingsandevents

6 Planning and Moderating Events

7 Eventplanningchecklist

8 Eventarrangements

9 Moderatorguidelines

10 Discussion questions

11 Video Resources

12 Chapter Summary

13 Chapter 1—Introduction

13 Chapter 2—Three Systems: DrinkingWater,Wastewater, andStormwater

14 Chapter 3—The National Problem

14 Chapter4—TheValueofWater

14 Chapter5—TheFundingGap

15 Chapter6—NewYorkCity: System Complexity & Watershed Protection

15 Chapter7—FederalRegulations

15 Chapter8—Pittsburgh: Watershed Politics

16 Chapter9—Herminie,Pennsylvania: ASmall-TownStruggle

16 Chapter10—LosAngeles: ProtectingtheBeaches

17 Chapter11—LasVegas: SustainingWaterResources

17 Chapter12—AssetManagement

17 Chapter13—FindingtheFunds

18 Chapter 14—Atlanta: LeadershipDrivesChange

18 Chapter 15—Conclusion

18 Chapter 16—Credits

19 Glossary

23 Frequently Asked Questions

Liquid Assets Community Toolkit // Community Discussions Guide // 3

COMMUNITY DISCUSSIONS GUIDEThisguideprovidessuggestionsforplanning community discussions about the Liquid Assets documentaryandlocalwaterinfrastructureissues. Itismeantforpublicbroadcastingstations,municipalities,communitygroups,andotherstakeholderswithaninterest inraisingpublicawarenessofthechallengesfacing U.S.waterinfrastructure.

Table of Contents 4 Why community discussions are important

4 Video resources

4 Potential community partners

5 Defininglocalissuesandgoals

5 Suggestionsformeetingsandevents


// COMMUNITY DISCUSSIONS GUIDE //

Why community discussions are importantLiquid Assets: The Story of Our Water Infrastructure raisestimelyissuesthatarerelevanttocitiesandtownsacrosstheUnitedStates.Waterinfrastructureplaysacriticalroleinprotectingpublichealth,promotingeconomicprosperity,andensuring agoodqualityoflife.Thoughlargelyoutofsight andoutofmind,manyofthesecomplexsystems areaging,neglected,andinneedofimmediatenationalandlocalattention.Whetherthechallengescallforimmediateactionorrequirelong-termplanning,communitiesthroughoutthecountryarefacingbigfinancialhurdlesandtheseriousconsequencesofanagingwaterinfrastructure.

Becausemanypeoplesharethesamewatershed,communitieswillneedtoworkacrossboundaries toensuresafeandeffectivewatersystemsnowandintothefuture.Incommunitydiscussions,people canshareideas,communicatelocalissues, buildlastingrelationships,andplanforthefuture.

Video resourcesThe Liquid AssetsdocumentaryisavailableonDVD soitcanbeviewedanddiscussedatanytime. TheDVDincludesthefull-lengthdocumentary, afour-minutepreview,anda16-minuteoverview. Thedocumentaryischapteredsothatgroups canusethesectionsthataremostrelevant totheirlocalcircumstancesandconcerns. Whethercommunitygroupsshowtheentiredocumentaryorjustaportion,Liquid Assets willhelpmakeiteasierforpeopletounderstandtheimportanceandcomplexitiesofour waterinfrastructure.

Potential community partners Communitygroupsmaywanttoconsiderpartneringwithothergroupsonacommunitydiscussion.Differentgroupsbringavarietyofperspectives,relationshipsandnetworks,waterexpertise, andorganizationalassetstothetable.

Examples of valuable community partners:

publictelevisionstations(managers,•programmers,andcommunityrelationsstaff)

public radio stations•

municipalities•

waterutilities•

localandregionalofficesandchaptersofthe•Liquid Assets outreach partners:

AmericanSocietyofCivilEngineers(ASCE) »

International City/County »ManagementAssociation(ICMA)

NationalEnvironmental »ServicesCenter(NESC)

YourlocalCooperativeExtension »

WaterEnvironmentFederation,AmericanWater•WorksAssociationandotherwaterorganizations.

All the • Liquid Assets outreachfunderslistedatwww.liquidassets.psu.edu

civicgroups•

cityorcountymanagers•

governmentofficials•

realtors’ associations•

chambersofcommerce•

serviceorganizationssuchasKiwanis,Rotary, •and Lions clubs

communityoruniversitylibraries•

propertyowners,developers,and •neighborhoodassociations

fraternalorganizations,suchasVFWandElks•

LeagueofWomenVoters•

environmentalgroupsorclubs•


// COMMUNITY DISCUSSIONS GUIDE //

Defining local issues and goalsCommunitypartnerscancollectivelydetermine localconcerns,sharedgoals,andwhichaudiences toinvitetotheirdiscussions.Someoftheissues thatthepublicmaywanttobetterunderstand and discuss are:

theimportanceofwaterinfrastructure •forpublichealthandtheeconomy

thecomplexityofthelocalwatersystem•

thefinancialneedsforsustaining •ouragingwaterinfrastructure

whywaterandsewageratesmayincrease•

federalregulationsregardingwaterinfrastructure•

howwatershedsareshared •bysurroundingcommunities

Suggestions for meetings and eventsEffectivecommunitydiscussionswillrequirecollaborativeandknowledgeablepartners tohelpmakeconnections,acommitmenttobuildinglong-termrelationships,andthepowerfulvisualimagesprovidedbytheLiquid Assets documentary

andvideoresources.

Local public television stations may want to conduct:Panel DiscussionsYourlocalpublictelevisionstationmaywant toholdapaneldiscussioninconjunctionwiththeLiquid Assetsbroadcast.Thepaneldiscussionitselfcanbetapedforlocalbroadcast.Itcanbringtogetherwaterandwastewaterutilityprofessionals, publicofficials,andcommunitymembers.

Local Call-in ShowsLocalpublictelevisionorradiostationsmaywant toproducecall-inshowsthatinvitethepublic tosharetheiropinionsinresponsetotheairing ofthedocumentary.

Local ProductionsLocalpublictelevisionstationsmaybeinterestedinfilmingtheirown30-minuteproductiontoreviewthewaysthattheirlocalwaterinfrastructureaffects thelocaleconomyandtointerviewexpertsandleadersfortheirperspectives.Thelocalproductioncouldfitintothebroadcastscheduleimmediatelyfollowingtheairingofthe90-minuteLiquid Assetsdocumentary.

Community groups may want to hold:Public Screenings of the DocumentaryEnvironmentalorganizations,municipalities, andcivicgroupsmaywanttoshowtheentire90-minutedocumentaryorspecificchapters atapublicmeeting.Attheendofthescreening,representativesfromlocalgovernmentor thewatercompanycouldaddressquestions fromcommunitymembers.

Community MeetingsThe16-minuteoverviewcanbeshownaspartof aspecialcommunitymeetingonwaterinfrastructure,oraspartofaregularlyscheduledmeetingofenvironmental,professional,orcivicorganizations.

Local EventsAtlocaleventssuchasfairs,conventions, EarthDay,WorldWaterDay,streamcleanups, andotherenvironmentalevents,groupsmaywish tousethefour-minutepreviewtostimulateinterest inseeingthedocumentaryonlocaltelevision orattendingacommunitydiscussion.

Liquid Assets Community Toolkit // Planning and Moderating Events // 6

PLANNING AND MODERATING EVENTSTable of Contents 7 Eventplanningchecklist

8 Eventarrangements

9 Moderatorguidelines

10 Discussion questions


// PLANNING AND MODERATING EVENTS //

Event planning checklistEVENT

Name of the event ❏

Type of event, such as a screening, ❏breakfast or town hall meeting

DATE

When will the event be held? ❏

Has the date/location been approved by ❏all the necessary parties?

Does the date conflict with other events? ❏

TIME

When will setup begin? ❏

When will the guests arrive? ❏

When will the event begin? ❏

When will the event end? ❏

When will breakdown end? ❏

LOCATION

Where will the event be held? ❏

Is the location accessible to the public? ❏

What is the room capacity? ❏

Is the room handicapped accessible? ❏

Are permits or legal paperwork required? ❏

HOST/HOSTESS/ HOSTING ORGANIzATION

Who is hosting the event? ❏

EVENT CO-SPONSORS

Who else needs to be acknowledged ❏in remarks/printed materials?

Do they need to approve ❏decisions/plans?

EVENT COORDINATOR

What is the event coordinator ❏contact information?

INVITATIONS

Will the event require an invitation list? ❏

Will an invitation need ❏to be designed/printed?

Who will compile the invitation list? ❏

Who needs to approve of the ❏invitation design and guest list?

How many seats are expected to be filled ❏at the event?

Are RSVPs necessary? If so, who ❏will be coordinating them? What is the RSVP deadline?

FOR PUBLIC EVENTS

Will you need event promotions ❏to secure attendance?

Will the event require ads ❏to be designed/placed?

Will the event require signs/flyers ❏to be designed/printed?

Will the event require a release to be sent ❏to the media?

Should the press be invited to attend? ❏

ExPECTED ATTENDANCE

How many guests are expected? ❏

BUDGET/ExPENSES

What is the budget for this project ❏and anticipated expenses?

Was a maximum amount allotted ❏for the event and its promotion?



Event arrangements checklist Indicatearrangements,ifany, fortheseservices:

AUDIO/VISUAL

Required? ❏

Remote microphones? ❏

COAT RACk/CHECk

Located where? ❏

NAME TAGS

Necessary? ❏

Who will create? ❏

PARkING

Available where? ❏

Available when? ❏

Charge? ❏

PUBLIC FACILITIES

Located where? ❏

RENTALS/DELIVERIES

Vendors? ❏

Arranged by? ❏

Delivery times? ❏

What services such as linens, ❏decorations, floral arrangements, favors are required?

SEATING

Arranged seating? ❏

Does a seating chart need ❏to be created/approved?

Where and who? ❏

SET-UP

Who? ❏

Times? ❏

EMERGENCY NUMBERS

What are the local hospital, fire, ❏and emergency numbers?

CATERING

Will you need a caterer? ❏

Contact information? ❏

Arrival time? ❏

Food/menu selections? ❏

What will the caterer provide, such as ❏flatware, linens and paper products, food and beverages, setup/tear down?

HOSTING STAFF

What will the hosting staff provide? ❏

Floral arrangement? ❏

Reception plates and cups? ❏



Moderator guidelines checklistPRECEDING THE EVENT

Determine the composition and size of ❏the prospective audience.

Preview the ❏ Liquid Assets documentary on DVD, read the companion materials in the Community Toolkit (www.liquidassets.psu.edu) and browse through what is available on the Web site, to familiarize yourself and gain a full understanding of the issues the documentary raises.

Design the agenda around the target ❏outcome for the event (i.e., greater awareness of the water infrastructure; continued community discussion about water infrastructure).

Based on your goals for the event, select ❏the four-minute preview, the 16-minute overview, or specific sections of the documentary to show at the event. Refer to the chapter summaries and the video resources link in the Community Toolkit (www.liquidassets.psu.edu) to determine which videos best match local issues.

For large groups, consider breaking ❏into smaller groups for discussion with designated group facilitators.

Outline key points and open-ended ❏questions for your introduction of the video and the group discussion.

Outline concepts to review during ❏the wrap-up.

Collaborate with community partners ❏to establish plans for building upon this discussion.

EVENT DAY

Divide the session into sections: ❏introduction; screening of video resources; follow-up discussion; closing.

Establish an atmosphere of respect ❏for everyone’s thoughts, opinions and concerns.

Introduce local utility, governmental, and ❏industry representatives in attendance.

Introduce the video(s) from the ❏ Liquid Assets DVD that you will be screening.

Explain the importance of water ❏infrastructure and why the community is holding this discussion.

Explain that the aging water infrastructure ❏is a nationwide problem requiring local discussion. Complex drinking, wastewater, and stormwater systems are deteriorating and must be rehabilitated and maintained.

Describe the potential financial ❏decisions facing the community and the consequences of aging water infrastructure.

Ask the audience members about their ❏infrastructure and water quality concerns. Share the discussion questions with the audience and ask them to consider these as they watch the video.

Plan a short break after viewing the video ❏and prior to the discussion.

Maintain a focused discussion; ❏ask questions to redirect the discussion if it goes off topic.

Encourage everyone to participate ❏in the discussion.

If responses or comments are unclear, ❏ask the speaker for clarification or for further explanation.

Review key points and reinforce how the ❏audience can continue to be involved in solving this community problem.

Encourage participants to share ❏

their experience with others.



Discussion QuestionsThesesuggestedquestionscanbeaddressedtowaterindustry,governmental,orotherlocalexperts,aswellastotheaudience.

Local IssuesWhat issues in the documentary are similar •to the issues in your community?

Whatarethepublichealthorsafetyissues •thatcanaffectyourcommunityasaresult ofproblemswiththewaterinfrastructure?

Hasyourlocaleconomybeenaffectedbyshortfalls•inyourwaterinfrastructure?

Howwillincreasesintheratestructure •bereceivedbyconsumers?

Infrastructure Maintenance and RepairWhoisresponsibleforsustainingyour•community’swaterresources?Whatquestionswouldyouliketoaskthem?

Whatisyourlocalwatershed?Whatsteps •arebeingtakentoprotectit?Whatothercommunitiessharethiswatershed?

Havethelocalwatersystemsbeeninspected?•

Whenwillthewatersystemsinyourcommunity•need to be replaced?

Doesyourcommunityhaveaplantorehabilitate•andrepairitswaterinfrastructure?

Howwillyourcommunitypayfor •infrastructureimprovements?

Federal, state, local governments? »

Private water companies? »

Increases in rates? »

Local tax allocations? »

Other options? »

Community Problem SolvingWhatdoyoubelieveisthemostpressing •waterissueinyourcommunity?

Whatcanbedoneonthelocalleveltosolve •thecommunitychallenges?

Whatindividualsandgroupsneedtocome•togethertoachieveresults?

Whatisthefirststepinbringing •thesegroupstogether?

Howcancommunitiesinthesamewatershed•share their ideas?

Liquid Assets Community Toolkit // Video Resources // 11

VIDEO RESOURCESThe Liquid Assets DVD consists of the following videos:

Preview Approximately 4 minutes

ThepreviewintroducesaudiencestoU.S.waterinfrastructureandwhyitisanimportanttopictounderstandanddiscuss.

Overview Approximately 16 minutes

Theoverviewisarapid-firesummaryofthemainideascoveredinthedocumentary.Forpeoplewhohavealreadyseenthedocumentary,theoverviewservesasarefresher.Forpeoplewhohavenotseenthedocumentary,itservesasabriefintroductiontothekeyissuessurroundingwaterinfrastructure.

Documentary Approximately 90 minutes

Thefull-lengthdocumentaryexploresthehistory,engineering,andpoliticalandeconomicchallenges ofU.S.waterinfrastructurethroughthestoriesof citiesandtownsthatarestrugglingwiththeseissues.

Note: Thedocumentaryisdividedintochapters sothatviewerscanselectthespecificsegmentsthatare mostrelevanttotheirlocalwaterinfrastructureissues.

Purchase Liquid AssetsStartingOctober1,2008, the Liquid Assets DVD canbepurchasedfrom Penn State Public Broadcasting Media Sales (www.mediasales.psu.edu).

Liquid Assets Community Toolkit // Chapter Summary // 12

CHAPTER SUMMARYHow to Use the Chapter SummaryThe chapter summary is a companion piece to the Liquid Assets documentary.Readthroughthechaptersummarytoreviewtheentiredocumentaryortolocate thecontentthatbestrelatestolocalcommunityissues.

Table of Contents 13 Chapter 1—Introduction

13 Chapter2—ThreeSystems:DrinkingWater, Wastewater,andStormwater

14 Chapter 3—The National Problem

14 Chapter4—TheValueofWater

14 Chapter5—TheFundingGap

15 Chapter6—NewYorkCity:SystemComplexity& Watershed Protection

15 Chapter7—FederalRegulations

15 Chapter8—Pittsburgh:WatershedPolitics

16 Chapter9—Herminie,Pennsylvania: ASmall-TownStruggle

16 Chapter10—LosAngeles:ProtectingtheBeaches

17 Chapter11—LasVegas:SustainingWaterResources

17 Chapter12—AssetManagement

17 Chapter13—FindingtheFunds

18 Chapter14—Atlanta:LeadershipDrivesChange

18 Chapter 15—Conclusion

18 Chapter 16—Credits

Overview of DocumentaryLiquid Assets: The Story of Our Water Infrastructure tellsthestoryofessentialinfrastructuresystems:drinkingwater,wastewater,andstormwater.Exploringthehistory,engineeringchallenges,andpoliticalandeconomicrealities,thedocumentaryprovidesanunderstandingofthehiddenassetsthatsupporteveryaspectofAmericanlife.


// CHAPTER SUMMARY //

Chapter 1Introduction(Approx. 3.5 min.)

CitiesandtownsacrossAmericarelyononebasicresource—water.Moderncivilizationandlifeitselfwouldbeimpossiblewithoutit.Therearemorethan300millionpeopleinAmericaandeachindividualusesanaverageof100gallonsofwaterdaily. Waterinfrastructureisvitalfordiseaseandfireprotection,basicsanitation,economicdevelopmentandqualityoflife.Largelyoutofsight,outofmind,waterinfrastructureisagingandneedsimmediateattentionatthelocalandnationallevel.

Chapter 2Three Systems: Drinking Water, Wastewater, and Stormwater (Approx. 13 min.)

Waterinfrastructureconsistsofthreecomplex andinterconnectedsystems.Onesystemcleansanddeliversdrinkingwater;anothercollects,treats, andreintroduceswastewaterbackintothewatershed;andthethird(thatissometimescombinedwith thewastewatersystem)transportsstormwater.

Drinking WaterEverycommunity’ssafedrinkingwaterreliesonhavingacleanwatershed—anareaofland wherewaterfromrainorsnowmeltdrainsdownhillintoabodyofwater.Eighteenth-centuryPhiladelphia washometothefirstwaterdeliverysystem inAmerica.BecauseofPhiladelphia’sgrowingpopulation,itsgroundwaterwaspolluted andnotpotable(notcleanenoughfordrinking), sothecitydevelopedtechnologiestopump drinkingwaterfromthenearbySchuylkillRiver. ForNewYorkCity,drinkingwateriscollected andstoredin19reservoirsinupstateNewYorkandfedbygravitythroughan85-five-mile-longaqueduct—amonumentaltask.

WastewaterOncewaterisused,itcontainspollutantsthat mustberemovedandtreatedbeforerelease. Historically,Americanscountedonitsstreams, rivers,andeventheoceantodiluteandcarryawaytheirwaste.Inthenineteenthcentury,Bostonbuiltthecountry’sfirstmodernsewersystem,whichpumpedsewageintoBostonHarbortodriftouttosea.Butbythetwentiethcentury,dilutionwasnolongeraviableapproach,andnewmethodswereneededfortreatingthehugevolumesofwastegeneratedbyagrowingcity.Today,throughoutthecountry,multimillion-dollarwastewatertreatmentplants cleanwastewaterbyremovingsolids,settlingoutmicroscopicparticles,decomposingtoxicmaterials,anddisinfecting.Wheneffluent(treatedwastewater)isreleasedbackintothewatershed,itcombineswithotherwatersthateventuallyflowintotheintakes ofdrinkingwatertreatmentplantsandback tothefaucetsinhouseholdsandbusinesses. Itisanendlesshydrologiccycle.

StormwaterCommunitiesmustalsomanagerainwater tominimizeflooding.Becauseconcreteandotherimpervioussurfacespreventwaterfromnaturallysoakingintotheland,Americancitiesengineeredwaystotransportstormwaterawayfrompopulationcenters.Inacombinedsystem,wastewaterandstormwatertravelthroughthesamepipes. Whenoverloaded,thesesystemsweredesigned tooverflowdirectlyintoourwaterways. Separatesystems,ontheotherhand,usedifferentpipesforwastewaterandstormwater,butbecauserainwatercapturestrashandchemicalsfromthestreetsanddepositstheseintothestormwaterpipes,pollutionstilltravelsdirectlytoourwaterways.



Chapter 3The National Problem(Approx. 4 min.)

Agingorinadequateinfrastructurecannegativelyimpacteveryaspectoflife—frompublichealth, tofiresafety,tothevitalityoftheeconomy. Thenation’smillionsofmilesofagingpipes— some 100 years old or more—need rehabilitation andrepair.The Washington Suburban Sanitary Commissiontypifiesthechallengesofleakingpipesandwatermainbreaks.

Chapter 4The Value of Water(Approx. 7 min.)

Public HealthThepublicreliesonwaterinfrastructuretodeliver safedrinkingwater.Filtration,chlorination, andozonationareusedtoprotectthepublic fromwaterbornediseases.Breakdownscancauseseverepublichealthconsequences,suchas theonethatoccurredin1993inMilwaukee, whereacryptosporidiumoutbreakresultedin anestimated400,000individualsbecomingsick.Communitiesmustconstantlymonitorandupgradewatersystemsinresponsetonewchallenges.

SafetyTheDistrictofColumbiatypifiestheimportanceofmaintainingwaterdeliverysystemsforfireprotection.Agingpipesaccumulatebuildup,chokingoffthewatersuppliesandpreventingtheproperwaterpressurenecessaryforfightingfiresandsavinglives.

EconomyAnestimated80percentofAmerica’swaterusagecomesfromagricultureandindustry.Cleanwater iscriticalforhigh-techmanufacturing,hospitals,andagriculturalirrigation—andwiththeseeconomicdriverscomejobs.Citiesthatcannotofferadequatewatersupplieswillseetheireconomicbasesuffer.

Chapter 5The Funding Gap(Approx. 2 min.)

The Environmental Protection Agency estimates thatthereisa$540billiondifferencebetweenwhatthenationiscurrentlyspendingonthewaterinfrastructureandtheactualinvestmentrequirementsformaintainingandrenewingtheinfrastructure overthenext20years.IntheU.S.,onaverage,familiespaylessthan1percentoftheirincome fortapwater.Expertsrepresentingwaterutilitiesexplainthatbecausecommunitieshaveneglectedwatersystemsfordecades,currentwaterrates donotgenerateenoughrevenuetocoverthecostsofnecessarymaintenance,repair,andreplacement.Communitiesthroughoutthecountryare, orsoonwillbe,facingincreasedrates.



Chapter 6New York City: System Complexity & Watershed Protection(Approx. 6 min.)

Managingandmaintainingwaterinfrastructureisanenormouslycomplextask.NewYorkCity’sinfrastructureistrulyanengineeringmarvel, butonethatfacescontinualchallenges.Twomassiveconcrete-linedundergroundtunnelsbuiltinthe earlytwentiethcentury—knownasTunnel1andTunnel2—deliverthecity’swatersupply.Nooneknowstheircurrentcondition,becauserustedvalveshavepreventedshutdownsfortunnelinspections.NewYorkCity’s“sandhogs,”undergroundconstructionworkers,havebeenworkingon athirdtunnelfor40years.Whencompleted in2012,Tunnel3willprovideredundancies forasaferwatersystem,alongwiththeopportunity toshutdownTunnel1forrehabilitation.

Watershed Protection ApproachNewYorkCity’swaterinfrastructureplanningdoesnotstopwithtunnelconstruction.Thecitymustalsoprotectandmaintaintheupstatereservoirsthatsupplyitswater,andithaspurchasedtractsoflandadjacenttothereservoirstopreventdevelopment.NewYorkCitywasoneofthefirsttoadoptawatershedprotectionapproach.Itcanbeeasierandlessexpensivetopreventpollutionatthesourcethroughprotectioneffortsthantotreatthewaterlater.

Chapter 7Federal Regulations(Approx. 2 min.)

Federalregulationshelpprotectwater. TheCleanWaterActregulatesthedischargeofpollutantsintosurfacewaters,andtheSafeDrinkingWaterActprovidesstandardsforpotablewater. ThechairmanoftheU.S. Congressional Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure explains that currently 50 percent ofthenation’swatersareswimmable,doublethe

numberin1972whentheCleanWaterActwaspassed.GrantsfromtheCleanWaterActhelpedtobuild andupgradewastewatertreatmentplantsacross thecountryandmakethedifferenceforourwaterways,butinthe1980sfundingdiminished, andupgradesslowed.

Chapter 8Pittsburgh: Watershed Politics(Approx. 7.5 min.)

Awatershedusuallyspreadsacrosstownandstateborders,sodifferentcommunitiesmustcometogethertoprotecttheircommoninterests.Pittsburghreliesonthreeconvergingrivers(theAllegheny,Monongahela,andOhiorivers)forindustry,recreation,anddrinkingwater.YetPittsburghhascombinedseweroverflows(CSOs)—aconditionwhensewageandstormwatercombineandpoursolidwastedirectlyintotherivers.Facingaconsentdecreeandstifffines,thecity mustreducepollutionlevelsandputastop totheCSOs.Allegheny County Sanitation Authority (ALCOSAN),theregion’swastewatertreatmentplant,serves83separateanddistinctcitiesandtowns,socontinuedplansforwatershedprotectionwillrequirecommunication,coordination,andcollaboration.

Nine Mile RunInacommunity-drivenwatershedcleanupin themiddleofurbanPittsburgh,residents areseeingenvironmentalbenefitsfromtheircollaborativeefforts.TheNineMileRunproject hashadasignificantimpactandoffersapromisingexampleforothers.Torestorethecreek,thecommunityusedsustainablemethods—introducing alargerfloodplainandnativeplants—toallowthelandtonaturallyfilterandcleansewageoverflowsbeforetheyentertheriver.Organizersalsoaim toinstall4,000rainbarrelsinthecommunity tocollectrainwaterfromroofgutterdownspouts,holdingitwithinthewatershed,andtherebyreducingtheamountandspeedofflowthatgoesintothecombinedsewerlines.



Chapter 9Herminie, Pennsylvania: A Small-Town Struggle(Approx. 6.5 min.)

Thestruggletofundwaterinfrastructureimprovementsisasgreatinsmalltownsasitis inmetropolitanareas.Withapopulationof 856people,HerminieisaruralfarmingcommunityinPennsylvaniathathasbeenawaitingawastewatertreatmentplantformorethan40years.

AsunbelievableasitistoseeinanAmericantown inthetwenty-firstcentury,wastewaterflowsin thestreet,downthemineshaftsanddirectly intothecreek,threateningpublichealthandcreatingastenchonhotsummerdays.Withoutgrantmoney,Herminiefounditssewagerateswouldbetoohighforthecommunity’sincomelevels.SewickleyTownship,homeofHerminie,createdasewerauthorityboardin1998,butittookadecadetofinallyreceivethenecessary$15millioningrantandloanfunding, inthiscasefromtheU.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Development office.

Chapter 10Los Angeles: Protecting the Beaches(Approx. 7 min.)

Waterinfrastructuresolutionsfromthepastcancauseunexpectedconsequencesinthepresent.Inthe1930s,facedwithfloodingandgrowingdevelopment, thecityconvertedtheLosAngelesrivertoaconcreteflood-controlchanneltosendstreetrunoffandwateroverflowsmorequicklytosea.ReplicatingthissystemthroughoutSouthernCaliforniaenabledtheregion tobuildnewhomesandbusinesseswithouttheneedforlargefloodplainstoabsorbstormwater. However,theregion’sflood-controlchannelsinadvertentlycreatedpathways—big“waterslides”—forwasteandtrashtotravelunfilteredtoitsbeaches.Cityworkersmustnowvacuumoutthestormwatersystemwithgiantmachines,andsignsremindresidents that the storm drains on their street carry whatevertheymightdumpthere,fromsoapywater tooil,directlytotheocean.

InSantaMonica,thedry-weatherrunofffrom itsresidentswashingcars,cleaningstreets,andirrigatingplantsandlawnsgeneratesenormousamountsofpollution,andthecitybuiltthe Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility (SMURFF),atreatmentplant,specificallyforprocessingandrecyclingurbanrunoff.

The Surfrider FoundationisworkingtocleanupDoheniBeachinOrangeCounty,whichitcallsthedirtiestbeachinSouthernCalifornia,alongwith theSanJuanCreek,aconcretefloodchannel flowingdirectlyintothebeach.

Onceofinterestonlytoactivists,waterqualityisnowtheconcernofeverySouthernCaliforniacommunity.Toreducethestrainontheentirewatershedsystem,somecommunitiesareworkingtorestoreportions ofman-madeinfrastructuretonaturalsystems, inordertofilterpollutantsandslowtheir swiftdrainagetothesea.



Chapter 11Las Vegas: Sustaining Water Resources(Approx. 6 min.)

Communitiesrealizethattheymustimprove theirwaterconservationandsustainability, whethertheyhaveaginginfrastructurethatsquandersaseeminglyplentifulwatersupply,orwhethertheyaresituatedinadesert,wherewaterisalreadyscarce.LasVegasliesintheMojaveDesert,anditisoneofthefastestgrowingareasinthecountry.Everydropofwatercounts.WhiletheLasVegasStripusesonly3percentofallthewaterthatthedistrictdelivers,70percentofthewaterintheregionisusedforresidentiallandscapeandgolfcourseirrigation. Toreduceusage,communityplannersnowencouragepeopletodesignlandscapeswithnativedesertplantsandtoinstallartificialturf.SouthernNevadarecyclesallofitswastewateraftertreatment,eitherreintroducingitintotheColoradoRiver,orusingitforgolfcoursesandparks.LasVegasworkshardtodiminishwaterloss,andthedistrict’sefficiencyrating—thecomparisonbetweenwatercomingin andgoingoutofthesystem—isconsideredoneof thebestinthenation.Computerizedmaps, whicharelinkedtoleakagedetectionunits inthedistributionsystem,enablethedistrict topinpointandrepairleakswhentheyfirstform,beforetheybecomealargerproblem.

Chapter 12Asset Management(Approx. 3 min.)

Tosustainwaterresources,communitiespractice“assetmanagement,”aplanningprocesstomaintainandmanageexistingandfutureinfrastructure. Itwouldbeimpossibletodigupeverythingthatisalreadyinplaceallatonce,anditisnotusuallynecessarytodoso;therefore,communities mustmakelong-termplansforrepair,renewal, andrehabilitation.Communitiesemployavariety ofmethodstogatherdataontheinfrastructure.Robotstravelundergroundthroughthepipes, takingvideotoidentifycracksandotherdefects,whichcanalsobedetectedbyremotesensors.Technicianseventravelonbikesthrough largerpipelinestoperformvisualinspections. Afterdeterminingneeds,thecommunityprioritizesthem,choosesrehabilitationtechniques,determinesthebesttimingandpursuesfundingstrategies.

Chapter 13Finding the Funds(Approx. 4 min.)

Opinionsvaryonhowtoclosewhatexperts refertoasthefundinggap.Manyencourage thefederalgovernmenttorestoreaconstructiongrantprogramandinducelocalandstateinvestment.Otherslooktolocalsolutionstolowercostsandincreaseefficiencies.Approximately10percentofallthewaterandwastewatersystemsinthecountry,especiallythoseinsmalltomid-sizedcommunitiesthathavefewerresourcesthanlargecities, haveengagedprivatecompaniestomanage theirassets.Whateverthesolutions,alltheexpertsagreethatlocalwaterrateswillinevitablyneedtoriseinordertopayforessentialneeds.Breakingthisnewstotheircommunitiespresentsasignificantchallengeforelectedofficials.



Chapter 14Atlanta: Leadership Drives Change(Approx. 11 min.)

Atlantaofferspromisingsolutionsinthefaceofmanychallenges:anoldinfrastructure,outdatedfacilities,combinedseweroverflows,andaseverelackoffunding.In1994theUpper Chattahoochee RiverkeeperfiledaCleanWaterActlawsuitresultinginconsentdecreestomakeinfrastructureimprovements.Takingontheinfrastructurechallenge,Mayor Shirley Franklinhasnamedherself the“SewerMayor”tohighlighturgentneeds forrehabilitation.Outofnecessityandtheinformedconsensusoftheelectorate,Atlanta’swaterrates areamongthehighestinAmerica,butwith 25percentofitspopulationatorbelow thepovertyline,thecitytiersitsratestructures. Thecitypursuesacomprehensiveassetmanagementplananddeploysthelatesttechnologiesforsewerinspectionandrehabilitation.Smoketesting andclosed-circuittelevisionhelpworkersidentifyproblemsinthepipelines.Trenchlesstechnologyenablesworkerstoreplacepipesfromoneentrypit,versusdiggingahugetrench,savingtimeandmoney. Andthecityisconstructingan8-mile-longstoragetunneltodecreasecombinedseweroverflows. Atlantahascommittedtoinvestingbillionsofdollarstorehabilitatethewaterinfrastructureoverthenextdecadetomeetthepromiseofahighqualityoflife forallofitscitizens,presentandfuture.

Chapter 15Conclusion(Approx. 2 min.)

Whetherforward-lookingorinresponseto immediateconcerns,citiesandtownsacrossAmericaareaddressingsignificantchallengesandworking tomaintainandimprovethewaterinfrastructure. Theireffortsareimperativetoprotectandsustain ournation’smostpreciousresource—water.

Chapter 16Credits(Approx. 2 min.)

Liquid Assets Community Toolkit // Glossary // 19

GLOSSARYThisglossaryprovidesviewerswithabasicunderstandingofsomeoftheterminologyusedinthedocumentary.

ALCOSAN (Allegheny County Sanitary Authority)- the treatment plant responsible forthecollection,transportation,treatment, anddisposalofsewageforPittsburgh, 82neighboringmunicipalitiesinAlleghenyCounty,andpartsofcommunitiesinWashington and Westmoreland Counties

Asset management-aplanningprocess toensurethatcommunitieshavethefinancialresourcestoinspect,rehabilitate,andreplace waterinfrastructure.Assetmanagementhelps reducecostswhileincreasingtheefficiency andthereliabilityoftheassets.

Black water-domesticwastewater containinghumanwaste

Bond levy-aloanordebtsecurityusedforfundingmunicipalcapitalimprovementprojects

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-adivisionoftheU.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,theprimaryfederalagencyforconductingandsupportingpublichealthactivities

Chlorination-waterdisinfectionbychlorinegas or hypochlorite

Clean Water Act-thecommontermforthe FederalWaterPollutionControlActof1972 (withamendmentspassedin1977,1981,1987, and1994)whichsetsstandardsforthe “chemical,physical,andbiologicalintegrity ofthenation’swaters”

Closed-circuit TV-thetechnologyusedtosurveypipelinesandvisuallyidentifypointsofweakness

Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO)-aneventthatoccurswhenstormwatermixedwithuntreatedwastewaterfromacombinedsewersystemoverflowsdirectlyintolocalwaterways.CSOsgenerallyoccurduringwetweather(rainfallorsnowmelt).

Combined Sewer Overflow (CSO) storage tunnel-alargeundergroundtunnel thatcapturesandstoressewageusedtopreventCombinedSewerOverflows

Combined system-theinfrastructure inwhichwastewaterandstormwatertravel throughthesamepipes.Duringarainevent,treatmentplantsmayreachcapacity,and theexcessflowisdivertedintolocalwaterways,creatingaCombinedSewerOverflow.

Concrete rivers-aconcrete,man-maderiverdesignedtoalleviatefloodingandincrease landdevelopment.Whiletheypreventflooding bytransportingwatertotheoceanatafasterrate thannaturalrivers,theyoftencarrypollution fromtheurbanenvironment.

Consent Decree-alegalagreementbetween amunicipalityandthefederalgovernmenttoceaseillegalactivitywithinastricttimeframe. Many communities are under consent decrees toaddressCombinedSewerOverflows.

Conservation-thecarefuluseofwatertoensure thequantityofthesourcesupply

Cryptosporidium-aparasitefoundinlakes andriversthatcausesillnessandishighlyresistant todisinfection

Cured-in-place lining-atrenchlesstechnology forpiperehabilitationinwhichasoftpipeisinvertedintoanexistingpipeandhardenedonsite into a plastic liner


// GLOSSARY //

Dilution-amethodofdiminishingthestrength ofpollutionbydischargingitintoastream orotherbodyofwater

Distribution system-thesystemforcarryingwatertoandfromcommunitiesandindustries,includingtreatmentplants,pumpstations,andpipenetworks

Drinking water-thewaterthatisofsufficientqualityforhumanconsumption,alsotermed potablewater

Drought-tolerant ordinance-aregulation toconservewaterwiththeuseofdrought-tolerantplantsinthelandscapingofresidentialandcommercial properties

Dry-weather runoff-thewastewater (notassociatedwithwetweatherconditions)thatentersthestormwaterinfrastructure,oftenpollutingthelocalwaterways.Itisaresultofwashingcarsinthestreetandhosingdownsidewalks,aswellastheoversprayfromirrigationsystems.

Effluent-thetreatedoutputofawastewatertreatmentplantthatisdischargedinto thenearestwaterway

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)- theU.S.agencyresponsibleforeffortstocontrolairandwaterpollution,radiationandpesticidehazards,ecologicalresearch,andsolidwastedisposal

Filtration-apurificationprocessbywhichsuspendedsolidsandbacteriaareremovedfromwater

Floodplain-alow,flatareaoneithersideofariverthatcanaccommodatelargeamountsofwaterduringaflood,lesseningflooddamagefurtherdownstream.Theplantsandgrassesofthefloodplainnaturally filteroutpollutantsfromthewater.

Funding gap-theprojecteddisparitybetweentheactualcostofprovidingandmaintainingwaterdistributionservicesandthemoneythatisreceivedfromsourcessuchasgovernmentgrantsandloansandtherevenuegeneratedfromcustomers

Gastroenteritis-aninflammationofthestomachandintestineresultinginsevereillness

Grant vs. loan-Agrantismoneygiven toamunicipalitybyagovernmentalgrouporotherorganizationtoaidinthecompletionofaproject;thereisnoexpectationofrepayment.Aloanismoneyborrowedfromafundingorganization,suchasabank;theorganizationexpectstoberepaid.

Grey water-thedomesticwater(dishwashing,laundry,andbathingwater)thatdoesnotcontainhumanwaste

Groundwater-thewaterstoredinusable amountsinlayersofpermeablesoilandrock belowtheearth’ssurface

Impervious surface-amaterialthroughwhichwatercannotpass,suchascertaintypesofconcrete

Meter-adeviceusedtomeasurewaterconsumptionatresidentialandcommercialvenues

Municipality-apoliticalunit,suchasacityortown,incorporatedforlocalself-government

Ozonation-theapplicationofozonetowater fordisinfectionorfortasteandodorcontrol

Pathogen-adisease-causingorganism

Pipe bursting-atrenchlesstechnologyfor pipereplacement.Ahigh-poweredtoolshatters theexistingpipeasitpullsthroughanewpipe. Itcanbeusedtoincreasethediameterofapipe.

Pipe rehabilitation-theprocessofrestoringpipes

Potable water-See“drinkingwater”.

Privatization-theprocessoftransferringownershipofwaterresourcesfromthepublicsector(government)totheprivatesector(business)

Public health-asocietalefforttoprotectpeoplefromdisease


// GLOSSARY //

Public-private partnerships-theservices orventuresfundedandoperatedthrough apartnershipofgovernmentandoneormore privatesectorcompanies

Public safety-asocietalefforttopreventandprotectthepublic,suchascommunityfireprotection

Rain gutter downspout-adeviceconnectedtotheroofofabuildingthatcollectswaterfromprecipitationanddrainsthewaterawayfromthebuilding

Rate hike-anincreaseinthecostofwaterservices

Rate structure-theorganizationofbillingchargesbasedontheconsumers’usageandtheperunitcostofprovidingthatservice.Thismayincludetieredratesbasedonsocio-economicfactors.

Rates-thepricechargedtotheconsumerbytheutilityforwaterservices

Reclaimed water-See“recycledwater”.

Recycled water-thewastewaterthathasbeentreatedandpurifiedforreuseinagricultural andindustrialapplicationsratherthanfordischargeintoabodyofwater.Alsosee“reuse”.

Reservoir-anaturalorartificiallakewheresourcewateriscollectedandstored

Reuse-aconservationtechniquetopreserve thewatersourcesupplyinwhichwastewaterandstormwateraretreatedforagriculturalandlandscapeirrigation,industrialprocesses,toiletflushing, andreplenishingagroundwaterbasin

Robot-amechanicaldeviceusedtoinspect andsometimesrepairwaterinfrastructure

Safe Drinking Water Act-aregulationpassed bytheU.S.Congressin1974tohelpensure safedrinkingwaterintheU.S.,settingmaximumcontaminantlevelsforavarietyofchemicals,metals,andbacteriainpublicwatersupplies

Sandhogs-themembersofNewYorkCity’s Local147,theTunnelWorkersUnion,whoconstructwatertunnels,sewers,highwaytunnels,andsubways

Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs)- the untreated orpartiallytreatedsewageoverflowsfromaseparatesanitarysewercollectionsystem.ThisisdifferentfromtheCombinedSewerOverflows(CSOs),thatoccur asaresultofacombinedsewersystem.

Sewage-theusedwaterandsolidsthatflowfromhomesandbusinessesthroughthewastewaterinfrastructuretoawastewatertreatmentplant

Sewer-anundergroundsystemofpipesused tocarrywastewater

SMURRF (Santa Monica Urban Runoff Recycling Facility)-thetreatmentfacility fordry-weatherrunoffthatprovidesreusedwater tothecommunityinSantaMonica,California

Stormwater-thewaterthataccumulatesfromprecipitationandrunofffromland,pavement,buildingrooftopsandothersurfaces

Stream restoration-anefforttorepairastreamafterithasbeendamagedbyurbanrunoff,CombinedSewerOverflows,anderosion

Streptococcus- a bacteria that causes serious illness in humans

Subtropical plants-thevegetationthatisnotsuitablefordesertlandscapes,butratherisindigenoustoenvironmentswherethereisabundantrainfall

Sustainability-theabilitytomaintainandpreservewaterinfrastructureandthewatersupplytomeettheneedsofcurrentandfuturegenerations

Treatment plant-afacilityforcleaningandtreatingwatertomakeitsuitablefordrinking;awastewatertreatmentplantcleansandtreatswastewaterbeforedischargeintoawaterbody.


// GLOSSARY //

Trenchless technology- a construction and pipe-replacement technique that uses an entry pit to reduce theneedforsurfaceexcavationandcanoftendecreasecostsassociatedwithundergroundwork

True-value pricing or full-cost pricing- theintegrationofallcostsassociatedwith waterservicesintothewaterratepaidbypeople and businesses

Tuberculin-thebuildupinsideofapipe thatnarrowsthepassagewayovertime andreducesthepipe’scapacitytotransportwater

Tunnel 3-amassiveundergroundtunnel thatwillprovideacriticalthirdconnection toNewYorkCity’swatersupplysystem

Utility-apublicorprivateentitythatprovideswaterservicesandissubjecttogovernmentregulation

Valve-adevicethatregulatestheflowofwaterthroughpipesbyopeningandclosingpassageways

Wastewater-theusedwaterandsolidsfromhomesandbusinessesthatrequiretreatmentbeforereuse ordischargeintowaterways

Water-efficient landscaping-theuseofdrought-resistantvegetationandefficientirrigationtoreducewaterconsumption

Water infrastructure-theintegrated,engineeredelementsfordistributingdrinkingwater,wastewaterandstormwater,suchaspipes,pumpingstations,treatment plants

Water loss-theescapeofwaterfrompipenetworksduetocracksandleaks

Water main-aprimarypipeinthewaterdistribution system

Waterborne disease- any illness spread by contaminatedwater,suchascryptosporidium

Watershed-anareaoflandwherewaterfromrainorsnowmeltdrainsdownhillintoabodyofwater—streams,rivers,lakesandoceans

Watershed protection-anefforttosecure awatersupplyatitssourcethroughvariouscollaborativemethodssuchaswaterqualitymonitoring,landbuy-back,andcommunity pollution reduction

Sources of definitions:Thedefinitionsarebasedontheexperts’interviews inthedocumentary.

Theseonlinesourcesprovidedadditionalinformation:

www.epa.gov/safewater/pubs/gloss2.htm• l

www.cdc.go• v

www.nesc.wvu.ed• u

www.wef.org/AboutWater/ForThePublic/•WaterTerms

www.awwa.or• g

Liquid Assets Community Toolkit // Frequently Asked Questions // 23

FREQUENTLY ASkED QUESTIONSThe DocumentaryWhat is Liquid Assets?Liquid Assets is a public media and outreach initiativetoinformthenationaboutthecriticalroleourwaterinfrastructureplaysinprotectinghealthandpromotingeconomicprosperity.Combininga90-minutedocumentarywithaCommunityToolkitforfacilitatinglocalinvolvement,Liquid Assets exploresthehistory,engineering,political,andeconomicchallengesofourwaterinfrastructure, andengagescommunitiesinlocaldiscussions aboutpublicwaterandwastewaterissues.

Who produced Liquid Assets?Liquid AssetsisaproductionofPenn State Public Broadcasting (wpsu.org),whichissolelyresponsibleforitscontent.

What is a public media and outreach initiative?Apublicmediaandoutreachinitiativecombines apublictelevisionbroadcast,witharobusteducationaloutreachefforttohelpencourage localdiscussion.Apublicmediaandoutreachinitiativehelpstoraisepublicawarenessofimportantand timely issues that impact people at both thenationalandlocallevels.

Theinitiativehelpsbuildpartnershipsandprovidesmaterialstoprofessionalandcivicorganizations,publicbroadcastingstations,andotherstohelpthemorganizecommunitydiscussionsabouttheissue. Penn State Public Broadcasting’s public media andoutreachinitiativesarestrengthenedthrough theacademicresourcesofPenn State.

What are the themes of the documentary?

DrinkingWater,Wastewater,andStormwater•

PublicHealth,PublicSafety•

ComplexityofSystems•

Watershed Protection •

21st- Century Solutions•

TheFundingChallenge•

What locations are featured in the documentary?Boston;Philadelphia;Milwaukee;Washington,D.C.;NewYorkCity;Pittsburgh;Herminie,Pennsylvania;LosAngeles;LasVegas;andAtlanta

Is Liquid Assets offered in Spanish?WeregretthatatthistimeweareunabletoprovidethedocumentaryortheCommunityToolkitinaSpanish-languageversion.However,iffundingallows,wewouldwelcometheopportunitytoprovidetheseinSpanishatalaterdate.WewillupdatetheinformationontheWebsiteifthisbecomespossible.

Public Television BroadcastWhen will the documentary be broadcast?OnOctober1,2008,thedocumentarywillbereleasedtopublictelevisionstationsforbroadcast. The decision to air the documentary rests solely withindividualstations.Theywillhavetherights torepeatbroadcastsofthedocumentaryforuptothreeyears.Checkwithyourlocalpublictelevisionstationforlocalbroadcasttimes.

Liquid Assets Community Toolkit // Frequently Asked Questions // 24

// FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS //

How can I locate my local public television station?Tofindyourlocalstation,visitthe National Center for Outreach (NCO) Web site: www.nationaloutreach.org/stationinfo/stationDirectory/index.cfm.

How can I help to encourage my local public television station to air the documentary?Stationsusuallywelcomefriendlycallsofinterestfromtheircommunities.Whenyoucallyourstation,agoodplacetobeginistoaskforthestationprogrammer.Introduceyourself.Mentionthatyouarecalling about a documentary that the station may be interestedinairing.Inviteyourstationtovisit www.liquidassets.psu.edufordetails.

Is it possible to partner with my local station to hold a community meeting?Ifyourepresentacommunitygroupandareopentodiscussingideasandsharingresources,andifyourstation’sschedulingpermitsit,thestationwilllikelybereceptivetocollaboratingonlocalactivitiesthatwillservethecommunity.Whenyoucall,beginbysaying,“Myorganizationwouldbeveryinterested inpartneringwithyoutodoanoutreachactivity tofacilitatelocaldiscussionsurroundingtheLiquid Assets broadcast.”Yourorganizationmightalsowanttooffertohelpsponsorthecollaborativeeventortounderwritethelocalbroadcast.

Can the documentary be broadcast on a local cable access station?No,thedocumentarybroadcastrightsareexclusive topublictelevisionstations.However,ifthecable-accessstationisanonprofit,itwouldbepermissible toshowbriefsectionsofvideoaspartofafilmedpublicmeeting.Inaddition,ifyourlocalpublictelevisionstationoperatesitsownnoncommercialcablechannel,itwillhavetherightstopresenttheprogramonthatchannel.

Community MeetingsWhat resources are available for community meetings?OurCommunityToolkithelpstomakeiteasier foryoutoholdaneventorfacilitatedialoguewithlocalleadersaboutwaterinfrastructureissues. Visit www.liquidassets.psu.edu to access these materials.

Is there a DVD that I can show at a meeting?Yes.TheDVDincludesthefull-lengthdocumentary,chapters,afour-minutepreview,anda16-minuteoverviewtoshowatmeetings.

Where can I get the DVD?OnOctober1,2008,theDVDwillgoonsalethroughPenn State Public Broadcasting Media Sales (www.mediasales.psu.edu).

K-12 and College EducationAre there any materials for schools?Classroom materials tied to national educational standardsarebeingdevelopedandwhencompletedwillbefoundatwww.liquidassets.psu.edu. Pleasecheckback.Inthemeantime,thedocumentaryandaccompanyingvideos,allG-rated,aresuitabletoshareinschoolsettings.EducatorsmaywanttogarnerideasfromthechaptersummariesandtheglossaryintheCommunityToolkit.Also,teachersmayfindotherhelpfulenvironmentallyrelatededucationalmaterialsontheWebsiteofPennStatePublicBroadcasting’sEducationalServices:www.wpsu.org/education.

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